Unit 5 Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册课程探究与巩固Word教参（人教版2019）

Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures(见学生用书P183) ——限制性定语从句(2)(where，when，why，介词＋which/whom) 1．When I started studying German, it was a struggle.当我开始学习德语时，这可是一件难事。(教材P64) 　struggle (1)n. 难事；斗争；奋斗；搏斗 be a struggle (for sb)(对某人而言)是困难/费劲的事 (2)vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力 struggle for．..　努力争取……；为……而奋斗 struggle against/with．.. 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 [活学活用] (1)新译林必修第一册Adapted from Kathryn Forbes's Mama's Bank Account, which has 17 short stories and describes the struggles and dreams of a family in San Francisco in the early 1900s. 改编自凯瑟琳·福布斯的《妈妈的银行账户》，该书有17个短篇故事，描述了20世纪初旧金山一个家庭的奋斗和梦想。 (2)As the economy is in decline, many families are __struggling__to__ make ends meet. 由于经济衰退，许多家庭都在努力维持生计。 (3)单句语法填空 ①We have to struggle __for__ our lives with/against all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad. ②Though he was badly injured, Lin Tao struggled__to__ his feet and dialled 119. ③It is __a__ struggle to get out of bed every morning for some students. (1)To her parents' delight, she never gave up and struggled to live an active life. 令她父母高兴的是，她从未放弃，努力过着积极的生活。 (2)Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance. 尽管她很虚弱，她还是挣扎着站了起来，继续寻找帮助。 2．It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。(教材P64) 　(1)“the＋比较级， the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，通常用一般时代替将来时；第二个“the＋比较级”相当于主句，通常用将来时。 (2)the more．..the less．..　越……，就越不…… the more．..the better．.. ……越多，……就越好 [活学活用] (1)They found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became. 他们发现，人们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，他们就变得越不快乐。 (2)The more patients seek treatments, the more scientists will learn about depression, and the __better__ the treatments will get. 寻求治疗方法的患者越多，科学家对抑郁症的了解就越多，治疗方法也会变得越好。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越努力学习，你取得的进步就越大。 3．I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language，and I could see the world from a different point of view.我终于可以用这门外语思考并可以从一个不同的角度看世界。(教材P64) 　 [活学活用] (1)新北师必修第二册 Read the passage and find out each person's __point__of__view__． 阅读短文，找出每个人的观点。 (2)I respect your __point__of__view__， but it doesn't necessarily mean that I completely agree with you. 我尊重你的观点，但是这并不一定意味着我完全同意你的观点。 In my opinion/view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through these activities. ＝As far as I'm concerned, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through these activities. ＝From my point of view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through these activities. 在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。 语法梳理 读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的作用。 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3．I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken. 4．I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up. 5．And I remember that day when I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. 6．．.. it was a time when people were divided geographically．.. 我的发现： 1．第5、6句中，关系副词when在定语从句中作__时间__状语。 2．第2、3句中，关系副词where在定语从句中作__地点__状语。 3．第1、4句中，关系副词why在定语从句中作__原因__状语。 探究点1：关系副词的用法 关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；在不同语境中等同于“介词in/at/on/during＋which”。 I still remember the day when(＝on which) I first went to the Great Wall. 我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。 People in China will never forget the year when(＝in which) the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it. 在中国，人们永远不会忘记病毒肆虐，医生们勇敢地与之斗争的那一年。 2．(1)where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语； 在不同语境中等同于“介词in/at＋which”。 The house where(＝in which) I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。 He is now working in the factory where(＝in which) his father worked. 现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。 (2)where还可引导定语从句修饰表示抽象地点意义的名词，如situation、stage、point、case、position、condition等。 The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。 Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者未能恰当使用英语的情况。 He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 他让自己陷入了危险的境地，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。 3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语；等同于“介词for＋which”，先行词通常是reason。 The reason why(＝for which) he succeeded in the exam was that he studied very hard. 他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。 The reason why(＝for which) he turned down my invitation was that he was otherwise engaged. 他拒绝我的邀请的原因是他另有安排。 [活学活用] 用适当的关系副词填空 (1)I want to know the reason __why__ you didn't keep me informed of the news before. (2)The factory __where__ his father works is located in the east of the city. (3)He arrived in Beijing on the day __when__ I happened to leave. 探究点2：关系代词与关系副词的用法区别 选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词，如果缺的是状语，就用关系副词。 1．先行词是时间 I will never forget the days when we had a good time on the beach. 我永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。(从句缺状语，故用when ) I will never forget the days (which/that) we spent together on the beach. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的那些日子。(从句缺宾语，故用which或that) 2．先行词是地点 The mountain village where I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look. 我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。(从句缺状语，故用where ) The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look. 我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。(从句缺宾语，故用which或that) 3．先行词是reason The reason why he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way. 他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。(从句缺状语，故用why ) The reason (which/that) he gave for his being late for work was that he had an accident on the way. 他给出的上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。(从句缺宾语，故用which或that) [活学活用] 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 (1)In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring, __which__ is the time of year__when__things in nature start to grow after a long winter. (2)Do you still remember the days __which/that/不填__ we spent together in school? I still remember the day __when__ I first met Jennifer. (3)The reason__why__ she didn't pass the test is__that__ she was too nervous. 探究点3：介词＋关系代词 “介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom(指人)，即“介词＋which/whom”，并且关系代词不能省略。 1．介词的选择 (1)“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择遵循“一先，二动，三意义”原则。 ①“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。 The factory in which I'm working mainly produces computers. 我工作的工厂主要生产电脑。 (in which代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。) ②“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。 This is the book 这就是我花10元钱买的那本书。 ③“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher. 我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。 (2)介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. 英语是一种由多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。 (3)“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号将其与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。 (1)定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，如listen to、look at、look for、look after、 look into、depend on、make use of、pay attention to、take care of、send for等。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 护士们照看的婴儿很健康。 The doctor whom you sent for has not come. 你派人去请的那个医生还没来。 (2)“介词＋关系代词”可与whose转换。 She will talk to the employees, the reports of whom(＝whose reports) haven't met the standards. 她将会找那些报告没达标的员工谈话。 The house，the roof of which(＝whose roof)was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. 那所房子的屋顶在可怕的大火中被烧毁了，现在已经修好了。 (3)“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同。 His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快就探出窗外，从那儿除了树木他什么也没看见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) He hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps clearly. 他躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到脚步声。(from where相当于from behind the door，而不是from the door) 2．关系代词的选择 “介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不可用who或that；先行词指物时，关系代词用which，不能用that。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。 The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what was happening outside. 那个淘气的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到外面发生的事情。 [活学活用] 用适当的关系词填空 (1)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of __which__ has been proved. (2)The old man has two sons, both of __whom__ are lawyers studying abroad now. (3)My computer, without __which__ I can't surf the Internet, broke down yesterday. (4)He had a fever，because of __which__ he didn't come to work. (5)The toys were handed out on Children's Day, the price of __which__ (＝whose price) ranges from 65 yuan to 115 yuan. Ⅰ.用适当的关系副词填空 1．Our pace was slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends(拐弯) through deep valleys, __where__ the water seemed to boil. 2．The reason__why__ he is always making the same mistake is that he never follows others' advice. 3．We have reached a stage__where__ we must take effective measures to protect the environment from being polluted. 4．I'll never forget the day __when__ I won first prize in the 100－metre race in school. 5．Life is like a long race __where__ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 6．Occasions are quite rare __when__ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 7．Nobody can take command of the situation __where__ everything is in a mess. 8．Mankind has entered the AI era, __when__ robots are used in ordinary life, bringing great convenience to people. 9．I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place __where__ you may spend your weekend. 10．In English class, our teacher often creates an environment __where__ we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves. Ⅱ.介词＋关系代词 1．The main reason, for __which__ he lost his job, was that he drank too much. 2．Sports, without __which__ you may be weak, mean a lot in life. 3．This is the pilot with __whom__ my brother has worked for ten years. 4．I should say thanks to my dear friends, without __whose__ help I wouldn't have achieved such great success. 5．His theory is the basis on __which__ many theories about education are built. 6．Self－driving is an area in__which__ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 7．Next month，during__which__ we will spend our winter holidays in our home town, is approaching. Ⅲ.易错辨析 1．I'll never forget the day__that/which/不填__ I spent with you on the farm. 2．I'll never forget the day __when__ I worked with you on the farm. 3．He works in the factory__that/which/不填__ I visited last year. 4．He works in the factory __where__ these bikes are made. 5．The reason __why__ he didn't come yesterday is that he was ill. 6．I don't believe the reason __that/which/不填__ he gave for his absence from the meeting. 7．Is this factory the one __that__ you visited yesterday? 8．Is this the factory __that/which/不填__ you visited yesterday? 9．The old man has three sons, one of __whom__ is a teacher. 10．The old man has three sons, and one of __them__ is a teacher. 11．He is such a good teacher __as__ we all like. 12．He is such a good teacher__that__ we all like him. 13．This is the way __that/which__ was used to solve the problem. 14．This is the way__that/不填/in__which__ he solved the problem. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业28　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$