Unit 4 Section A 笔记单 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 Section A 笔记单 Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? Section A 【考点 1】What's wrong with you? I have a headache. 你怎么了?我头疼。 【详解】本句是询问身体状况的核心句型,“What's wrong with you?” 用于关心他人健康,同义表达有 “What's the matter with you?”“What's the trouble?”。 have a headache是固定短语,意为 “头疼”,“have a + 疾病名词” 表 “患…… 病”,如 “have a fever”(发烧)、“have a cold”(感冒)。 例句: 她喉咙疼,应该多喝水。She _ a sore throat and should drink more water. — 你怎么了?— 我牙疼。—What's wrong with you? —I _ a toothache. 拓展:描述身体不适的其他短语 have a stomachache 胃疼 have a sore back 背疼 have a cough 咳嗽 真题演练: ( ) —_ with your brother? —He has a fever. A. What's the wrong B. What's matter C. What's wrong D. What's the matter with 【考点 2】You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。 【详解】 should是情态动词,意为 “应该”,后接动词原形,表建议,否定形式为 “shouldn't”(不应该)。 lie down意为 “躺下”,“lie” 的过去式为 “lay”,现在分词为 “lying”,注意与 “lay”(放置)区分。 例句: 你应该每天锻炼。You _ exercise every day. 他不应该吃太多垃圾食品。He _ _ too much junk food. 拓展:should 与 ought to 的区别 should 强调建议:You should listen to your parents. ought to 强调责任:We ought to help each other. 真题演练: ( ) You _ stay up late. It's bad for your health. A. should B. shouldn't C. need D. needn't 【考点 3】He should see a doctor and get an X-ray. 他应该去看医生并拍 X 光片。 【详解】 see a doctor意为 “看医生”,对应 “see a dentist”(看牙医)。 get an X-ray意为 “拍 X 光片”,“X-ray” 是以元音音素开头的名词,前用 “an”。 例句: 她摔断了腿,需要拍 X 光片。She broke her leg and needs to _ _ _. 如果你发烧,应该去看医生。You should _ _ _ if you have a fever. 拓展:医疗相关短语 take one's temperature 量体温 take some medicine 吃药 have an injection 打针 真题演练: ( ) Tom has a toothache. He should _. A. see a dentist B. go to school C. eat candies D. play soccer 【考点 4】What should I do? You should take your temperature. 我该怎么办?你应该量体温。 【详解】 “What should + 主语 + do?” 是提建议的特殊疑问句,用于询问具体做法。 take one's temperature是固定短语,意为 “量体温”,“temperature” 为不可数名词。 例句: 如果你背疼,该怎么办?_ _ I _ if I have a sore back? 他应该先量体温。He should _ _ _ first. 拓展:其他提建议的句型 Why don't you...? 你为什么不……? How about...? …… 怎么样? 真题演练: ( ) —_ I do? I have a cold. —You should drink hot tea with honey. A. What should B. What do C. How should D. How do 【考点 5】Do you have a fever? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 你发烧了吗?是的,我发烧了。/ 不,我没有。 【详解】本句是 “Do + 主语 + have + 疾病?” 的一般疑问句,用于确认他人是否患病,答语需用助动词 “do/does” 呼应。 have a fever意为 “发烧”,“fever” 可与 “high” 搭配:“have a high fever”(发高烧)。 例句: 她感冒了吗?不,没有。—_ she _ a cold? —No, she _. 他发烧了吗?是的,他发高烧。—Does he have a fever? —Yes, he has _ _ _. 拓展:一般疑问句的否定回答缩写 No, I don't. = No, I do not. No, she doesn't. = No, she does not. 真题演练: ( ) —_ your sister have a sore throat? —Yes, _. A. Do; she do B. Does; she does C. Is; she is D. Has; she has 【考点 6】Maybe you have a stomachache. 也许你胃疼。 【详解】 maybe是副词,意为 “也许;可能”,常用于句首表推测。 本句用 “maybe” 提出可能性,后接陈述句。 例句: 也许他应该休息一下。_ he should take a rest. 也许你需要看医生。_ you need to see a doctor. 拓展:maybe 与 may be 的区别 maybe(副词):Maybe he is tired.(也许他累了。) may be(情态动词 + 动词):He may be tired.(他可能累了。) 真题演练: ( ) _ she has a headache. She looks tired. A. May B. Maybe C. May be D. Must 【考点 7】You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你需要远离电脑休息。 【详解】 need to do sth. 意为 “需要做某事”,“need” 此处为实义动词,有人称和时态变化。 take breaks意为 “休息”,同义短语:“take a break”“have a rest”;“away from” 意为 “远离”。 例句: 你需要每天锻炼。You _ _ exercise every day. 孩子们应该远离危险。Children should stay _ _ danger. 拓展:need 作情态动词的用法(多用于否定句 / 疑问句) You needn't come early.(你不必早来。) Need I call him?(我需要给他打电话吗?) 真题演练: ( ) You _ to take breaks. You've worked for 5 hours. A. need B. needs C. needed D. needing 【考点 8】If your head still hurts, go to a doctor. 如果你的头还疼,就去看医生。 【详解】本句是 “if” 引导的条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则:从句用一般现在时(“your head still hurts”),主句用祈使句(“go to a doctor”)。 still是副词,意为 “仍然”,位于实义动词前、助动词后。 例句: 如果明天你感觉更糟,就去看医生。If you _ _ tomorrow, go to a doctor. 如果他发烧,应该多喝水。If he _ a fever, he should drink more water. 拓展:“主将从现” 中主句的其他形式 主句用 “情态动词 + 动词原形”:If it rains, we can stay at home. 真题演练: ( ) If you _ a sore throat, you _ drink warm water. A. have; should B. will have; should C. have; will should D. will have; will should 【考点 9】He hurt himself playing soccer. 他踢足球时伤到了自己。 【详解】 hurt oneself意为 “伤到自己”,“hurt” 的过去式和过去分词均为 “hurt”;反身代词需与主语一致(he himself)。 “playing soccer” 是现在分词短语作状语,表 “受伤时正在做的事”。 例句: 她切菜时伤到了自己。She _ _ when cutting vegetables. 他们爬山时没有伤到自己。They didn't _ _ when climbing the mountain. 拓展:反身代词列表 人称 反身代词 人称 反身代词 I myself we ourselves you yourself you yourselves he himself they themselves she herself it itself 真题演练: ( ) The boy _ _ when he fell off the bike. A. hurt; him B. hurt; himself C. hurts; him D. hurts; himself 【考点 10】I have too much homework so I don't have any free time to do things I like. 我作业太多,所以没有空闲时间做我喜欢的事。 【详解】 too much意为 “太多”,修饰不可数名词(如 “homework”);“too many” 修饰可数名词复数。 so是连词,意为 “所以”,引导结果状语从句,连接因果关系。 例句: 他有太多压力,所以经常失眠。He has _ _ stress, so he often can't sleep. 她吃太多糖果,所以牙疼。She ate _ _ candies, so she has a toothache. 拓展:too much 与 much too 的区别 too much 太多(接不可数名词):too much rain much too 太(接形容词 / 副词):much too cold 真题演练: ( ) There is _ noise in the room _ I can't study. A. too much; so B. too much; that C. much too; so D. much too; that 【考点 11】My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends. 我父母不允许我和朋友闲逛。 【详解】 allow sb. to do sth. 意为 “允许某人做某事”,否定形式为 “don't allow sb. to do sth.”。 hang out意为 “闲逛;常去某处”,是固定短语。 例句: 老师不允许我们上课说话。The teacher doesn't _ us _ _ in class. 他允许孩子周末玩游戏。He _ his child _ _ games on weekends. 拓展:allow 的其他用法 allow doing sth. 允许做某事:Schools don't allow smoking. 真题演练: ( ) His mother doesn't _ him _ _ TV on school nights. A. allow; to; watch B. allow; watch; to C. let; to; watch D. let; watch; to 【考点 12】I'm not good at communicating with people. 我不擅长与人沟通。 【详解】 “be good at + 名词 / 动名词” 意为 “擅长……”,“at” 是介词,后接动词时需用动名词形式。 communicate with意为 “与…… 沟通”,“communicate” 为不及物动词,后接 “with” 引出对象。 例句: 她擅长与孩子沟通。She _ _ _ communicating with children. 我们应该学会与父母沟通。We should learn to _ _ our parents. 拓展:“be good at” 的同义短语 do well in:He does well in English. 真题演练: ( ) My brother is good at _ _ others. A. communicate; with B. communicating; with C. communicate; to D. communicating; to 【当堂检测】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. —What's wrong with you? —_. A. I'm a student B. I have a sore throat C. I like music D. I'm 13 ( ) 2. You _ lie down and rest if you are tired. A. should B. shouldn't C. need D. needn't ( ) 3. If you have a fever, you should _. A. eat ice-cream B. see a doctor C. go swimming D. drink cold water ( ) 4. —Do you have a stomachache? —_. I ate too much. A. Yes, I do B. No, I don't C. Yes, I am D. No, I'm not ( ) 5. She hurt _ when she was cooking. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 What's wrong with _ (she)? She looks sad. You should _ (take) your temperature first. If he _ (have) a headache, he should rest. Maybe she needs _ (see) a dentist. He didn't allow us _ (go) out alone. My sister is good at _ (communicate) with others. There is too _ (many) homework to do. They _ (hurt) themselves playing basketball yesterday. 答案及解析整理 一、例句答案及解析 1.(考点 1) 她喉咙疼,应该多喝水。She has a sore throat and should drink more water. 解析:“have a sore throat” 表 “喉咙疼”,主语 “she” 用第三人称单数 “has”。 — 你怎么了?— 我牙疼。—What's wrong with you? —I have a toothache. 解析:“have a toothache” 表 “牙疼”,用动词原形。 2.(考点 2) 你应该每天锻炼。You should exercise every day. 解析:“should + 动词原形” 表建议。 他不应该吃太多垃圾食品。He shouldn't eat too much junk food. 解析:否定形式 “shouldn't + 动词原形”。 3.(考点 3) 她摔断了腿,需要拍 X 光片。She broke her leg and needs to get an X-ray. 解析:“get an X-ray” 表 “拍 X 光片”,“need to + 动词原形”。 如果你发烧,应该去看医生。You should see a doctor if you have a fever. 解析:“see a doctor” 表 “看医生”,固定短语。 4.(考点 4) 如果你背疼,该怎么办?What should I do if I have a sore back? 解析:“What should + 主语 + do?” 表 “该做什么”。 他应该先量体温。He should take his temperature first. 解析:“take one's temperature” 表 “量体温”。 5.(考点 5) 她感冒了吗?不,没有。—Does she have a cold? —No, she doesn't. 解析:一般疑问句用 “does”,否定回答用 “doesn't”。 他发烧了吗?是的,他发高烧。—Does he have a fever? —Yes, he has a high fever. 解析:“a high fever” 表 “高烧”。 6.(考点 6) 也许他应该休息一下。Maybe he should take a rest. 解析:“maybe” 放句首表推测。 也许你需要看医生。Maybe you need to see a doctor. 解析:同上,“maybe” 修饰整个句子。 7.(考点 7) 你需要每天锻炼。You need to exercise every day. 解析:“need to do sth.” 表 “需要做某事”。 孩子们应该远离危险。Children should stay away from danger. 解析:“stay away from” 表 “远离”。 8.(考点 8) 如果明天你感觉更糟,就去看医生。If you feel worse tomorrow, go to a doctor. 解析:“if” 从句用一般现在时 “feel worse”。 如果他发烧,应该多喝水。If he has a fever, he should drink more water. 解析:主语 “he” 用第三人称单数 “has”。 9.(考点 9) 她切菜时伤到了自己。She hurt herself when cutting vegetables. 解析:“hurt oneself” 表 “伤到自己”,“herself” 与 “she” 呼应。 他们爬山时没有伤到自己。They didn't hurt themselves when climbing the mountain. 解析:“themselves” 与 “they” 呼应,否定句用动词原形。 10.(考点 10) 他有太多压力,所以经常失眠。He has too much stress, so he often can't sleep. 解析:“too much” 修饰不可数名词 “stress”。 她吃太多糖果,所以牙疼。She ate too many candies, so she has a toothache. 解析:“too many” 修饰可数名词复数 “candies”。 11.(考点 11) 老师不允许我们上课说话。The teacher doesn't allow us to talk in class. 解析:“allow sb. to do sth.” 表 “允许某人做某事”,否定句用 “doesn't allow”。 他允许孩子周末玩游戏。He allows his child to play games on weekends. 解析:主语 “he” 用第三人称单数 “allows”。 12.(考点 12) 她擅长与孩子沟通。She is good at communicating with children. 解析:“be good at + 动名词” 表 “擅长做某事”。 我们应该学会与父母沟通。We should learn to communicate with our parents. 解析:“learn to + 动词原形”,“communicate with” 表 “与…… 沟通”。 二、真题演练答案及解析 C 解析:询问身体状况用 “What's wrong?”,完整表达为 “What's wrong with him?”,故选 C。 B 解析:“不应该熬夜” 用 “shouldn't”,故选 B。 A 解析:牙疼应看牙医,“see a dentist”,故选 A。 A 解析:询问建议用 “What should I do?”,故选 A。 B 解析:一般疑问句用 “does” 开头,肯定回答用 “she does”,故选 B。 B 解析:“maybe” 放句首表推测,故选 B。 A 解析:“need to do sth.” 表 “需要做某事”,故选 A。 A 解析:“if” 从句用一般现在时 “have”,主句用 “should”,故选 A。 B 解析:“hurt oneself” 表 “伤到自己”,“himself” 与 “the boy” 呼应,故选 B。 B 解析:“too much noise” 表 “太多噪音”,“so...that” 表 “如此…… 以至于”,故选 B。 A 解析:“allow sb. to do sth.” 表 “允许某人做某事”,“let” 后接动词原形,故选 A。 B 解析:“be good at + 动名词”,“communicate with” 表 “与…… 沟通”,故选 B。 三、当堂检测答案及解析 单项选择 B 解析:问句询问身体状况,答语用 “have a sore throat” 表 “喉咙疼”,故选 B。 A 解析:“should” 表建议 “应该躺下休息”,故选 A。 B 解析:发烧应看医生,“see a doctor”,故选 B。 A 解析:一般疑问句肯定回答用 “Yes, I do”,与 “ate too much” 呼应,故选 A。 B 解析:“hurt oneself” 表 “伤到自己”,“herself” 与 “she” 呼应,故选 B。 用所给单词的正确形式填空 her 解析:“with” 后接宾格 “her”。 take 解析:“should + 动词原形”,“take one's temperature” 表 “量体温”。 has 解析:“if” 从句用一般现在时,主语 “he” 用 “has”。 to see 解析:“need to do sth.” 表 “需要做某事”。 to go 解析:“allow sb. to do sth.” 表 “允许某人做某事”。 communicating 解析:“be good at + 动名词”,“communicating” 表 “沟通”。 much 解析:“too much” 修饰不可数名词 “homework”。 hurt 解析:过去式 “hurt” 与 “yesterday” 呼应,“hurt” 过去式与原形同形。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$