UNIT 5 SECTION 5 LESSON 3-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册五维课堂同步Word教案（北师大版2019）

SECTION Ⅴ　LESSON 3 [教材原文] Who questions much，shall learn much, and remember much. —Francis Bacon It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with，we need questions.Then，to find answers，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us. However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561­1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against the views of the day.Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England，his true interest was not the day­to­day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei(1564­1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact，when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe，instead of believing him，people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old! It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384­322 BCE)．He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still.Galilei disagreed.At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.They didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true.And this is still often true today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.And Galilei also made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong. Therefore，our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will，as this would mean a world with questions. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world. All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them. —Galileo Galilei [汉语译文] “多问，多学，多得。” ——弗朗西斯·培根 今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。 然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561­1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探索知识并不是那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564­1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而宁愿相信2000年前的陈旧观点！ 人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384­公元前322)提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。亚里士多德坚信地球是宇宙的中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。但伽利略却不同意。起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，人们生气了，并把他送进监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利略自己也犯过错误。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。 因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并且说：“我什么都知道了。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 “所有的真理一旦被发现，都很容易理解。最难的是发现真理。” ——伽利略·伽利莱 ●基础单词 1．　analysis　 n．分析 2．　rank　 n．等级 3．　inefficient　 adj.效率低的 4．　worthy　 adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 5．　primitive 　 adj.原始的 6．　urge　 vt.强烈要求 7．　abandon　 vt.放弃；抛弃 8．　owe　 vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 9．conventional　 adj.守旧的；传统的 10．kingdom　 n．王国 11．　civilisation　 n．文明 12．　mankind　 n．人类 ●拓展单词 1．　obvious　 adj.显然的；明显的；易理解的→　obviously　 adv.明显地；显而易见地 2．　universe　 n．宇宙→　universal　 adj.普遍(存在)的，宇宙的，全世界的 3．　approve　 vt.赞成；赞许；批准→　approval　 n．赞成；认可；通过；赞许 4．　assume　 v．假设；认为→　assumption　 n．假定，假设→　assuming　 conj.假定；假设 5．　wise　 adj.充满智慧的，明智的→　wisely　 adv.聪明地；明智地→　wisdom　 n．智慧 6．　benefit　 n．好处；优势 v．获益→　beneficial　 adj.有利的；有帮助的 1．　to start with　 首先，第一 2．　be used to　 习惯于 3．　go against　 违背；对……不利 4．　tend to　 有……的趋势，倾向于 5．　put forward　 提出 6．　put sb.in prison　 把某人关进监狱 7．　in other words　 换句话说 8．　owe...to...　 把……归功于…… 9．fight for　 为……而斗争，努力争取 1．the moment为名词，在此处作连词，相当于as soon as“一……就……”。 Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents. 每年，一上火车，我就听到周边全是山西口音。 2．with no one coming to their defence是with的复合结构在句中作状语。 At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei(1564­1642)，who proved the idea that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564­1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 3．It为形式主语，代替真正的主语that引导的主语从句。 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384­322 BCE)． 人们愿意相信这些陈旧的观点并不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384­公元前322)提出来的。 Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. 1．What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding? A．To find answers. B．To study the facts. C．To test answers. D．To put forward questions. 2．Who solve problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage? A．People nowadays. B．People in the 17th century. C．Modern scientists and thinkers. D．The great philosopher Aristotle. 3．People in the 17th century didn't believe Galileo Galilei because 　________　. A．they believed more in religion B．the Earth was standing still C．Bacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the centre of the universe D．Galilei couldn't prove his view that the Earth was not the centre of the universe 4．What's the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph? A．Aristotle was wrong. B．It's unbelievable for great men to be wrong. C．Galilei was wrong. D．Everyone can be wrong at times. 5．What's the main idea of the sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them”？ A．All truths are easy to discover. B．It's most important to discover truths. C．It's more important to understand truths than to discover them. D．If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them. 答案：1.D　2.C　3.A　4.D　 5.B Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. Understanding People try to solve the world's problems with analysis. To start with，we need questions.Then，to find answers，we 1.　observe　 the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Luckily for us，modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of 2.　analysis　. People believed in religion in ancient times. Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is this type of thinking.But more people in his days believed more in the 3.　church　 than in facts. The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to 4.　challenge　 what they had always comfortably believed. Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the 5.　universe　，but many people in his days chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old. People believed in what someone important and respected said. People make the 6.　assumption　 that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who 7.　inspired　 many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. People thanked the great men who studied in a scientific way. We 8.　owe　 so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the 9.shadows　 of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's 10.civilisation　 is built upon. 1．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 表示“值得”的句型： (1)be worth＋n.＝be worthy of＋n. (2)be worth doing＝be worthy (3)It's worthwhile doing/to do sth. [名师点津] (1)表示“很值得做……”，要用be well worth doing...； (2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 ◆[经典佳句] The Chinese community is well worth a visit. →The Chinese community is well worthy of a visit. 华人社区非常值得去参观一下。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 一句多译 这篇文章值得仔细研读。 ①The article 　is worthy of careful study　. ②The article 　is worthy of being studied carefully　. ③The article 　is worthy to be studied carefully　. ④The article 　is worth studying carefully　. ⑤It's 　worthwhile studying/to study the article carefully　. 2．approve vt.批准；通过 vi.赞成；赞许 (1)approve of (doing) sth. 赞成(做)某事 approve sth. 批准，通过某事 (2)approval n. 赞成；赞许；批准 meet with one's approval 得到某人的批准 win one's approval 赢得某人的支持 without approval 未经许可 ◆[经典佳句] The committee approved the plan at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上委员会通过了该项计划。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①It made no difference that our travelling plan didn't win parents' 　approval　 (approve)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ②The local government has　 approved the new construction plan　. 地方政府已经批准了新的建设计划。 ③Now people 　approve of living a low­carbon life. 　现在人们赞成过低碳生活。 3．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 (1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sth. on/upon sb. 大力推荐；竭力主张 urge...into doing... 催促/怂恿……做…… urge that...(should) do. 主张……；力劝…… (2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 ◆[经典佳句] The government urged people to wear masks and keep a safe distance to protect themselves. 政府敦促民众戴上口罩，并保持安全距离以保护自己。 [名师点津]　urge后跟that从句时，从句中使用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①I urged that we 　(should) take　 (take) immediate measures to prevent such thing happening again. ②The teacher urged 　on/upon　 us the necessity of practice. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③I 　urge him to write　 a novel about the life that we live together in the country. 我力劝他写一部关于我们共同生活在乡下的小说。 ④The vacation is coming and 　I have an urge to travel　. 假期快到了，我迫切地想去旅行。 4．abandon vt.放弃，抛弃；舍弃；离开；陷入，沉溺于 (1)abandon sb. 遗弃某人 abandon sth.舍弃某物 abandon oneself to...陷入，沉溺于…… (2)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的 ◆[经典佳句] The heavy snow blocked roads and I had to abandon the car and went on foot. 大雪封路，我不得不弃车步行。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Those 　abandoned　(abandon) children have now got a home. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ②Research shows the elderly quite fear to 　be abandoned to the care of strangers　. 研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。 ③After hearing the news about the accident，she 　abandoned herself to　 hopelessness. 听到关于此次事故的消息后，她陷入了绝望。 5．assumption n．假定，假设 (1)make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假定……；假设…… (2)assume vt. 假定，假设；认为 assume...to be... 认为……是…… assume (that)．.. 认为…… It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为…… (3)assuming (that)．.. 假定…… ◆[经典佳句] It was impossible to make an assumption about people's response to the new plan. 臆断人们对新计划的反应是不可能的。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①We must assume him 　to be　 (be) innocent until he is proved guilty. ②　Assuming　 (assume) that you are right，what should we do next? ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③The project was predicated 　 on the assumption that　 the economy was expanding. 这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。 ④　It is generally assumed that 　stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力是工作过多所致。 6．vital adj.极其重要的；必不可少的 be vital to/for 对……极为重要 It's vital to do sth. 做某事极其重要 It's vital that...(should) do...……至关重要 ◆[经典佳句] I'm going to be independent and need to learn this vital skill. 我就要独立(生活)了，需要学习这一极其重要的技能。 [名师点津]　vital可用作定语和表语。用作表语时，后面可接介词for或to引导的短语，表示“对……极其重要”。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①Consideration for other people 　 is vital for 　all of us. 对我们所有人来说，体谅他人至关重要。 ②It is vital that everyone 　(should) receive good education　. 每个人都应该接受良好的教育是至关重要的。 ③What's worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians don't think 　it is vital to obey traffic rules　. 更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则并不重要。 7．beneficial adj.有利的；有帮助的 (1)be beneficial to...对……有益 (2)benefit v. 有益于，得益于 n. 益处，好处 benefit from/by... 从……中受益 for the benefit of sb.(＝for sb.'s benefit) 为了某人的利益；为帮助某人 be of＋benefit to... 对……有益 ◆[经典佳句] Sunshine and fresh air are beneficial to your recovery from illness. 阳光和新鲜空气对你病情的恢复有益。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①When people offer you words of praise，it may not always be 　for　 your benefit. ②Both sides have benefited 　from　 the talks. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③Exercising regularly and eating reasonably 　is beneficial to our health　. 定期锻炼并合理饮食对我们的健康有好处。 8．put forward提出；将钟表拨快；将……提前；推荐 put away 储存，收起来放好 put down 写下；镇压 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演，装出(某种样子)；增加(体重) put out 扑灭，熄灭 put up 挂起，举起；贴；给……提供住宿 put up with 忍受 ◆[经典佳句] The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. 经理提出建议，我们应该有一个助手。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①I don't know how you put up 　with　 their constant quarreling. ②They put 　up　 a board where they could put 　up　 notices. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③Can 　I put you/your name forward　 for golf club secretary? 我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？ ④　Never put off till tomorrow　 what may be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 1．(教材P36)At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei(1564­1642)，who proved the idea that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564­1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 [句式结构]　with no one coming to their defence作状语，表示方式。 ◆[规律总结] (1)在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，with为介词，宾语补足语可以是分词、介词短语、副词、形容词和不定式。 (2)with＋复合宾语构成的复合结构，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可以作定语。 ◆[经典佳句] With his work finished，he locked the door and went home. 干完工作，他锁上门回家了。 ◆[误区规避]　语法填空： The old man often goes out for a walk，with the water 　_____　(run)． (可能失误)填runs (正确表达)填running (错误分析)谨记此规律：with为介词，宾语补足语要使用非谓语动词，run与water为主谓关系。因此使用running。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①　With his key lost　，he couldn't get into the office. 他的钥匙丢失了，他不能进入办公室。 ②I had to go to bed 　with nothing to do　. 我没有事可做，只好睡觉。 ③He likes to sleep 　with lights on　. 他喜欢开着灯睡觉。 ④　With the door open　，the noise of the machines can be heard clearly. 门开着，能清晰地听到机器的声音。 ⑤　With prices going up so fast　，we can't afford luxuries. 物价涨得这么快，我们买不起奢侈品了。 2．(教材P37)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384­322 BCE)．人们愿意相信这些陈旧的观点并不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384­公元前322)提出来的。 [句式结构]　It is not surprising that...表示“……不足为奇”。It为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。 ◆[规律总结] (1)“It's＋adj.＋that...”常用来表示“某事情是……的”。 用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。 (2)it作形式主语的句型还有： It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported等)＋that...据说/据报道…… It＋不及物动词(seem，appear等)＋that...好像/好似…… It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，no wonder等)＋that... ……真可惜/不足为奇。 ◆[经典佳句] It is likely that a storm is coming soon. 有可能要有一场暴风雨。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①　It is not surprising that　 your cousin hasn't passed the exam. 你堂兄没通过这次考试不足为奇。 ②　It is reported that　 the fall of the landslide has caused two hundred deaths. 据报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。 ③　It is strange that　 nobody knows where he has gone. 很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿了。 ④　It is amazing that　 the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 这个男孩能迅速解决这个问题，真令人吃惊。 ⑤　It is a pity that　 you didn't attend my birthday party last night. 很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$