精品解析：北京市海淀区2024-2025学年八年级下学期期末英语试题

2025北京海淀初二（下）期末英语 2025.07 学校______________ 班级_______________ 姓名_______________ 考生须知 1.本试卷共10页，共九道大题，53道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写学校名称、班级名称、姓名。 3.答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4.在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.考试结束，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分 听力理解( 共25分 ) 一、听后选择(共9分，每小题1.5分) 听下面三段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 请听一段对话，完成第1至第2小题。 1.What’s wrong with the girl? A.She has a fever. B.She has a toothache. C.She has a headache. 2.What will the girl do? A.Go to school. B.Take some rest. C.See a doctor. 请听一段对话，完成第3至第4小题。 3.Which museum does the boy like best? AThe science museum. B.The history museum. C.The art museum. 4.What does the boy think of visiting museums? A.Educational. B.Fun. C.Challenging. 请听一段独白，完成第5至第6小题。 5.What can we learn from the talk? A.The speaker helped walk dogs at an early age. B.The speaker himself collected over 200 books. C.The speaker raised some money for the elders. 6.Why does the speaker give the talk? A.To share his experience of doing community service. B.To introduce different kinds of community service. C.To call on more people to do community service. 二、听后回答(共10分，每小题2分) 听对话，根据对话内容笔头回答问题。每段对话你将听两遍。 请听一段对话，完成第7小题。 7.How long is Tian’anmen Square from north to south? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第8小题。 8.How often does the girl practice Tai Chi? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第9小题。 9.Which French course fits the girl better? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。 10.When do the speakers need to hand in the book report? ___________________________________________________________________________ 11.What does the girl think of the story “The Old Man and the Sea”? ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、听后转写( 共 6 分 ) 听短文，请根据所听内容和思维导图中的提示信息，写出短文主要内容。请注意语法正确， 语意连贯。短文的开头已经给出，短文你将听三遍。 12.I’ve got some information about. 第二部分 知识运用 (共18分) 四、单项填空 (共10分，每小题1分) 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The bike boy always gives away the fixed bikes. ________ is very kind and helpful. A. She B. He C. They D. We 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个修自行车的男孩总是把修好的自行车捐赠出去。他非常善良且乐于助人。  考查人称代词辨析。She她，指代女性；He他，指代男性；They他们，指代复数；We我们，第一人称复数。前句主语“the bike boy”可知，修自行车的男孩，为单数男性，后句需用指代男性单数的人称代词作主语。故选B。 2 Our school is planning a clean-up day ________ September. A. in B. at C. on D. to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们学校正计划九月的打扫卫生日。 考查介词。in+年/月，表示“在某年或某月”；at+钟点，表示“在几点钟”；on+具体日期，表示“在具体某一天”；to向。in September“在九月”，故选A。 3. ________ the man got an umbrella, he still got wet in the rainstorm. A. Although B. Because C. If D. Since 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管这个男人有一把伞，但他还是在暴雨中淋湿了。 考查连词辨析。Although尽管，表让步；Because因为，表原因；If如果，表条件；Since自从，表时间；既然，表原因。根据“the man got an umbrella”和“he still got wet in the rainstorm”可知，前后是让步关系，应用Although“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选A。 4. —________ I hang out with Kate this evening, Mum? —Sure, but you must be back by nine. A. Would B. Could C. Must D. Need 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚可以和凯特出去逛逛吗？——当然，但你必须九点前回来。 考查情态动词辨析。Would常用于委婉请求，常搭配like等；Could用于请求许可，语气较委婉；Must表必须、一定；Need需要。此处是孩子请求妈妈允许自己外出，用Could符合语境，表委婉请求。故选B。 5. Steve is one of ________ boys in our class. A. strong B. stronger C. most strong D. the strongest 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：史蒂夫是我们班最强壮的男孩之一。 考查形容词最高级的用法。strong强壮的，形容词原级；stronger更加强壮的，形容词比较级；most strong错误用法；the strongest最强壮的，形容词最高级。根据“Steve is one of...”可知，“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……的……之一”，此处表示史蒂夫是我们班“最强壮的”男孩之一，应用最高级形式。故选D。 6. Mr Li ________ a talk on first aid in the gym yesterday afternoon. A. gives B. is giving C. has given D. gave 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨天下午李老师在体育馆做了一场关于急救的演讲。  考查动词时态。根据 “yesterday afternoon”可知，是过去时间状语，需用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。“gave”是“give”的过去式，故选D。 7. If you help me to do chores at home, you________ a box of chocolate. A. get B. gets C. will get D. got 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你帮我在家做家务，你将会得到一盒巧克力。  考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。“if you help...”是从句，用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时“will get”，故选C。 8. —What were you doing when the fire alarm went off? —I ________ on my science project in the classroom. A. was working B. worked C. work D. will work 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——火警响起的时候你在做什么？——我当时正在教室里做我的科学项目。 考查过去进行时。was working过去进行时结构；worked过去式或过去分词；work工作，动词原形；will work一般将来时结构。根据“What were you doing when the fire alarm went off?”可知，问句询问火警响起（过去某一时刻）时对方正在做什么，回答用过去进行时“was working”，强调在火警响起时自己正在“做科学项目”，故选A。 9. The number of readers________ a million since the book came out. A. reaches B. reached C. has reached D. will reach 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：自从这本书出版以来，读者的数量已经达到了一百万。 考查动词时态。根据“since the book came out”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，常与现在完成时连用，此处应用现在完成时has reached。故选C。 10. The teachers often tell us ________ each other during the study tour. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师们经常告诉我们在研学旅行期间要互相帮助。 考查非谓语动词的用法。help帮助，动词原形；to help不定式；helping动名词或现在分词；helps三单形式。根据“tell us”可知，“tell sb. to do sth.”意思是“告诉某人做某事”，这里需要用动词不定式形式，故选B。 五、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分) 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 One lunch break, I was working on my robot programming when suddenly it fell off the desk and broke into pieces. Just then, two boys passed by. “Oh, a GIRL programmer!” One sneered (讥讽) “More like a girl breaker,” the other laughed. More ____11____ words followed and left my heart burning with anger. Then Gab walked over asking me to watch his football final after school. “Not interested in your boys’ stuff!” I refused, ____12____ the pieces into my bag. But Gab kept asking, “Please come. I need you to be there.” Something in his voice ____13____ a yes from me. When people came to congratulate Gab for shooting the winning goal, he pulled out a half-finished scarf from his bag and started knitting (编织). The crowd fell in ____14____ at first but soon it was broken as someone shouted “Gab is a knitter!” Laughs and sneers spread like waves. But Gab didn’t seem to care. He continued knitting, ____15____ and proud. His fingers moved like dancing butterflies and the red scarf flew in the air as if it was making an exciting speech. Then, ____16____ happened—people suddenly stopped laughing. They came over again, eyes shining with interest. “Could you..maybe teach me how to do that?” One boy asked, almost shyly. “Looks very cool, actually.” “Yeah,” Many nodded in agreement. Gab showed a ____17____ smile to me. I suddenly realized something and smiled back. Since then, I have never cared about others’ mean words or laughs and guess what? When I won the first prize in programming, the first ones to ____18____ me were the two boys who laughed at me! 11. A. sweet B. boring C. hurtful D. encouraging 12. A. sending B. sweeping C. breaking D. changing 13. A. drew B. kept C. refused D. borrowed 14. A. fear B. trouble C. silence D. darkness 15. A. calm B. amazed C. nervous D. scared 16. A. love B. magic C. arguments D. accidents 17. A. forced B. painful C. polite D. meaningful 18. A. beat B. teach C. discourage D. congratulate 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者遭嘲笑后，受加布不在意他人看法的影响，不再在乎刻薄言论，最终获奖并获当初嘲笑者祝贺的故事。 【11题详解】 句意：更多伤人的话语接踵而至，让我怒火中烧。 sweet甜蜜的；boring无聊的；hurtful伤人的；encouraging鼓舞人心的。根据“left my heart burning with anger”可知，这些话语让作者很愤怒，说明是伤人的话，故选C。 【12题详解】 句意：“对你们男孩的东西不感兴趣！”我一边拒绝，一边把碎片扫进包里。 sending发送；sweeping扫；breaking打破；changing改变。根据原文“the pieces into my bag”可知，作者把机器人碎片扫进包里，“sweeping”符合语境，故选B。 【13题详解】 句意：他声音里的某种东西让我答应了。 drew吸引，促使；kept保持；refused拒绝；borrowed借。根据原文“Something in his voice... a yes from me”可知，加布声音里的某种东西让作者答应了，“drew”有促使之意，故选A。 【14题详解】 句意：起初人群陷入沉默，但很快就有人喊道“加布是个编织者！”打破了沉默。 fear恐惧；trouble麻烦；silence沉默；darkness黑暗。根据原文“The crowd fell in... at first but soon it was broken as someone shouted”可知，人群起初陷入沉默，后来被打破，故选C。 【15题详解】 句意：他继续编织，平静而自豪。 calm平静的；amazed惊讶的；nervous紧张的；scared害怕的。根据原文“But Gab didn’t seem to care. He continued knitting...”可知，加布不在意嘲笑，保持平静，故选A。 【16题详解】 句意：然后，神奇的事情发生了——人们突然停止了笑。 love爱；magic神奇；arguments争论；accidents事故。根据原文“people suddenly stopped laughing. They came over again, eyes shining with interest”可知，人们从嘲笑到停止嘲笑，态度转变很“神奇”，故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：加布向我露出了意味深长的微笑。 forced被迫的；painful痛苦的；polite礼貌的；meaningful意味深长的。根据原文“Gab showed a... smile to me. I suddenly realized something and smiled back”可知，加布的微笑让作者有所领悟，是意味深长的，故选D。 【18题详解】 句意：当我赢得编程一等奖时，最先祝贺我的是那两个嘲笑过我的男孩！ beat打败；teach教；discourage使气馁；congratulate祝贺。根据原文“When I won the first prize in programming, the first ones to... me were the two boys who laughed at me”可知，作者获奖后，男孩们来祝贺他，故选D。 第三部分 阅读理解 (共26分) 六、阅读理解(共26分，每小题2分) 第一节 阅读下列四个故事的介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的故事，并将人物所对应的A、B、C、D 选项填在相应位置上。 A Three students want to share some amazing stories in the reading club. Let’s help them to choose the proper story. A. Hou Yi Shoots the Suns When ten suns rose together, they made the earth too hot. Hou Yi noticed the people in trouble so he acted. He shot down nine suns, making the earth a good place to live on again. The story shows we can overcome challenges with bravery and skills. B. Yu Gong Moves the Mountains There were two big mountains near Yu Gong’s house and it took a long time to walk to the other side. Yu Gong decided to move them with his family. People laughed at him, but he didn’t give up. The story reminds us anything is possible if we keep trying. C. Hansel and Gretel Hansel and Gretel were left in the forest by their father and stepmother because there was no more food to feed the whole family But they managed to find their way home with cleverness. The story tells us that thinking smart and staying calm can help us succeed. D. The Emperor’s New Clothes Two cheats made special clothes for an emperor and said only clever people could see them. Finally the emperor walked around the city wearing nothing. But a boy told the truth. The story tells us that we should be fearless to tell the truth. Amy:____19____ I want to tell others that we should not give up in the face of difficulties. Peter:____20____ I would like to encourage others not to be afraid to tell the truth. Bob:____21____ I hope to help others understand the importance of keeping calm and thinking smart. 【答案】19. B 20. D 21. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是三个学生想要分享一些精彩的故事，选择与他们主题匹配的故事。 【19题详解】 根据“I want to tell others that we should not give up in the face of difficulties.”可知，Amy想告诉别人面对困难不应该放弃。选项B“愚公移山的故事中，愚公面对家门口的大山，没有放弃，而是带领家人坚持移山，这个故事提醒我们只要不断尝试，一切皆有可能。”与之匹配。故选B。 【20题详解】 根据“I would like to encourage others not to be afraid to tell the truth.”可知，Peter想鼓励别人不要害怕说出真相。选项D“《皇帝的新装》中，两个骗子欺骗皇帝，而一个男孩说出了皇帝没穿衣服的真相，这个故事告诉我们应该勇敢地说出真相。”与之匹配。故选D。 【21题详解】 根据“I hope to help others understand the importance of keeping calm and thinking smart.”可知，Bob希望帮助别人理解保持冷静和聪明思考的重要性。选项C“汉塞尔和格蕾特尔被留在森林后，凭借聪明才智找到了回家的路，这个故事告诉我们聪明思考和保持冷静能帮助我们成功。”与之匹配。故选C。 第二节 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B The Blazers and the Engineers had played two close games this season. Each team won one game. Now, the final game was for the championship. There were only seven seconds left in the game. Mason’s team, the Blazers, was winning 31-29. Mason was guarding Edwin, the best player on the Engineers team. The crowd shouted: “4...3.…2…” Edwin stopped, jumped, and shot the ball before the buzzer (终场哨) sounded. The ball went in! The score was now 31-31. “We will play overtime,” said Mason’s teammate Joel. Mason felt bad because he failed to stop Edwin. Edwin smiled at him, making Mason feel even worse. In overtime, both teams were nervous and made mistakes. Edwin scored twice. Now the Engineers were ahead by 4 points. But then Joel made a great three-point shot with 28 seconds left! Then Mason had his big moment. With 11 seconds left, he guessed where Edwin would move. He stole an important pass. Mason ran fast toward the basket, but two defenders (防守球员) came to stop him. He thought about taking the final shot himself—a chance to be a hero. But then he saw Joel, who was standing alone near the basket. Mason passed the ball to Joel. Joel caught the ball,turned,and scored just as the buzzer sounded. The Blazers won! Mason and Joel gave each other a high-five.“Great pass!” Joel said. From that day, Mason learned something important:real winning is more than just the score. 22. Mason felt ________ because he failed to stop Edwin. A. excited B. unhappy C. relaxed D. lonely 23. Before taking the final shot, Mason decided to pass the ball to Joel because ________. A. the coach told him to pass B. Joel asked for the ball loudly C. Mason was too tired to shoot D. no defenders were around Joel 24. What lesson did Mason learn at last? A. Being a good teammate matters more than being a hero. B. Scoring points is the most important part of basketball. C. Winning is only about getting the highest final score. D. Losing a game helps a team become much stronger. 【答案】22. B 23. D 24. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕一场篮球比赛展开，详细叙述了比赛的过程以及梅森在比赛中的经历和感悟。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Mason felt bad because he failed to stop Edwin.”可知，梅森因为没能阻止埃德温而感觉不好，“unhappy不开心”符合语境，故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“But then he saw Joel, who was standing alone near the basket.”可知，在最后投篮前，梅森看到乔尔独自站在篮筐附近，周围没有防守球员，所以决定把球传给乔尔，故选D。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据“From that day, Mason learned something important: real winning is more than just the score.”以及梅森最后选择传球给乔尔而不是自己投篮成为英雄这件事可知，梅森学到成为一个好队友比成为英雄更重要，故选A。 C Housework is often viewed as a dull and endless chore, keeping us from more enjoyable activities. However, this seemingly simple set of tasks hides many benefits that can greatly contribute to our overall well-being. Physically, housework offers more than just light exercise. Take wringing a mop as an example. This simple act works the forearm muscles (肌肉) and increases holding strength, which is important as we age. According to The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, such muscle exercise, often performed unconsciously (无意识地) during housework, can greatly improve forearm muscle endurance (耐力). Studies suggest that regular middle-level-effort housework can be as effective as wringing a mop light weight training,particularly in building muscles in the back and shoulders. The benefits of housework to mental health are also noteworthy. Tidying a messy room can bring us a clear-headed feeling. Creating order from mess helps us feel in control. Research in The Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that people who spent just 15 minutes organizing their workspace had lower stress levels than those who remained in a messy place. Cooking also offers mental rewards. Focusing on chopping vegetables,measuring ingredients, and following a recipe is a form of mindfulness. Moreover, the joy of preparing and sharing a meal brings us a sense of achievement. Housework also helps with social connections and brain function.When families share chores, they communicate, cooperate, and support each other, strengthening relationships. Children learn responsibility and teamwork from an early age. Furthermore, doing housework can improve executive functions, like deciding which room to clean first or how to cook a meal step by step. These can help train the brain to stay active and organized.Research shows that doing housework at least three times a week lowers the risk of older adults’ brain problems. In short, housework is far more than a boring duty. It improves physical fitness, mental health, social connections, and brain function. By recognizing these benefits, we can view housework not as a burden (负担) but as a valuable effort for a better life. 25. According to the passage,what is a key benefit of wringing a mop? A. It builds muscle strength of the legs. B. It offers a conscious muscle exercise. C. It improves forearm muscle endurance. D. It helps to lose weight more quickly. 26. What does the writer probably agree with? A. Doing housework instead of fun things is a huge burden. B. Chopping vegetables helps reduce stress better than cleaning. C. Seeing housework as a simple duty harms family relationships. D. Tidying workspace improves sense of control and lowers stress. 27. The underlined expression “executive functions” in Paragraph 4 probably means“________.” A. the ability to make decisions and plans B. the talent to set goals to control emotions C. the ability to be active and free from stress D. the talent to lower the risk of brain problems 28. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain important research findings on housework. B. To show different opinions on doing housework tasks. C. To encourage readers to see chores in a reasonable way. D. To stress mental benefits gained from doing chores. 【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了做家务看似枯燥，却在身体健康、心理健康、社会交往和大脑功能等方面对我们有很多益处，呼吁人们将家务视为改善生活的有价值的努力。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Take wringing a mop as an example. This simple act works the forearm muscles (肌肉) and increases holding strength, which is important as we age. According to The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, such muscle exercise, often performed unconsciously (无意识地)during housework, can greatly improve forearm muscle endurance (耐力).”可知，拧拖把能极大地提高前臂肌肉耐力，故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Tidying a messy room can bring us a clear-headed feeling. Creating order from mess helps us feel in control. Research in The Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that people who spent just 15 minutes organizing their workspace had lower stress levels than those who remained in a messy place.”可知，整理工作空间能提高控制感，降低压力，故选D。 【27题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Furthermore, doing housework can improve executive functions, like deciding which room to clean first or how to cook a meal step by step.”可知，“executive functions”指的是做决定和制定计划的能力，比如决定先打扫哪个房间或如何一步步做饭，故选A。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“In short, housework is far more than a boring duty. It improves physical fitness, mental health, social connections, and brain function. By recognizing these benefits, we can view housework not as a burden(负担)but as a valuable effort for a better life.”可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励读者以合理的方式看待家务，故选C。 D Common sense means the basic understanding and knowledge that we believe most people have. This shows up in everyday situations like following traffic rules: people on foot naturally avoid stepping into traffic, while drivers seldom drive on sidewalks to ensure safety. Although common sense seems to be everywhere, do all people share commonsense beliefs about everything? And how “common” is common sense among different social groups? “We all think we share common sense,” said Professor Duncan Watts from the University of Pennsylvania. “However, we seldom make clear which of our beliefs match common sense or who else agrees with us.” To deal with the challenge of understanding common sense, Watts and his research partner, Mark Whiting, studied it on two levels. First, on an individual level, they checked how much people agreed on certain ideas and whether they knew others agreed too. Second, on a group level, they came up with the “pq common sense” framework. It’s a new way to see what percentage of people (p) agree on how many ideas (q). They tested this “pq”framework. They got 4,607 ideas from different places and asked 2,046 people. The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict “perfect common sense” rule. Even when they made the rule looser (更松动的), not many ideas had a lot of agreements. What’s unique is that when they needed more ideas to be agreed on,the number of people agreeing dropped sharply. Big groups had far fewer shared ideas. The study also found that individual differences in commonsensicality (常识性) mainly relate to the ability to understand others’ thoughts. However, age, gender and other factors don’t affect it. In other words, common sense is shaped by personal views, not as “common” as we think. The researchers believe that expanding (扩大) their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies. They’re also interested in creating ways to measure common sense using AI systems, which could help AI better understand human contexts and develop its decision-making skills. 29. What can we learn from the passage about the study? A. Common sense has little link to individual preference. B. Everyone understands common sense in the same way. C. Commonsensicality relates to personal age and gender. D. Very few common-sense beliefs are agreed on by all. 30. What might be the researchers’ further study according to the passage? A. To create more reasonable traffic rules based on common sense. B. To explore common sense among different cultures and societies. C. To teach people to better understand others’ commonsensicality. D. To create new AI systems to develop human decision-making skills. 31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A Common Sense: Less Common than We Think B. The“pq”Framework: Measuring Social Beliefs C. AI &Common Sense:A New Research Direction D. Commonsensicality: Shaping Individual Differences 【答案】29. D 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕常识展开，探讨了不同社会群体中常识的“普遍性”，介绍了相关研究及其结果，指出常识并不像我们想象的那样普遍，且研究人员计划进一步在全球范围内研究不同文化和社会中的常识。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict ‘perfect common sense’ rule.”可知，几乎没有任何常识性观点能得到所有人的认同，故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The researchers believe that expanding(扩大)their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies.”可知，研究人员进一步的研究可能是探索不同文化和社会中的常识，故选B。 【31题详解】 最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了常识并不像我们想象的那样普遍，研究表明很少有常识性观点能得到所有人的认同，大群体共享的观点更少，最佳标题是“常识：不像我们想象的那样普遍”，故选A。 第四部分 书面表达(共31分) 七、阅读表达(共10分，第44-46题每小题2分，第47题4分) 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Kurtz is the manager of Rust Belt Riders in Cleveland, Ohio. His company started a project of composting (堆肥) with waste food. Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. “If we want to meet the climate goals that have been set by our leaders and scientists, we’re going to have to deal with food waste, which is a huge part of the problem of climate change,” Kurtz said. Wasted food usually ends up in landfills. As it breaks down, it creates a gas called methane (甲烷). Methane traps heat in the atmosphere, which makes climate worse. Every day, Kurtz connects with grocery stores, restaurants, and other food-service businesses. He educates them about the harmful effects of food waste. Then he asks if they’re willing to change the way they deal with their extra food. So far, Rust Belt Riders has called on 300 companies and 2,800 families to do something different with their food waste. With seven trucks and 30 workers, the company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil. Composted soil is much more than just dirt. It’s made up of five ingredients that help plants grow strong. That’s why Kurtz and his workmates sell the composted soil to people and businesses that need it, which has become a second service at Rust Belt Riders. In addition to partnering with businesses and families, Rust Belt Riders has teamed up with local schools. At Dentzler Elementary, Rust Belt Riders helps the kitchen staff compost its leftover food. The students place their food waste into bins during lunch periods. The bins are then collected by Rust Belt Riders. “This program has created a space for all students to become environmental caretakers in their own cafeteria,” Emily Cass, a farm-to-school coordinator (协调员) at Dentzler says, “when they might not have other opportunity to help with climate change.” 32. What is the goal of the project that Kurtz started? _____________________________________________________________________________ 33. How does the company deal with their clients’ extra food? _____________________________________________________________________________ 34. Why do Kurtz and his workmates sell the composted soil? _____________________________________________________________________________ 35. What do you think of the project of the company? Why do you think so? _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】32. To fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible./Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. 33. The company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil. 34. Because it’s made up of five ingredients that help plants grow strong. 35. The project is amazing/great/wonderful. Because it recycles food waste to fight climate change/composts waste food into soil/creates useful composted soil/creates a space for all students to become environmental caretakers in their own cafeteria/raises people’s awareness of environmental protection. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Kurtz所在的Rust Belt Riders公司开展的食品垃圾堆肥项目。 【32题详解】 根据文章中“His company started a project of composting (堆肥) with waste food. Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible.”可知，该项目的目标是通过回收尽可能多的食品垃圾来应对气候变化，故填To fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible./Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. 【33题详解】 根据文章中“With seven trucks and 30 workers, the company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil.”可知，公司收集客户的多余食物并进行堆肥，将其转化为土壤，故填The company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil. 【34题详解】 根据文章中“Composted soil is much more than just dirt. It’s made up of five ingredients that help plants grow strong. That’s why Kurtz and his workmates sell the composted soil to people and businesses that need it”可知，因为堆肥土壤由五种有助于植物茁壮成长的成分组成，所以他们出售这种土壤，故填Because it’s made up of five ingredients that help plants grow strong. 【35题详解】 根据 “Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible.”“the company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil.”“This program has created a space for all students to become environmental caretakers in their own cafeteria”等内容可知，该项目通过回收利用食品垃圾，既为应对气候变化做出了贡献，又将垃圾转化为有用的堆肥土壤，还为学生提供了参与环保的机会，具有积极意义。选择以上优点描述，言之有理即可，故填The project is amazing/great/wonderful. Because it recycles food waste to fight climate change/composts waste food into soil/creates useful composted soil/creates a space for all students to become environmental caretakers in their own cafeteria/raises people’s awareness of environmental protection. 八、完成句子(共11分，每空1分) 根据下面各题所给的中英文或所给词的正确形式填空。每空只填写一个词。 36. 他们过去常常为小事争吵，但现在相处得很好。 They ________ ________ argue with each other over small things, but now they get on well. 【答案】 ①. used ②. to 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“过去常常”。“过去常常做某事”常用短语“used to do sth.”，故填used；to。 37. 我花了两周的时间读完《西游记》的。 It took me two weeks ________ ________ reading Journey to the West. 【答案】 ①. to ②. finish 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“读完”。“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，“读完”可译为“finish reading”，所以此处应用动词不定式“to finish”。故填to；finish。 38. 灰姑娘太忙了，没有时间为晚会做一件衣服。 Cinderella was ________ ________ ________ she had no time to make a dress for the party. 【答案】 ①. so ②. busy ③. that 【解析】 【详解】so...that...“如此……以至于……”，busy“忙碌的”，是形容词，作为系动词was的表语，用形容词，故填so；busy；that。 39. 自2022年以来，我已经去过中国国家博物馆3次了。 I ________ ________ to the National Museum of China three times since 2022. 【答案】 ①. have ②. been 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达为“去过”；根据“since 2022”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，“has/have been to+地点”表示“去过某地(已返回)”主语为“I”，助动词用“have”，故填have；been。 40. The ________ (excite) of finding an ________ (usual) seashell made the beach trip unforgettable. 【答案】 ①. excitement ②. unusual 【解析】 【详解】句意：找到一个不寻常的贝壳的兴奋感让这次海滩之旅难以忘怀。第一空需要名词作主语，excite的名词形式是“excitement”，为不可数名词，作主语；第二空修饰名词“seashell”，用形容词形式，根据“made the beach trip unforgettable”可知，让海滩之旅难以忘怀，应该是找到了一个不寻常的贝壳，结合所给单词提示，“unusual”“不寻常的”。故填excitement；unusual。 九、文段表达( 1 0分) 41. 假如你是李华，你校英语社团正在举办以“讲好传统故事传承文化精神”为主题的展示活动。你打算邀请交换生Chris参加这次活动。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，简要介绍该活动，并说明邀请他参加的理由。根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。 提示词语： hall, speeches, act, learn, history 提示问题： ●When and where will the activity be held? ●What will students do in this activity? ●Why do you invite Chris? Dear Chris, How is it going?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 版本一 Dear Chris, How is it going? I’m writing to invite you to a wonderful activity hosted by our English Club. The theme of this activity is “Tell Traditional Stories Well, Inherit Cultural Spirit”. The activity will take place in the school hall from 2:00 to 4:00 next Saturday afternoon. During this event, students will have various performances. Some will give speeches about classic traditional stories, introducing their historical backgrounds and the moral lessons hidden within them. Others will act out these stories on stage, bringing the characters and plots to life. I’m inviting you to this activity because it’s a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese history and culture. Through these traditional stories, you can gain insight into the values and spirits that have been passed down for generations in China. Moreover, it’s also a good opportunity to enrich your understanding and experience of China. I truly hope you can come and join us. If you have any questions or need more details, please feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 版本二 Dear Chris, How is it going? I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate in the “Tell Traditional Stories Well, Inherit Cultural Spirit” event hosted by our school’s English Club. It will be held from 2:00—4:00 on the afternoon of June 28 in the school hall. During the event, students will deliver speeches on famous traditional stories, while some will act out classic scenes through short plays. After these speeches and performances, there will be interactive sessions where everyone can share insights on which story resonated most, ask questions about puzzling cultural details, or even draw comparisons between these Chinese tales and similar stories from your own culture. There will also be a fun story clue game, where we’ll share hints or key elements, and everyone is invited to guess exactly what the stories are. It’ll be a great way to connect through our shared love for stories while deepening our understanding of each other’s cultures. I would like to invite you because you have always been interested in diverse cultures. This is a great opportunity for you to learn more about the history and cultural spirit embedded in Chinese traditional stories. I believe your participation will not only enrich your own cultural experience but also add to the diversity of our exchanges. Looking forward to your presence. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一封电子邮件； ② 时态：时态为“一般将来时”和“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，学生应注意不要遗漏“要点提示”中以“讲好传统故事传承文化精神”为主题的展示活动的介绍。包括活动的时间、地点、活动内容以及邀请交换生Chris参加的理由。适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍校英语社团举办以“讲好传统故事传承文化精神”为主题的展示活动； 第二步，介绍展示活动的时间、地点以及活动内容； 第三步，介绍邀请交换生Chris参加展示活动的理由 [亮点词汇] ① take place发生 ② have various performances有各种各样的表演 ③ passed down for generations代代相传 ④ enrich your understanding and experience of China丰富对中国文化的理解与体验 [高分句型] ① I’m inviting you to this activity because it’s a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese history and culture. (because引导原因状语从句) ② I truly hope you can come and join us. (宾语从句) ③ If you have any questions or need more details, please feel free to let me know. (If引导条件状语从句) 42. 某英文报纸正在举办以主题为“我眼中的北京(Beijing in My Eyes)” 的专栏征文活动。假如 你是李华，请你用英文投稿，简要介绍北京，并谈谈你最喜欢的方面。根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。 提示词语：capital, places of interest, museum, modern, proud 提示信息：●What is Beijing like? Please describe it. ●What do you like best about Beijing? In my eyes, Beijing is ....__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 版本一 In my eyes, Beijing, the capital of China, is a city full of charm. It has a long history and many places of interest. There are famous spots like the Great Wall, which winds across the mountains like a giant dragon, and the Forbidden City, once home to emperors. The Summer Palace is also a beautiful site with its clear lakes and ancient buildings. What I love best about Beijing is its modern side. The city is filled with tall buildings, bustling streets, and advanced technology. Despite being a fast-paced city, its transportation system shines, offering easy access to every corner of the city. Beijing is far more than a modern metropolis—yet it remains a city with a profound imperial history. Numerous museums here allow us to delve deeper into China’s rich historical and cultural heritage. I am very proud to live in such a remarkable city. Beijing is not only a window to China’s past but also a symbol of its future. It combines the old and the new perfectly, making it a fantastic place to live and visit. 版本二 As the capital of China, Beijing is a city where ancient history and modern vitality coexist in perfect harmony. It is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, with iconic landmarks such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and the Temple of Heaven, drawing millions of visitors worldwide. The city is also home to numerous museums, including the National Museum of China and the Palace Museum, which showcase centuries of art and artifacts. Beyond its historical significance, Beijing has evolved into a thriving metropolis. Skyscrapers, bustling commercial districts, and cutting-edge technology embody its modern identity. The Bird’s Nest Stadium and the Water Cube stand as striking symbols of its innovation and global vision. What I cherish most about Beijing is its unique blend of tradition and progress. Wandering through the hutongs, one can feel the warmth of local communities while admiring courtyard houses and savoring traditional snacks. Meanwhile, the city’s dedication to preserving its cultural roots amid rapid development fills me with pride. Whether exploring ancient temples or immersing oneself in the energy of places like Sanlitun, Beijing offers a profound sense of connection—to history, creativity, and the heart of China. This dynamic balance makes Beijing not just a city, but a living story of resilience and hope. 【解析】 【详解】［总体分析］ ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文。 ②时态：主要为“一般现在时”。 ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示的要点，在每个要点下要适当增加细节，使表述内容更完整，注意字数要求。 ［写作步骤］ 第一步，开头直接点明北京是中国首都且充满魅力，引出下文对北京历史和现代风貌的介绍，开启对这座城市的描述。 第二步，从两个主要方面展开介绍：历史底蕴、现代风貌，通过具体的景点和城市特征描述，让北京的形象更鲜活。 第三步，表达居住在北京的自豪之情，强调北京融合新旧，是中国过去的窗口和未来的象征。 ［亮点词汇］ ①the capital of China 中国首都 ②full of charm 充满魅力 ③long history 悠久历史 ④places of interest 名胜古迹 ⑤famous spots 著名景点 ⑥the Great Wall 长城 ⑦wind across 蜿蜒穿过 ⑧the Forbidden City 故宫 ⑨the Summer Palace 颐和园 ⑩ancient buildings 古建筑 ⑪modern side 现代风貌 ⑫tall buildings 高楼大厦 ⑬bustling streets 繁华街道 ⑭advanced technology 先进科技 ⑮transportation system 交通系统 ⑯profound imperial history 深厚的帝王历史 ⑰historical and cultural heritage 历史文化遗产 ［高分句型］ ①There are famous spots like the Great Wall, which winds across the mountains like a giant dragon, and the Forbidden City, once home to emperors.（which引导非限制性定语从句） ②Beijing is not only a window to China’s past but also a symbol of its future.（运用“not only...but also...”结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京海淀初二（下）期末英语 2025.07 学校______________ 班级_______________ 姓名_______________ 考生须知 1.本试卷共10页，共九道大题，53道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写学校名称、班级名称、姓名。 3.答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4.在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.考试结束，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分 听力理解( 共25分 ) 一、听后选择(共9分，每小题1.5分) 听下面三段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 请听一段对话，完成第1至第2小题。 1.What’s wrong with the girl? A.She has a fever. B.She has a toothache. C.She has a headache. 2.What will the girl do? A.Go to school. B.Take some rest. C.See a doctor. 请听一段对话，完成第3至第4小题。 3.Which museum does the boy like best? A.The science museum. B.The history museum. C.The art museum. 4.What does the boy think of visiting museums? A.Educational. B.Fun. C.Challenging. 请听一段独白，完成第5至第6小题。 5.What can we learn from the talk? A.The speaker helped walk dogs at an early age. B.The speaker himself collected over 200 books. C.The speaker raised some money for the elders. 6.Why does the speaker give the talk? A.To share his experience of doing community service. B.To introduce different kinds of community service. C.To call on more people to do community service. 二、听后回答(共10分，每小题2分) 听对话，根据对话内容笔头回答问题。每段对话你将听两遍。 请听一段对话，完成第7小题。 7.How long is Tian’anmen Square from north to south? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第8小题。 8.How often does the girl practice Tai Chi? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第9小题。 9.Which French course fits the girl better? ___________________________________________________________________________ 请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。 10.When do the speakers need to hand in the book report? ___________________________________________________________________________ 11.What does the girl think of the story “The Old Man and the Sea”? ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、听后转写( 共 6 分 ) 听短文，请根据所听内容和思维导图中的提示信息，写出短文主要内容。请注意语法正确， 语意连贯。短文的开头已经给出，短文你将听三遍。 12.I’ve got some information about. 第二部分 知识运用 (共18分) 四、单项填空 (共10分，每小题1分) 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The bike boy always gives away the fixed bikes. ________ is very kind and helpful. A. She B. He C. They D. We 2. Our school is planning a clean-up day ________ September. A. in B. at C. on D. to 3. ________ the man got an umbrella, he still got wet in the rainstorm. A. Although B. Because C. If D. Since 4. —________ I hang out with Kate this evening, Mum? —Sure, but you must be back by nine. A. Would B. Could C. Must D. Need 5. Steve is one of ________ boys in our class. A. strong B. stronger C. most strong D. the strongest 6. Mr Li ________ a talk on first aid in the gym yesterday afternoon. A. gives B. is giving C. has given D. gave 7. If you help me to do chores at home, you________ a box of chocolate. A. get B. gets C. will get D. got 8. —What were you doing when the fire alarm went off? —I ________ on my science project in the classroom. A. was working B. worked C. work D. will work 9. The number of readers________ a million since the book came out. A. reaches B. reached C. has reached D. will reach 10. The teachers often tell us ________ each other during the study tour. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps 五、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分) 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 One lunch break, I was working on my robot programming when suddenly it fell off the desk and broke into pieces. Just then, two boys passed by. “Oh, a GIRL programmer!” One sneered (讥讽) “More like a girl breaker,” the other laughed. More ____11____ words followed and left my heart burning with anger. Then Gab walked over asking me to watch his football final after school. “Not interested in your boys’ stuff!” I refused, ____12____ the pieces into my bag. But Gab kept asking, “Please come. I need you to be there.” Something in his voice ____13____ a yes from me. When people came to congratulate Gab for shooting the winning goal, he pulled out a half-finished scarf from his bag and started knitting (编织). The crowd fell in ____14____ at first but soon it was broken as someone shouted “Gab is a knitter!” Laughs and sneers spread like waves. But Gab didn’t seem to care. He continued knitting, ____15____ and proud. His fingers moved like dancing butterflies and the red scarf flew in the air as if it was making an exciting speech. Then, ____16____ happened—people suddenly stopped laughing. They came over again, eyes shining with interest. “Could you..maybe teach me how to do that?” One boy asked, almost shyly. “Looks very cool, actually.” “Yeah,” Many nodded in agreement. Gab showed a ____17____ smile to me. I suddenly realized something and smiled back. Since then, I have never cared about others’ mean words or laughs and guess what? When I won the first prize in programming, the first ones to ____18____ me were the two boys who laughed at me! 11. A. sweet B. boring C. hurtful D. encouraging 12. A. sending B. sweeping C. breaking D. changing 13. A. drew B. kept C. refused D. borrowed 14. A. fear B. trouble C. silence D. darkness 15. A. calm B. amazed C. nervous D. scared 16. A. love B. magic C. arguments D. accidents 17. A. forced B. painful C. polite D. meaningful 18. A. beat B. teach C. discourage D. congratulate 第三部分 阅读理解 (共26分) 六、阅读理解(共26分，每小题2分) 第一节 阅读下列四个故事的介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的故事，并将人物所对应的A、B、C、D 选项填在相应位置上。 A Three students want to share some amazing stories in the reading club Let’s help them to choose the proper story. A. Hou Yi Shoots the Suns When ten suns rose together, they made the earth too hot. Hou Yi noticed the people in trouble so he acted. He shot down nine suns, making the earth a good place to live on again. The story shows we can overcome challenges with bravery and skills. B. Yu Gong Moves the Mountains There were two big mountains near Yu Gong’s house and it took a long time to walk to the other side. Yu Gong decided to move them with his family. People laughed at him, but he didn’t give up. The story reminds us anything is possible if we keep trying. C. Hansel and Gretel Hansel and Gretel were left in the forest by their father and stepmother because there was no more food to feed the whole family. But they managed to find their way home with cleverness. The story tells us that thinking smart and staying calm can help us succeed. D. The Emperor’s New Clothes Two cheats made special clothes for an emperor and said only clever people could see them. Finally, the emperor walked around the city wearing nothing. But a boy told the truth. The story tells us that we should be fearless to tell the truth. Amy:____19____ I want to tell others that we should not give up in the face of difficulties. Peter:____20____ I would like to encourage others not to be afraid to tell the truth. Bob:____21____ I hope to help others understand the importance of keeping calm and thinking smart. 第二节 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B The Blazers and the Engineers had played two close games this season. Each team won one game. Now, the final game was for the championship. There were only seven seconds left in the game. Mason’s team, the Blazers, was winning 31-29. Mason was guarding Edwin, the best player on the Engineers team. The crowd shouted: “4...3.…2…” Edwin stopped, jumped, and shot the ball before the buzzer (终场哨) sounded. The ball went in! The score was now 31-31 “We will play overtime,” said Mason’s teammate Joel. Mason felt bad because he failed to stop Edwin. Edwin smiled at him, making Mason feel even worse. In overtime, both teams were nervous and made mistakes. Edwin scored twice. Now the Engineers were ahead by 4 points. But then Joel made a great three-point shot with 28 seconds left! Then Mason had his big moment. With 11 seconds left, he guessed where Edwin would move. He stole an important pass. Mason ran fast toward the basket, but two defenders (防守球员) came to stop him. He thought about taking the final shot himself—a chance to be a hero. But then he saw Joel, who was standing alone near the basket. Mason passed the ball to Joel. Joel caught the ballturned,and scored just as the buzzer sounded. The Blazers won! Mason and Joel gave each other a high-five.“Great pass!” Joel said. From that day, Mason learned something important:real winning is more than just the score. 22. Mason felt ________ because he failed to stop Edwin. A. excited B. unhappy C. relaxed D. lonely 23. Before taking the final shot, Mason decided to pass the ball to Joel because ________. A. the coach told him to pass B. Joel asked for the ball loudly C. Mason was too tired to shoot D. no defenders were around Joel 24. What lesson did Mason learn at last? A. Being a good teammate matters more than being a hero. B. Scoring points is the most important part of basketball. C. Winning is only about getting the highest final score. D. Losing a game helps a team become much stronger. C Housework is often viewed as a dull and endless chore, keeping us from more enjoyable activities. However, this seemingly simple set of tasks hides many benefits that can greatly contribute to our overall well-being. Physically, housework offers more than just light exercise. Take wringing a mop as an example. This simple act works the forearm muscles (肌肉) and increases holding strength, which is important as we age. According to The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, such muscle exercise, often performed unconsciously (无意识地) during housework, can greatly improve forearm muscle endurance (耐力). Studies suggest that regular middle-level-effort housework can be as effective as wringing a mop light weight training,particularly in building muscles in the back and shoulders. The benefits of housework to mental health are also noteworthy. Tidying a messy room can bring us a clear-headed feeling. Creating order from mess helps us feel in control. Research in The Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that people who spent just 15 minutes organizing their workspace had lower stress levels than those who remained in a messy place. Cooking also offers mental rewards. Focusing on chopping vegetables,measuring ingredients, and following a recipe is a form of mindfulness. Moreover, the joy of preparing and sharing a meal brings us a sense of achievement. Housework also helps with social connections and brain function.When families share chores, they communicate, cooperate, and support each other, strengthening relationships. Children learn responsibility and teamwork from an early age. Furthermore, doing housework can improve executive functions, like deciding which room to clean first or how to cook a meal step by step. These can help train the brain to stay active and organized.Research shows that doing housework at least three times a week lowers the risk of older adults’ brain problems. In short, housework is far more than a boring duty. It improves physical fitness, mental health, social connections, and brain function. By recognizing these benefits, we can view housework not as a burden (负担) but as a valuable effort for a better life. 25. According to the passage,what is a key benefit of wringing a mop? A. It builds muscle strength of the legs. B. It offers a conscious muscle exercise. C. It improves forearm muscle endurance. D. It helps to lose weight more quickly. 26. What does the writer probably agree with? A. Doing housework instead of fun things is a huge burden. B. Chopping vegetables helps reduce stress better than cleaning. C. Seeing housework as a simple duty harms family relationships. D. Tidying workspace improves sense of control and lowers stress. 27. The underlined expression “executive functions” in Paragraph 4 probably means“________.” A. the ability to make decisions and plans B. the talent to set goals to control emotions C. the ability to be active and free from stress D. the talent to lower the risk of brain problems 28. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain important research findings on housework. B. To show different opinions on doing housework tasks. C. To encourage readers to see chores in a reasonable way. D. To stress mental benefits gained from doing chores. D Common sense means the basic understanding and knowledge that we believe most people have. This shows up in everyday situations like following traffic rules: people on foot naturally avoid stepping into traffic, while drivers seldom drive on sidewalks to ensure safety. Although common sense seems to be everywhere, do all people share commonsense beliefs about everything? And how “common” is common sense among different social groups? “We all think we share common sense,” said Professor Duncan Watts from the University of Pennsylvania. “However, we seldom make clear which of our beliefs match common sense or who else agrees with us.” To deal with the challenge of understanding common sense, Watts and his research partner, Mark Whiting, studied it on two levels. First, on an individual level, they checked how much people agreed on certain ideas and whether they knew others agreed too. Second, on a group level, they came up with the “pq common sense” framework. It’s a new way to see what percentage of people (p) agree on how many ideas (q). They tested this “pq”framework. They got 4,607 ideas from different places and asked 2,046 people. The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict “perfect common sense” rule. Even when they made the rule looser (更松动的), not many ideas had a lot of agreements. What’s unique is that when they needed more ideas to be agreed on,the number of people agreeing dropped sharply. Big groups had far fewer shared ideas. The study also found that individual differences in commonsensicality (常识性) mainly relate to the ability to understand others’ thoughts. However, age, gender and other factors don’t affect it. In other words, common sense is shaped by personal views, not as “common” as we think. The researchers believe that expanding (扩大) their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies. They’re also interested in creating ways to measure common sense using AI systems, which could help AI better understand human contexts and develop its decision-making skills. 29. What can we learn from the passage about the study? A. Common sense has little link to individual preference. B. Everyone understands common sense in the same way. C. Commonsensicality relates to personal age and gender. D. Very few common-sense beliefs are agreed on by all. 30. What might be the researchers’ further study according to the passage? A. To create more reasonable traffic rules based on common sense. B To explore common sense among different cultures and societies. C. To teach people to better understand others’ commonsensicality. D. To create new AI systems to develop human decision-making skills. 31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Common Sense: Less Common than We Think B. The“pq”Framework: Measuring Social Beliefs C. AI &Common Sense:A New Research Direction D. Commonsensicality: Shaping Individual Differences 第四部分 书面表达(共31分) 七、阅读表达(共10分，第44-46题每小题2分，第47题4分) 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Kurtz is the manager of Rust Belt Riders in Cleveland, Ohio. His company started a project of composting (堆肥) with waste food. Its goal is to fight against climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. “If we want to meet the climate goals that have been set by our leaders and scientists, we’re going to have to deal with food waste, which is a huge part of the problem of climate change,” Kurtz said. Wasted food usually ends up in landfills. As it breaks down, it creates a gas called methane (甲烷). Methane traps heat in the atmosphere, which makes climate worse. Every day, Kurtz connects with grocery stores, restaurants, and other food-service businesses. He educates them about the harmful effects of food waste. Then he asks if they’re willing to change the way they deal with their extra food. So far, Rust Belt Riders has called on 300 companies and 2,800 families to do something different with their food waste. With seven trucks and 30 workers, the company picks up their clients’ extra food and composts it, turning it into soil. Composted soil is much more than just dirt. It’s made up of five ingredients that help plants grow strong. That’s why Kurtz and his workmates sell the composted soil to people and businesses that need it which has become a second service at Rust Belt Riders. In addition to partnering with businesses and families, Rust Belt Riders has teamed up with local schools. At Dentzler Elementary, Rust Belt Riders helps the kitchen staff compost its leftover food. The students place their food waste into bins during lunch periods. The bins are then collected by Rust Belt Riders. “This program has created a space for all students to become environmental caretakers in their own cafeteria,” Emily Cass, a farm-to-school coordinator (协调员) at Dentzler says, “when they might not have other opportunity to help with climate change.” 32. What is the goal of the project that Kurtz started? _____________________________________________________________________________ 33. How does the company deal with their clients’ extra food? _____________________________________________________________________________ 34. Why do Kurtz and his workmates sell the composted soil? _____________________________________________________________________________ 35. What do you think of the project of the company? Why do you think so? _____________________________________________________________________________ 八、完成句子(共11分，每空1分) 根据下面各题所给的中英文或所给词的正确形式填空。每空只填写一个词。 36. 他们过去常常为小事争吵，但现在相处得很好。 They ________ ________ argue with each other over small things, but now they get on well. 37. 我花了两周的时间读完《西游记》的。 It took me two weeks ________ ________ reading Journey to the West. 38. 灰姑娘太忙了，没有时间为晚会做一件衣服。 Cinderella was ________ ________ ________ she had no time to make a dress for the party. 39. 自2022年以来，我已经去过中国国家博物馆3次了。 I ________ ________ to the National Museum of China three times since 2022. 40. The ________ (excite) of finding an ________ (usual) seashell made the beach trip unforgettable. 九、文段表达( 1 0分) 41. 假如你是李华，你校英语社团正在举办以“讲好传统故事传承文化精神”为主题的展示活动。你打算邀请交换生Chris参加这次活动。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，简要介绍该活动，并说明邀请他参加的理由。根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。 提示词语： hall, speeches, act, learn, history 提示问题： ●When and where will the activity be held? ●What will students do in this activity? ●Why do you invite Chris? Dear Chris, How is it going?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 42. 某英文报纸正在举办以主题为“我眼中的北京(Beijing in My Eyes)” 的专栏征文活动。假如 你是李华，请你用英文投稿，简要介绍北京，并谈谈你最喜欢的方面。根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。 提示词语：capital, places of interest, museum, modern, proud 提示信息：●What is Beijing like? Please describe it. ●What do you like best about Beijing? In my eyes, Beijing is ....__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$