UNIT 2 Section 3 Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册五维课堂同步Word教案（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P16)I became more motivated，and I'm also a lot more ambitious now! 我越来越积极了，现在也雄心勃勃多了！ motivated adj.积极的；主动的 ◆[佳句感知] (1)People will be expecting to see something from us and this will keep us motivated. 人们将会期待从我们这儿看到一些东西，这将使我们保持积极。 (2)Our teachers always motivate us to seek knowledge by ourselves. 我们的老师总是激励我们自己寻求知识。 [归纳拓展] motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励 motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 motivation n．[U]动力；积极性；[C]动机 motivation for (doing)sth.(做)某事的动机 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Unless you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay 　motivated　 (motivate)after one or two nights. ②You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself 　to_set　 (set) a fresh goal. ③With a high level of 　motivation　 (motivate)and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. 2．(教材P17)The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. 顾问谈到在国外学习时要保持合理的期望。 expectation n．[C，usually pl.]期望；指望；[C，usually pl.，U]希望，盼望 [U，C]预料，预期，期待 ◆[佳句感知] (1)Some people have totally unrealistic expectations of both medical and nursing staff. 有些人对医护人员的期望完全不切实际。 (2)It was an A，which was beyond my expectations.我得了个A，这出乎我的意料。 (3)In expectation of a traffic jam，I decided to walk.我预料会堵车，于是决定步行。 [归纳拓展] expectations of...对……的期望 with expectations 怀着希望 live up to/meet(one's)expectations达到(某人的)期望，如(某人)所愿 expect v．期待；预料 expect to do sth.期待/预料做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期待/预计某人做某事 expect＋that从句　期待…… be expected to do sth.被期待做某事 expected adj.预料的，预期的 unexpected adj.出乎意料的，始料不及的 unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地，意料之外地 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise(妥协)between parents'　expectations　 (expect)and their kids' desires. ②The global population is expected 　to_grow　 (grow)to 9.6 billion by 2050，and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. ③Lindsey's husband was totally astonished by the 　unexpected　 (expected)visit. [完成句子] ④老实说，尽管杰克是我最喜欢的演员之一，但他在这部电影中饰演的角色并没有如我所愿。 To be honest，the role Jack plays in this film doesn't 　live_up_to/meet_my_expectations　 ，though he is one of my favourite actors ⑤他们预料会下雨，就关上了窗户。 They closed the window 　in_expectation_of_rain　 . 3．(教材P17)Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm? 谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请人？ applicant n．[C]申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等) ◆[佳句感知] (1)There are many applicants for the job. 申请这份工作的人很多。 (2)I don't think the applicant is suitable for the post. 我认为这个申请人不适合这个岗位。 [归纳拓展]　apply vt.应用，使用；vi.&vt.申请 apply...to...把……应用于…… apply(to...)for...(向……)申请…… apply to do sth.申请做某事 application n．[C，U]应用，运用；申请，请求，申请书，申请表 an application form一份申请表 ◆[即学即练] [语篇填空] Lily graduated from Harvard University a month ago.She ①　applied_to　 a big company ②　for　 a post last week.The interviewer said her ③　application　 was the best among all the ④　applicants　 and that she was hired.Lily was very happy and determined to work hard and ⑤　apply　 her professional knowledge ⑥　to　 her new job. 莉莉一个月前从哈佛大学毕业。她上周向一家大公司申请了一个岗位。面试者说她的申请表是所有应聘者中最棒的，还说她被雇用了。莉莉很高兴，决心努力工作并把自己的专业知识运用到她的新工作中。 4．(教材P17)Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 接触另一种文化及其人民可以让交换生对世界有深刻的了解。 exposure n．[sing.，U]接触，体验(常与to连用)/U/暴露，亮相；揭露 ◆[佳句感知] (1)The visit to German gave them exposure to the language. 德国之行使他们有机会接触到德语。 (2)Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of children. 众所周知，接触铅对儿童的大脑有害。 (3)Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. 她的新片媒体有很多报道。 [归纳拓展]　expose vt.使接触，使体验；暴露，显露；揭穿，揭露；使面临，使遭受 expose sb.to sth.使某人接触/体验/遭受……(其被动形式为sb.be exposed to sth.) ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Exposing yourself 　to　 English as much as possible is the instrument of learning it well. ②The pregnant(怀孕的)woman always sits in the non­smoking area of restaurants to reduce her 　exposure　 (expose)to smoke. [完成句子] If you are in the sun for too much time，you will get sunburnt. ③If you 　expose_yourself_to　 the sunlight for too much time，you will get sunburnt. ④　Exposed_to　 the sunlight for too much time，you will get sunburnt. [句式精析] (教材P17)The biggest reason why he loves China，however，is that he enjoys being with Chinese people. 然而，他热爱中国的最大原因是他喜欢和中国人在一起。 [句式分析] ，， . reason后接定语从句的用法 reason 作先行词，后接定语从句时： (1)若关系词在从句中作状语，要用why或for which引导定语从句。 ①There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all，uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 校服是个好主意有几个原因。首先，校服有助于使学校看起来整洁漂亮。学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。 ②The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 (2)若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，要用which或that引导定语从句，其中作宾语时关系词可省略。 ①He gave us a reason that/which sounded reasonable. 他给了我们一个理由，这个理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作主语) ②The reason(which/that)he has given sounds reasonable. 他给出的理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略) [归纳拓展]　reason构成的常见搭配： ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①The reason 　why　 I admire him is 　that　 his positive attitude to life has a great influence on me. ②Is this the reason 　that/which　 he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? ③Another reason 　for　 corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 　to_improve　 (improve)water quality. 名词性从句——主语从句和宾语从句 自我探究 总结归纳 1.That the baby could speak made his parents very happy. that引导的是名词性从句，在句中作made的主语 2.Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how to cook it，too. she always feels hungry...，为省略了that 的名词性从句，在句中作says 的宾语 3.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. What seemed strange before 为what引导的名词性从句，在句中作主语 4.Whoever is interested in making small inventions can join in it Whoever is interested in making small inventions为whoever引导的名词性从句，在句中作主语 [基本概念] 主语从句和宾语从句都属于名词性从句，名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 [思维导图] [语法精析] 一、主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中起主语作用的从句。主语从句的连接词有四类： that类：that 在从句中无意义，无功能 whether/if类：whether或if在从句中有意义(是否)，无功能 代词类：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，和whomever，在名词性从句中各自有自己的意义，且在从句中有相应的功能(主语、宾语、表语和定语) 副词类：when，where，why和how，在名词性从句中各自有自己的意义，且在从句中有相应的功能(状语—表示时间、地点、原因和方式) 1．that引导的主语从句 (1)that在主语从句中不充当成分，也没有含义，但通常不能省略。 *That our team had won first prize made us very happy. 我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。 *That Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature made us very proud. 莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖使我们非常骄傲。 (2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种： ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，wonderful，likely，possible，certain，etc.)＋that... *It is obvious that you've made a big mistake. 显然，你犯了一个大错。 *It is certain that she will do very well in the exam. 她一定会在这次考试中考得很好。 ②It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder，the case，an honour，a pity，a good thing，no surprise，a fact，a shame，etc.)＋that... *You have been walking for hours.It's no wonder that you are so tired. 你一直走了好几个小时。难怪你会这么累。 ►[学以致用] ①It's no secret 　that　 China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers. ②It is possible 　that　 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷)in humans，too. ③　It　 is important that you let them know when you'll be available. ④It doesn't matter 　that　 she doesn't agree to our plan. 2．whether/if引导的主语从句 whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句可以位于复合句的句首，也可位于句尾；而if引导的主语从句只放在句尾，前面用it作形式主语。 *Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。 *It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam. 他是否通过了考试还不确定。 ►[学以致用] ①The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but 　whether　 he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. ②It doesn't matter 　whether/if　 you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 3．连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 ※What angered me most was his total lack of regret. 最使我生气的是他居然毫无悔意。 ※Which plan is better should be discussed. 应该讨论哪一个计划更好。 ►[学以致用] ① 　What　 is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. ②Every year, 　whoever　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. ③Your support is important to our work.　Whatever　 you can do helps. 4．连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词when，where，how，why引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又在从句中作状语。where在主语从句中作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语，how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句，也常用it作形式主语。 *How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 *Where she lives has not been found yet. 还没有找到她住在哪里。 ►[学以致用] ① 　How　 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ②Exactly 　when　 the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. 二、宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。 1．连接词 (1)that引导的宾语从句 that在引导宾语从句时不充当任何成分，也没有含义，且通常可以省略。 *He told me(that)he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我下一年他会去上大学。 *We all agree that it would be very convenient to go there by bus. 我们都认为坐公共汽车去那儿将会很方便。 *Everyone could see，I believe，that Mike was very terrified. 我相信人人都能看出迈克很害怕。 *I believe(that)you have done your best and that everything will go well. 我相信你已经尽力了，而且一切都会顺利的。 ►[学以致用] ①I truly believe 　that　 beauty comes from within. ②Do you know 　that　 he has joined the army? ③He has made it clear 　that　 he will not give in. ④He is a good student except 　that　 he is a little kit careless. (2)if/whether引导的宾语从句 if/whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词(短语)ask，care，wonder，know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。 *Nobody knows whether/if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否会下雨。 *Tom asked whether/if I had read the book. 汤姆问我是否读过这本书。 [易错警示]　在下列情况下用whether而不用if引导宾语从句： (1)直接与or not连用时。 I don't know whether or not they could pass the exam.我不知道他们是否能通过考试。 (2)从句位于介词之后时。 I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。 ►[学以致用] ①Data about the moon's composition，...，could help China decided of 　whether　 its plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical. ②With that in mind，Moore asked her dad 　if/whether　 she could start her own candy company. ③She asked me 　whether/if　 I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't. ④I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance 　whether　 or not you will come. (3)连接代词引导的宾语从句 连接代词who，whom，what，whose，whoever，whatever等引导宾语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。 *Do you ever discover who sent you the flowers? 你弄清是谁给你送的花了吗？ *The book will show you what the best writers should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的作家该了解些什么。 ►[学以致用] ①He wants very much to earn some money，but I don't see 　what　 he can do. ②I figured 　whoever　 lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dog. ③The gold medal will be awarded to 　whoever　 wins the first place in the bicycle race. ④I'm not sure 　who　 is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. ⑤Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created，and she's also positive about 　what/whatever　 the future might bring. (4)连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接副词when(ever)，where(ver)，how(ever)，why等引导宾语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语。 *He didn't tell me when we would meet again. 他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。 *None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 我们都不知道能在哪里买到这些新零件。 ►[学以致用] ①What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　where　 they go. ②—I wonder 　how　 Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. ③We must find out 　when　 Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. 2．动词(词组)后的宾语从句 大多数及物动词和动词(词组)后都可以跟宾语从句，需要注意： (1)在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。这类动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(ask，demand，require，request)等。 *She insisted that she(should)organize the trip perfectly. 她坚持要把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 *He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut. 他命令关闭所有的大门。 *I suggested that he(should)study harder. 我建议他应该更加努力学习。 (2)动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 *We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。 (3)有些动词短语后跟宾语从句时要先在从句前加形式宾语it。常见的这类动词短语有owe to，see to，rely on，depend on等。 *Please see to it that the children go to bed by 9 o'clock. 请务必让孩子们9点前上床睡觉。 (4)有些表示喜好、憎恶的动词后接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语，常见的这类动词有hate，like等。 *I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 ►[学以致用] ①The teacher requests that we 　should_get　 (get)along well with each other. ②I have made it a rule 　that　 I keep a diary every day. ③You may depend on 　it　 that they will support you. 3．介词后的宾语从句 一般情况下，介词后常接wh­类连接词引导的宾语从句。而except，but等少数介词后可接that引导的宾语从句。 *We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 *I was curious as to what we would do next. 我很想知道下一步我们将做什么。 ►[学以致用] ①We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of 　what　 it used to charge. ②Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for 　what　 Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 4．宾语从句的注意事项 (1)宾语从句的语序和时态：宾语从句一律要用陈述语序，且连接词位于从句句首。若主句是祈使句或主句用的是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可根据需要选用合适的时态；若主句用的是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的某种时态；若从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。 *The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了。 (2)否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，即否定转移。存在 否定转移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时应注意的问题： ①若主句的主语是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致； ②若主句的主语不是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。 *I don't think he can remember the 100 words within two hours，can he? 我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词，是吗？ (3)doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后用that引导宾语从句；用于肯定句时，其后用whether或if 引导宾语从句。 *I never doubted that she would come. 我从未怀疑过她会来。 ►[学以致用] ①The teacher said 　that　 the earth runs around the sun. ②You don't 　think　 he passed the exam，do you? ③I doubt 　whether/if　 the new one will be much better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$