课时梯级训练(4) Section Ⅳ Writing(Word练习)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(四) 　Section Ⅳ　Writing Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025·中山高二检测)The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G．Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Louis E．Brus of Columbia University，and Alexei I．Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc.in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots(量子点). The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery，according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences，which awards several of the prizes each year.The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio­imaging. Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning，Bawendi offered a stream of reactions：“Shocked.Sleepy.Very unexpected.And very honored.” In a rare event，the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement.But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep，so he didn't hear anything about it. Quantum dots are particles(粒子) that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties.For example，blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material，with the only difference being the size of the particle itself.(The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.) In fact，changing the size can alter(改变) many different properties beyond just color，which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications，including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight. The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor(close to $995，000) in equal parts.This is the third science­focused Nobel Prize to be awarded this week.On Tuesday，the physics prize was awarded to Anne L'Huillier，Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz.And on Monday，Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine. Officials plan to announce the literature prize on Thursday，followed by the peace prize on Friday.The economics prize will be awarded on Monday. 1．How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning? A．Angry. B．Surprised. C．Bored. D．Sorry. 2．What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones? A．The size of the particles. B．The difference in materials. C．The change in shapes. D．The variety of applications. 3．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to? A．The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics. B．The 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine. C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature. D．The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 4．What is the text? A．A short story. B．A diary entry. C．A news report. D．A research article. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予麻省理工学院教授Moungi G．Bawendi、哥伦比亚大学教授Louis E．Brus和美国纳米晶体科技公司科学家Alexei I．Ekimov，以表彰他们在“发现和合成量子点”方面的贡献。文章介绍了他们的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段“Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning，Bawendi offered a stream of reactions：‘Shocked.Sleepy.Very unexpected.And very honored.’”可知，在周三清晨接到电话时，Bawendi感到惊讶。故选B。 2．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example，blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material，with the only difference being the size of the particle itself.”可知，粒子大小的差异导致了蓝色量子点和红色量子点之间颜色的差异。故选A。 3．D　[解析]代词指代题。根据画线词前“The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor(close to $995，000) in equal parts.”可知，这三位科学家将平分1 100万瑞典克朗(接近99.5万美元)的奖金。故This指的是2023年诺贝尔化学奖。故选D。 4．C　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了三位科学家的研究及其获奖情况。由此推断，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Qian Xuesen，or Tsien Hsue­shen (19112009)，was a Chinese mathematician，aerospace engineer，and physicist 1.__________ made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics(空气动力学). After 2.__________(graduate) from a high school in Beijing，Qian 3.__________(admit) into Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1929.In August 1935，Qian left China to study mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) on a scholarship，4.__________ he obtained a Master of Science degree after one year. Later，Qian left for the California Institute of Technology(Caltech) and studied under Theodore von Karman，who was regarded as 5.__________ outstanding aerodynamic theoretician(理论家) of the 20th century.6.__________(short) after arriving at Caltech，Qian was involved 7.__________ rocket­related experiments at a laboratory at Caltech.He received his doctor's degree from Caltech in 1939. During World War Ⅱ，Qian helped prepare an 8.__________(analyse) of the German rocket program for the US. However，Qian had difficulty adjusting to American culture and his strong personal attachment to China caused suspicions(怀疑).Through a series of efforts，Qian was ultimately allowed 9.__________(return) to China with his wife and kids several years later.To his surprise，what he received in China was a hero's welcome from the Chinese government. He earned the title“the father of China's aerospace”，because he personally trained the first generation of China's aerospace engineers.Qian's loyalty to China and his 10.__________(devote) to the revitalization(复兴) of China made him a well­respected scientist in the history of China. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了伟大科学家钱学森的生平。 1．who　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：钱学森是中国数学家、航空航天工程师和物理学家，他在空气动力学领域作出了重大贡献。空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词指人，故填who。 2．graduating　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森从北京的某所高中毕业后，在1929年被上海交通大学录取。空格处是介词宾语，要用动名词。故填graduating。 3．was admitted　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意见上题解析。本句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时，由于admit与主语Qian是被动关系，因此空格处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was admitted。 4．where　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：1935年8月，钱学森离开中国，到麻省理工学院学习机械工程。一年后，他获得了理学硕士学位。空格处是定语从句的关系词，在句中作状语，先行词是 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)，故填where。 5．an　[解析]考查冠词。句意：后来，钱学森前往美国加州理工学院，师从20世纪杰出的空气动力学的理论家Theodore von Karman。此处泛指“一位杰出的空气动力学的理论家”，要用不定冠词修饰。outstanding以元音音素开头，因此要用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．Shortly　[解析]考查副词。句意：在到达加州理工学院不久，钱学森就参与了学院实验室里的火箭相关实验。根据语境，此处表示“不久”，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Shortly。 7．in　[解析]考查介词。句意见上题解析。be involved in为固定短语，意为“参与”。故填in。 8．analysis　[解析]考查名词。句意：在第二次世界大战期间，钱学森帮助美国准备了一份德国火箭计划的分析报告。此处用名词作宾语，故填analysis。 9．to return　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：通过一系列的努力，几年后钱学森最终被允许带着妻子和孩子回到中国。allow sb.to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法。故填to return。 10．devotion　[解析]考查名词。句意：钱学森对祖国的忠诚和他对中国的复兴的奉献使他成为中国历史上深受尊敬的科学家。根据空格前形容词性物主代词his可知，设空处要用名词。故填devotion。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 你校英文报正在征集主题为“Scientific Spirit”的文章，请你选取科学家必备精神的一个方面，并结合某一个科学家的具体事例写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．科学精神； 2．举例说明； 3．你的感悟。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Scientific Spirit ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Scientific Spirit When we talk about the scientific spirit，there are many aspects we should evaluate.Personally，the most important spirit is being patriotic(爱国的). Patriotism is the most natural feeling for a citizen.Qian Xuesen，for example，left America and returned to China when his country needed him.He helped develop the Chinese aerospace program and made extraordinary contributions.It was actually his patriotism that made him try his best to return to his motherland. In conclusion，patriotism is what inspires scientists to devote themselves to scientific career. Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 There is no school equal to a decent(体面的) home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent. There are two typical examples：Edison's mother and our mother.As you all know，Thomas Edison is one of the most outstanding scientists and inventors in the world.Unbelievably，young Tom was in school for only three months.It is said that he liked to ask strange questions，many of which have nothing to do with learning.His teacher didn't understand why he had so many strange questions.He didn't want to teach Tom any more.He asked Tom's mother to take the boy home.Tom's mother taught him to read and write，and she found him to be a very good pupil.He learned very fast and became very interested in science.It was she who played an important role in Edison's growth.Although we can't compare with Edison，our mother played a more important role in our growth than his mother.Our dad was an English teacher who taught high school students.For many years，he had been cautious and conscientious(认真的) towards work.Mom stayed home and homeschooled their four children.Three of us had no trouble in learning but my sister Catherine still could not read by fifth grade，and worse still，did not even know the alphabet(字母表). My mother did some research and found that Catherine had some sort of learning disability.She sent Catherine to a public school to get some help.Catherine made many friends at school and amazed everyone with her gift for telling creative stories in class，but she still couldn't master reading skills.After all the testing was done，the school had my parents come in.They were told that based on the test results，they should just take Catherine home，which was very similar to Edison's experience.However，the biggest difference is that Edison was not stupid，and my sister really had learning disabilities. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： Tears of sadness ran down my dad's cheeks._____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： In time，Catherine got it.____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Tears of sadness ran down my dad's cheeks. However，my mom's jaw was set in quiet determination.As they walked back to the car，she turned to him and said，“I know she's not stupid.”Soon after，my mom discovered a learning system that focused heavily on lesson repetition and building slowly on the previous exercises.She worked with Catherine for four hours every morning while the rest of us studied on our own.It was hard for both of them，but she often told crying Catherine，“Failure is not an option.You are going to learn to read，and we'll both try! You have to learn to read! You will learn to read.” Paragraph 2： In time，Catherine got it. By the time she graduated from eighth grade，she was reading almost at grade level.She continued improving and was reading above grade level when she graduated from high school.Catherine came to love reading and writing.She became a very famous writer.A number of wonderful novels were published all over the country.Many of her major works were popular with the public and some books were translated into other languages.All of this was because of a wonderfully devoted mother who was absolutely the best teacher ever—for all four of us. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$