高中英语语法知识点总结-被动语态 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

被动语态 一、概念 主动语态：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫做主动语态。 被动语态：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫做被动语态。 二、构成：be＋过去分词 肯定：主语+be+过去分词(+by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 否定：主语+be+not+过去分词(+by... ) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 一般疑问：be+主语+过去分词(+by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? —Yes, he was. 特殊疑问：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 1. 一般现在：You are required to do so. (主语+ am/is/are +过去分词+其他) 2. 现在进行：The road is being built.（主语+ am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他） 3. 现在完成：The computer has been repaired. （主语+have/has been+过去分词+其他） 4. 一般过去：The story was made up by her.（主语+ was/were+过去分词+其他） 5. 过去进行：The computer was being repaired. （主语+ was/were+being+过去分词+其他） 6. 过去完成：He said that the work had been done. （主语+ had been +过去分词+其他） 7. 一般将来：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.（主语+ will be+过去分词+其他） 8. 过去将来：He said that the trees would be planted soon. （would + be + 过去分词（肯定句）或would not (wouldn’t) + be + 过去分词（否定句）） 三、特殊的被动语态 1.带情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他 The problem must be solved soon. 2. 带不定式的被动语态 The room needs to be cleaned. The room is going to be cleaned. 3. 及物动词短语的被动语态：即把及物动词短语当做一个整体来变 He often laughs at Mary. 变：Mary is often laughed at by him. Our school put off the sports meeting. 变：The sports meeting was put off by our school. Mary put away all the new books. 变：All the new book were put away by Mary. Tom handed in his homework. 变：His homework was handed in by Tom. 4. 注意下列短语被动语态的形式： ① take good care of : 很好的照顾 You should take good care of them. They should be taken good care of by you. Good care should be taken of them. ② pay attention to n./doing → attention be paid to n./doing You must pay attention to improving your health. Attention must be paid to improving your health by you. ③ make use of ……to do You should make use of your spare time to learn English. 变： Your spare time should be made use of to learn English. 四、下列动词没有被动形式，但意思上可译成被动 1. 不及物动词没有被动形式 happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, come up, turn up 事故何时发生？ When did the accident happened? 我的笔找到了。 My pen turned up. 从自1979年以来我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 Since 1979, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 抗日战争爆发于1937年。 The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937. 2. 系动词没有被动形式。 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, appear, prove…. 玫瑰花闻起来很香。（sweet） The roses smell sweet. 他看起来年轻。 He looks young. 他被证明是个好老师。 He proves a good teacher. 这个故事被证明是假的。 The story proved false. 3. 下列不及物动词与well, easily, smoothly连用，不用被动形式。 表示主语的特点，特征 常见动词： sell, read, feel, write, wash, wear, open, lock, keep, measure, run 【例】 The books sell well. The machine runs well. Your composition reads well. The pen writes smoothly. The door opens/ locks easily. The cloth washes easily. The coat wears well. The river measures easily. 4. 下列短语无被动形式 belong to 属于 turn up 出现；调高 be worth 值得 lead to 导致；通向 turn out 结果是；生产 consist of 由……组成 date back to 追溯到 come up 出现；提出 这些书属于我。 The books belong to me. 这个车属于老王。 The car belongs to Old Wang. 这条路通往车站。 The road leads to the station. 我的笔被找到了。 My pen turned up. 这座庙可追溯到唐朝。 The temple dates back to Tang Dynasty. 会议上出现了许多问题。 Many problems came up at the meeting. 他的理论结果是错的。 His theory turned out wrong. 这电影值得看。 The film is worth seeing. 5. 英语中主动形式表示被动含义。 ① 在谓语动词是have（“有”）中的句中的不定式，不定式为后置定语。 若不定时的发出者是句子主语，不定式用主动。 若不定式动作的发出者不是句子主语，不定式用被动。 I have a lot of work to do. (do) He has 2 computers to repair. (repair) “Do you have many clothes to be washed (wash)?” asked the servant. ② 在主系表adj + to do 结构中，to do 用主动。 注意： 表语必须为adj. to do 的宾语是句子的主语（动宾结构），即不定式的主语是动宾关系。 当to do 为不及物动词时，需在后面加相应的介词。 The book is easy to understand. The question is hard to answer. The man is difficult to deal with. 玛丽很容易相处。 Mary is easy to get along with. 这个屋子住起来很舒服。 The room is comfortable to live in. ③ 在There be 句式中做定语的不定式用主动形式。 There are many questions to discuss. There is a lot of work to do. There is nothing to do today. ④ 下列短语用主动形式表达被动含义。 to be blame for…..因……受责备；对……负责任 be (well) worth doing : 很值得做 come up vi. （问题等）被提出 turn up vi. 出现；到来 consist of… 由……组成 约翰应该为这次事故负责任（受责备）。 John is to blame for the accident. 这本书这的再被读一次。 The book is worth reading again. 我丢失的钢笔被找到了。 My lost pen turned up. 许多问题在会议上被提出来。 Many problems came up at the meeting. 这个俱乐部由100人组成。 The club consists of 100 people. ⑤“需要被……”的表达方法 need to be done doing 相同用法，相同含义的词：want, require 教室需要被打扫。 The classroom needs to be cleaned. 你的头发需要被剪了。 Your hair need to be cut/cutting. 这个婴儿需要被照顾。 The baby needs to be looked after. ⑥ “值得被……”的表达方法： be worth doing deserve to be done doing 他做的事值得被表扬。 What he did deserved to be praised. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$