2025-2026学年人教版（2012）九年级英语语法预习（三）定语从句

九年级语法预习（三） 定语从句 1、 定义 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。它相当于一个形容词，用于对先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）进行限定、描述，让表达更加具体、精确 。 例句： The girl who has long hair is my sister. （有着长头发的那个女孩是我妹妹。），其中“who has long hair”就是定语从句，修饰先行词“the girl”。 2、 引导词（关系词） 引导词在定语从句中至关重要，它连接主句和定语从句，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分。引导词分为关系代词和关系副词。 · 关系代词：主要有who、whom、which、that、whose、as ，用来指代人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等成分。 1. who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语 。 作主语时： The man who is singing is my teacher.（正在唱歌的那个男人是我的老师） 作宾语时可与whom互换且常可省略： The person (who/whom) you met yesterday is my friend.（你昨天遇见的那个人是我的朋友） 。 2. whom：只能指代人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略 。 The girl (whom) we talked about is very clever.（我们谈论的那个女孩非常聪明） 。 3. which：指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语 。 作主语时： A book which lies on the table is very interesting. （放在桌子上的那本书很有趣）作宾语时可省略： The pen (which) I bought yesterday writes well.（我昨天买的那支笔很好写） 。 4. that：既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 。 作主语时： The boy that is playing basketball is my brother.（正在打篮球的那个男孩是我的弟弟） 作宾语时可省略： The movie (that) we saw last night was wonderful.（我们昨晚看的电影很棒） 。 5. whose：表示所属关系，可指代人或物，在从句中作定语 。 指人时：The student whose father is a doctor studies very hard.（那个父亲是医生的学生学习非常努力） 指物时： I live in a room whose window faces south.（我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里） 此时whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which （指物）或of whom （指人），比如上面的句子可以改为I live in a room the window of which faces south. 6. as：引导定语从句时，常用于一些固定结构，如such...as （像……这样的），the same...as （和……一样的） 。 例句：He is such a good student as we all like.（他是一个我们都喜欢的好学生） · 关系副词：包括when、where、why ，在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。 1. when：先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词 + which” 。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.”（我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天） ，也可以写成I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 2. where：先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词 + which” 。 例句： This is the house where I lived ten years ago.（这是我十年前住过的房子） ，也可以写成This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 3. why：先行词通常是reason，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for + which” 。 例句：The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车） ，也可以写成The reason for which he was late was that he missed the bus. 3、 注意 1. 关系词的省略：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但紧跟在介词后面的关系代词不可省略 。 例句： The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（作宾语，可省略） The man to whom you talked just now is my teacher.（紧跟在介词to后面，whom不可省略） 。 2. 从句谓语动词的单复数：当关系词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致 。 例句： The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（先行词the boy是单数，从句谓语动词用is） The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（先行词the boys是复数，从句谓语动词用are） 。 3. 避免重复：关系词已经代替先行词在从句中充当成分，从句中不能再出现指代先行词的代词 。例如不能说 This is the book which I bought it yesterday. 应去掉it 。 4、 特殊用法 · 只能用that，不能用which的情况 1. 当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、much等不定代词时 。例句： Is there anything that I can do for you?（有什么我可以为你做的吗？） 2. 先行词被序数词修饰时 。 例句： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.（我学的第一节课永远不会被忘记） 。 3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 。 例句： This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影） 。 4. 先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时 。 例句：He is the only person that I can trust.（他是我唯一可以信任的人） 。 5. 先行词既有人又有物时 。 例句：We talked about the people and things that we saw during the trip.（我们谈论了我们在旅途中看到的人和事） 。 6. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，用that 。 例句：Who is the girl that is singing over there?（在那边唱歌的女孩是谁？） 。 · 只能用which，不能用that的情况 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，用which不用that 。非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句的意思 。 例句： The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书，我昨天买的，非常有趣） 。 2. 关系代词前有介词时，只能用which 。 例句： The house in which I live is very old.（我住的房子非常旧） 。 3. 先行词本身是that时 。 例句： What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?（刚才在天空中闪过的那个东西是什么？） 。 定语从句练习 一、单项选择 1. This is the house ______ I lived two years ago. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my sister. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 3. I still remember the day ______ we first met. A. which B. where C. when D. that 4. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library. A. who B. where C. whose D. which 5. The man ______ daughter is a doctor is our teacher. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 6. He told me a story ______ made me laugh. A. who B. which C. where D. when 7. This is the city ______ I was born. A. which B. when C. where D. that 8. The students ______ are from Class 1 will take part in the competition. A. who B. which C. where D. whose 9. I don’t like the film ______ we saw last night. A. who B. where C. that D. when 10. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. A. which B. why C. where D. when 11. This is the pen ______ I used to write the letter. A. which B. with which C. where D. in which 12. The girl with ______ I went shopping is my cousin. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 13. We visited the school ______ my father taught 20 years ago. A. which B. when C. where D. whose 14. The book ______ cover is red is very interesting. A. who B. which C. whose D. that 15. I’ll never forget the time ______ we spent together in the countryside. A. which B. when C. where D. why 16. Is this the factory ______ you worked last year? A. which B. when C. where D. that 17. The boy ______ father is a worker studies very hard. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 18. The story ______ he told us is very exciting. A. who B. which C. where D. when 19. I know the girl ______ is talking to our teacher. A. who B. which C. where D. whose 20. This is the hotel ______ we stayed during our holiday. A. which B. when C. where D. that 二、填出恰当的关系词 1. The man ______ is sitting by the window is my uncle. 2. This is the school ______ I studied when I was a child. 3. I have a friend ______ father is a famous scientist. 4. The book ______ you lent me last week is very interesting. 5. Do you remember the day ______ we first met? 6. The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired. 7. This is the reason ______ he refused to help us. 8. The girl ______ I met yesterday is from Canada. 9. We visited the museum ______ has a lot of ancient relics. 10. The pen ______ I write my homework is very expensive. 11. He is the student ______ won the first prize in the competition. 12. The city ______ we lived for five years is very beautiful. 13. The photo ______ was taken in front of the Eiffel Tower is my favorite. 14. I don’t know the boy ______ mother is a doctor. 15. The film ______ we watched last night was directed by a famous director. 16. This is the park ______ we often go for a walk. 17. The teacher ______ teaches us English is very kind. 18. The letter ______ I received yesterday was from my pen pal. 19. Do you know the girl ______ is wearing a red dress? 20. The hotel ______ we stayed last summer is near the sea. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5 BACDC；6-10 BCACB；11-15 BBCCA；16-20 CCABC 二、填出恰当的关系词 1. who/that；2. where；3. whose；4. that/which；5. when；6. whose；7. why；8. who/whom/that；9. that/which；10. with which；11. who/that；12. where；13. that/which；14. whose；15. that/which；16. where；17. who/that；18. that/which；19. who/that；20. where 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$