Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (课件PPT)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (单元主题语境：人与社会——科学与科学家) Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 栏 目 索 引 自主落实·掌握语言知识 熟读精思·研读文本精华 互动探究·精研核心知识 Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．________ n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 2．___________ n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 3．_________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．_________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 5．__________ n．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 自主落实·掌握语言知识 pump household suspect blame handle UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 6．_____ n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7．____ adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 8．_________ n．减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 9．__________ n．[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 10．____________ n．显微镜 link raw decrease statistic microscope UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．_______ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地 2．frustrate vt.使沮丧；挫败→___________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustration n．懊恼；沮丧；受挫；阻止 3．contradict vt.相抵触；相矛盾；相反→____________ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradiction n．矛盾，对立；反驳 4．________ vt.使感染；传染→___________ n．感染；传染→infected adj.感染的→infectious adj.传染性的 severe frustrated contradictory infect infection UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 5．__________ vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订阅，订购 6．______ n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是 7．_________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；(使)繁殖 8．intervene vi.干扰；介入→_____________ n．介入；出面；干涉 9．_____adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净 subscribe proof multiple intervention pure UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 10．_____________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substantially adv.基本上；大体上 11．_____________ vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→transformation n．改变 substantial transform UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 动词加后缀-ion构成名词，后缀-ion表示“……行为；……状态”。 frustrate→frustration　 infect→infection contradict→contradiction　 collect→collection UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅲ.短语互译 1．照料；注意 ___________ 2．生孩子 ____________ 3．最终地；彻底地 __________________ 4．总之，通常；一般而言 _____________ 5．同意；赞同 _____________ 6．该受责备的；应负责任的 _____________ 7．幸亏；由于 __________ attend to give birth once and for all in general subscribe to be to blame thanks to UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 8．in the early 19th century ____________ 9．die from ____ 10．find out __________ 11．as a result of __________ 12．in time ______________________ 在19世纪初 死于 查明；找出 由于；因为 经过一段时间之后；及时 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：so ...that ...如此……以至于…… 教材原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 翻译：________________________________________________ _______________ 他发现霍乱疫情在两条特定的街道上尤为严重，10天内 就有500多人死亡。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．句型：by doing sth.作方式状语 教材原句：Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 翻译：_________________________________________________ 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3．句型：It seems/seemed that ...似乎…… 教材原句：It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 翻译：______________________________________________________ _____________ 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里 打水送到她家。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4．句型：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 翻译：___________________________________________________ 因此，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 熟读精思·研读文本精华 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ❶ until引导时间状语从句；how引导宾语从句。 ❷ when引导的定语从句修饰先行词the early 19th century。 In general⑪，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was ❸ that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water．Snow subscribed to⑫ the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof.Consequently⑬，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate.He discovered ❹ that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days．He was determined to find⑭ out why. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ❸ that引导表语从句。 ❹ 第一个that引导宾语从句；从句中使用了“so ...that ...”结构，引导结果状语从句。 ❺ Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40).However，some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ❻that the water pump⑮ was to blame⑯.What is more⑰，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from⑱ Broad Street.❼It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of⑲ this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly，❽he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used．Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks⑳. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ❺句中“by marking ...”作方式状语；where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the exact places；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。 ❻that引导宾语从句。 ❼“It seemed that ...”表示“似乎……”；“so ...that ...”引导结果状语从句。 ❽主句中使用了“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语(have sth.done让人做某事)”的结构；so that引导目的状语从句。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 The truth was ❾ that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by㉑ waste．Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames ⑩that was polluted by raw waste．⑪The people who drank this water were much more likely to get㉒ cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ❾ that引导表语从句。 ⑩that引导的定语从句修饰先行词water。 ⑪两个who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词The people和those。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Through Snow's tireless efforts㉓，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world㉔ saw a substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to㉕ the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，⑫Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases．For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ⑫scientists study diseases是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ◆难词注解 ①used to do sth.过去常常做某事 ②one of the most feared diseases最令人恐惧的疾病之一 ③an outbreak of cholera一场霍乱的暴发 ④millions of数百万 ⑤die from死于 ⑥rise to become ...晋升为…… ⑦attend to照料；注意 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ⑧give birth生孩子 ⑨never lost one's desire to do sth.某人从未失去做某事的欲望/愿望 ⑩once and for all最终地；彻底地 ⑪in general总的来说 ⑫subscribe to同意；赞同 ⑬consequently adv.因此；所以 ⑭be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事 ⑮pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 water pump水泵 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ⑯be to blame该受责备的；应负责任的 ⑰what is more此外；而且 ⑱move away from从……搬走 ⑲as a result of因为；由于 ⑳stop ...in one's tracks使……停止脚步；使……不再移动 ㉑be infected by被……感染 ㉒be likely to do sth.可能做某事 ㉓through one's tireless efforts通过某人的不懈努力 ㉔around the world全世界 ㉕thanks to幸亏；由于 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 参考译文 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。在19世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃根除霍乱的愿望。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时的医生大体上有两种相互矛盾的看法。一种看法是空气污染导致霍乱，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条特定的街道上尤为严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。宽街水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无死亡病例。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此他们没有喝水泵抽上来的水。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬走后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水送到她家。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布从水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。因此，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。有些公司出售的水取自被未经处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是个问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，并有许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The text is mainly about ___________________________________． ►主旨匹配 (　　)Para.1　A．John Snow began his study by marking on a map and Snow's study process. (　　)Para.2　B．John Snow decided to prove the second theory. how John Snow defeated “King Cholera” D B UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 (　　)Para.3　C．John Snow's contributions. (　　)Para.4　D．John Snow desired to destroy cholera. (　　)Para.5　E．The truth of the infection of cholera. A E C UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ►细节探究 1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe？(　　) A．A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. B．People got cholera due to polluted food or water. C．People got infected with cholera because of polluted air. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. B UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．How did John Snow find out the cause of the disease？ (　　) A．By living in the area where cholera broke out. B．By marking a map where all the dead people had lived. C．By telling the terrified people how to prevent it． D．By saving the dying people suffering from cholera． 3．What was to blame for the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854？(　　) A．Polluted water．　　 B．The water companies． C．Beer out of date． D．Polluted air． B A UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4．Which of the following best describes John Snow？ (　　) A．Selfish and creative． B．Expert and curious． C．Careless and knowledgeable． D．Determined and casual． B UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 In the early 19th century，1．________ a severe cholera hit Europe，John Snow became 2．_____________(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．3．______ he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all．Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera 4．___________(cause) by an 5．____________(infect) from germs in food or water．Snow began by 6．______________(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived．As 7．_____ result，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 8．__________(carry) cholera germs． when frustrated But was caused infection marking a carried UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 9．___________(according)，he had the handle of the pump 10．_________(remove) so that it could not be used．Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks． Accordingly removed UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅲ．教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．hit ①In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease． __________ ②He hit his head on the low ceiling． ______ ③I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before，and then it suddenly hit me． __________ 侵袭；危害 碰；撞 使突然想起 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．rise ①In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth． ______________________________ ②The river has risen (by) several metres． ____ ③He was accustomed to rising early． ____ 变得更加成功(或重要、强大等) 上升 起床 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3．free ①They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump． ______ ②Students have a free choice of courses in their final year． ______ ③These exercises help free the body of tension． ____________________ 免费的 自由的 解除(或去除、清除) UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 Ⅳ．教材续写积累 1．心理描写——坚定意志 He was determined to find out why． [仿写]完成句子 ①法拉第没有放弃，决心要获得成功。 Faraday didn't give up and __________________________． ②从那时起，他下定决心成为一名科学家，并一直专注于自己的目标。 From then on，he __________________________________ and remained focused on his goal． (was)determined to succeed was determined to become a scientist UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2．动作描写——请别人做某事 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day． [仿写]单句填空/完成句子 ①I had it __________(ship) in a container before surprising my father on Father's Day． ②她的头发剪得太短了，不过她并不在意。 She _________________ really short，but she didn't mind． shipped had her hair cut UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 互动探究·精研核心知识 1 once and for all最终地；彻底地 However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all． 然而，他始终没有放弃根除霍乱的愿望。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] all at once突然 at once马上；立刻；同时 once more再一次；又一次 once and again一而再；再三 once upon a time 从前；很久以前 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] It is time we dealt with this issue once and for all． 是我们彻底处理这个问题的时候了。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①Why did she do that experiment once ______ again? ②Then，they started working ____ once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor． and at UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ③爸爸开车送彼得去学校时，彼得又仔细地复习了一下每个单词的拼写。 Peter reviewed the spelling of each word carefully _________ when Dad drove him to school． ④很久以前，当我还在上学的时候，我最好的朋友在星期六的深夜打电话给我，邀请我第二天参加她的生日聚会。 __________________ when I was in school，my best friend called me late night on Saturday to invite me to her birthday party the next day． once more Once upon a time UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ⑤通过她的不懈努力，这个问题最终被彻底解决了。 Through her tireless efforts，the matter was finally settled __________________． ⑥Suddenly，I realized that even a small kindness can also make a difference． ___________ 2 subscribe vi．认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)；定期捐款 Snow subscribed to the second theory． 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 once and for all All at once UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅；捐款 subscribe ．．．to ．．．把……签署在……上 ②subscription n．定期捐款；订阅 [写作佳句] I hope you will subscribe to our website，which will contribute to your physical and mental health． 希望大家订阅我们的网站，这将有助于你们的身心健康。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①If you subscribe ____ this newspaper，you'll get an extra magazine． ②They sent a letter of _____________ (subscribe) and two weeks later，a small package arrived in the mail． ③他定期向一家慈善机构捐款。 He ___________________． ④More and more members tended to accept his point of view that they should go on with their experiment． ___________ to subscription subscribes to a charity subscribe to UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 3 spect vt．& vi．怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame． 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 [要点突破] suspect sb．of (doing) sth．怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect … to be …怀疑……是…… suspect (that) …怀疑……；猜想…… UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] If you suspect a gas leak，do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light． 假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 盘点“v．＋sb．＋of＋sth．”句型的其他常用结构 ①inform sb．of sth．通知某人某事 ②warn sb．of sth．提醒/警告某人某事 ③cure sb．of sth．治好某人的病 ④remind sb．of sth．提醒某人某事；使某人回忆起某事 ⑤rid sb．of sth．使某人摆脱某事 ⑥convince sb．of sth．使某人相信某事 ⑦accuse sb．of sth．因某事指责/指控某人 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①The drug is suspected ____ causing over 200 deaths． ②他们怀疑他是一个间谍。 They suspected him __________． ③我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。 I began to suspect _____________________________________． to to be a spy (that) they were trying to get rid of me UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④He suspected nothing and walked right into the trap． →___________________，he walked right into the trap．(分词作状语) Suspecting nothing UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 4 blame vt．把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame． 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 [要点突破] ①blame sb．for sth．/doing sth．为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth．on sb．把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备 ②put/lay the blame for sth．on sb．将某事归咎于某人 take the blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] We should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others． 我们应该反省自己，而不是把责任推到别人身上。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①Mrs．Lee is blaming her son ______ his lying to his teacher． ②They blamed the failure ____ Johnson，which made him very angry． ③They think the blame should be put ____ the taxi driver． for on on UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④考试作弊是一种不诚实的冒险行为，应受到谴责和惩罚。 Cheating in the examination，a dishonest and risky behavior，____________________ and punished． ⑤He blamed the failure of his exam on himself． →He _________________________________of his exam．(blame …for) →He _______________________________ of his exam on himself．(blame n．) should be to blame blamed himself for the failure put/laid the blame for the failure UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 5 link n．联系；纽带；链接 vt．把……连接起来；相关联 Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London． 此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①link …to/with …将……和……联系/连接起来 link up (with …) (与……)连接/结合 ②a link between A and B　A与B之间的联系 a link with …与……的联系 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Additionally，don't click on unfamiliar links so as to keep yourself away from potential dangers． 此外，不要点击不熟悉的链接，从而使自己远离潜在的危险。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①A new road would be needed to link up ______ the main road． ②But the inside space of the museum will have __________(link) with traditional Chinese architecture． ③The Guangxi-Guizhou railroad links Liuzhou _________ Guiyang． with links with/to UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④听到伊迪丝提出的方法，马修同意了，并帮助她把他的自行车和音乐盒连接起来。 Hearing the method that Edith offered，Mathew agreed and helped her to _______________________________． ⑤有强有力的证据证明锻炼和心脏健康之间有联系。 There is strong evidence of __________________________________． link his bike with/to the music box a link between exercise and heart health UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 6 decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt．& vi．(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease． 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①a decrease in … ……的减少 on the decrease在减少 ②decrease by减少了(表示减少的量) decrease from …to … 从……减少到……(表示减少后的数量) [写作佳句] Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health，leading to a decrease in learning efficiency． 睡眠不足会影响我们的健康，导致学习效率下降。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Recently the prices of the houses in many cities have decreased ____ 10%． ②(2021·北京卷)Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease ____ positive emotions． ③The area of glaciers in this region had decreased from 21．6 square kilometres in 1850 ____ just 7．4 square kilometres in 1979． by in to UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④随着经济的发展，贫困人口的数量正在减少。 The number of the poor is ________________ as the economy is growing． 7 thanks to幸亏；由于 Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow． 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 on the decrease UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] (1)thanks to是介词短语，其后常接名词。 (2)其他表示原因的短语： ①because of、on account of、as a result of常作状语，通常置于句首或句末； ②due to、owing to在句中作状语或表语。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Thanks to Rose's quick action，Linda recovered with little health problems，and she never forgot Rose． 多亏了罗丝的迅速行动，琳达康复了，几乎没有什么健康问题，她永远忘不了罗丝。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 短语 状语 表语 定语 说明 thanks to √ × × 指好的方面 owing to √ √ × 可与due to互换 due to √ √ √ 一般不放在句首 because of √ × × 着重指某个结果的原因 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①His father didn't agree at first，but later he agreed ____ account of his insistence． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Short writings missed ____ a result of an excused absence will be accepted． ③Guangxi has various traditional festivals and celebrations thanks ____ its diverse ethnic groups． on as to UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④多亏了现代技术，我们很容易与朋友和家人保持联系。 ___________________________，it is easy for us to keep in touch with our friends and family． ⑤The ice in the Arctic has melted as a result of global warming． →The ice in the Arctic has melted _________________________ global warming． Thanks to modern technology due to/owing to/because of UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 8 transform vt．使改观；使改变形态vi．改变；转变 Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases． 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①transform …into …把……变成…… transform sb．/sth．from …into …把某人/某物从……变成…… ②transformation n．(彻底的)变化，转变，改革 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future． 考虑到人工智能具有改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 “把……变成……”的其他表达 ①turn …into … ②change …into … ③make …into … ④develop …into … UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①Your generous help and tender care have transformed my first Guilin trip _____ an unforgettable memory． ②To accelerate the green ______________(transform)，China has set up many projects aimed at expanding the area of forests． ③My brother came to this world that day．From that moment on，my life ________________(transform)． into transformation was transformed UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④年轻时的奋斗经历把艾莉丝从一个柔弱的女孩变成了一位自信、独立的女士。 Eilis' struggles when she was young ______________________________ ________________________________________． ⑤The Internet has changed the world into a global village，altering all aspects of our life，especially education． _____________ transformed her from a weak girl into a confident，and independent woman transformed UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 1 so …that …如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days． 他发现霍乱疫情在两条特定的街道上尤为严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] ①(2024·北京卷)The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me． 这个梦感觉如此真实，它震撼了我。 ②These are such heavy stones that nobody can move them away． 这些石头很重，谁也搬不开。 ③There are so many unique snacks in Sichuan that we linger and forget to return． 四川的特色小吃如此之多，以至于我们流连忘返。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] (1)“so …that …”的基本句式 ①so＋形容词或副词＋that从句 ②so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句 ③so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that从句 ④so＋much/little(少的)＋不可数名词＋that从句 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 (2)“such …that …”的基本句式 ①such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句 ②such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that从句 ③such＋形容词＋复数名词＋that从句 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 当so/such置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①As a result，learning occurs in such an efficient way ________ gaining knowledge is easier than ever． ②It made me feel ____ much better that from then on I began to listen to music frequently． that so UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ③I made a mistake of giving you the one-hundred-dollar bill，but you are such ____ honest and kind girl that you did not keep it． ④见到他我太激动了，给了他一个大大的拥抱。 I was _________________________ I gave him a huge hug． ⑤The city is developing so fast that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow． →____________________________ that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow．(so置于句首) so excited to see him that So fast is the city developing an UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 2 It seems/seemed that …似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day． 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水送到她家。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] ①It seemed that all the people respected the famous doctor． 似乎所有人都很尊敬这位名医。 ②When we heard the folk song duet，it seemed as if we had seen Liu Sanjie． 当我们听到山歌对唱的时候，我们好像看到了刘三姐。 ③The boss seemed to have known the truth of the incident． 老板似乎已经知道了这件事的真相。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①It seems/seemed as if …看起来好像…… ②seem to be＋adj．/n．看起来好像…… ③There seems/seemed to be …看起来似乎有…… seem后可跟to do/to be doing/to have done，分别表示“似乎要做……/正在做……/已经做了……”。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①When I entered his room，he seemed _________(do) his homework． ②I bought this blouse here last week，but there seems ____(be) something wrong with it． ③表面上，这些人好像在生活中非常幸运。 On the surface，these people seem _______________ in their life． to be doing to be to be very lucky UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 ④看起来好像所有人都知道了真相。 It seemed ________________________________． ⑤It seemed that he was working in the garden when the accident happened． →He ____________________ in the garden when the accident happened． as if everyone had known the truth seemed to be working UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 高中英语　选择性必修　第二册　R 返回导航 课时梯级训练(一) 谢 谢 Ⅰ.原文释译 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera used to be① one of the most feared diseases② in the world，❶ until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome．This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，❷ when an outbreak of cholera③ hit Europe，millions of ④ people died from⑤ the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time，he rose to become⑥ a famous doctor，and even attended to⑦ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑧.However，he never lost his desire to destroy⑨ cholera once and for all⑩. $$