内容正文:
英语语法
章
第12
名词性从句
英语
名饲性从句
语法
YINGYUYUFA
在句子中起到名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词性从包。根据它们在句中语法作用的不同,
可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
知识.网路导澳
知识网络提纲挈领
连接词:haL,whether,.if
引导名词性从句的关联词
连接代词:who,what,which.
连接副词:when,where,why
主语从句
如:Whichever you want is yours.
名词性
高考热点
从句
宾语从句
t如:I wonder whether he will go or not..
表语从句
The problem is who we can get to replace him.
类
《集备禽”
同位语从句
如:The news that they won the gold medal
was very encouraging.
用来具体说明某一名词的实际内容
或对该名词作进一步解释的从句
专题.考点涵视
核心要点技法突破
一、宾语从句
1.宾语从句的连接词
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句
连接词的类型
所作句子成分
that
(Object Clause)。宾语从句可分为三类:动词
属连词
不作句子成分,
if
只起连接作用
后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后
whether
的宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有
who (ever)
主语、宾语、表语
whom (ever)
宾语
三类:从属连词that,whether,if等;连接代
连接代词
whose
定语
what,who,whose,which,whatever,
what (ever)
主语、宾语、表语、定语
whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,
which (ever)
主语、宾语、表语、定语
where,how,why,whenever,.wherever等。
·118·
第12章名词性从句
连接词的类型
所作句子成分
(2)动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法:
when
时间状语
用法
例句
连接副词
where
地点状语
I don't doubt that the
why
原因状语
that从句
plan is practical,but I
(doubt用于否定
doubt whether/if he will
how
方式状语
句或疑问句)
stick with the plan until
doubt+
①(2025·全国一卷)Fortunately,analy-
whether/if从句
it's finished.我不怀疑
ses suggest that renewables are up to the
(doubt用于肯
这个计划很实用,但是
定句)
我怀疑他能否坚持下
task.
去,直到计划完成。
幸运的是,分析表明可再生能源能够胜任
这项任务。
The teacher sugges
2Jenny asked me whether/if I had re-
ted that we (should)
demand
turned the bike to its owner.詹尼问我是否已
clean the blackboard
order
that从句[从
after class..老师建议
经把自行车还给了它的主人。
suggest
句谓语用
我们课后擦黑板。
3Bill wanted to know who did this.
advise
“(should+)
The boss ordered that
比尔想知道是谁做了这件事。
insist
动词原形”门
the task (should)be
4 He didn't tell me when we would
request
completed by noon,老
command
meet.他没告诉我我们何时见面。
板命令(我们)中午之
5Could you show me how I can get to
前完成任务。
the zoo?你能给我指一下怎样去动物园吗?
find
I think it necessary
⑥(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Discover why art-
feel
that we drink plenty
it(形式宾
think
ists and photographers continue to be drawn
十语)十宾补十
of boiled water every
believe
day.我认为我们每天
to this special place.
that从句
consider
喝大量开水是有必
了解为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引
make等
要的。
到这个特殊的地方。
hate
2.动词后接宾语从句的用法
I hate it when they
like
talk with their mouths
(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾
appreciate
+t+从句
full of food.我讨厌他
语从句。
depend on
们嘴里满含食物时
D We should keep in mind that there
rely on等
说话。
aren't any short cuts to learning.我们应当牢
3.介词后接宾语从句的用法
记,学习是没有任何捷径的。
(I)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接
②(2024·新课标I卷)Do your part to
词引导的宾语从句。
preserve what makes a destination special in
DHe'll talk to us about what happened
the first place.
in the classroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生
尽自己的一份力量,首先保留目的地的特
的事情。
别之处。
2Contrary to what many people think,
3When I walked on the street,I wanted
HIV cannot be transmitted through mosqui-
to say how clean the streets were.
toes,coughs or sneezes.
当我走在街上,我想说街道是多么干
与许多人的想法相反,艾滋病病毒不能通
净啊。
过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。
·119·
英语语法
(2)in,but,except等少数几个介词后可
DHe says that he studies at school from
接由that引导的宾语从句,但此时介词和that
Monday to Friday.他说他从周一至周五都
已形成固定搭配,即in that因为,but that要
在学校学习。(主句用一般现在时,从句用
不是,except that除了。
一般现在时)
DThe high income tax is harmful in that
2He will tell us what happened to him
it may discourage people from trying to earn
more.个人所得税高是有害的,因为它可能会
during our absence..他会告诉我们我们不在
阻止人们努力赚取更多的钱。
期间他出了什么事。(主句用一般将来时,
2He would have failed but that you
从句用一般过去时)
helped him.
(2)若主句的谓语动词用一般过去时,则从
若不是你帮助他,他会失败的。
句的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态(一般
3I know nothing about him except that
过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将
he lives here.
来时)。
除了知道他住在这儿之外,我对他一无所知。
4.形容词后接宾语从句的用法
DMy Chinese teacher asked me if I was
(1)表示情感或态度的形容词(如:afraid,
reading the book The Red and the Black
certain,glad,pleased,sure,surprised,amazed,
when he came in.我的语文老师问我他进来
happy等)后可接宾语从句。
时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。(主句用一
(2024·新课标I卷)Then he tried acu-
般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
puncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was
2She didn't tell you that she would go to
amazed that he improved after two or three
America next month.她没有告诉你她下个
treatments.
然后,他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中
月要去美国。(主句用一般过去时,从句用
国做法,并惊讶地发现,经过两三次治疗后,他
过去将来时)
的病情有所改善。
(3)若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、
(2)sure后宾语从句的连接词that,
真理等,从句谓语动词的时态不受动词时态
whether,if的选择。
一致性原则的限制,仍然用一般现在时;若
当be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时,其后
从句的内容为历史事实,则从句的谓语动词
的宾语从句的连接词常用that;当be sure用
用一般过去时。
于否定句时,其后的宾语从句的连接词常用
whether或if。
As a child,I was told that the moon has no
DAre you sure that I won't bother you if
light of its own,I didn't believe it.孩提时,
I sit beside you?你确定我坐在你旁边不会打
人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光,我不相信。
扰你吗?
(主句用一般过去时,从句用一般现在时)
2I am not sure whether I should write
二、主语从句
to him or not.
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句
我不确定要不要给他写信。
(Subject Clause)。引导主语从句的连接词主
[温馨提示]宾语从句的时态
学习宾语从句的时态的有关知识时要注意:
要有三类:从属连词:that,whether,if;连接代
(1)若主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或一般
词:what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,
将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何时态(根
whoever等;连接副词:when,where,why,
据具体情况选用)。
how。
·120·
第12章名词性从句
1.主语从句的连接词
DWhere I will spend my summer vaca-
(1)that引导的主语从句
tion is still uncertain.我还没有确定去哪里度
that引导的从句作主语时,that在从句中
暑假。
不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,无任何意义,
2How acupuncture reduces and relieves
通常不能省去,且常用t作形式主语。
pain is still unclear.针灸是如何减轻疼痛的还
DThat the college will take in more new
不清楚。
students is true.-It is true that the college
[温馨提示]
will take in more new students..这所大学将招
1.如何判断形式主语it是否代替主语从句?
收更多的新生是真的。
解题时可用“还原法”,即把从句调到句首,
2How strange it is that the students are so
去掉句首的It,再加上句子剩余成分。如果
quiet in the classroom!学生们在教室里如此安
新句子意思不变,合乎逻辑,则该从句为主
静,真奇怪!
语从句,否则为其他从句或结构。如:
(2)whether,/if引导的主语从句
It's no surprise that our team has won the
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,
game.我们队赢了这场比赛并不奇怪。
也可放在句尾;f引导的主语从句只能放在句
按“还原法”该句可改为:That our team has
尾,前面要用it作形式主语。whether/if起连
won the game is no surprise..改后新句子意
接作用,意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分。
思不变、通顺且合乎逻辑,故可判断原句中
DWhether we will go there tomorrow
It作形式主语,代替that引导的主语从句。
depends on the weather..我们明天是否会去那
2.从句作主语时,句子谓语动词的单复数问题
里取决于天气。
(1)从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
2It's doubtful if/whether this painting
That they are not going to the cinema is a
is a Picasso.
big surprise to us..他们不去看电影,这使
这幅画是否是毕加索画的还无法确定。
我们感到很惊讶。
(3)wh-类连接代词引导的主语从句
(2)what引导的从句作主语,谓语动词一般用
引导主语从句的wh-类连接代词包括:
单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数
who,whose,which,what,whoever,whomev-
形式,则谓语动词常用复数。
er,whichever,whatever等。连接代词引导主
①What she said is wrong.她所说的是错
语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在从句中
误的。
作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
②What we need are books.我们所需要的
DWhat surprised us most was the beau-
是书籍。
tiful scenes there.最让我们惊讶的是那里的
2.要做对考查主语从句的题要从以下方面
美景。
着手:
2Whichever of you gets there first will
(1)看主语从句里缺少什么成分就补什么
get the prize.
成分,如不缺少成分用that,whether,if(that
你们谁第一个到达那里,谁就能得到这个
无意义,whether/if可译为“是否”);缺少主
奖品。
语、宾语、表语,常用what,who,which,whom
(4)连接副词引导的主语从句
等;缺少地点状语用where,缺少时间状语用
引导主语从句的连接副词包括when,
when,缺少原因状语用why,缺少方式状语用
where,how,why。连接副词除了在句中起连
how等,即要看从句的意思是否完整,根据“缺
接作用外,还在从句中作状语。
啥补啥,啥都不缺用that”的原则选用连词。
·121·
英语语法
(2)巧记主语从句的用法:
2,表语从句的三个易混句式
整句作主语,其后单谓语。
莫忘加连词,that不略但无义。
句式
用法
例句
“是否”前置用whether,其他连词靠翻译。
That's why
主语从句可后置,只需形式主语t把
This/
意为“这/那就
want
you
6
它替。
That
is
是…的原
work there.那
三、表语从句
why+结
在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句
因”,why引导
就是我想要你
(Predicative Clause)。引导表语从句的连接
果
表语从句。
在那儿工作的
词主要有:从属连词that,whether;连接代词
原因。
who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,
This/
意为“这/那是
It's just because
whomever,whichever,whatever等;连接副词
That/It is
因为…”,
he doesn't know
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever
because引导
等。此外,表语从句还可用because和asif/as
because
her.这仅仅是因
though等引导。
原因
表语从句。
为他不认识她。
1.表语从句的特殊连接词
意为“…的
The reason why
(I)that/what。that引导表语从句时,不
原因是…”,
he
didn't come
充当句子成分,只起连接作用,没有任何意义,
The reason
why引导定语
was that it was
通常不可省略;what引导表语从句时既起连
接作用,又作从句的句子成分。
why...
从句,修饰先
raining heavily.他
①(2025·全国二卷)I'm a coach,anad-
is that...
行词reason,
没有来的原因是
viser,and a comforter,and that's what it
that引导表语
(当时)雨下得很
means to be a hospital teacher.
从句。
我是一名教练、顾问和安慰者,这就是成
[温馨提示]
为一名医院教师的意义。
②(2023·浙江卷)The result is that
1.对表语从句的考查通常以引导词的选择为
many communities,especially in farming re-
主,所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重
gions,see solar farms as destroyers of the
要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整,如
soil.
果完整就用that,且that通常不能省略;如
结果是,许多社区,特别是在农业地区,将
果不完整,确定所缺成分,然后结合句意确
太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。
③That's what he said.那就是他说的话。
定答案。弄清从句中的谓语动词是及物的
(2)whether。引导表语从句时,一般只能
还是不及物的也很重要。如果从句中的谓
用whether而不能用if。
语是不及物动词,那么后面的部分作状语,
The question is whether they have signed
再根据句意来确定答案。
the contract.
2.主语为名词reason,表语从句用that而不用
问题是他们是否已经签了合同。
(3)asif/as though。asif/as though意为
why引导。
“好像,仿佛”,其引导的表语从句常位于系动
四、同位语从句
词(如seem,appear,,look,taste,sound,feel,
在句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从
smell等)之后。
句(Appositive Clause)。同位语从句一般放在
DI felt as if we had known each other for
fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,infor-
years.
我感觉好像我们已经互相认识多年了。
mation,belief,thought,doubt,promise,ques-
2She looks as if she has been working
tion等名词的后面,对名词作进一步的解释。
hard for a long time.她看起来好像已经努力
引导同位语从句的词有that,which,what,
工作了很长时间。
whether,how,when,where等。
·122·
第12章名词性从句
1.同位语从句的连接词
②It was a“Dear John”(绝交信)that
连接词
作用
例句
told the receiver,Michael,that the writer
could not see him anymore because his mother
The
news
无意义,只起
that
forbade it.
have passed the ex-
连接作用,在
这是一封给收信人Michael的绝交信,表
that
am is true.
从句中不作成
我通过了考试这
明写信人因为母亲的禁止而不能再见M
分,不省略。
消息是真的。
chael.
[温馨提示]
The question
解答考查同位语从句的题目时,一定要先
意为“是否”,在
whether
he will
找出从句解释说明的那个名词,然后根据从句
从句中不作成
join us is very im-
whether
的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词:
分,不省略,也
portant.
1.从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导,此
不用f替换。
他是否会加入我们
这个问题很重要。
时要注意that引导的同位语从句和定语从
句的区别。
The question who
2.从句成分完整,但意思不完整,表示“是否”
should do the work
之意时用whether,切记此时不能用if代替
is being discussed
at the meeting.
whether。
保留自身疑问
who,what,
谁应该做这项工
3.从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,则应用连
含义,在从句
whom,which
作的问题正在会
接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步
中作主语、宾
whose等连
议上讨论。
选择用哪一个连接代词。
语、表语或定
接代词
I have no idea
4.从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或
语。
which one I should
原因状语时,则分别用连接副词where,
choose.
when,how,why。
我不知道应该选
五、名词性从句应注意的几个问题
择哪一个。
l.that与what的区别
He showed us his
that和what都可以引导名词性从句,
way how he worked
但that是连接词,本身无词义,仅起连接作
when,how,
保留自身疑问
out
that prob-
用,不在从句中充当任何成分。连接词
where,why
含义,在从句
lem.
等连接副词
中作状语。
他向我们展示了
that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省
他是如何解决那
略。但在非正式英语中,当that引导的名
个问题的。
词性从句作宾语或表语时,that可以省略。
2.分隔式同位语从句
what是连接代词,不仅引导名词性从句,
有时主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句内容
而且在从句中充当一定的成分,如主语、宾
较长,这时为避免“头重脚轻”,常常将谓语部
语或表语等,不能省略。
分提到从句前面,形成分隔式同位语从句。
That he stole a bike was true.
DMy wish will come true one day that I
他偷了一辆自行车的事是真的。
should buy a big house for my parents.我要
The important thing is what you do,but not
给父母买一套大房子的愿望终有一天会实
what you say.
现的。
重要的事是你做什么而不是你说什么。
·123·
英语语法
2.在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序,即使
Whether the meeting will be put off has not
从句表达的是疑问含义
been decided yet..会议是否被推迟还未决定。
The problem is what he has done to the
The question is whether they have so
little boy.
much money.
问题是他对这个小男孩做了些什么。
问题是他们是否有如此多的钱。
3.whether和if的用法
We ought to discuss carefully the ques-
(1)whether和if均可引导宾语从句,常
tion whether we can do it or not.
我们应该仔细讨论这个问题:我们能否做
可互换。但从句作介词以及discuss的宾语
这件事。
时,宾语从句中只能用whether连接。
(3)与or not连用时用whether不用if。
He asked me if/whether I could attend
I don't care whether or not he comes.
the meeting.
我不在乎他是否来。
他问我是否能参加这个会议。
(4)whether可引导一个让步状语从句,
They are discussing whether they will
而f不能。
come back.
Whether he comes or not,we will begin our
他们正在讨论他们是否会回来。
party on time.
(2)在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中
不管他是否来,我们都将按时开始我们的
只用whether连接,不用if。
晚会。
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句。补
充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
(1)从与先行词的关系看
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句。news在
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰
从句中作told的宾语)
或限制;而同位语从句是从句对前
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make
面抽象名词的进一步的说明和
him very rich.
解释。
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从
句。补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句。
promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister.
(2)从所作成分看
我昨天收到的信是我妹妹写的。(that引导定语从句,在
that引导定语从句时为关系代词,
从句中作宾语)
需在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或
表语等成分,在定语从句中作宾语
Universities have given in to the idea that they should
时,可省略。而that引导同位语从
provide the same environment as that of the home.
大学已屈服于他们应向学生提供像家一样环境的观点。
句时不作句子成分也不能省略。
(that引导同位语从句,只起连接作用不作成分)
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第12章名词性从句
[温馨提示]并不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,可以被同位语从句解释说明的名词多
是含有抽象意义的名词。常用的有:
advice建议
belief信念
chance可能性
doubt怀疑
explanation解释
fact事实
feeling感觉
hope希望
idea想法
information信息
message信息
news消息
opinion观点
order命令
possibility可能性
question问题
report报道
reply答复
reason理由
suggestion建议
thought思想
truth真相
view观点
warning警告
wish愿望
word消息
5.以what或wh一ever等引导的名词性从句
引导词
用法
例句
What they need(=The thing that they need)is a good
=the thing (s)that...,
what
textbook.
为:…的事物
他们需要的是一本好教科书。
Whatever he likes(=Anything that he likes)will be
given to him.
=any(thing)that..,意为:
他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。
whatever
任何…的事物
You can write about whatever topic you prefer(=any
topic that you prefer).
你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。
Whichever book he bought would be paid for..(这些书
意为:无论哪个/哪些;…
中)无论他买哪一本书都要付款。
whichever
的那个/那些
It doesn't matter to me whichever you choose.
你选择哪一个对我来说都无所谓。
=the person or people who;
any person
who..,意为;
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
whoever
…的那个人(或那些人);
干这项工作的任何人一定会得到酬谢。
…的任何人
6.名词性从句的语序
与其他从句一样,名词性从句必须用陈述语序。
You can't imagine how excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.
你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物时是多么高兴。
I have no idea why it is that he will go there with her.
我不知道为什么他和她一起去那里。
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英语语法
六、高考热点
续表
(一)名词从句在语法填空中的命题点
从属连词有that/whether/if等,连接
1.宾语从句
点拨
副词有when,where等。从属连词不
①(2025·全国二卷)I realized
if I
作成分,而连接副词作状语。
didn't stop,the entire lecture would be ru-
ined.
2.连接代词(what,which和who等)之间的
②(2024·浙江卷1月)Before choosing to
错用
study online,consider
you're a self-
(河南一联)Which you need is a
motivated learner and if the material seems in-
示例
good meal.
teresting enough to keep you going.
答案:
③(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from
引导名词性从句且在从句中作主
around the world that flood into Yellow-
语或宾语时应用what(什么);
stone National Park
they most
点拨
which(哪一个);who(谁)等,注意
hope to see.
它们之间意义的差别。
2.主语从句
①(2024·新课标I卷)
worked on
3.that与what之间的错用
a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his
(济南二模)It is difficult for us to
patients.
imagine that life was like for
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
I was to
示例
slaves in the ancient world.
do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.
答案:
3.表语从句
①(2025·北京卷)The truth,though,is
what在名词性从句中可作主语、
could be guessed-there's never
点拨
宾语或表语;而that本身没有意
anyone else here.
义,不作任何成分,只起连接作用。
②(2024·浙江卷1月)The most obvious
4.从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用
advantage of online learning is
you
(山东师大附中模拟)There is no
can study anywhere and anytime.
doubt whether it is of great help to
4.同位语从句
示例
their study and future life.
①(2o19·全国卷I)While they are rare
答案:
north of88°,there is evidence
they range all the way across the Arctic,
that不作成分,没有实际意义:
and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
点拨
whether/if也不作成分但有实际
②(2021·全国甲卷)..,but as soon as the
意义,有“是否”之意。
weather warms up,I have no doubt
5,从属连词that的缺失
the little one will be out and about
(四川二诊)And you should also
exploring and playing every day.
have a belief you are sure to suc-
自我校对]l.①that②whether
示例
ceed as long as you keep your di-
③what2.①What②What3.①what
rection all the time.
②that4.①that②that
答案:
(二)名词性从句在书面表达中的易错点
that引导主语从句、表语从句和同
1.从属连词与连接副词之间的错用
点拨
位语从句时一般不能省略,引导宾
(全国卷I)This method provided
语从句时可以省略。
示例
a readout for that home energy use
[自我校对]
l.that→how
2.Which→
has evolved since the early 1990s.
What3.that→what4.whether-→that
答案:
5.belief后加that
126·