内容正文:
专题08 初升高衔接句子成分
在英语学习中,理解句子成分是构建语法体系、提升语言运用能力的关键环节。就像建造房屋需要清晰了解每一块砖瓦的作用一样,掌握句子成分能帮助我们精准理解英语句子的结构和含义,从而更自如地进行听说读写。接下来,让我们深入探究高中英语句子的各个成分。
一、主语(Subject)
• 定义:主语是句子所叙述的主体,是句子中动作的执行者或状态的体现者,表明句子说的是“谁”或“什么”。
• 位置:一般位于句子开头,但在一些特殊句型(如倒装句)中,主语可能位于谓语之后 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 名词:名词在句子中常可直接充当主语,例如“Dog is a lovely pet.”(狗是可爱的宠物),“Dog”这个名词作主语。
◦ 代词:主格代词可以作主语,像“He likes playing football.”(他喜欢踢足球),“He”为主语。
◦ 数词:数词也有作主语的情况,如“Three of them are from Shanghai.”(他们中有三个人来自上海),“Three”是主语。
◦ 动名词:动名词由动词加 -ing 构成,具有名词的特征,可作主语,“Swimming is good for health.”(游泳有益健康),“Swimming”作主语。
◦ 动词不定式:“To see is to believe.”(眼见为实),“To see”这个动词不定式充当主语。
◦ 从句:主语从句同样能作句子主语,“What he said is important.”(他所说的很重要) ,“What he said”这个从句作主语。
二、谓语(Predicate)
• 定义:用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态,体现主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
• 位置:紧跟在主语之后 。
• 构成:
◦ 动词或动词短语:“She runs every morning.”(她每天早上跑步),“runs”这个动词作谓语;“They are looking for the lost key.”(他们正在寻找丢失的钥匙),“are looking for”是动词短语作谓语。
◦ 系表结构:由系动词(如be, look, sound, feel, taste, seem 等)和表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的特征、状态等。“The flower smells sweet.”(这朵花闻起来很香),“smells sweet”就是系表结构作谓语。
◦ “助动词/情态动词+实义动词”:“He can speak English fluently.”(他能流利地说英语),“can speak”是“情态动词+实义动词”构成的谓语;“She has finished her homework.”(她已经完成了她的作业),“has finished”是“助动词+实义动词”构成的谓语 。
三、宾语(Object)
• 定义:表示动作的对象或承受者,是谓语动词作用的目标 。
• 位置:位于及物动词或介词之后 。
• 分类:
◦ 直接宾语:指动作的直接对象,通常为物,“He bought a book yesterday.”(他昨天买了一本书),“a book”是直接宾语。
◦ 间接宾语:动作的间接接受者,通常指人,“She gave me a gift.”(她给了我一个礼物),“me”是间接宾语,“a gift”是直接宾语。在一些情况下,间接宾语可以后置,用“to/for+间接宾语”的结构,如“She gave a gift to me.” 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 名词:“I like apples.”(我喜欢苹果),“apples”这个名词作宾语。
◦ 代词:宾格代词作宾语,“Please help me.”(请帮助我),“me”是宾语。
◦ 数词:“I want two.”(我想要两个),“two”作宾语。
◦ 动名词:“He enjoys reading.”(他喜欢阅读),“reading”作宾语。
◦ 动词不定式:“She decides to go shopping.”(她决定去购物),“to go shopping”作宾语。
◦ 从句:“I know that he is a good student.”(我知道他是个好学生),“that he is a good student”这个宾语从句作宾语 。
四、表语(Predicative)
• 定义:用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态等,和系动词一起构成复合谓语 。
• 位置:位于系动词之后 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 名词:“He is a teacher.”(他是一名教师),“a teacher”作表语说明主语身份。
◦ 形容词:“The story is interesting.”(这个故事很有趣),“interesting”作表语描述主语特征。
◦ 副词:“He is out.”(他出去了),“out”作表语说明主语状态。
◦ 介词短语:“The book is on the desk.”(书在桌子上),“on the desk”作表语表示主语的位置。
◦ 动词不定式:“My dream is to become a doctor.”(我的梦想是成为一名医生),“to become a doctor”作表语说明主语内容。
◦ 动名词:“Her hobby is dancing.”(她的爱好是跳舞),“dancing”作表语说明主语内容。
◦ 从句:“The problem is that we don't have enough time.”(问题是我们没有足够的时间),“that we don't have enough time”这个表语从句作表语。
五、定语(Attribute)
• 定义:用于修饰名词或代词,对其进行限定、描述,表明其特征、所属等,相当于中文里“……的” 。
• 位置:单个词作定语时,通常位于被修饰词之前;短语或从句作定语时,位于被修饰词之后 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 形容词:“a beautiful girl”(一个漂亮的女孩),“beautiful”作定语修饰“girl”。
◦ 代词:“my book”(我的书),“my”作定语修饰“book”。
◦ 数词:“two apples”(两个苹果),“two”作定语修饰“apples”。
◦ 名词:“a school bag”(一个书包),“school”作定语修饰“bag”。
◦ 介词短语:“the book on the desk”(桌子上的书),“on the desk”作定语修饰“book”。
◦ 分词:现在分词和过去分词都可作定语,“a running boy”(一个正在跑步的男孩),“running”作定语;“a broken cup”(一个破碎的杯子),“broken”作定语。
◦ 动词不定式:“I have something to do.”(我有事情要做),“to do”作定语修饰“something”。
◦ 从句:“The man who is standing there is my father.”(站在那里的那个人是我的父亲),“who is standing there”这个定语从句修饰“the man”。
六、状语(Adverbial)
• 定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度等 。
• 位置:位置较为灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 副词:“He runs fast.”(他跑得很快),“fast”作状语修饰“runs”。
◦ 介词短语:“She goes to school by bike.”(她骑自行车去上学),“by bike”作方式状语;“I will meet you at the park.”(我将在公园见你),“at the park”作地点状语。
◦ 分词:现在分词和过去分词可以作状语,“Looking out of the window, I saw a bird.”(望向窗外,我看到了一只鸟),“Looking out of the window”作状语;“Given more time, we can do it better.”(如果给予更多时间,我们能做得更好),“Given more time”作状语。
◦ 动词不定式:“To get good grades, he studies hard.”(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习),“To get good grades”作目的状语。
◦ 从句:“When I was young, I liked playing games.”(当我年轻时,我喜欢玩游戏),“When I was young”作时间状语从句;“If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.”(如果明天下雨,我们将待在家里),“If it rains tomorrow”作条件状语从句。
七、补语(Complement)
• 定义:补充说明主语或宾语的意义、状态等,使句子的意义更加完整 。
• 分类:
◦ 宾语补足语:与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,对宾语进行补充说明,“We made the room clean.”(我们使房间干净),“clean”是宾语补足语,补充说明“the room”的状态;“They elected him their monitor.”(他们选他当班长),“their monitor”作宾语补足语。
◦ 主语补足语:对主语进行补充说明,常用于被动语态中,“He was seen to enter the room.”(有人看见他进入了房间),“to enter the room”是主语补足语,补充说明“he”的动作 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 名词:“We call him Tom.”(我们叫他汤姆),“Tom”作宾语补足语。
◦ 形容词:“Keep the door open.”(让门开着),“open”作宾语补足语。
◦ 副词:“Let him in.”(让他进来),“in”作宾语补足语。
◦ 介词短语:“I found him in the classroom.”(我在教室里找到了他),“in the classroom”作宾语补足语。
◦ 动词不定式:“The teacher asked us to read English every day.”(老师要求我们每天读英语),“to read English every day”作宾语补足语。
◦ 分词:“I saw her dancing in the room.”(我看见她在房间里跳舞),“dancing”作宾语补足语;“He had his bike repaired.”(他让人修理了他的自行车),“repaired”作宾语补足语 。
八、同位语(Appositive)
• 定义:对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位 。
• 位置:紧跟在被解释说明的词之后 。
• 充当形式:
◦ 名词:“My friend, a famous doctor, will come to see me.”(我的朋友,一位著名的医生,会来看我),“a famous doctor”是“my friend”的同位语。
◦ 代词:“We students should study hard.”(我们学生应该努力学习),“students”是“we”的同位语。
◦ 数词:“You two go there.”(你们两个去那里),“two”是“you”的同位语。
◦ 从句:“The news that we won the game is exciting.”(我们赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋),“that we won the game”是“the news”的同位语从句 。
熟练掌握句子成分是高中英语学习的重要基石,希望大家通过不断的学习和练习,能够准确分析句子结构,在英语学习中取得更大的进步 。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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2025年 初升高衔接课程
句子成分
专题八
英语
目录
主谓宾
表语
同位语
1
2
3
4
定状补
句子成分
主语
Subject
S
谓语
Verb
V
宾语
Object
O
表语
Predicative
P
状语
Adverbial
A
间接宾语
Indirect object
ID
直接宾语
Direct object
DO
宾语补足语
Object complement
OC
定语
Attributive
A
双宾语
主谓宾
句子叙述的主体,和宾语相对,主动语态发出动作,被动语态承受动作。主语可以是名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词等,一般在句首。
eg:She is reading a book.(她在看书。)
主语(Subject)
主谓宾
主语是一句话的主体,表明句子说的是谁或是什么。
e.g. The whole class loved Mrs. Wang.
S
主谓宾
找出主语,并判断其由什么充当。
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(名词化的形容词)
(主语从句)
主谓宾
说明主语的动作或者状态,对主语动作、状态或特征的陈述或说明。谓语由实义动词担任,或由系动词和表语一起构成,或由助动词和情态动词与后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。
eg:The cat sleeps on the sofa.(猫睡在沙发上。)
谓语(Predicate)
主谓宾
谓语使用来说明主语做什么、是什么、怎么样。由动词充当,放在主语之后。
e.g. The whole class loved Mrs. Wang.
V
Predicate (谓语)
句子中说明主语的动作的部分是谓语。
谓语一般在主语之后,谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当),它有时态,语态的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响。
He plays basketball.
He can’t play basketball.
谓语是 ? 谓语动词是 ?
9
(1) 实义动词 (行为动词):
具有明确的动作和意义。该类动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词,不及物动词不接宾语,及物动词接宾语。
I know you.
He comes.
(2) 助动词
帮助谓语动词构成不同的时态或语态,或构成疑问句,否定句和强调句。
常见助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were), do(does/did), have(has), will。
1.I am playing games.
2.I am killed.
3.Do you know me?
4.I do not like you.
5.The policeman will find you.
(3) 情态动词
有一定词义,表说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法,表能力,允许,请求,必要性,可能性等。
常见情态动词有can/could/may/might/should/must/would 等。
I can do it.
主谓宾
找出下列句子中的谓语动词
What happened?
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
We were beaten by their team.
You can do it if you try hard.
I will watch the movie.
She quickly filled in the form.
Time flies.
主谓宾
动作的接受者,和主语相对。宾语可以是具体实物名词,也可以是抽象名词。
eg:He gave me a gift.(他给了我一份礼物。)
(间接宾语:me;直接宾语:gift)
宾语(Object)
主谓宾
宾语是动作的承受者,是一种联系的对象。常放在及物动词(vt)或介词(prep)后面。
e.g. The whole class loved Mrs. Wang.
O
主谓宾
找出宾语,并判断其由什么充当
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want? - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said?
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(宾语从句)
定状补
修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征或所属,常由形容词、介词短语或从句充当。
eg:The red apple is sweet.(红色的苹果很甜。)
定语(Attribute)
定状补
定语用来修饰限定名词或代词。
e.g. She was an outgoing exchange student last year.
e.g. The boy in blue is Tom.
定语
名词
名词
定语
定状补
定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know Betty’s sister?
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(定语从句)
定状补
表示状态的语言,如地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式等,修饰谓语部分(动词、形容词、副词等)。
eg:She runs quickly.(她跑得很快。)
状语(Adverbial)
定状补
状语常用来修饰形容词、动词、副词、整个句子。
e.g. She was an exchange student last year.
系
P 表语
A 状语
定状补
找出状语,并判断状语类型
How about meeting again at six?
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
(时间)
(原因)
(条件)
(地点)
(方式)
(伴随)
(目的)
(结果)
(让步)
(比较)
定状补
补充说明主语或宾语的状态或特征,分为主语补语和宾语补语。
eg:We call him Doctor Li.(我们称他李医生。)(宾语补语)
补语(Complement)
定状补
宾语补足语是用来对宾语进行补充说明,使句子意义完整。
e.g. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
S
V
O
C
Complement (补语)
英语中,一些及物动词的宾语后要加上一个补语,对宾语作进一步的补充说明,意思才够完整和明确。该补语被称为宾补。
使役动词 “make+宾语+宾补”
名词/代词
名词/形容词/省掉to的不定式/过去分词
1.We make our enemies our friends.
2.You make me happy.
3.You made me laugh.
4.I spoke slowly to make myself understood.
1.We make our enemies our friends.
2.You make me happy.
3.You made me laugh.
4.I spoke slowly to make myself understood.
定状补
找出宾补,并判断其由什么充当
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
(名词)
(形容词)
(副词)
(不定式短语)
(现在分词)
(介词短语)
表语
表明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征或状态的语言,位于系动词之后,二者缺一不可。
eg:The sky is blue.(天空是蓝色的。)
表语(Predicative)
表语
表语是表明主语是什么、怎么样,跟在系动词后常常用来表示一种状态。
e.g. She was an exchange student last year.
e.g. The apple tasted sweet.
P
P
系动词:
“五感五变三保持,似乎是加形容词”
系动词: 起连接主语和表语作用,本身有一定词义,它和实义动词
一样有时态变化,也受主语人称和数的影响。
常见系动词:
be (am/is/are/was/were);
感官:smell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel(摸起来), appear;
变得:become/get/grow/turn/fall(变得) ;
保持:remain (仍然是) ,keep/stay;
1. The car is cool.
2. The rose smells good.
3. She is in shape.
表语
找出表语,并判断其由什么充当
Is it yours?
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one?
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
(代词)
(形容词)
(形容词)
(数词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(介词短语)
(副词)
(表语从句)
同位语
同位语
解释说明句子中的某个名词或代词,与该成分在语法上处于同等地位。
常由名词、代词、数词和从句等充当。
Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
主语
同位语
同位语
找出同位语
This is my friend Lily.
Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
They both enjoy playing basketball.
The news that he will come back is true.
句子成分
主在前,谓中间,宾语跟着动词转
定语围着名代跑,状语灵活到处飘
补语前后把空填,表语紧跟系动词
成分识别口诀
Eg: The little girl (定主) quickly (状) ate (谓) her breakfast (定宾)in the morning (状).
练习:标出下列各句中所包含的句子成分
1.Last week I went to the supermarket.
2.The play was very interesting.
3.I can’t hear a word.
4.They were talking loudly.
5.He has visited a great number of places in Australia.
6.She makes her mother angry.
1. My sister bought a new dress yesterday.
My sister(主语) bought(谓语) a new dress(宾语) yesterday(状语).
解析:动作执行者(主语)是“My sister”;动作(谓语)是“bought”;动作对象(宾语)是“a new dress”;时间修饰(状语)是“yesterday”。
2. The teacher explained the problem clearly.
The teacher(主语) explained(谓语) the problem(宾语) clearly(状语).
解析:方式状语“clearly”修饰动词“explained”。
分析下列句子的成分
3. They elected John president of the club.
They(主语) elected(谓语) John(宾语) president of the club(宾语补语).
解析:“president of the club”补充说明宾语“John”的状态。
4. The book on the desk is very interesting.
The book (主语) on the desk (定语) is(系动词) very interesting(表语).
解析:定语“on the desk”修饰主语“The book”;表语“interesting”说明主语的性质。
5. She feels happy after the trip.
She(主语) feels(系动词) happy(表语) after the trip(状语).
解析:时间状语“after the trip”修饰整个句子。
6. We will meet at the park tomorrow.
We(主语) will meet(谓语) at the park(状语) tomorrow(状语).
解析:两个状语分别表示地点和时间。
7. The little boy with glasses is my cousin.
The little boy (主语) with glasses(定语) is(系动词) my cousin(表语).
解析:定语“with glasses”修饰主语“The little boy”。
8. He sent his friend an email last night.
He(主语) sent(谓语) his friend(间接宾语) an email(直接宾语) last night(状语).
解析:间接宾语“his friend”是动作的接受者,直接宾语“an email”是动作的对象。
9. The flowers in the garden smell sweet.
The flowers (主语) in the garden(定语) smell(系动词) sweet(表语).
解析:定语“in the garden”修饰主语“The flowers”;表语“sweet”说明主语的状态。
10. I found the math exam extremely difficult.
I(主语) found(谓语) the math exam(宾语) extremely difficult(宾语补语).
解析:宾语补语“extremely difficult”补充说明宾语“the math exam”的状态。
2025年 初升高衔接课程
专题八
英语
谢谢
聆听
答案:1.eq \o(Last week,\s\do28(状语)) eq \o(I,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(went to,\s\do28(谓语)) eq \o(the supermarket,\s\do28(宾语)).
2.eq \o(The play,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(was,\s\do28(系动词)) eq \o(very,\s\do28(状语)) eq \o(interesting,\s\do28(表语)).
3.eq \o(I,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(can't hear,\s\do28(谓语)) eq \o(a word,\s\do28(宾语)).
4.eq \o(They,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(were talking,\s\do28(谓语)) eq \o(loudly,\s\do28(状语)).
5.eq \o(He,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(has visited,\s\do28(谓语)) eq \o(a great number of,\s\do28(定语)) eq \o(places,\s\do12(宾语)) eq \o(in Australia,\s\do28(状语)).
6.eq \o(She,\s\do28(主语)) eq \o(makes,\s\do28(谓语)) eq \o(her mother,\s\do28(宾语)) eq \o(angry.,\s\do28(宾语补足语))
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专题08 初升高衔接句子成分
一、单项选择
1. The students______ hard every day.
A. study B. studies C. is studying D. are studying
2. The book______ on the desk is mine.
A. lie B. lies C. lying D. is lying
3. I found the story______.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interests
4. They made him______ of the class.
A. a monitor B. the monitor C. monitor D. to be monitor
5. She______ a beautiful dress at the party last night.
A. wears B. wore C. is wearing D. was wearing
二、句子成分分析
1. Tom, a good student, often helps his classmates.
• 主语:______
• 同位语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
2. The little girl is crying sadly in the corner.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 状语:______
3. We consider him to be a reliable person.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语:______
4. What he said made me angry.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语:______
5. The news that our team won the game excited us.
• 主语:______
• 同位语从句:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
三、用所给词的正确形式填空,并指出其在句中所作成分
1. The______ (fall) leaves are very beautiful.(成分:______)
2. He wants______ (go) shopping.(成分:______)
3. The story is______ (interest).(成分:______)
4. I saw him______ (play) basketball on the playground.(成分:______)
5. She is the girl______ (call) Lily.(成分:______)
四、按要求改写句子
1. They are cleaning the classroom.(改为被动语态,并指出原句中各成分,以及被动句中各成分)
• 原句:
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语:______
• 被动句:______
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语(可无):______
2. The man is my teacher. He is standing there.(合并为含有定语从句的复合句,并指出从句中各成分)
• 复合句:______
• 定语从句:______
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语(可无):______
五、翻译句子,并分析句子成分
1. 我每天花一个小时做作业。
• 翻译:______
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语(可无):______
• 状语:______
2. 他送给我一本有趣的书作为生日礼物。
• 翻译:______
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 间接宾语:______
• 直接宾语:______
• 状语:______
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专题08 初升高衔接句子成分
一、单项选择
1. The students______ hard every day.
A. study B. studies C. is studying D. are studying
2. The book______ on the desk is mine.
A. lie B. lies C. lying D. is lying
3. I found the story______.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interests
4. They made him______ of the class.
A. a monitor B. the monitor C. monitor D. to be monitor
5. She______ a beautiful dress at the party last night.
A. wears B. wore C. is wearing D. was wearing
二、句子成分分析
1. Tom, a good student, often helps his classmates.
• 主语:______
• 同位语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
2. The little girl is crying sadly in the corner.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 状语:______
3. We consider him to be a reliable person.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语:______
4. What he said made me angry.
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语:______
5. The news that our team won the game excited us.
• 主语:______
• 同位语从句:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
三、用所给词的正确形式填空,并指出其在句中所作成分
1. The______ (fall) leaves are very beautiful.(成分:______)
2. He wants______ (go) shopping.(成分:______)
3. The story is______ (interest).(成分:______)
4. I saw him______ (play) basketball on the playground.(成分:______)
5. She is the girl______ (call) Lily.(成分:______)
四、按要求改写句子
1. They are cleaning the classroom.(改为被动语态,并指出原句中各成分,以及被动句中各成分)
• 原句:
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语:______
• 被动句:______
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语(可无):______
2. The man is my teacher. He is standing there.(合并为含有定语从句的复合句,并指出从句中各成分)
• 复合句:______
• 定语从句:______
◦ 主语:______
◦ 谓语:______
◦ 宾语(可无):______
五、翻译句子,并分析句子成分
1. 我每天花一个小时做作业。
• 翻译:______
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 宾语:______
• 宾语补足语(可无):______
• 状语:______
2. 他送给我一本有趣的书作为生日礼物。
• 翻译:______
• 主语:______
• 谓语:______
• 间接宾语:______
• 直接宾语:______
• 状语:______
答案
一、单项选择
1. A。主语the students是复数,一般现在时用study。
2. C。lying on the desk是现在分词短语作定语,修饰the book 。
3. B。find +宾语+形容词作宾补,interesting修饰物。
4. C。make sb +职位,职位前不用冠词,monitor作宾补。
5. B。last night是过去时间,用一般过去时wore。
二、句子成分分析
1. 主语:Tom
同位语:a good student
谓语:helps
宾语:his classmates
2. 主语:The little girl
谓语:is crying
状语:sadly(方式状语);in the corner(地点状语)
3. 主语:We
谓语:consider
宾语:him
宾语补足语:to be a reliable person
4. 主语:What he said(主语从句)
谓语:made
宾语:me
宾语补足语:angry
5. 主语:The news
同位语从句:that our team won the game
谓语:excited
宾语:us
三、用所给词的正确形式填空,并指出其在句中所作成分
1. falling;定语
2. to go;宾语
3. interesting;表语
4. playing;宾语补足语
5. called;定语
四、按要求改写句子
• 原句:
◦ 主语:They
◦ 谓语:are cleaning
◦ 宾语:the classroom
• 被动句:The classroom is being cleaned by them.
◦ 主语:The classroom
◦ 谓语:is being cleaned
◦ 宾语(可无):by them(by引出动作执行者,可看作状语 )
• 复合句:The man who/that is standing there is my teacher.
• 定语从句:who/that is standing there
◦ 主语:who/that
◦ 谓语:is standing
◦ 宾语(可无):无
五、翻译句子,并分析句子成分
• 翻译:I spend an hour doing my homework every day.
• 主语:I
• 谓语:spend
• 宾语:an hour
• 宾语补足语(可无):无
• 状语:doing my homework(伴随状语);every day(时间状语)
• 翻译:He gave me an interesting book as a birthday present.
• 主语:He
• 谓语:gave
• 间接宾语:me
• 直接宾语:an interesting book
• 状语:as a birthday present(方式状语)
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