精品解析：上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年新高一上学分班考试英语试题

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (15) Directions: beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The author received tons of congratulations ________ his great success in writing. A. in B. on C. from D. by 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：作者在写作方面的巨大成功得到了热烈的祝贺。 congratulations on“因……祝贺”，是常用搭配，故选B。 2. —How is Mike now? —Don’t worry. He will call us as soon as he ________ the USA. A. reaches B. reached C. will reach D. is reaching 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——迈克现在怎么样了?——别担心。他一到美国就会给我们打电话。as soon as“一……就”引导时间状语从句，表示对将来情况预测时，谓语动词的形式遵循“主将从现”的原则，既主语用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词需用单数reaches。故选A。 3. --- I have a sore throat today! --- You’d better take advantage of the tea break to go to ________. A. chemist’s B. the chemist C. the chemist’s D. the chemists’ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查所有格的省略。句意：——今天我喉咙好痛！——你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist为“药剂师，药师”，在英语中，人们惯常用go to the chemist’s这一用法来表达“去药店”，这其实是一个省略结构，完整的结构是go to the chemist’s shop（去药师的店铺），在表达商店时可以省略所有格后面的名词，即省略shop，保留the chemist’s。故选C。 4. Some fast-developing countries around the world don’t care about protecting ________ against environmental pollution. A. themselves B. them C. it D. itself 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：世界上一些快速发展的国家并不关心保护自己免受环境污染。结合语境可知，主语和宾语所指相同，宾语应用反身代词，主语countries是复数，故此处应用themselves。故选A。 5. According to the new regulations, one ________ pass night driving test for the license. A. need B. can C. must D. may 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据新规定，必须通过夜间驾驶考试才能获得驾照。 根据句意，此处表示“必须通过夜间驾驶考试才能获得驾”，must“必须；一定要”，符合题意，need“需要”；can“能够；可能”；may“或许”。故选C项。 6. All the residents in the area ________ that they move into new flats within three months. A. are advised B. advised C. have advised D. have been advised 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个区域的所有居民已经被建议在三个月内搬到新公寓。空处为主句谓语动词，主语all the residents和advise之间为被动关系，且句子陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故选D。 7. She came up with several ideas about the house decoration ________ a fantastic one popped into her mind. A. until B. before C. since D. unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：在想到一个极好的主意之前，她想出了几个装修房子的想法。A.until 直到；B.before在…之前；C.since自从，；D.unless除非。结合句意可知，根据句意可知只有先有几个想法，然后才有好主意才符合逻辑，，故选择B项。 8. Mary’s success lies in the fact ________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A. because B. which C. where D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 分析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：玛丽的成功在于她善于精诚合作并乐于向别人学习。分析句子结构，fact (事实)之后的从句，是“事实”的具体内容，且该从句成分完整，fact在其中亦无法作某一句子成分，因而切勿判断成定语从句；这是一个同位语从句，从句具体解释fact的内容，与fact并列，使用连接词that引导同位语从句，且that不可省略。the fact that+从句是英语中的常见结构，综上本题选D。 9. ________ any staircase, I followed a dark passage and it seemed to go on forever. A. Not to have seen B. Seeing not C. Having not seen D. Not seeing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有看见楼梯，我沿着一个昏暗的走廊行走，似乎要永远继续下去。分析句子可知，see用非谓语动词形式作状语，与主语I是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故排除A项，否定式在分词前加not，故排除B、C项。用not seeing，故选D项。 10. Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数高中生都喜欢在课堂上保持沉默。当时间/条件/让步状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，从句谓语动词有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。此处是Unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，完整句子为Unless (they are) invited to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class.此处不存在“正在被邀请”。故选A。 11. Doctors insist the growth of wisdom continues after the 40s, 50s and even 60s, ________? A. does it B. doesn’t it C. do they D. don’t they 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：医生们坚持认为智力水平的增长在40、50，甚至60岁以后还会继续，不是吗?（难道他们不是这样认为的吗？）根据所学语法知识，反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think(believe, suppose, consider, insist)+that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。本句符合这一情况，故根据主句主语为复数+主句为肯定语气，可知问句部分应使用否定语气+复数代词，即don’t they，故选D。 12. If she accepts this position, she will have no choice but ________ an even greater challenge. A. to meet B. meets C. meeting D. met 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定表达。句意：如果她接受这个职位，她将别无选择，只能迎接更大的挑战。结合句意可知，此处为固定表达have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择只能作某事”。故选A。 13. Donald survived when the car ________ he was in crashed into a truck from the opposite side. A. as B. where C. that D. once 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当唐纳德所在的那辆汽车从对面撞上了一辆卡车时，他幸免于难。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the car，指物，关系词代替它在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that。故选C。 14. A high definition digital camera on this cell phone can show you vividly ____________is around the person you are talking to. A. how B. which C. what D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这款手机上的高清数码相机可以让你清楚地看到和你说话的人周围的一切。这是个宾语从句，从句做show的宾语，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，用what引导。故选C。 【点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句考查频率最高的从句，怎样判断出是宾语从句也很关键，宾语从句即位于谓语后作宾语的那个句子，本题中的谓语动词show后常用复合宾语，show sb sth，由此可知，从句是个宾语从句，设空后紧跟的是be动词，很显然缺少主语，这时再结合句意就可判断出使用what引导。 15. Oetzi, the 5,000-year-old “Iceman”, ________on the alpine border between Italy and Austria in 1991. A. was discovering B. was discovered C. had been discovered D. discovered 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：1991年，在意大利和奥地利之间的高山边境上，人们发现了有5000年历史的“冰人”Oetzi。分析句子结构，主语是Oetzi，谓语动词是discover，两者是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据时间状语in 1991，可知此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，即一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故选B项。 Section B (20) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. belief B. discourage C. choices D. issue AB. try AC. characterize AD. demonstrate BC. ensure BD. incomparable CD. opposing ABC. responsible The unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies ____16____ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong ____17____ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.” Foreign students also come in search of ____18____. America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is ____19____. No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ____20____ professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) ____21____ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration. Such ____22____ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are ____23____ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money. Centralization (集权化) is likely to ____24____ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand It may also ______25______ the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.” 【答案】16. AC 17. A 18. C 19. BD 20. AD 21. AB 22. CD 23. ABC 24. BC 25. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国大学的特色，指出了美国校园重视丰富校园生活，比如俱乐部、运动队、学生刊物以及戏剧社团；美国学生的平日生活和他们的学习成果同等重要；美国各类学校应有尽有，选择空间很大；等情况，同时比较了美国大学与他国大学的不同。 【16题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：俱乐部，运动队，学生刊物和戏剧社团共同造就了多姿多彩的美国校园生活。分析句子结构可知，Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies是一个长主语，句子缺少其后的谓语动词；在备选的动词中，characterize意为“使……具有特征，表现……的特点”，正是主语列举的这些事物，表现了美国校园的多姿多彩（或者说，使得美国校园多姿多彩），符合语境，故选AC。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在美国，人们有一个非常坚定的信念，那就是，学生的日常生活与他们的学习经历一样重要，分析句子可知，a strong后接名词，从句部分that a student's daily life is as important as his learning experience是美国人的一种理念，坚信的一种观点，因而选择belief（信念，信仰），此处that从句构成一个同位语从句，表达“信念”的内容，故选A。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：外国学生也来这里寻找（多样化的选择。根据文中下一句“America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is incomparable”（美国的可选菜单——研究型大学，州立机构，私立文理学院，社区学院，宗教机构——是无与伦比的）可见美国光在学校类型上的选择空间就十分广阔，外国学生到这来可以有不一样的选择；从语法上讲，in search of后接宾语，只能放动名词或名词，且其后的options（选择）属于同义复现，有提示作用，故可定位到名词choices，选择C。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：美国的可选菜单——研究型大学，州立机构，私立文理学院，社区学院，宗教机构——是无与伦比的。be动词后接形容词作表语，根据下一句“No any single European country can offer such variety.”（没有哪一个欧洲国家能提供如此的多样性）可知，此处在表达“美国大学可选择性无可匹敌”之意，incomparable“无可匹敌的，无法比拟的”符合语境，故答案选BD。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：一开始的时候，海外学生通常被要求展现出在特定领域的专业技能，无论是法律、哲学亦或是化学。be required to后接动词原形，结合上下文语境，此处表达的是在这些国家的学生，需要有自己的“专业”，术业有专攻；在备选动词中，demonstrate表示“展示，证明”，即要在自己的专业上证明自己的能力，有所建树，符合语境，故答案选AD。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：大多数美国大学坚持让学生在选择专业领域之前，在自然科学和社会科学、语言和文学领域都有所尝试。此处冠词a(an)后接名词，结合上下文，这里展现的是两种不同的教育理念，上文是“术业有专攻”，这里是“通识教育”，不同领域都试试；在备选名词中，名词try是“尝试”，符合语境，所以答案选AB。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种对立的哲学产生于不同的传统和权力结构。这里需要找到合适的形容词来修饰名词philosophies（哲学），而前两句正展示了两种截然不同的理念，故在备选形容词中opposing（对立的，相反的）符合语境，所以答案选CD。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在欧洲和日本，大学只对教育部负责。本句缺表语，根据语境，欧洲和日本的大学只专注于“学术”、“教育”，备选词中，形容词responsible“负责的”在句中作表语，be responsible to是固定短语，“对……负责”，这些大学只专注于学术教育，仅对教育部负责，故答案选ABC。 【24题详解】 考查动词。集权化很有可能确保所有的学生都有大致相同的资源，表现出来的水平也大致相同。be likely to（可能）后接动词原形，这种有统一执行标准，规范化和流程化的教育或许可以“确保”学生收到的教育资源大体相同，最终培养出来的水平能力也大致相同，ensure是动词“确保”，符合语境，故答案选BC。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，它也可能会阻碍不同想法（创新性想法）的尝试。这种“模子式”的标准化教育，出来的产品也“标准化”，但肯定不鼓励离经叛道，偏才怪才，因而对于不一样的想法，或许有阻碍作用。情态动词may后接动词原形，discourage“阻止，使气馁”是符合语境的动词，本题选B。 Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need A. attraction B. benefit C. enthusiastically D. command AB. satisfy AC. undoubtedly AD. approval BC. treasured BD. viewed CD. developed ABC. considerable Public image doesn’t make money directly, nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is ____26____ desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. Public image refers to how a company is ____27____ by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders (股东), by the financial community, by the communities where it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to ____28____ extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the ____29____ of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors (贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to ____30____ all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the ____31____ of creditors and stockholders. However, it will ____32____ find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be ____33____. It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has ____34____ a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to ____35____ higher price-earnings ratio (比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a goodreputation and public image. 【答案】26. C 27. BD 28. ABC 29. A 30. AB 31. AD 32. AC 33. BC 34. CD 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公众形象虽不直接生利、无形，却受各类机构渴求，其定义、可控性、作用及优质形象的价值与不易模仿性。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，良好的公众形象是一件非常重要的事情，它是每一个公司、企业、事业单位等热切期望的。根据“desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc”可知，此处表示良好的公众形象是公司、企业、事业单位等热切期望的，C选项“enthusiastically (热切地)”修饰动词，作状语，符合题意。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：公众形象指的是一个公司如何被其客户、供应商和股东、金融界、其运营所在的社区以及联邦和地方政府所看待。根据“how a company is”可知，此处表示公司如何被看待，BD选项“viewed (看待，视为)”是动词的过去分词形式，与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合题意。故选BD。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公众形象在相当大的程度上是可控的，就像产品、价格、地点和促销努力一样。根据“Public image is controllable”以及语意可知，此处表示公众形象在相当大的程度上是可控的，空处需用形容词作定语修饰extent，ABC选项“considerable (相当大的)”说明可控的程度是相当大的，符合题意。故选ABC。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：一个公司的公众形象在吸引员工、客户以及股东、供应商、债权人、政府官员以及不同特殊团体等外部人员对公司及其产品的兴趣方面起着至关重要的作用。根据“of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as different special groups”可知，此处表示公众形象对公司吸引相关人员有重要作用，A选项“attraction (吸引力，兴趣)”符合题意。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：有些事情不可能满足所有不同的公众群体：例如，一个新的高度自动化的工厂可能会满足债权人和股东的认可。根据“all the different publics”可知，此处表示不可能满足所有公众。AB选项“satisfy (满足)”符合题意。故选AB。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：有些事情不可能满足所有不同的公众群体：例如，一个新的高度自动化的工厂可能会满足债权人和股东的认可。根据“a new highly automated plant”可知，此处表示一个新的高度自动化的工厂可能会满足债权人和股东的认可，AD选项“approval (认可，赞同)”符合题意。故选AD。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，它无疑会遭到那些认为自己的工作受到威胁的员工的抵制。根据前句“a new highly automated plant may meet the __6__ of creditors and stockholders”以及本句中“find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened”可知，前面说新工厂满足债权人和股东，本句表示转折，提到其遭到员工抵制，即无疑会得到抵制，AC选项“undoubtedly (无疑地)”修饰动词，作状语，符合题意。故选AC。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：一个公司的公众形象，如果良好的话，应该被珍视。根据后文“It is a valuable strength”可知，此处表示良好的公众形象是有价值的，应该被珍视，BC选项“treasured (珍视)”与空前的构成含有情态动词的被动语态，符合题意。故选BC。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果一个公司已经树立了良好的质量形象，这就不容易被竞争对手模仿。根据“a quality image”可知，此处表示已经树立了形象，CD选项“developed (发展，树立)”是动词的过去分词形式，与has构成现在完成时，符合题意。故选CD。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：它还应该使该公司的股票比同行业其他具有良好声誉和公众形象的公司获得更高的市盈率。根据“higher price-earnings  ratio (比例)”可知，此处表示使公司股票做某事，获得更高的市盈率，D选项“command (获得，赢得)”，符合题意。故选D。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of ____36____ by individuals. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ____37____ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object — food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others — was sufficient reason to ____38____ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the ____39____ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed. In the second place it is observable, that ____40____ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were ____41____ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire. Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to ____42____ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the ____43____ species. Monkeys do not mind being ____44____ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often ____45____. But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ____46____ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ____47____. A child will be stopped either by ____48____ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be ____49____ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by ____50____, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper. 36. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness 37. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection 38. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into 39. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary 40. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation 41. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully 42. A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate 43. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable 44. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled 45. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcome 46. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion 47. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality 48. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic 49. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented 50. A. learning B. failing C. imitating D. refusing 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过观察猿类和儿童的行为，指出个体间爆发争斗和表现出攻击性的三个原因：对外部物体的占有、对陌生者入侵的憎恨以及自身活动受挫或失败。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过对类人猿和儿童行为的观察所获得的证据表明，个体发生争斗和表现出攻击性有三个原因。A. fulfillment履行；B. excitement兴奋；C. isolation隔离；D. aggressiveness攻击性。根据后文“One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ____2____ of external objects.”可知，文章主要讨论的是攻击性行为的原因。故选D项。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童和猿类之间最常见的打架原因之一是对争夺外部物体的占有。A. usage使用；B. possession占有；C. value价值；D. collection收集。根据后文“The argument over the ownership of any desired object — food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others — was sufficient reason to ____3____ force.”可知，此处讨论的是对物品的占有权。故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对任何想要的物品——食物、衣服、玩具、雌性动物和他人的感情——的所有权的争论足以诉诸武力。A. turn to转向，求助于；B. drive away赶走；C. come over过来；D. make into制成。根据前文“The argument over the ownership of any desired object”可知，争论会引发武力解决。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，争斗常常进行到如此极端，以至于最终完全摧毁了共同渴望的物品。A. moderate适度的；B. subtle微妙的；C. complete完全的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.”可知，争斗导致物品被彻底摧毁。故选C项。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，可以观察到，当只有一个人或其他人想要一个物品时，就会发生冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. negotiation谈判；C. agreement协议；D. donation捐赠。根据前文“there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of ____1____ by individuals.”和后文“desired by only one person or by someone else”可知，此处讨论的是冲突的发生。故选A项。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有许多案例中，被当作无用之物丢弃的玩具和其他物品，当它们成为其他孩子渴望的对象时，会被拥有者暴力捍卫。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. violently暴力地；C. unwillingly不愿意地；D. peacefully和平地。根据前文“there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of ____1____ by individuals.”和后文“defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.”可知，这里指暴力捍卫。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个攻击性的原因是儿童和猿类非常憎恨陌生者入侵他们的群体。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接受；C. prove证明；D. hate憎恨。根据后文“A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death.”可知，同类的入侵导致憎恨。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，当陌生者来自相似的物种时，愤怒就会发生。A. similar相似的；B. modest谦虚的；C. strong强壮的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文“But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs.”可知，此处讨论的是同类物种之间的反应。故选A项。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：猴子不介意有山羊或老鼠加入它们。A. observed观察；B. protected保护；C. joined加入；D. spoiled破坏。根据后文“Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group.”可知，这里指其他动物加入猴群。故选C项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这样的新来者通常很受欢迎。A. offensive冒犯的；B. considerate体贴的；C. generous慷慨的；D. welcome受欢迎的。根据前文“Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group.”可知，动物新成员是受欢迎的。故选D项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：新来者的竞争令人担忧。A. strength力量；B. attitude态度；C. competition竞争；D. emotion情感。根据后文“there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.”可知，新来者带来了竞争。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，儿童之间打架的另一个常见原因是他们自身活动的挫折或失败。A. knowledge知识；B. activity活动；C. study学习；D. personality个性。根据后文“for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle.”可知，此处指自身活动受挫。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子可能会因为自然原因（如恶劣天气或疾病）而无法做他想做的事情，例如，划船或骑自行车。A. natural自然的；B. physical身体的；C. financial金融的；D. academic学术的。根据后文“such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do”可知，自然原因使他们不能做成某件事情。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，活动可能会因为某些成年人的反对而被阻止。A. enhanced增强；B. operated操作；C. extended延伸；D. prevented阻止。根据后文“because of the opposition of some adult”可知，成年人的反对使活动受阻。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子也可能因为缺乏技能或力量而未能成功完成某项期望的活动，从而感到沮丧。A. learning学习；B. failing失败；C. imitating模仿；D. refusing拒绝。根据后文“through lack of skill or strength”可知，缺乏技能或力量使得做事不成功。故选B项。 Section B (32) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My husband and I were once in Nepal (尼泊尔) to see sunrise over the Himalayas. One morning we awoke to total darkness at 5 o’clock. As we rushed through a town with cameras in hand, I noticed the calm, gentle way the Nepalese people greeted the morning. One man boiled a huge pot of milk tea, and other villagers gathered around his fire, cupping their hands around small glasses of the steaming sweet mixture. It was fascinating, but not to be left behind, we joined the stream of tourists moving quickly up to the lookout point. The top was crowded when we arrived, but after 10 minutes of cold waiting, the assembled group gave up. “The cloud cover is too heavy,” one said. Then one by one they rushed down the hill to the next item on their sightseeing list. I was disappointed as well, but suddenly I noticed a small Nepalese boy absently playing with a stick and shooting quick glances at the clouds. He must know something we don’t, I thought. I decided to wait with him. The boy and I didn’t have to wait long. Moments later, a tiny stream of golden light burned through one thick cloud, then another. Rose-colored fog warmed the backs of the clouds, and suddenly the morning sun stole a glance around the side of the mountain, miles above where I’d expected it to be. Nothing I’d seen before prepared me for the moment the clouds withdrew with bowed heads, and the magnificent Himalayas were revealed before, around, and above me. I sat in astonishment, not breathing, not daring to look away, certain that God had placed me here at the backdoor of Earth to show me what Heaven really looks like. I certainly got the message. Never again will I rush a sunrise. I now know Nature will supply her fruits to me only when I am truly ready to receive them. 51. What does “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably imply? A. The darkness of the town in the morning. B. The huge pot of milk tea boiling on the fire. C. The way the local people welcomed the day. D. The stream of tourists rushing to the lookout point. 52. The author decided to wait with the Nepalese boy because A. she felt kind of having faith in him B. the restless tourists disappointed her C. that boy was praying to the sun with a magic stick D. she had nothing more to see on her sightseeing list 53. Which of the following words best describe the author’s feeling when she saw the sunrise? A. Totally shocked. B. Absolutely amazed. C. Truly frightened. D. Extremely interested. 54. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Do in Rome as the Romans do. B. God helps those who help themselves. C. Time and tide wait for no man. D. Fortune rewards those having patience. 【答案】51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在尼泊尔观看喜马拉雅山日出的经历及从中得到的感悟。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“As we rushed through a town with cameras in hand, I noticed the calm, gentle way the Nepalese people greeted the morning. One man boiled a huge pot of milk tea, and other villagers gathered around his fire, cupping their hands around small glasses of the steaming sweet mixture. (我们手持相机匆匆穿过一个小镇时，我注意到尼泊尔人迎接清晨时那种平静、温和的方式。一个男人煮了一大壶奶茶，其他村民围在他的火炉旁，双手捧着一小杯热气腾腾的甜饮。)”可知，it指代上文中提到的内容，由此可知，“It”指的是当地人迎接新一天的方式。故选C项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was disappointed as well, but suddenly I noticed a small Nepalese boy absently playing with a stick and shooting quick glances at the clouds. He must know something we don’t, I thought. I decided to wait with him. (我也感到失望，但突然我注意到一个尼泊尔小男孩心不在焉地玩着一根棍子，时不时地瞥一眼云层。我想，他一定知道一些我们不知道的事情。我决定和他一起等。)”可知，作者决定和那个尼泊尔男孩一起等，是因为她有点相信他知道些什么。故选A项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I sat in astonishment, not breathing, not daring to look away, certain that God had placed me here at the backdoor of Earth to show me what Heaven really looks like.(我惊讶地坐着，不呼吸，不敢移开视线，确信上帝把我放在地球的后门，向我展示天堂的真正模样。)”可知，当作者看到日出时，她感到非常惊奇。故选B项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Never again will I rush a sunrise. I now know Nature will supply her fruits to me only when I am truly ready to receive them.(我再也不会急于看到日出了。我现在知道，只有当我真正准备好接受大自然的馈赠时，她才会把果实赐予我。)”可知，作者从这次经历中领悟到耐心等待会有回报，即命运会奖励有耐心的人。故选D项。 (B) Kuringai Chase National Park Guided Walks and Nature Activities SUNDAY MAY7 EASY Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove Valley Meet at 7:30 a.m. at the end of Day RD, Cheltenham, while the bush is alive with birdsong. Round trip: 4 hours ----------------------------------------------------------------- FRIDAY MAY 12 MEDIUM Possum prowl Meet 7:30 p.m. at Seaforth Oval carpark. Enjoy the peace of the bush at night. Lovely water views. Bring a torch and wear non-slip shoes as some rock climbing involved. Coffee and biscuits supplied. Duration: 2 hours ----------------------------------------------------------------- SUNDAY JUNE 4 HARD Baime Basin Track Meet 9:30 am. Track#8, West Head Road, Magnificent Pittwater views. Visit Beechwood cottage. Bring lunch and drink. Some steep sections. Reasonable fitness required. FRIDAY JUNE 6 EASY Poetry around a campfire Meet 7:00 pm. Kalkaari Visitor Center. Share your favourite poem or one of your own with a group around a gently cracking fire. Drinks and food to follow. Bring a cup and a blanket (or a chair). Cost: $4.00 per person. Duration: 2.5 hours ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SUNDAY JUNE 25 EASY Morning Walk at Mitchell Park Meet 8:30 a.m. entrance to Mitchell Park, Mitchell Park Rd. Cattai for a pleasant walk wandering through rainforest, river flats and dry forest to swampland (沼泽地). Binoculars (双筒望远镜) are a must to bring as many birds live here. Finish with morning tea. Duration: 3 hours ---------------------------------------------------------------------- GRADING EASY suitable for ALL fitness levels MEDIUM for those who PERIODICALLY exercise HARD only if you REGULARLY exercise 55. If you seldom exercise, prefer nature to literature and are used to getting up early, you’re most likely to join ______. A. Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove Valley B. Baime Basin Track C. Poetry around a campfire D. Morning Walk at Mitchell Park 56. If you want to enjoy the peace of the bush at night, you are required to ______. A. meet at 7:30 pm. June 6 B. bring slippers with you C. prepare a torch D. climb rocks for two hours 57. How many guided walks and nature activities provide food or drink? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 58. In the activity “Morning Walk at Mitchell Park”, one may have no chance to ______. A. appreciate bird watching B. enjoy mountain climbing C. take a relaxing walk D. have morning tea 【答案】55. A 56. C 57. C 58. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍Kuringai Chase国家公园的几项有向导的徒步旅行和自然活动信息。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据SUNDAY MAY7 EASY部分中的“Meet at 7:30 a.m. at the end of Day RD, Cheltenham, while the bush is alive with birdsong.( 早上7:30在切尔滕纳姆戴伊路的尽头集合，此时灌木丛中鸟鸣声此起彼伏，充满生机。)”以及“SUNDAY MAY7 EASY(5月7日 星期日 简单（级别）)”可知，Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove Valley是简单级别，适合很少锻炼的人，且在清晨进行，符合“早起”和“喜欢自然”的要求。故选A项。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据FRIDAY MAY 12 MEDIUM Possum prowl中的“Meet 7:30 p.m. at Seaforth Oval carpark. Enjoy the peace of the bush at night. Lovely water views. Bring a torch and wear non-slip shoes as some rock climbing involved. (晚上7:30在Seaforth Oval停车场集合。享受夜晚灌木丛的宁静，这里有美丽的水景。请带上手电筒，并穿防滑鞋，因为活动中会涉及一些攀岩环节。)”可知，如果想在夜晚享受丛林的宁静，需要准备手电筒。故选C项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据FRIDAY MAY 12 MEDIUM Possum prowl中的“Coffee and biscuits supplied.(提供咖啡和饼干。)”；FRIDAY JUNE 6 EASY Poetry around a campfire中的“Drinks and food to follow.(随后有饮料和食物。)”；SUNDAY JUNE 25 EASY Morning Walk at Mitchell Park中的“Finish with morning tea.(最后喝早茶。)”可知，共有3项活动提供食物或饮料。故选C项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据SUNDAY JUNE 25 EASY Morning Walk at Mitchell Park中的“Meet 8:30 a.m. entrance to Mitchell Park, Mitchell Park Rd. Cattai for a pleasant walk wandering through rainforest, river flats and dry forest to swampland (沼泽地). Binoculars (双筒望远镜) are a must to bring as many birds live here. Finish with morning tea.(早上8点30分在Cattai的米切尔公园路的米切尔公园入口处集合，一同进行一场惬意的徒步——漫步穿过雨林、河畔平地、干燥森林，最终抵达沼泽地。由于这里栖息着许多鸟类，双筒望远镜是必带物品。)”可知，在这项活动中，人们有机会观鸟、悠闲散步、喝早茶，但没有机会进行登山。故选B项。 (C) Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen’s most famous work, might be updated, 200 years on. Austen’s popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here’s my own suggestion. It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. “My dear husband,” said his hopeful wife one day, “have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?” Her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not. “But it is, it is,” she replied excitedly. Mr Dull-Husband made no reply. “Don’t you want to know her plans?” she cried with some impatience. “Well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head... so I’d better listen.” “Well, my dear, the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me. She will move in herself next month.” “What is her name?” “Bingley.” “Is she married or single?” “What a question! And none of your business. But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.” “How so? How can it possibly affect them?” “My dear love; those lazy boys need something to wake them up. There are bound to be jobs going.” “Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.” “Nonsense, my love, how little you’ve noticed the world has changed. She’s got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification, I’m told. She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call.” “Me? No. Perhaps you can take an interest. You still have your looks, after all. She may even offer you a job.” “Oh, that’s not likely. These new chances belong to the younger generation. But now you mention it, I think I’ll go along all the same.” And Mrs Bennet went along. That was 10 years ago. She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company. ...It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more “female” dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city’s business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she’d no doubt have enjoyed Davos — and might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures. 59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Austen was born 200 years ago. B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C. Austen’s success lies in her wisdom. D. Austen’s updated work gains popularity. 60. The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet ____. A. had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about Bingley B. felt kind of worried and doubtful about Bingley C. was extremely anxious to meet Bingley D. had a great curiosity about Bingley 61. In the eyes of Mrs Bennet, Bingley surely needed one of their boys to ____. A. get married to B. work for her C. help her move in D. take over her store 62. What does the writer intend to tell us? A. Women with brains can also be as successful as men. B. Women have to pay a high price for success. C. A judgment must be made free from prejudice. D. Sex discrimination still exists nowadays. 【答案】59. C 60. A 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章巧妙套用世界名著《傲慢与偏见》章节，独辟蹊径夹叙夹议，深刻评述性别歧视依然存在的这一社会现实。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章的第二段的“Austen’s popularity is rooted in her intelligence(奥斯汀的受欢迎源于她的智慧。)”可知，奥斯丁的成功在于她的智慧。故选C项。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。画线句的这句话的理解关键是对“beyond me”的理解，这个词组意思是“超出我的理解”，即我不能理解一个女性是怎么知道这些东西的，由此推知Mrs Bennet对Bingley的行为既敬佩又惊讶。故选A项。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第十一段的“There are bound to be jobs going(肯定会有工作的)。”和倒数第四段的“She surely needs one of our boys!(她肯定需要我们家男孩子中的一个!)”可以推断出，Mrs Bennet认为Bingley会需要他们家的一个男孩为她工作。故选B项。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段中“It would remain the case, of course, Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues(当然，班纳特太太仍将是公司董事会中为数不多的女性之一，她的薪水将低于她的男同事)”可知，公司委员会的女性还是很少，Mrs Bennet的奖金还是比男性同事要少。可推知，作者想告诉我们性别歧视还是存在。选D项。 (D) The term “culture” now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire; its physical environment, history and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts. The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation. Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes. In Asia and India, the colour of yellow is connected with temples, while in ancient China it was a colour only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression. To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviours, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people”, and kentros, meaning “centre”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil. All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others. 63. What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Instinctive. B. Developed. C. Believable. D. Cultivated. 64. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another. B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own. C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire. D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image. 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society. B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures. C Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude. D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world. 66. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Culture, the Origin of Racial Superiority B. Culture, a Faithful Mirror of History C. Culture, the Vigour of World Development D. Culture, a Distinctive Identity of a Nation 【答案】63. A 64. A 65. C 66. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了文化的定义、特点和一些错误的文化观念。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than”以及后文“People acquire a culture because they are not born with one.”可知，人们习得一种文化，因为他们并非生来就具有这种文化，即大多数人认为文化是后天习得的，而不是天生的。故划线词意思是“天生的”。故选A。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes. (文化通常是通过其符号来识别的，这些符号是人们熟悉的、有意义的图像。刻有动物和创意人物的图腾柱暗示了太平洋西北地区美洲原住民的各个方面，但更确切地说代表了特定的部落)”可知，A选项“对一个符号的不同解释有助于区分一种文化和另一种文化”正确。故选A。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. (然而，欣赏自己的文化并不妨碍对另一种文化的接受和尊重)”可推知，尊重和接受不同的文化是一种正确的文化态度。故选C。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The term “culture” now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire; its physical environment, history and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts. (“文化”这个词现在更多地用来描述从美术到商业团体或运动队的前景的一切。然而，在其最初的意义上，文化包括一个种族群体、国家或帝国的所有识别方面；它的自然环境、历史和传统、社会规则和经济结构、宗教信仰和艺术)”可知，D选项“文化，一个民族的独特身份”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Section C (8) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Some of the most popular programmes on British television, all with their regular millions of loyal viewers, are ‘soaps’ such as Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale. (A ‘soap’ is an informal word for a ‘soap opera’, which is a television story, in daily or weekly episodes (连续剧集), about the daily lives of the characters in it.) In every soap there is the inevitable gossip, and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself — or herself, the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family. To some degree, of course, the regular episodes provide many people with an adult kind of comic, rather like Dickens’ serialized novels did. At times, the actions and characters in them seem quite realistic; at other times, they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers. But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of ‘soap’ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real. Certainly life is never dull in a soap. If one of the adolescents buys a motorbike and a young child lives round the corner, you can bet the two will meet in an accident. If two people fall in love and get married, you can be sure that a friend will cast an insult on the character of one of them, enough to break up the marriage. After all, this is not life; this is a soap! Reality makes way for fiction. The viewers who think that they are watching even a reflection of reality only bring disappointment to themselves. But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith, believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill, or even die, and send cards or flowers with best wishes, congratulations or sympathies. What many of us find difficult to understand is just why soaps have become so popular? (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.) 67. Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale are popular British soaps which ________________________________________________________________________________ 68. What are the two necessary elements of a soap opera? ________________________________________________________________________________ 69 The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas are ________________________________________________________________________________ 70 What do some TV viewers do when they are mad about the soaps? ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】67. have millions of regular loyal viewers 68. The inevitable gossip and the essential character 69. only (a shot of) fiction and not real 70. They follow the characters on screen unreasoningly/ with faith. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了英国热门电视肥皂剧，包括其定义、常见元素、与现实的关系以及观众的反应等内容。 【67题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Some of the most popular programmes on British television, all with their regular millions of loyal viewers, are ‘soaps’ such as Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale. (英国电视上一些最受欢迎的节目（都拥有数百万固定的忠实观众）是“肥皂剧”，比如《加冕街》《东区人》和《爱默戴尔农场》)”可知，这些肥皂剧有着数百万的固定忠实观众，故填have millions of regular loyal viewers。 【68题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“In every soap there is the inevitable gossip, and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself—or herself, the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family. (在每部肥皂剧中，都有不可避免的流言蜚语，还有那种给自身（无论男性角色还是女性角色）招来不幸的核心人物，比如心怀恶意的女人，她嫉妒妹妹嫁给有钱男人获得成功，又因自身幼稚行为使家庭破裂)”可知，肥皂剧必备的两个元素是不可避免的流言和关键角色，故填The inevitable gossip and the essential character。 【69题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of ‘soap’ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real. (但或许陷入明显虚构的喜剧或悲剧情节是有必要的，以此提醒常看肥皂剧的观众，他们每天看的“肥皂剧”纯粹就是虚构内容，而且剧中角色都不是真实的)”可知，要提醒常看的观众肥皂剧只是虚构的，人物不是真实的，故填only (a shot of) fiction and not real。 【70题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith, believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill, or even die, and send cards or flowers with best wishes, congratulations or sympathies. (但仍有观众会盲目地追随着屏幕上角色的动向，甚至在角色受伤、生病乃至死亡时，坚信这些情节是真实发生的，还会寄送写有祝福、祝贺或慰问话语的卡片或鲜花)”可知，有些观众会盲目地追随着屏幕上角色的动向，故填They follow the characters on screen unreasoningly/with faith。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (15) Directions: beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The author received tons of congratulations ________ his great success in writing. A. in B. on C. from D. by 2. —How is Mike now? —Don’t worry. He will call us as soon as he ________ the USA. A. reaches B. reached C. will reach D. is reaching 3. --- I have a sore throat today! --- You’d better take advantage of the tea break to go to ________. A. chemist’s B. the chemist C. the chemist’s D. the chemists’ 4. Some fast-developing countries around the world don’t care about protecting ________ against environmental pollution. A. themselves B. them C. it D. itself 5. According to the new regulations, one ________ pass night driving test for the license. A. need B. can C. must D. may 6. All the residents in the area ________ that they move into new flats within three months. A. are advised B. advised C. have advised D. have been advised 7. She came up with several ideas about the house decoration ________ a fantastic one popped into her mind. A. until B. before C. since D. unless 8. Mary’s success lies in the fact ________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A because B. which C. where D. that 9. ________ any staircase, I followed a dark passage and it seemed to go on forever. A. Not to have seen B. Seeing not C. Having not seen D. Not seeing 10. Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 11. Doctors insist the growth of wisdom continues after the 40s, 50s and even 60s, ________? A. does it B. doesn’t it C. do they D. don’t they 12. If she accepts this position, she will have no choice but ________ an even greater challenge. A. to meet B. meets C. meeting D. met 13. Donald survived when the car ________ he was in crashed into a truck from the opposite side. A. as B. where C. that D. once 14. A high definition digital camera on this cell phone can show you vividly ____________is around the person you are talking to. A. how B. which C. what D. where 15. Oetzi, the 5,000-year-old “Iceman”, ________on the alpine border between Italy and Austria in 1991. A. was discovering B. was discovered C. had been discovered D. discovered Section B (20) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. belief B. discourage C. choices D. issue AB. try AC. characterize AD. demonstrate BC. ensure BD. incomparable CD. opposing ABC. responsible The unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies ____16____ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong ____17____ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.” Foreign students also come in search of ____18____. America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is ____19____. No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ____20____ professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) ____21____ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration. Such ____22____ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are ____23____ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money. Centralization (集权化) is likely to ____24____ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, It may also ______25______ the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.” Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need A. attraction B. benefit C. enthusiastically D. command AB. satisfy AC. undoubtedly AD. approval BC. treasured BD. viewed CD. developed ABC. considerable Public image doesn’t make money directly, nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is ____26____ desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. Public image refers to how a company is ____27____ by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders (股东), by the financial community, by the communities where it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to ____28____ extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the ____29____ of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors (贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to ____30____ all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the ____31____ of creditors and stockholders. However, it will ____32____ find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be ____33____. It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has ____34____ a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to ____35____ higher price-earnings ratio (比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a goodreputation and public image. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of ____36____ by individuals. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ____37____ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object — food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others — was sufficient reason to ____38____ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the ____39____ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed. In the second place it is observable, that ____40____ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were ____41____ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire. Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to ____42____ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the ____43____ species. Monkeys do not mind being ____44____ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often ____45____. But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ____46____ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ____47____. A child will be stopped either by ____48____ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be ____49____ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by ____50____, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper. 36. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness 37. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection 38. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into 39. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary 40. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation 41. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully 42. A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate 43. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable 44. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled 45. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcome 46. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion 47. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality 48. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic 49. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented 50. A. learning B. failing C. imitating D. refusing Section B (32) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My husband and I were once in Nepal (尼泊尔) to see sunrise over the Himalayas One morning we awoke to total darkness at 5 o’clock. As we rushed through a town with cameras in hand, I noticed the calm, gentle way the Nepalese people greeted the morning. One man boiled a huge pot of milk tea, and other villagers gathered around his fire, cupping their hands around small glasses of the steaming sweet mixture. It was fascinating, but not to be left behind, we joined the stream of tourists moving quickly up to the lookout point. The top was crowded when we arrived, but after 10 minutes of cold waiting, the assembled group gave up. “The cloud cover is too heavy,” one said. Then one by one they rushed down the hill to the next item on their sightseeing list. I was disappointed as well, but suddenly I noticed a small Nepalese boy absently playing with a stick and shooting quick glances at the clouds. He must know something we don’t, I thought. I decided to wait with him. The boy and I didn’t have to wait long. Moments later, a tiny stream of golden light burned through one thick cloud, then another. Rose-colored fog warmed the backs of the clouds, and suddenly the morning sun stole a glance around the side of the mountain, miles above where I’d expected it to be. Nothing I’d seen before prepared me for the moment the clouds withdrew with bowed heads, and the magnificent Himalayas were revealed before, around, and above me. I sat in astonishment, not breathing, not daring to look away, certain that God had placed me here at the backdoor of Earth to show me what Heaven really looks like. I certainly got the message. Never again will I rush a sunrise. I now know Nature will supply her fruits to me only when I am truly ready to receive them. 51. What does “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably imply? A. The darkness of the town in the morning. B. The huge pot of milk tea boiling on the fire. C. The way the local people welcomed the day. D. The stream of tourists rushing to the lookout point. 52. The author decided to wait with the Nepalese boy because A. she felt kind of having faith in him B. the restless tourists disappointed her C. that boy was praying to the sun with a magic stick D. she had nothing more to see on her sightseeing list 53. Which of the following words best describe the author’s feeling when she saw the sunrise? A. Totally shocked. B. Absolutely amazed. C. Truly frightened. D. Extremely interested. 54. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Do in Rome as the Romans do. B. God helps those who help themselves. C. Time and tide wait for no man. D. Fortune rewards those having patience. (B) Kuringai Chase National Park Guided Walks and Nature Activities SUNDAY MAY7 EASY Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove Valley Meet at 7:30 a.m. at the end of Day RD, Cheltenham, while the bush is alive with birdsong. Round trip: 4 hours ----------------------------------------------------------------- FRIDAY MAY 12 MEDIUM Possum prowl Meet 7:30 p.m. at Seaforth Oval carpark. Enjoy the peace of the bush at night. Lovely water views. Bring a torch and wear non-slip shoes as some rock climbing involved. Coffee and biscuits supplied. Duration: 2 hours ----------------------------------------------------------------- SUNDAY JUNE 4 HARD Baime Basin Track Meet 9:30 am. Track#8, West Head Road, Magnificent Pittwater views. Visit Beechwood cottage. Bring lunch and drink. Some steep sections. Reasonable fitness required. FRIDAY JUNE 6 EASY Poetry around a campfire Meet 7:00 pm. Kalkaari Visitor Center. Share your favourite poem or one of your own with a group around a gently cracking fire. Drinks and food to follow. Bring a cup and a blanket (or a chair). Cost: $4.00 per person. Duration: 2.5 hours ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SUNDAY JUNE 25 EASY Morning Walk at Mitchell Park Meet 8:30 a.m. entrance to Mitchell Park, Mitchell Park Rd. Cattai for a pleasant walk wandering through rainforest, river flats and dry forest to swampland (沼泽地). Binoculars (双筒望远镜) are a must to bring as many birds live here. Finish with morning tea. Duration: 3 hours ---------------------------------------------------------------------- GRADING EASY suitable for ALL fitness levels MEDIUM for those who PERIODICALLY exercise HARD only if you REGULARLY exercise 55. If you seldom exercise, prefer nature to literature and are used to getting up early, you’re most likely to join ______. A. Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove Valley B. Baime Basin Track C. Poetry around a campfire D. Morning Walk at Mitchell Park 56. If you want to enjoy the peace of the bush at night you are required to ______. A. meet at 7:30 pm. June 6 B. bring slippers with you C. prepare a torch D. climb rocks for two hours 57. How many guided walks and nature activities provide food or drink? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 58. In the activity “Morning Walk at Mitchell Park”, one may have no chance to ______. A. appreciate bird watching B. enjoy mountain climbing C. take a relaxing walk D. have morning tea (C) Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen’s most famous work, might be updated, 200 years on. Austen’s popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here’s my own suggestion. It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. “My dear husband,” said his hopeful wife one day, “have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?” Her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not. “But it is, it is,” she replied excitedly. Mr Dull-Husband made no reply. “Don’t you want to know her plans?” she cried with some impatience. “Well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head... so I’d better listen.” “Well, my dear, the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me. She will move in herself next month.” “What is her name?” “Bingley.” “Is she married or single?” “What a question! And none of your business. But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.” “How so? How can it possibly affect them?” “My dear love; those lazy boys need something to wake them up. There are bound to be jobs going.” “Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.” “Nonsense my love, how little you’ve noticed the world has changed. She’s got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification, I’m told. She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call.” “Me? No. Perhaps you can take an interest. You still have your looks, after all. She may even offer you a job.” “Oh, that’s not likely. These new chances belong to the younger generation. But now you mention it, I think I’ll go along all the same.” And Mrs Bennet went along. That was 10 years ago. She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company. ...It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more “female” dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city’s business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she’d no doubt have enjoyed Davos — and might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures. 59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Austen was born 200 years ago. B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C. Austen’s success lies in her wisdom. D. Austen’s updated work gains popularity. 60. The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet ____. A. had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about Bingley B. felt kind of worried and doubtful about Bingley C. was extremely anxious to meet Bingley D. had a great curiosity about Bingley 61. In the eyes of Mrs Bennet, Bingley surely needed one of their boys to ____. A. get married to B. work for her C. help her move in D. take over her store 62. What does the writer intend to tell us? A. Women with brains can also be as successful as men. B. Women have to pay a high price for success. C. A judgment must be made free from prejudice. D. Sex discrimination still exists nowadays. (D) The term “culture” now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire; its physical environment, history and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts. The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation. Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes. In Asia and India, the colour of yellow is connected with temples, while in ancient China it was a colour only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression. To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviours, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people”, and kentros, meaning “centre”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil. All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others. 63. What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Instinctive. B. Developed. C. Believable. D. Cultivated. 64. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another. B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own. C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire. D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image. 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society. B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures. C. Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude. D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world. 66. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Culture, the Origin of Racial Superiority B. Culture, a Faithful Mirror of History C. Culture, the Vigour of World Development D. Culture, a Distinctive Identity of a Nation Section C (8) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Some of the most popular programmes on British television, all with their regular millions of loyal viewers, are ‘soaps’ such as Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale. (A ‘soap’ is an informal word for a ‘soap opera’, which is a television story, in daily or weekly episodes (连续剧集), about the daily lives of the characters in it.) In every soap there is the inevitable gossip, and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself — or herself, the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family. To some degree, of course, the regular episodes provide many people with an adult kind of comic, rather like Dickens’ serialized novels did. At times, the actions and characters in them seem quite realistic; at other times, they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers. But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of ‘soap’ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real. Certainly life is never dull in a soap. If one of the adolescents buys a motorbike and a young child lives round the corner, you can bet the two will meet in an accident. If two people fall in love and get married, you can be sure that a friend will cast an insult on the character of one of them, enough to break up the marriage. After all, this is not life; this is a soap! Reality makes way for fiction. The viewers who think that they are watching even a reflection of reality only bring disappointment to themselves. But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith, believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill, or even die, and send cards or flowers with best wishes, congratulations or sympathies. What many of us find difficult to understand is just why soaps have become so popular? (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS) 67. Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale are popular British soaps which ________________________________________________________________________________ 68. What are the two necessary elements of a soap opera? ________________________________________________________________________________ 69. The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas are ________________________________________________________________________________ 70. What do some TV viewers do when they are mad about the soaps? ________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $