Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(课件PPT)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (单元主题语境：人与社会——科学与科学家) Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Other Parts 栏 目 索 引 自主落实·掌握语言知识 熟读精思·研读文本精华 互动探究·精研核心知识 Ⅰ．重点词汇 1．_________ n．蛋白质 2．________ n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房 3．________ n．病毒 4．______________ n．框架；结构 5．__________ adj．可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体 6．________ vt．(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 自主落实·掌握语言知识 protein cell virus framework solid cast UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 7．_________ n．阴影；影子；背光处 8．__________ n．彩虹 9．________ vt．倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 10．___________ n．混凝土adj．混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 11．____________ adj．爱国的 12．_________ n．导弹 13．______ vt．追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 shadow rainbow pour concrete patriotic missile trace UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 14．______________________ adj．优秀的；杰出的；明显的 15．________________ adj．抽象的；理论上的n．(文献等的)摘要 16．______________ n．概念；观念 17．______________ prep．除……之外(还) adv．而且；此外 18．______________________ adv．此外；再者 19．__________ n．弱点；过错 20．__________ n．改变；转换；轮班vi．& vt．转移；挪动；转向 outstanding abstract concept besides furthermore fault shift UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ．拓展词汇 1．find vt．找到；发现→________ n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 2．_______ adj．最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv．开始，最初 3．_________ n．机械师；机械修理工→____________ adj．机械的；发动机的；机器的 finding initial mechanic mechanical UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4．______ vt．保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护 5．assist vt．& vi．帮助；协助→________ n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 6．leader n．领导；领袖→____________ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→leading adj．领先的，最前的；最重要的 7．gift n．礼物；天赋→_______ adj．有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 defend assistant leadership gifted UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 8．______ adj．稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv．稳定地；持续地 9．___________ n．天文学→____________ n．天文学家 10．__________ adj．聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→brilliantly adv．灿烂地；绝妙地→brilliance n．才华；明亮，灿烂 11．_________ adj．生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv．生动地；鲜明地 steady astronomy astronomer brilliant vivid UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 动词加后缀-ant构成名词，后缀-ant表示“该动作的执行者(人或物)”。 assist→assistant　serve→servant apply→applicant　immigrate→immigrant UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅲ．短语互译 1．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 __________ 2．对……熟悉 ________________ 3．主管；掌管 ______________ 4．最重要的是；尤其是 ___________ 5．患(病)；染上(小病) __________________ 6．指出 __________ 7．梦想；渴望 _____________________ break out be familiar with in charge of above all come down with point out dream of/dream about UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 8．have a great impact on ___________________ 9．switch …to … ________________ 10．over the course of ___________ 11．take on the challenge ___________ 12．under one's leadership ______________ 13．trace back to ________ 14．in the area of ___________ 对……有很大的影响 从……转到…… 在……期间 接受挑战 在某人的领导下 追溯到 在……领域 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅳ．重点句式 1．句型：否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than … 教材原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen． 翻译：________________________________________________________ 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．句型：过去分词(短语)作后置定语 教材原句：Under Qian's leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets． 翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________ 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 熟读精思·研读文本精华 Ⅰ．文本理解 ►语篇信息 The genre(体裁) of the two texts is narration(记叙文)．The two texts are introductions to two great scientists，___________ and _______________． Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ►文章架构 THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE Para．1 Introduction Para．2-Para．5 Qian Xuesen's personal history and accomplishments Para．6 Qian Xuesen's personality and qualities Para．7 Qian Xuesen's death and people's appreciation of him UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Para．1 Introduction Para．2 Stephen Hawking's claim to fame Para．3 Characteristics that made Stephen Hawking great UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ►细节探究 1．Why did Qian Xuesen change his major at university？(　　) A．To find a good job． B．To meet his interest． To serve his motherland． D．To join the army． 2．How old was Qian Xuesen when China successfully launched its first man-made satellite？(　　) A．49 years old． B．59 years old． C．69 years old． D．79 years old． C B UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3．What can we learn from the first text？ (　　) A．China was in great need of scientists in the 1950s． B．Qian Xuesen was not welcome in the United States． C．Art never gave Qian Xuesen inspiration in his research． D．Qian Xuesen had nothing to do with Shenzhou spacecrafts． A UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4．How did Hawking first get his fame？ (　　) A．By using the computers and wheelchair． B．By graduating from Cambridge University． C．By pointing out a professor's maths mistake． D．By doing his own work on the big bang theory． C UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 5．Which of the following best describes Hawking？ (　　) A．Brave and careful． B．Determined and brilliant． C．Careless and disabled． D．Learned and humorous． B UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ►难句突破 1．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man． 分析：句中“Described …devotion”是过去分词短语作状语；who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a man。 翻译：_____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 钱学森备受人们尊敬。在《钱学森的故事》一书中，作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion，and in the 1940s，he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory，now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres． 分析：本句是由连词and连接的并列复合句。第一个and后面的分句中“now one of …centres”是名词短语作the Jet Propulsion Laboratory的同位语。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国国家航空航天局领先的太空探索中心之一。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3．Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought． 分析：本句是一个复合句；Since引导原因状语从句，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词disease。 翻译：__________________________________________________ __________________ 患病致使他大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ►课文语法填空 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．Qian Xuesen，1．__ man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”，was patriotic and 2．____________(serve) his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion．Under his 3．____________(leader)，China made outstanding progress in rockets，missiles and man-made satellites．Because 4．____ this，he earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． a served leadership of UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Stephen Hawking was a 5．______ (gift) scientist．Since he came down with a disease 6．_________(cause) him unable to walk 7．____ speak，his world became one of abstract thought．He was brilliant，brave and 8．___________(determine)．And he was willing 9．________ (admit) his faults．This combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest 10．_________(thinker) of the 20th and 21st centuries． gifted causing or determined to admit thinkers UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ．原文释译 THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE ❶Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s，Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion，and in the 1940s，he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory，now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955．He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.At that time，China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major，and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless，Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.❷ When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Under Qian's leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In 1970，China successfully launched its first man-made satellite，Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ，from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian's research，Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable，especially in the area of frontier science research.However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened by Qian's death，and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT ❸Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk．Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964．In general，there were two main theories on the origin of the universe．The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end．The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space．The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle，a professor at Cambridge．❹During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures，Hawking stood up and UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths． Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true．Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes．A star was born． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 So，what made Stephen Hawking a genius？Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about．Furthermore，he was quite determined．This had helped him as a scientist，and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease．Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 参考译文 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬。在《钱学森的故事》一书中，作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要拥有自己的强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。在二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国国家航空航天局领先的太空探索中心之一。 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“中国人搞导弹行不行？”他的回答斩钉截铁：“怎么不行？外国人能搞的，中国人同样能搞出来。” 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列航天器的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 钱学森博览群书，在前沿科学研究领域的知识尤其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 一个纯思维的世界 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。患病致使他大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论——而非稳恒态理论——是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志十分坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ◆精学表达 Ⅰ．文本特征 1．两篇文章均属于人物传记，标题均突出了人物评价。第一篇按照时间顺序概述了钱学森的一生，重点介绍了他求学报国的曲折经历，以及他回国后克服困难，在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作；第二篇重点讲述了霍金早期成名的经历，突出了他身残志坚、敢于挑战权威、坚持梦想、勇于承认错误等可贵品质。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．由两篇文章中人物具体经历的叙述、标题中的FATHER和PURE以及文中大量充满感情色彩的语言的运用可以看出人物传记的语言特点：所写的主要人物和事件符合史实，所写的人物生平经历完整。人物形象鲜明，性格突出，语言生动。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ．语言特色 1．语言描写 句❷借助人物的直接引语，辅以恰当的形容词determined，形象生动地刻画了一个勇于面对挑战、意志坚定的人物形象。 2．动作描写 句❹动作描写用stood up和pointed out生动再现了霍金敢于挑战权威、追求真理的场景，形象体现了霍金的科学精神。 3．多变表达 作者在描述人物评价时，句❶和❸分别运用了“否定词＋比较级＋than”和the most famous and gifted等不同的句式来表达最高级的含义，句式丰富。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4．逻辑衔接 两篇文章都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如However、because、Besides、Nevertheless、In general、Furthermore、Above all等，展现出了较高的写作策略和技巧，使得文章读起来紧凑连贯，浑然一体。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ◆续写积累 1．人物描写——性格品行 Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did． [仿写]完成句子 ①他的勇气、毅力、才华和幽默激励了全世界的人们。 ______________________________________________ inspired people across the world． His courage，persistence，brilliance and humor UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ②他足够勇敢去忍受他遇到的任何不好的事情，坚持正确的事情。 ____________________ to put up with anything bad that came his way and stand up for what was right． He was brave enough UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．人物描写——历史评价 This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries． [仿写]完成句子 ①这些作品使卡森成为最著名和受人尊敬的科学作家之一。 These works made Carson _________________________________ ________________________________________________________． ②这使她成为技术行业最具影响力的20位拉丁裔之一。 This earned her recognition as __________________________ Latinos in the technology industry． one of the best-known and respected science writers one of the 20 most influential UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 1 pour vt．倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete． “非牛顿流体”是很奇怪的，因为你可以像倾倒一种液体一样把它倒出来，可是如果你给它施加任何压力，它突然就变得和混凝土一样坚硬。 互动探究·精研核心知识 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①pour in大量地涌入；蜂拥而至；倾泻 pour into不断地流进/大量地涌进；大量投入(金钱)于；倒入 pour out涌出；倒出；倾诉 pour down流下；(雨)倾盆而下 ②pour cats and dogs下瓢泼大雨/倾盆大雨 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Every time I felt down or defeated，my puppy would keep me company quietly and I would pour out all my inner thoughts to him． 每当我感到沮丧或受挫时，我的小狗都会安静地陪伴着我，我也会向它倾诉我内心的所有想法。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The rays of the sun poured ____ through the window，making the whole room bright suddenly． ②Mary poured ______ everything to me as if I were her best friend． ③(2022·全国甲卷)He ____________(pour) water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs． in out poured UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④这个孩子能一滴不洒就把果汁倒进杯子里。 The kid can __________________________without spilling it． ⑤外面下着倾盆大雨，所以你最好不要去爬泰山。 It ________________________ outside，so you had better not climb Mount Tai． pour the juice into the glass is pouring cats and dogs UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country． 不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要拥有自己的强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] break in强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break up分手；解散；拆开 break down (机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(精神等)崩溃；消除；失败 break through取得突破；克服，战胜 break away from突然挣脱；逃脱；甩掉 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] If a fight broke out，I didn't have to turn my head to know who had started it． 如果有人打架了，我不用转头就知道是谁挑起的。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 break out、happen、occur、take place等动词(短语)表示“发生”时，是不及物动词(短语)，不用于被动语态，不用于进行时。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 用适当的介词或副词填空/完成句子 ①I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken ____，for they seemed very happy together when I last saw them． ②Fortunately，under the guidance of teachers，she broke ________ from the trap of worthlessness． ③The computer system broke _______ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet． up away down UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④听说你家附近的森林发生了火灾，我很难过。 I'm sorry to hear that ________________ in the forest near your home． ⑤每次演出结束时，观众都爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，以表示对表演者的赞赏。 At the end of each performance，the audience _________________ ______________ to show their appreciation of the performers． a fire broke out broke into thunderous applause UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3 defend vt．保卫；防守；辩解 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country． 不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要拥有自己的强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①defend …from/against …保卫……免受……伤害；为……辩护，反驳…… defend oneself为自己辩护 defend sb．by …通过……为某人辩护 ②defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；答辩；防务 in defenc(s)e (of) 保护……；为……辩护 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] As far as I'm concerned，this activity should be carried out，because it gives us the power to defend us against tension and anxiety． 就我而言，这项活动应该进行，因为它给了我们力量来保护我们免受紧张和焦虑的困扰。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 与“defend …from/against …”结构相似的短语还有： ①prevent/stop/keep …from doing sth．阻止……做某事 ②protect …from/against …保护……免受……的伤害 ③discourage …from doing sth．阻止……做某事 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写 ①This medicine helps the body defend itself ___________ some kinds of infections． ②She defended _______(her) successfully in court． ③The strong walls of the castle served as a good ________(defend) against the attackers． against/from herself defence UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④Mr．Green stood up to defend the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one to blame． →Mr．Green stood up ______________ the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one to blame． in defence of UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4 assistant n．助理；助手 As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion … 在二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作…… UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①assist vt．& vi．帮助；协助；援助 assist sb．in (doing)/with sth．帮助某人(做)某事 ②assistance n．援助；帮助；支持 [写作佳句] (2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke． 杜克感叹道：“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和关切，这给我留下了深刻的印象。” UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I thought it was great that Renate，who lives in Germany，wanted to assist ______ my education． ②In a word，I hope I will be accepted as an _____________(assist) for Teenager Summer Camp． ③(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones ___________(assist) the crews' efforts． with assistant assisting UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④They made a promise—he was not to leave his chair or his bed without her ___________(assist)． ⑤我非常感谢我的英语老师，他帮助我起草了我的文章。 I am most grateful to my English teacher，___________________ _________________． assistance who assisted me in drafting my article UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 5 in charge of主管；掌管 He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme． 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①charge n．费用；价钱；主管；负责 take charge of掌管/负责 in/under the charge of sb．受某人的管理 free of charge＝for free 免费 ②charge vt．收费；控告；充电 charge sb．for sth．为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb．with (doing) sth．控告某人(做)某事 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] I feel greatly honoured to be in charge of your visit to our school next week． 我感到很荣幸负责您下周到我校的参观。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ①in charge of主管；掌管(表示主动含义) in/under the charge of sb．受某人的管理(表示被动含义) ②in possession of拥有；占有 in the possession of sb．被某人拥有/占有 ③in control of控制 in the control of被……控制 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①—I wonder how much you charge ______ your services． —The first two are free while the third costs $30． ②The man who was ___ charge of the shop was charged ________ selling fakes． ③在这三天里，他将自愿为有需要的人提供免费的园艺服务。 He'd be volunteering his garden services _____________________ for people in need during the three days． for in with free of charge/for free UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④格林小姐负责我们班。换句话说，我们班由格林小姐负责。 Miss Green is ____________ our class．In other words，our class is ________________ Miss Green． ⑤I'm writing to share my opinion about who should be in charge of children's lucky money． →I'm writing to share my opinion about who should ______________ children's lucky money． in charge of in the charge of take charge of UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 6 come down with患(病)；染上(小病) Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought． 患病致使他大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] come up走近；升起；被提出；发生 come up with提出 come about发生；产生 come across (偶然)遇见，发现；被理解 come out出来；出版；发行 come to来到(某地)；总计；达到 come to oneself恢复常态 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] On a cold，rainy day last week，Mr．Bill suddenly came down with a fever． 在上周一个寒冷的雨天，比尔先生突然发烧了。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with的主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 用适当的介词或副词填空/同义句改写 ①Bob came ________ with illness last night and is still under emergency treatment． ②Several new books will have come ______ by the end of next month． ③How did it come __________ that you didn't attend the important meeting yesterday afternoon? down out about UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④While riding his bike home on a cold night，he came _________ a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself． ⑤When I came ____ myself，I saw my parents and classmates． ⑥The designer says the idea came up after he watched people get wet on streets in Russia． →The designer says he _______________ the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia． across to came up with UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 7 above all最重要的是；尤其是 Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults． 最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] after all毕竟；终归 at all完全；全然 first of all首先 in all总计；总之 all in all总的来说 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Above all，I have experience of working well with children because I took part in similar camps twice when I was in college． 最重要的是，我有与孩子们融洽相处的经验，因为我在大学时参加过两次类似的度假营。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/用all的相关短语完成句子 ①All ____ all，words fail to express my thankfulness to you． ②毕竟，15分钟的锻炼比没有锻炼强。 _________，15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing． ③首先，确定你想从那个人那里得到什么。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________，decide what you want from that person． in After all First of all UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④这句话她一共说了三遍，声音一遍高过一遍。 She said this sentence three times _______，louder and louder． ⑤最重要的是，为了考上我理想中的大学，我已经下定决心要更加努力地学习。 _________，I've set my mind to study harder in order to go to my ideal university． in all Above all UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 8 shift n．改变；转换；轮班vi．& vt．转移；挪动；转向 Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest．(F) 由于个人兴趣的转变，钱学森改变了专业。(错误) UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①a shift in ………的转换 be on the night/day shift上夜/白班 ②shift to变换到；更替为 shift (sth．)from …to …(把某物)从……转移/变换/改变到…… shift attention/focus 转移注意力/焦点 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Joe listened，shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another． 乔听着，不安地从一只脚换到另一只脚。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people “corrected” official calendars by _________(shift) dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season． ②Her husband had taken on as many _______(shift) and extra duties as he could to make ends meet． shifting shifts UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ③To our great excitement，there has been a shift ____ my son's attitude towards his studies since the talk． ④我看了看墙上的钟，正好看到黑色的分针移到了数字6。 I looked at the wall clock just in time to see its black minute hand ________ the number six． ⑤我父亲明天上白班，所以他晚上可以和我们一起去七星公园。 My father _________________________ tomorrow，so he could go to the Seven Star Park with us in the evening． in shift to would be on the day shift UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than … Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen． 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] ①No garden in the town is more beautiful than his． 镇上没有哪个花园比他的花园更漂亮。 ②I have never felt so relieved in my life as I felt when we reached the town and the petrol station． 当我们到达小镇和加油站时，我此生从未感到如此轻松。 ③Trevor waved goodbye to me，giving me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else's． 特雷弗向我挥手告别，他看了我一眼，他的眼神比其他任何人都更坚定。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] 　英语中常用来表示最高级意义的结构还有： ③否定词＋ever＋ …＋so＋adj． UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 “否定式＋比较级”结构表示最高级含义。其中的“否定式”可以是名词短语的否定式、动词短语的否定式。 ①The food in that restaurant couldn't taste better． 那家餐馆里的食物味道好极了。 ②There is nothing more precious than our life in the world． 在这个世界上没有什么比我们的生命更宝贵的了。 ③No movie is so exciting and meaningful as this one． 没有哪部电影像这部一样既激动人心又意义非凡。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I decided to go with them，mainly because I had nothing _______(good) to do． ②我从来没有看到过如此壮观的梯田。 I ___________________ magnificent terraces before． ③我想我从来没有在某件事上如此努力过。 I don't think ________________________ on something． better have never seen such I've ever worked so hard UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④所以我们想邀请你加入我们，我们相信没有人比你更适合这个比赛。 So we'd like to invite you to join us and we do believe that there is ____________________ than you for this competition． ⑤如今，越来越多的人已经意识到，没有什么比健康更重要的了。 Nowadays，more and more people have realized that there is nothing __________________________． no one more suitable more important than health UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 课时梯级训练(三) 谢 谢 ①完成时＋never＋ ②比较级＋than＋ $$