第06讲 定语从句（复习讲义）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第06讲 定语从句 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 必备基础知识 3 一、定语从句的意义 3 二、定语从句的分类 3 考点一 定语从句中的关系代词 4 知识点1 关系代词的基本用法 4 知识点2 只用that不用which的情况 5 知识点3 引导非限制性定语从句as与which的区别 6 考向 定语从句的关系代词辨析 7 考点二 定语从句中的关系副词 7 知识点 关系副词的基本用法 7 考向 定语从句的关系副词辨析 8 考点三 定语从句中的“介词+关系代词” 8 知识点1 “介词+关系代词”的基本用法 9 知识点2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的使用 10 考向1 定语从句的“介词+关系代词”辨析 10 考向2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的辨析 10 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 11 04 真题溯源·考向感知 13 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 定语从句 选择题 非选择题 3月，9，with which 3月，12，where 3月，13，where 考情分析： 高考天津卷在考查考生对定语从句的掌握情况时，特别注重他们在特定语境下辨识定语从句及其先行词的能力，以及正确使用关系代词和关系副词引导从句的能力。考生需在准确理解语境并深入分析句子的基础上，准确辨识定语从句及其先行词，进而准确判断应使用的关系代词或关系副词。 近年来，高考天津卷对定语从句的考查范围已不仅局限于单项填空题，还拓展至完形填空、阅读理解和阅读表达等多种题型中。因此，考生在日常学习中，应更加注重在语境中加强对定语从句的辨识能力，以及对从句引导词用法的熟练掌握，同时关注定语从句先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配关系、引导词的省略现象等，并熟记各种句型和特殊表达形式。 复习目标： 1. 掌握关系代词的用法； 2. 掌握关系副词的用法； 3. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法； 4. 掌握定语从句的重难点、易错点； 5. 区分好定语从句的类型（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）。 必备基础知识 一、定语从句的意义 定语从句是修饰主句中某一名词（短语）或代词（有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分）的从句，被修饰的对象称为先行词，一般由关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）引导，作用相当于形容词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，三是重复先行词的意义（即代替先行词），故其数与先行词一致。 二、定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 特点 起限定作用，与先行词关系紧密，不可省略，否则会造成句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若省略，句意不发生改变 形式 一般紧跟先行词，且中间不加逗号 用逗号与主句隔开 先行词 名词（短语）或代词 名词（短语）、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分 关系词 关系代词（作宾语时可省略）、关系副词 关系代词（不包括 that，且作宾语时不可省略 ）、关系副词（不包括 why） 示例 He has two sisters who are working in the city. 他有两个在这座城市工作的妹妹。 （他可能还有别的不在这座城市工作的妹妹） He has two sisters, who are working in the city. 他有两个妹妹，都在这座城市工作。 考点一 定语从句中的关系代词 知识点1 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 示例 that 只用于引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 He is a man that/who means what he says. 他是一个说话算数的人。（指人，作主语） He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago. 他不再是 20 年前的那个男孩子了。（指人，作表语） The book（that/which）you are reading is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的那本书是马克・吐温写的。（指物，作宾语） Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。（指物，作主语） The man（who/whom/that）you met just now is my old friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。（指人，作宾语） which 先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，作宾语时可省略 who 先行词指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 whom 先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，一般可省略 whose 先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语（可与 of whom/which 互换） Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been destroyed. 工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。（指人） In this article, we'll talk about a type of comfort food whose/of which power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 在本文里，我们要讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。（指物） as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词指人或物，通常与such、the same等连用，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词只能是整个主句 Such books as I have read are classical works. 我所读过的书都是些经典著作。（指物，作宾语） My trouble is the same as yours is. 我的困难同你的一样。（指物，作表语） She became angry, as many could see. 她生气了，许多人都看得出。（非限制性定语从句） 知识点2 只用that不用which的情况 当先行词指物时，限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用 that，又可以用 which。但下列几种情况下宜用 that 不用 which： 情况 示例 当先行词是 everything、anything、nothing、all、none、few、little、some 等不定代词时，或被 every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much 等修饰时 There is little that I can do for you. 几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师说的话你都记下来了吗？ 当先行词被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 当先行词被 the very、the only 等修饰时 After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned. 家里发生火灾后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country. 他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。 知识点3 引导非限制性定语从句as与which的区别 as which 从句位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 从句一般只能置于先行词后 先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容 意义 通常表示对主句内容的评论或解释，意为 “正如，好像” 表示对先行词的补充说明 示例 As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods. 正如亚里士多德所说：没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。（置于句首） Overeating, as is known to all, is the main cause of obesity. 众所周知，吃得过多是肥胖症的主要原因。（置于句中） The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变得很冷，这一带经常如此。（置于句末） In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush. 同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。（先行词是整个主句） The sun, which had hidden all day, came out in full splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳又光芒四射了。（先行词是名词 sun） 考向 定语从句的关系代词辨析 例1 （2025·天津·二模）Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, ______ specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 例2（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）The park, ______ paths are lined with old trees, is a favorite jogging spot for the residents. A．whose B．where C．which D．when The famous writer ______ wrote this novel will attend the book fair tomorrow. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 考点二 定语从句中的关系副词 知识点 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 用法 示例 when 先行词通常是表示时间的词语，在从句中作时间状语（可与 at/in/on/during which 互换） There comes a time when/in which the old must give way to the new. 新旧更替的时代已经到来。 Autumn is the season when/in which trees shed their leaves. 秋天是树木落叶的季节。 where 先行词通常是表示具体地点的词，也可以是表示抽象地点的词语（如 degree、point、situation、stage 等），在从句中作地点状语（可与 at/in which 互换） In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. 在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地方，人们正破坏那里的自然环境。（具体地点） She had got to the point where/at which she felt that she could not take any more. 她已经到了忍无可忍的地步。（抽象地点） He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。（抽象地点） why 先行词是 reason，在从句中作原因状语（可与 for which 互换） Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday. 告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。 考向 定语从句的关系副词辨析 例1 （2025·天津·模拟预测）By then we had reached the stage ___________ there were more male readers than female readers. A．that B．where C．which D．when 例2（2025·天津北辰·三模）5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which Could you please explain the real reason ______ he was absent from such an important meeting yesterday? 考点三 定语从句中的“介词+关系代词” 知识点1 “介词+关系代词”的基本用法 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，常将介词置于关系代词前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人时，关系代词常用whom；先行词指物时，关系代词常用which；先行词作定语，与空后的名词构成“……的”时，关系代词常用whose。此时，whom、which和whose不可省略。 This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.这是我写这封信用的那支钢笔。(限制性定语从句) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的街道上，她无人可以求助。(非限制性定语从句) Thanks to Mr. Smith, with whose help I made great progress in English. 感谢史密斯先生，在他的帮助下我在英语方面取得了很大进步。 得分速记 先行词 关系词 例句 物 介词+which The sun heats the water and turns it intovapour. This forms clouds from which rainfalls down onto the mountain terraces once again. 水经太阳加热成为水蒸气，水蒸气形成云，而雨水又从云中再次落到山上的梯田里。 人 介词+whom These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. 这些梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民 （物/人）…的 介词+whose+n. Thanks to Mr. Smith, with whose help I made great progress in English. 感谢史密斯先生，在他的帮助下我在英语方面取得了很大进步。 PS：选择介词时，主要看它与先行词及从句中的名词、动词或形容词等的搭配。 知识点2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的使用 先行词 定语从句缺主、宾、表语 定语从句不缺主、宾、表语 way that （省略关系词） which in which 例 尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式,友情的意义和我们对朋友的渴望依然不变。 Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. = Although technology has changed the way that we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. = Although technology has changed the way in which we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 考向1 定语从句的“介词+关系代词”辨析 例1 （2025·天津·一模）The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. A．in which B．with whom C．for which D．for whom 例2 （24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. A．them B．that C．which D．what 考向2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的辨析 例1 （2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 常错情况 病句分析 关系词选用不对；或从句没有紧跟先行词 The guide to which you talked is a good hunter.（×） →此句应把 which 改为 whom。因 guide 是指人的，其关系词只可用 who，whom 或 that。若在介词后，只可用 whom。 He still remembered the men and books which interested him then.（×） →此句应把 which 改为 that，因先行词不仅是 books，还有 men；这种先行词既有人又有物的情况下应用 that。 The shirt is not expensive for him that his uncle likes.（×） →根据句意可知，that 引导的从句是修饰 shirt 的，故应紧跟其后 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语、状语、介词或关系副词 Some of the girls I invited them did not come.（×） →此句应删去 them。因为从句的宾语是省略了的 whom /who 或 that。 Is this the photo which you took it last week?（×） →应删去 it。因为从句的宾语是关系代词 which，无须再用 it 了。 Yesterday we visited the factory where your father worked there.（×） →删去 there。因从句的状语是关系副词 where，再留 there 便重复多余了。 The house where the old man lives in needs repairing.（×） →此句应删去 in。因 where 在这里的意思是 in which，否则介词 in 就重复了。另外，此句也可把关系副词 where 去掉，看成是省掉关系词 which 作介词的宾语 省了从句中作主语的关系代词或缺少先行词 Children eat much sugar often get bad teeth.（×） →一定得从句中应加上作主语的关系词 who /that，即 children who eat much sugar，句子结构才完整。 This is who everyone respects.（×） →who 引导的定语从句前无先行词，故应加上 the person /man 等名词 定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数搞错（关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致） Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.（×） →句中 has 应改为 have，因为 who 指代的 those 是复数。 The woman who teach us English is Jenny.（×） →句中 teach 应改为 teaches，因为 who 指代的 the woman 是单数。 This is one of the houses that is free now.（×） →从句中的 is 应改为 are，因为 that 指 houses，而不是 one。此外在 one 之前加 the only，后面的从句谓语动词不改变也是对的。 注意：“one of the + 复数名词” 这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但是当 one 之前有 the only，the，the very 之类的修饰语时，后面从句的谓语动词则用单数形式。如：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 某些 “动词 + 介词” 固定词组中的介词不可提至关系词之前 The baby after whom the nurse looks is healthy.（×） →此句的短语 after 放在 looks 之后。因 look after “照看” 讲是不可分开的短语。类似这种用法的短语还有：look for，listen to，hand in，wait for，belong to，laugh at，worry about 等。 注意：只有表示所有关系的介词，或关系代词作介词或介词短语的宾语时，这个介词才可前置。如：China has many famous writers, one of whom is Lu Xun. I work in a factory, in front of which there is a river. 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 3．（2011·天津·高考真题）The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A．when B．that C．where D．which 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 7．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 9．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 11．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ______ up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第06讲 定语从句 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 必备基础知识 3 一、定语从句的意义 3 二、定语从句的分类 3 考点一 定语从句中的关系代词 4 知识点1 关系代词的基本用法 4 知识点2 只用that不用which的情况 5 知识点3 引导非限制性定语从句as与which的区别 6 考向 定语从句的关系代词辨析 7 考点二 定语从句中的关系副词 7 知识点 关系副词的基本用法 8 考向 定语从句的关系副词辨析 8 考点三 定语从句中的“介词+关系代词” 9 知识点1 “介词+关系代词”的基本用法 9 知识点2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的使用 10 考向1 定语从句的“介词+关系代词”辨析 11 考向2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的辨析 11 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 12 04 真题溯源·考向感知 14 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 定语从句 选择题 非选择题 3月，9，with which 3月，12，where 3月，13，where 考情分析： 高考天津卷在考查考生对定语从句的掌握情况时，特别注重他们在特定语境下辨识定语从句及其先行词的能力，以及正确使用关系代词和关系副词引导从句的能力。考生需在准确理解语境并深入分析句子的基础上，准确辨识定语从句及其先行词，进而准确判断应使用的关系代词或关系副词。 近年来，高考天津卷对定语从句的考查范围已不仅局限于单项填空题，还拓展至完形填空、阅读理解和阅读表达等多种题型中。因此，考生在日常学习中，应更加注重在语境中加强对定语从句的辨识能力，以及对从句引导词用法的熟练掌握，同时关注定语从句先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配关系、引导词的省略现象等，并熟记各种句型和特殊表达形式。 复习目标： 1. 掌握关系代词的用法； 2. 掌握关系副词的用法； 3. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法； 4. 掌握定语从句的重难点、易错点； 5. 区分好定语从句的类型（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）。 必备基础知识 一、定语从句的意义 定语从句是修饰主句中某一名词（短语）或代词（有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分）的从句，被修饰的对象称为先行词，一般由关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）引导，作用相当于形容词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，三是重复先行词的意义（即代替先行词），故其数与先行词一致。 二、定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 特点 起限定作用，与先行词关系紧密，不可省略，否则会造成句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若省略，句意不发生改变 形式 一般紧跟先行词，且中间不加逗号 用逗号与主句隔开 先行词 名词（短语）或代词 名词（短语）、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分 关系词 关系代词（作宾语时可省略）、关系副词 关系代词（不包括 that，且作宾语时不可省略 ）、关系副词（不包括 why） 示例 He has two sisters who are working in the city. 他有两个在这座城市工作的妹妹。 （他可能还有别的不在这座城市工作的妹妹） He has two sisters, who are working in the city. 他有两个妹妹，都在这座城市工作。 考点一 定语从句中的关系代词 知识点1 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 示例 that 只用于引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 He is a man that/who means what he says. 他是一个说话算数的人。（指人，作主语） He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago. 他不再是 20 年前的那个男孩子了。（指人，作表语） The book（that/which）you are reading is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的那本书是马克・吐温写的。（指物，作宾语） Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。（指物，作主语） The man（who/whom/that）you met just now is my old friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。（指人，作宾语） which 先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，作宾语时可省略 who 先行词指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 whom 先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，一般可省略 whose 先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语（可与 of whom/which 互换） Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been destroyed. 工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。（指人） In this article, we'll talk about a type of comfort food whose/of which power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 在本文里，我们要讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。（指物） as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词指人或物，通常与such、the same等连用，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词只能是整个主句 Such books as I have read are classical works. 我所读过的书都是些经典著作。（指物，作宾语） My trouble is the same as yours is. 我的困难同你的一样。（指物，作表语） She became angry, as many could see. 她生气了，许多人都看得出。（非限制性定语从句） 知识点2 只用that不用which的情况 当先行词指物时，限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用 that，又可以用 which。但下列几种情况下宜用 that 不用 which： 情况 示例 当先行词是 everything、anything、nothing、all、none、few、little、some 等不定代词时，或被 every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much 等修饰时 There is little that I can do for you. 几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师说的话你都记下来了吗？ 当先行词被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 当先行词被 the very、the only 等修饰时 After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned. 家里发生火灾后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country. 他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。 知识点3 引导非限制性定语从句as与which的区别 as which 从句位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 从句一般只能置于先行词后 先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容 意义 通常表示对主句内容的评论或解释，意为 “正如，好像” 表示对先行词的补充说明 示例 As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods. 正如亚里士多德所说：没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。（置于句首） Overeating, as is known to all, is the main cause of obesity. 众所周知，吃得过多是肥胖症的主要原因。（置于句中） The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变得很冷，这一带经常如此。（置于句末） In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush. 同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。（先行词是整个主句） The sun, which had hidden all day, came out in full splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳又光芒四射了。（先行词是名词 sun） 考向 定语从句的关系代词辨析 例1 （2025·天津·二模）Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, ______ specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：埃隆・马斯克的公司Neuralink，专注于脑机接口，最近将其第一个芯片植入了一名人类志愿者体内。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Elon Musk’s company Neuralink，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选B项。 例2（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）The park, ______ paths are lined with old trees, is a favorite jogging spot for the residents. A．whose B．where C．which D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公园的小径两旁是古树，是居民们最喜欢的慢跑场所。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词park和paths之间是所属关系，因此空格处用whose引导定语从句，故选A。 The famous writer ______ wrote this novel will attend the book fair tomorrow. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位写了这部小说的著名作家明天将参加书展。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the famous writer，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故选A项。 考点二 定语从句中的关系副词 知识点 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 用法 示例 when 先行词通常是表示时间的词语，在从句中作时间状语（可与 at/in/on/during which 互换） There comes a time when/in which the old must give way to the new. 新旧更替的时代已经到来。 Autumn is the season when/in which trees shed their leaves. 秋天是树木落叶的季节。 where 先行词通常是表示具体地点的词，也可以是表示抽象地点的词语（如 degree、point、situation、stage 等），在从句中作地点状语（可与 at/in which 互换） In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. 在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地方，人们正破坏那里的自然环境。（具体地点） She had got to the point where/at which she felt that she could not take any more. 她已经到了忍无可忍的地步。（抽象地点） He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。（抽象地点） why 先行词是 reason，在从句中作原因状语（可与 for which 互换） Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday. 告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。 考向 定语从句的关系副词辨析 例1 （2025·天津·模拟预测）By then we had reached the stage ___________ there were more male readers than female readers. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到那时，我们已经到了男性读者多于女性读者的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故选B项。 例2（2025·天津北辰·三模）5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：5G 商用服务开启了一个新的数字时代，在这个时代里，不仅技术，还有人们的工作能力和生活方式都将得到升级。空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词a new digital age。先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故选C。 Could you please explain the real reason ______ he was absent from such an important meeting yesterday? A．which B．where C．why D．when 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你能解释一下他昨天缺席如此重要会议的真正原因吗？此处引导定语从句，先行词是the real reason，在定语从句中做原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故选C项。 考点三 定语从句中的“介词+关系代词” 知识点1 “介词+关系代词”的基本用法 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，常将介词置于关系代词前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人时，关系代词常用whom；先行词指物时，关系代词常用which；先行词作定语，与空后的名词构成“……的”时，关系代词常用whose。此时，whom、which和whose不可省略。 This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.这是我写这封信用的那支钢笔。(限制性定语从句) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的街道上，她无人可以求助。(非限制性定语从句) Thanks to Mr. Smith, with whose help I made great progress in English. 感谢史密斯先生，在他的帮助下我在英语方面取得了很大进步。 得分速记 先行词 关系词 例句 物 介词+which The sun heats the water and turns it intovapour. This forms clouds from which rainfalls down onto the mountain terraces once again. 水经太阳加热成为水蒸气，水蒸气形成云，而雨水又从云中再次落到山上的梯田里。 人 介词+whom These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. 这些梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民 （物/人）…的 介词+whose+n. Thanks to Mr. Smith, with whose help I made great progress in English. 感谢史密斯先生，在他的帮助下我在英语方面取得了很大进步。 PS：选择介词时，主要看它与先行词及从句中的名词、动词或形容词等的搭配。 知识点2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的使用 先行词 定语从句缺主、宾、表语 定语从句不缺主、宾、表语 way that （省略关系词） which in which 例 尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式,友情的意义和我们对朋友的渴望依然不变。 Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. = Although technology has changed the way that we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. = Although technology has changed the way in which we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 考向1 定语从句的“介词+关系代词”辨析 例1 （2025·天津·一模）The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. A．in which B．with whom C．for which D．for whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意： 春节是所有中国人团聚的独特时刻，为了这个时刻，人们会不远千里返回家乡。先行词为occasion，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为which，表示“为了这一时刻”，介词为for。故选C项。 例2 （24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. A．them B．that C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在实验室对这些病毒做了大量的研究，大多数的病毒极其危险。此处引导定语从句，先行词为viruses，指物，定语从句中缺少of的宾语，故应用which引导定语从句，故填which。 考向2 定语从句中way作先行词时关系词的辨析 例1 （2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 常错情况 病句分析 关系词选用不对；或从句没有紧跟先行词 The guide to which you talked is a good hunter.（×） →此句应把 which 改为 whom。因 guide 是指人的，其关系词只可用 who，whom 或 that。若在介词后，只可用 whom。 He still remembered the men and books which interested him then.（×） →此句应把 which 改为 that，因先行词不仅是 books，还有 men；这种先行词既有人又有物的情况下应用 that。 The shirt is not expensive for him that his uncle likes.（×） →根据句意可知，that 引导的从句是修饰 shirt 的，故应紧跟其后 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语、状语、介词或关系副词 Some of the girls I invited them did not come.（×） →此句应删去 them。因为从句的宾语是省略了的 whom /who 或 that。 Is this the photo which you took it last week?（×） →应删去 it。因为从句的宾语是关系代词 which，无须再用 it 了。 Yesterday we visited the factory where your father worked there.（×） →删去 there。因从句的状语是关系副词 where，再留 there 便重复多余了。 The house where the old man lives in needs repairing.（×） →此句应删去 in。因 where 在这里的意思是 in which，否则介词 in 就重复了。另外，此句也可把关系副词 where 去掉，看成是省掉关系词 which 作介词的宾语 省了从句中作主语的关系代词或缺少先行词 Children eat much sugar often get bad teeth.（×） →一定得从句中应加上作主语的关系词 who /that，即 children who eat much sugar，句子结构才完整。 This is who everyone respects.（×） →who 引导的定语从句前无先行词，故应加上 the person /man 等名词 定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数搞错（关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致） Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.（×） →句中 has 应改为 have，因为 who 指代的 those 是复数。 The woman who teach us English is Jenny.（×） →句中 teach 应改为 teaches，因为 who 指代的 the woman 是单数。 This is one of the houses that is free now.（×） →从句中的 is 应改为 are，因为 that 指 houses，而不是 one。此外在 one 之前加 the only，后面的从句谓语动词不改变也是对的。 注意：“one of the + 复数名词” 这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但是当 one 之前有 the only，the，the very 之类的修饰语时，后面从句的谓语动词则用单数形式。如：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 某些 “动词 + 介词” 固定词组中的介词不可提至关系词之前 The baby after whom the nurse looks is healthy.（×） →此句的短语 after 放在 looks 之后。因 look after “照看” 讲是不可分开的短语。类似这种用法的短语还有：look for，listen to，hand in，wait for，belong to，laugh at，worry about 等。 注意：只有表示所有关系的介词，或关系代词作介词或介词短语的宾语时，这个介词才可前置。如：China has many famous writers, one of whom is Lu Xun. I work in a factory, in front of which there is a river. 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 3．（2011·天津·高考真题）The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A．when B．that C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠体力谋生的日子一去不复返了。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days，先行词作从句的时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语。故选B。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为先行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 7．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 9．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。 11．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ______ up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 100 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$