Unit 4 Period Ⅳ Reading for Writing-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册课程探究与巩固PPT课件（人教版2019）

Unit 4　Natural Disasters Period Ⅳ　Reading for Writing ——如何写概要 自主梳理 自学扫障碍 1．___________/kræʃ/ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n._______________ 2．___________/swiːp/ vt. & vi.(_________，__________)打扫；清扫 __________________消灭；彻底消除 3．____________/weɪv/n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 4．____________/straɪk/ vi.& vt. (__________， __________/___________)侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击 5．__________/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/vt. & vi.递送；传达vt.发表→delivery /dɪˈlɪvəri/n. crash 撞车；碰撞 sweep swept swept sweep away wave strike struck struck stricken deliver 自主梳理 自学扫障碍 递送；传送；演讲方式 6．________________/ˈsʌməri/ n．总结；概括；概要→summarise /ˈsʌməraɪz/ v．总结；概述 7．__________/ɪˈfekt/ n．影响；结果；效果→effective/ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的 8．__________/leŋθ/ n．长；长度→lengthen /ˈleŋθən/ v．(使)延长；(使)加长   summary effect length 教材深读 研文悟写法 Step 1　Pre－writing 1．What is a tsunami? What causes it? What damage will it cause to humans? _________ 2．What is this text? ______________________ 略。 A news report. 教材深读 研文悟写法 Step 2　While－writing 1．输入为先，阅读梳理文脉 Task 1：文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇 What's the news report about? Where can we locate the main idea? The news report is mainly about _________________________. Usually ______________ of a report suggests the main idea. a tsunami in Asia the title 教材深读 研文悟写法 Task 2：文本细节理解，学习特色表达 Read the text and choose the best answer. (　　)(1)What caused the tsunami? A．A hurricane.　 B．A typhoon. C．A flood. D．An earthquake. D 教材深读 研文悟写法 (　　)(2)What was the magnitude of the earthquake that happened on 27 December 2004? A．7.0. B．9.0. C．7.5. D．6.0. B 教材深读 研文悟写法 (　　)(3)Which of the following is NOT true? A．The tsunami caused many deaths and millions of people were affected. B．In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths reached over 2，000. C. In Thailand, 54 were found dead and as many as 1，900 people were hurt. D. In India, as many as 1，900 people were reported to have been killed. C 教材深读 研文悟写法 (　　)(4)Why were food and supplies hard to deliver? A．Because there was not enough food and supplies. B．Because rescue teams dared not to go. C．Because conditions were dangerous and roads were destroyed. D．Because governments didn't organise rescue teams. C 教材深读 研文悟写法 2．细读课文，关注表达策略 • 学结构 1．第一段(Lead paragraph)从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时间、地点及破坏程度，包括新闻报道的几个基本要素，各句之间衔接紧凑，逻辑清晰。 2．第二、三段从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏以及救援遇到的困难，用举例子、列数字、作比较等手法，使得该报道更详实、更精确和更有说服力。 教材深读 研文悟写法 • 学表达 1．第一段第二句中用“were swept away”形象地表达出了海啸造成破坏的严重程度。第一句中使用了 that 引导的定语从句(that crashed into coastlines．..)以及现在分词短语作状语(killing more than 6，500 people．..)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语(caused by the strong earthquake．..)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude．..)，这些高级结构的运用使得文章表达多样。第三段第一句中用“Thousands of”，表达了受海啸影响的人数之多。 教材深读 研文悟写法 2．第二、三段使用了被动语态、be doing．.. when、make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth等高级表达，彰显了较强的语言功底。 教材深读 研文悟写法 • 学语言 1．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.昨天，40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他4个国家6 500多人丧生。(教材P54) 教材深读 研文悟写法 • crash (1)vi.&vt.碰撞，撞击；猛撞；(计算机或计算机系统的)瘫痪，死机；破产 crash into．..　　　撞上…… (2)n.撞车；碰撞；失事；碰撞声；破产；(计算机或计算机系统的)崩溃 a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事 with a crash 发出撞击声；轰隆一声 教材深读 研文悟写法 [活学活用1] (1)They had a narrow escape when their cars crashed. 当他们的汽车相撞时，他们真是死里逃生。 (2)单句语法填空 ①The plane crashed___________ a mountainside, killing all aboard. ②We could hear waves _______________(crash) against the shore. ③The vase landed on the floor __________ a crash. into crashing with 教材深读 研文悟写法 (3)写出下列各句中crash的含义 ①A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. ________ ②Two people recalled hearing a loud crash about 1：30 a．m. ______________ ③His company crashed last year because it was poorly run. _________ ④Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes. ________________ 撞车 碰撞声 破产 瘫痪，崩溃 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)On that dark and stormy night，the waves were crashing and the winds were howling. 在那个黑暗的暴风雨之夜，海浪肆意拍打，狂风咆哮。 (2)She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. 她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。 教材深读 研文悟写法 • 句型公式：killing more than 6，500 people．..为现在分词短语作结果状语。 (1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。 (2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。 [活学活用2] (1)He is always late for class，______________ his teacher very angry. 他上课总是迟到，让老师很生气。 making 教材深读 研文悟写法 (2)He hurried to the theatre, only _____________ that the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完了。 (3)单句语法填空 ①The song is sung all over the country, ____________(make) it the most popular song. ②I slipped and fell down on the glassy ground，____________(break) my arms. to find making breaking 教材深读 研文悟写法 ③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____________(let) in the natural light during the day. ④He stormed into the living room, only ______________(knock) down his mother face－to－face. letting to knock 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，允许更多的患者接受治疗。 (2)She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她是如此生气，以至于她将玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 教材深读 研文悟写法 • wave n．(a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea, ocean, etc.)波浪；海浪；(a movement of your arm and hand from side to side)挥手；(感情或情绪的)突发v.挥动；起伏；挥手；招手；(头发的)卷曲 wave goodbye to sb　向某人挥手告别 wave after wave of ．.. 一波又一波的…… 教材深读 研文悟写法 [活学活用] (1)写出下列各句中wave的含义 ①Huge waves were breaking against the shore._________ ②A wave of fear swept over him. ________________________ ③Crowds lined the route, waving flags and cheering. _________ ④His hair waves naturally._________________ ⑤She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.________ 海浪 (感情或情绪的)突发 挥动 (头发的)卷曲 挥手 教材深读 研文悟写法 (2)He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.＝He waved __________ us as the bus drove off. 公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。 to/at 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train was out of sight. 在火车站，那位母亲向女儿挥手告别，直到火车消失在视线中。 (2)新译林必修第二册Iceboxes of soft drinks and beer lined the narrow streets, and the smell of roasted meat filled the air as we passed wave after wave of street stands. 狭窄的街道两旁摆满了装着软饮料和啤酒的冰柜，当我们经过一波又一波的街头小摊时，空气中弥漫着烤肉的味道。 教材深读 研文悟写法 3．The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.星期天早上七点左右海底地震袭击了印度尼西亚西海岸的苏门答腊岛。(教材P54) • strike (1)vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；(to hit sb/sth hard or with force)击打；突然想到；罢工；敲，鸣，报时；擦，划(火柴) be struck by．..　被……打动；迷恋…… 教材深读 研文悟写法 strike．.. into one's heart　使……刻骨铭心 strike sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位　击打某人的某身体部位 (2)n.罢工；罢课；袭击 be/go on strike　　　在罢工/举行罢工 [活学活用] 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)_________________________ I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. 我突然想起来第二天我在上海有一个重要的会议。 (2)The workers decided to __________________ for higher pay. 工人们决定为争取更高的工资而罢工。 (3)写出下列各句中strike的含义 ①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.________ It struck me that go on strike 报时 教材深读 研文悟写法 ②They predict that a large earthquake will strike the west coast before the end of the decade. ________ ③The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families. ________ ④A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper._________________ ⑤We're striking for better pay and improved safety standards._________ 侵袭 侵袭 突然想到 罢工 教材深读 研文悟写法 ⑥It showed that the murderer struck him on the head with an iron bar. ________ ⑦He struck a match and lit another cigarette.__________________ 击打 擦，划(火柴) 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area. 游客们被旅游区的美景迷住了。 (2)Struck by what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. 被他为我所做的事情所打动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。 教材深读 研文悟写法 4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正在和我的三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时水开始灌进我家里。(教材P54)　 • 句型公式：该句中when为并列连词，意为“就在这时”，相当于and at this/that time。其句型结构为sb was doing sthwhen．..“某人正在做某事，这时……”。 when用作并列连词的常用句型有： be doing．..when．.. 正在做……，就在这时…… 教材深读 研文悟写法 be about to do．..when．..(＝be on the point of doing．..when．..) 正要做……，就在这时…… had (just) done．..when．.. 刚做完……，这时…… [活学活用] (1)He was about to eat his meal when a familiar voice came to his ears. 他正要吃饭，就在这时一个熟悉的声音传到了他的耳朵里。 (2)He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play 教材深读 研文悟写法 the piano. 他刚做完作业，这时他妈妈就让他弹琴。 (3)单句语法填空 ①We were about ___________(get) on the train when the explosion occurred. Fortunately, no one was seriously injured. ②We _________________(roll) along merrily when we had a burst tyre. ③I _______________________(finish) dinner when the house started to get were rolling had just finished 教材深读 研文悟写法 shaking and I heard a loud noise. ④The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag _________ the bus suddenly stopped. when 教材深读 研文悟写法 新译林必修第二册A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 一个孩子和一个男子正在沙滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一个贝壳，并拿起把它放在他的耳边。 教材深读 研文悟写法 5．However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，危险的环境和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。(教材P54) • deliver vt. & vi.(to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to)递送；传达；vt.(to give a speech, talk, etc.)发表；助产 (1)deliver sth to sb投递/运送某物给某人 deliver a speech/lecture(on．..)发表(关于……的)演说/作(关于……的)讲座 教材深读 研文悟写法 deliver a baby 接生 (2)delivery n. 递送；交付 pay cash on/upon delivery　货到付款 [活学活用] (1)It was very considerate of you to deliver milk ______ us every morning. 你每天早上把牛奶递送给我们，真是太贴心了。 (2)Hans was asked __________________________at the graduation to to deliver a speech 教材深读 研文悟写法 ceremony at Harvard University. 汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。 (3)单句语法填空 ①I wonder why you refused ______________(deliver) my letters to my home last week. ②You can pay for the carpet on ______________(deliver). ③It is convenient to have food _____________(deliver) to you using some food delivery apps. to deliver delivery delivered 教材深读 研文悟写法 I feel greatly privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on how to be smart online learners. 能站在这里就如何成为聪明的在线学习者发表演讲，我深感荣幸。 教材深读 研文悟写法 6．effect n．影响；结果；效果(教材P55) • (1)have an effect on　对……产生影响 have no/a good/a bad effect on　对……没有/有好的/有坏的影响 (2)take effect　开始起作用；见效；生效 come into effect　生效；开始实施 in effect　实际上，事实上；在实施中；有效 (3)side effects　副作用 (4)effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的 教材深读 研文悟写法 [活学活用] (1)新译林必修第一册They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the _______________ of losing weight too quickly. 他们正在加大力度来教育青少年了解减肥过快的副作用。 (2)Modern farming methods have greatly affected agriculture, the influence of which will _______________________ the environment. 现代农耕方法已经极大地影响了农业，它的影响将对环境产生影响。 side effects have an effect on 教材深读 研文悟写法 (3)单句语法填空 ①The measures taken by the local government will come ________ effect next month. ②There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect ______ the children. ③The new regulations are ______ effect starting from today. ④He called on the United States to play a more ____________(effect) role in bringing peace to the region. into on in effective 教材深读 研文悟写法 (1)In my opinion, going outdoors to play team games with your friends is an effective way to get rid of anger. 在我看来，和你的朋友去户外进行团队游戏是一个摆脱愤怒的有效方式。 (2)With the problem of smog getting worse, we are well aware of its harmful effects on our health. It's high time we took measures/steps/action to handle it. 随着雾霾问题的日益严重，我们很清楚它对我们健康的有害影响。该是我们采取措施/行动来处理它的时候了。 写作指导 演练提素养 • 通技法——学写作规范 概要是一种对原始文献或文章的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。学生需在正确理解原始文章的基础上， 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩原始文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇内容概要。 (一)懂规则，学概要要求 No details——抓住主旨大意，省去细节信息。 写作指导 演练提素养 No examples——抓住主题要点，省去举例说明。 No repetition——抓住文本主线，省去重复信息。 No comments——抓住作者意图，不加任何评论。 No copying——抓住关键信息，巧妙同义转换。 (二)重方法，学概要重点 1．要点齐全。要点全面是评分的重要方面，因此学生要训练自己的语篇能力和阅读能力，既把握文本的整体和部分，又把握它们之间的逻辑关系。 写作指导 演练提素养 2．精练简洁。精练指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼，用删略的方法去掉不重要或者不必要的细节。简洁指的是所使用的语言简练。学生可以用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言。 3．灵活转换。语言转换就是用不同的词或句式来表达与原有内容相同的意义。灵活转换包括语言换说和句子重构。语言换说可以通过同义、近义和反义变换来替换需要被替换的词汇；句子重构可以通过改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句子中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现。 写作指导 演练提素养 (三)悟写法，学概要技巧 1．读：细读原文材料，准确理解原文 (1)理解作者的意图、观点和态度； (2)理解文章的基本结构； (3)理解文章的主旨和要义。 2．思：确定大纲框架，盘点要点信息 发现问题(what)：是什么问题？ 写作指导 演练提素养 分析问题(why)：原因1：…… 原因2：…… 原因 3：…… 解决问题(how)：怎么来解决这个问题？ 3．写：关注内在逻辑，整合修改成文 简而言之，概要写作(summary writing)的步骤可以概括为： Finding topic sentence(s)(找主题句)＋Paraphrase(改述：主动句变被动 写作指导 演练提素养 句、同义词替换、概括性词汇代替具体形象的词汇等)＋Adding linking words(增加衔接词) 写作指导 演练提素养 • 微技能训练 微技能1　高度概括 She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation. 概括：She brought home a lot of books and newspapers to read during the winter vacation. 写作指导 演练提素养 微技能2　分析文章结构 Though big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages. Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed. Air pollution comes second. Factories and cars are constantly giving off harmful gases. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog. 写作指导 演练提素养 Besides, noise and violence are to be found in some big cities and the situation seems to get worse year by year. 本文讲了三层意思： (1)Big cities have their own disadvantages. (2)Problems (traffic jams, air pollution, noise and violence) exist in big cities. (3)The situation seems to be getting worse year by year. 写作指导 演练提素养 概括：Big cities offer people many conveniences, but they certainly have problems, such as traffic jams, air pollution, noise and violence. And the situation seems to be getting worse year by year. 微技能3　删除细节 What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilisers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, 写作指导 演练提素养 since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 概括：Chemical fertilisers damage the land and affect humans' health. 微技能4　同义替换 Companies use colours to encourage__us__to__buy__their__products． ＝Companies use colours to promote__sales/stimulate__customers'__buying__desire． 写作指导 演练提素养 [例文鉴赏] My name is Hua Fei and I am a sporting robot of the 23rd century. I am an expert at high flying exercises. I jump from spaceships and as I fall, I turn, dive, circle and dance until I softly land as close as I can to the finishing line. Robot competitions in the 23rd century are truly a popular sport. Fans from all over China watch on their handhelds(掌上电脑) when a competition comes on. Last time I took part in the 78th Olympics on a flying island above Brussels in the sky. I won the silver medal for my 写作指导 演练提素养 performance. This year I had the honour to be chosen again. I wanted to meet robots from other countries and explore ideas about our sport. However, my programmer fell ill the week before we were going to leave. It was very painful for her and I felt very frightened. I no longer felt so confident that I would win. The day of the competition was rather cold for my legs and my special oil began to freeze. I paused before I jumped from the starting place on a 写作指导 演练提素养 little spaceship but then I began my performance.At the correct moment I tried to open my parachute but there was a problem. It only opened a little.Instead of flying softly to land, I began to fall faster and faster so that I could not turn, dive, circle or dance. My heart stopped beating as I landed heavily on a mountain covered with snow. This is why I am writing to you from my hospital bed with two broken legs and a fragile head. I did not win anything at the Olympics after all. I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head. Then I 写作指导 演练提素养 will be able to compete once more. Let's hope for greater success in the next Olympics! 写作指导 演练提素养 [写作指导] Para.1: Basic information 原文：Hua Fei is a sporting robot of the 23rd century. He is an expert at high flying exercises. He took part in the 78th Olympics and won a silver medal. 概括：Hua Fei, a sporting robot of the 23rd century, who is good at high flying exercises, got a silver medal in the 78th Olympics. 写作指导 演练提素养 Paras.2－3：The 79th Olympics that Hua Fei took part in 原文：Before the competition, his programmer fell ill. Knowing this, Hua Fei was frightened and no longer felt confident. On the day of the competition, there was a problem with the parachute. He fell from the sky and landed heavily on a mountain. 概括：Hua Fei failed in the 79th Olympics because of his programmer's illness，which made him nervous.What's worse, his parachute went wrong. 写作指导 演练提素养 Para.4：The treatment of Hua Fei Where：lying in the hospital bed What happened：two broken legs and a fragile head Treatment：two new legs and a bigger head 概括：He is now in hospital with two broken legs and a fragile head, while he is still looking forward to next success. 写作指导 演练提素养 [范文赏读] Hua Fei, a sporting robot of the 23rd century, who is good at high flying exercises, got a silver medal in the 78th Olympics. However, Hua Fei failed in the 79th Olympics because of his programmer's illness，which made him nervous. What's worse, his parachute went wrong. Thus he is now in hospital with two broken legs and a fragile head, while he is still looking forward to next success. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业24　 感谢聆听，再见！ 向某人挥手 某人突然想起…… $$