内容正文:
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period 2 Reading and Thinking教学设计
教学基本信息
单元名称
必修第一册Unit4 Natural Disasters
学科
英语
学段
高中
年级
高一第一学期
主要教材
书名:普通高中教科书·英语必修第一册
出版社:人民教育出版社 出版日期:2019年6月
课时安排
2课时(80min)
课型
读思课
教学设计理念
本节课以“学生为中心”,采用任务型教学法与语篇分析法相结合的理念,注重“输入-内化-输出”的语言学习逻辑。通过分层阅读任务(略读、细读、深读)引导学生主动探究文本内容,在获取信息的同时培养分析、概括和批判性思维能力。结合文本“文学新闻”的体裁特点,将语言学习与文化理解、价值引导相结合,让学生在理解自然灾害事件的过程中,体会人类面对灾难的团结精神与生命力量,实现语言能力与核心素养的协同发展。
教材分析
【What】本文为人教版必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 的 Reading and Thinking 板块语篇,标题《The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep》,聚焦唐山大地震这一典型自然灾害事件,从 “人与自然” 主题下 “自然灾害防范、安全常识与自我保护” 子主题切入,以报告文学(Literary journalism) 体裁,按时间轴完整呈现:
震前预兆:乡村井水异动、动物反常等异常现象,人类浑然不觉,如 “wells cracked, chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat” ;
震中破坏:地震强度大,城市建筑、生态遭毁灭性打击,用数据(“one million, two-thirds, more than 400,000” )和场景描写(“Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves” )展现灾难惨烈;
震后救援与重建:军队、医护、工人等社会力量介入,唐山从废墟逐步复兴,呈现 “一方有难,八方支援” 的团结图景。
【Why】
语言价值:文本涵盖自然灾害主题词汇(“ruin, trap, bury, revival” )、复杂句式(如强调句、倒装句),是学习 “按时间顺序叙事 + 报告文学语言风格” 的优质语料;
文化价值:借唐山地震救援与重建,传递中国应对灾害的制度优势与民族精神—— 政府主导、社会协同,民众 “不屈不挠、团结协作” ,厚植家国情怀;
育人价值:引导学生反思灾害教训,树立 “防灾减灾” 意识,培养面对困难 “积极乐观、共克时艰” 的人生态度,呼应 “立德树人” 根本任务。
【How】
双线叙事结构:
明线(时间线):震前预兆→震中破坏→震后救援重建,逻辑清晰,符合 “事件类文本” 阅读认知规律;
暗线(情感线):人类从 “浑然不觉”→“震惊恐惧”→“满怀希望” 的心理变化,通过人物反应(如 “people were shocked, survivors felt hopeless” )和环境描写(“the city began to breathe again” )串联,深化灾难对人的影响。
语言特色:
数据运用(“75%, 90%” )强化报告文学 “真实性”;
修辞增色(排比 “For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.” 、比喻 “Bricks...like red autumn leaves” )提升 “文学感染力”;
主题句引领(每段首句 / 尾句概括段落核心,如 “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” ),便于学生抓取关键信息。
学情分析
1.What I know
语言基础:高一学生已积累一定日常英语词汇,但自然灾害主题词汇(如 “aftershock, relief, reconstruction” )、复杂句式(倒装、强调) 掌握不足;具备初步 “略读找主旨、细读抓细节” 阅读策略,但运用不熟练。
背景认知:对 “地震” 等自然灾害有感性认知(如新闻、影视),但唐山大地震的历史细节、“报告文学” 体裁特征 了解较少,对 “灾害应对中的中国制度优势” 缺乏系统思考。
2.What I want to know
语言层面:想掌握灾害主题词汇、理解报告文学的 “事实性 + 文学性” 表达,学会 “按时间顺序梳理事件” 的阅读与写作方法;
内容层面:好奇唐山地震具体救援细节、重建过程,想探究 “灾害预兆如何识别、如何科学防灾” ;
情感层面:渴望理解 “人类团结抗灾的意义”,关联现实(如近年地震灾害),思考 “青少年能为防灾减灾做什么” 。
3.What I learned
语言理解:文本中修辞(如拟人 “the city began to breathe again” )的深层含义,复杂数据、专业表述(如 “75% factories, 90% homes” )的整合分析;
思维突破:从 “震前 - 震中 - 震后” 的线性叙事中,提炼 “灾害应对逻辑”,并迁移到 “其他自然灾害分析” ;
文化认同:理解 “中国特色救灾模式(政府主导、全民参与)” 与西方的差异,内化 “团结协作、自强不息” 的民族精神。
教学目标
1.语言能力
掌握 “natural disaster, warning sign, relief work, reconstruction” 等主题词汇,能运用 “按时间顺序梳理事件” 的阅读策略,准确复述唐山地震过程;
能识别报告文学中的修辞、数据运用技巧,分析其对 “增强文本感染力、真实性” 的作用,尝试仿写灾害场景片段。
2.学习能力
熟练运用 “略读(Skimming)、细读(Scanning)、深读(Critical Reading)” 分层阅读策略,独立解决文本理解问题;
学会 “基于文本信息,关联现实问题(如防灾减灾)” 的探究方法,主动构建知识体系。
3.文化意识
理解中国 “一方有难,八方支援” 的救灾文化,认同 “政府主导、社会协同” 的灾害应对模式,感受 “不屈不挠、团结重建” 的民族精神;
对比中外灾害报道差异,体会 “文学新闻” 传递的人文关怀,增强跨文化语境下的文本解读能力。
4.思维品质
通过 “预测 - 梳理 - 分析 - 评价” 阅读流程,提升逻辑思维(梳理震前 - 震中 - 震后时间线)、批判性思维(评价 “灾害预兆为何未被重视” );
借助 “小组讨论、创意重建” 活动,培养创新思维(设计 “未来防灾社区” )与合作思维(分工完成汇报任务)。
教学重难点
教学重点
1. 精准提取 “震前 - 震中 - 震后” 关键信息,掌握灾害主题词汇与时间线叙事结构;
2. 理解报告文学 “事实与文学融合” 的体裁特征,分析修辞、数据对文本的作用。
教学难点
1. 深度解读 “震后救援重建” 背后的文化内涵(中国制度优势、民族精神);
2. 迁移文本阅读策略,运用 “时间线 + 文学化表达” 创作简易灾害报道.
教学资源
课件PPT,黑板、白板。
教学活动设计
教学过程
活动形式及步骤
活动意图
时间
学习理解
Activity 1 Lead in
Task 1: Look and Discuss
展示一张地球睡觉的图片,提问并引导学生思考:
1.What is the earth doing?
She is sleeping.
2. What will happen if the earth doesn’t sleep at night?
Maybe she is ill or something terrible would happen, such as an earthquake.
●以 “地球睡觉” 的拟人化图片创设情境,呼应文本标题《The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep》,激发学生对 “地球异常与自然灾害” 的联想;
●通过简单问答降低学生紧张感,自然引出 “地震” 主题,为后续文本学习铺垫。
5mins
Activity 2 Pre-reading
Task 1 Warming up
1. Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake?
学生以小组合作的方式,共同探讨一场大的地震可能会对一座城市产生什么样的影响,讨论结束后展示讨论结果。
Possible Answer:
· A city can be damaged in an earthquake.
· The electricity can go down.
· The water can be unsafe to drink.
· Fires can start.
· People can panic or get severely injured.
· ...
2. Do you know some earthquakes that happened in China?
引导学生共同说出自己所知道的发生在中国的地震有哪些。
Jishishan Dec.18th 2023
Yaan April 20th 2013
Yushu April 14th 2010
Wenchuan May 12th 2008
Tangshan July 28th 1976
Task 2 Prediction
1. 引导学生通过一系列的问题分析标题和图片;
Can the earth sleep?
Personification
What happened?
What are the people in the picture doing?
An earthquake occurred.
People are lifting rubble from collapsed buildings.
They re participating in earthquake rescue work.
2. 在分析标题和图片的基础上,预测文章主旨
An earthquake occurred at night somewhere on the earth.
●激活学生对地震的已有知识储备,通过讨论预测地震可能造成的影响,为理解文本中 “城市破坏” 部分做铺垫;
●关联真实历史事件,增强文本的现实意义,引发学生对 “自然灾害” 的重视。
教授阅读策略(通过标题、图片、布局预测文本),培养学生主动获取信息的能力;
●培养学生 “通过标题和图片预测文本内容” 的阅读策略,提升主动探究意识;
●让学生带着预测阅读,增强阅读的针对性和目的性。
10mins
Activity 3 While-reading
Fast reading
Task 1: Skim for the main idea and writing type of the text.
给学生时间快速浏览文章内容,通过填空的形式完成文章主旨,并对前一步骤的预测进行验证。
给学生四个选项,通过快速浏览结合文章主旨及语言特征,把握文章文体类型,并对报告文学这种文体进行简单讲解。
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
The passage mainly talks about a/an earthquake(what) that happened in Tangshan (where) at 3:42 am on July 28th 1976(when).
2. What’s the type of this text?
A. a brochure B. a literary journalism(报告文学)
C. a novel D. a story
Task 2: Skim for the topic sentence of each paragraph.
给学生时间通过快速浏览文章,获取文章每个段落的主题句。
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
But hope was not lost.
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Careful reading
Task 1: Read the text carefully and write down the main idea of each paragraph based on the topic sentences.
Para 1 Warning signs before the earthquake.
Para 2 The happening of the big earthquake.
Para 3 The immediate effects of the earthquake.
Para 4 The rescue work after the earthquake.
Para 5 The revival of the city.
Task 2: Divide the text into several parts based on the main idea of each paragraph.
引导学生通过分析每段的主旨大意划分文章段落结构,并通过关键字把握每个部分的主旨。
Part 1
Para 1
signs
Before the earthquake
During the earthquake
Part 2
Para 2-3
damage
Rescue and revival
After the earthquake
Part 3
Para 4-5
Task 3: Read the text carefully and recognise the writing order of it.
带领学生一起快速找出文中每个段落出现的时间,最终确定文章的写作顺序。
Task 4: Read for detailed information.
展示每个部分的信息框架,给学生时间仔细阅读文本,填充关键信息。
Part1 Para 1:
Warning signs
Under the ground
well water rose and fell, rose and fell
well walls deep cracks
smelly gas
On the ground
chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat
dogs refused to go inside
mice ran out to look for places to hide
fish jumped out of water
Above the ground
bright lights in the sky
loud noises were heard
The author describes this part by _giving examples________________.
Part2 Para2-3
During the earthquake---damage
people
Two thirds_of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
Thousands of children were left without parents.
The number of the people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than_400,000_____.
city
_75%____of the city factories and buildings,
_90%____ of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.
_Most____ bridges had fallen.
animals
Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and_millions of__ chickens were dead .
The author describes the severity of the damage by
_giving numbers__.
Part 3 Para 4-5
After the earthquake---rescue
the army
sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
doctors and nurses
came to provide medical care .
workers
built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed .
After the earthquake---revival
the government
strong support
the city’s people
tireless efforts
the result
A home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment .
what we learned
In times of disasters, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Task 5: Read for people’s reactions or feelings through the text.
occasions
Reactions or feelings
the warning signs appeared
ignored
unaware
everything began to shake
panicked
shocked
saw the city lay in ruins
frightened
hopeless
another big quake occurred
scared
anxious
various rescue came
hopeful
grateful
a new Tangshan was rebuilt
gratitude
happy
●训练 “略读(Skimming)” 技巧,快速把握文本核心要素(事件、地点、时间);
●引导学生认识 “报告文学” 体裁,为后续分析文本语言特色奠定基础。
●培养学生 “通过主题句概括段落大意” 的能力,理解文本结构的逻辑性;
●为后续划分文章层次做铺垫。
●通过分层任务引导学生深入文本,从 “整体结构” 到 “细节信息” 逐步理解内容;
●让学生体会 “时间顺序” 对叙事逻辑的重要性,以及 “数据、例子” 对增强文本真实性的作用。
30mins
应用实践
Activity 4 Post reading
Task 1 : Language features
How do you understand the following sentences? What rhetorical devices does each sentence apply?
引导学生在小组讨论中通过分析语境和图片,分析所给句子中运用的修辞手法,在分析的过程中可以通过提问的方式进行引导:
1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
Was the world really coming to an end?
No.
Why does the author say so?
To show the condition was quite terrible.
Exaggeration
2. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.
Were they bricks or leaves?
They were bricks, because no wind could blow them away.
Why does the author say “Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves”?
To show the bricks were too many, they were everywhere, and at the same time, to stress the damage was too severe.
Simile
3. Slowly,the city began to breathe again.
Can a city breathe?
No.
Why does the author say so?
To express with the rescue and help from every corner, the city began to revive vividly.
Personification
Task 2:Read and Guess
Scan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context. ruin brick trap bury
1. 展示四个核心单词,并讲解在阅读的过程中,遇到生词可利用上下文,即语境推测生词的意义。
2. 给学生时间,快速阅读文本并找出各个生词所在的语境。
3. 学生以小组合作的形式,探讨各生词在其语境中所表达的意义,并阐明理由。
Task 3: Discussion
学生以小组合作的形式在教师的引导下,结合文章内容,讨论所给问题。
1. What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city?
strong support from the government
tireless efforts of the city’s people
various help from the whole nation
Most importantly:
the earthquake resistance spirit
2. What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes? What lessons can we learn from these events?
Lessons we can learn:
in times of disasters we must:
unify
stay positive
have confidence
before disasters we need to have:
scientific preparedness
pre-disaster planning
public education
...
●引导学生理解 “修辞对增强文本感染力” 的作用,体会报告文学 “文学性” 的特点;
●通过问答(如 “Can a city breathe?”)降低分析难度,让学生主动探究修辞含义。
●引导学生从文本延伸到现实,提炼 “抗灾精神” 和 “防灾意识”,实现情感教育;
●锻炼学生用英语表达观点的能力,提升思维品质。
●引导学生从文本延伸到现实,提炼 “抗灾精神” 和 “防灾意识”,实现情感教育;
●锻炼学生用英语表达观点的能力,提升思维品质。
20mins
Activity 5 Summary
师生共同以思维导图的形式梳理本课重点:
文章结构、各部分主旨、文章的时间线索、情感线索等
●帮助学生系统整合本课知识,形成清晰的知识框架;
●查漏补缺,强化重点内容的记忆。
5mins
Activity 6 Assessment
完成评估量表(见课件),自评阅读策略(预测、扫读)和语言运用(词汇、句式)的掌握情况,教师反馈薄弱环节。
●能否浏览课文,了解课文的主要思想和课文类型(文学新闻);
●能否识别每一段的主题句,并总结每一部分(地震前、地震中、地震后)的主要内容;
●能否从文本中提取具体的细节,例如警告标志、伤亡数字和救援措施;
●能否识别并解释文本中的修辞手法(例如,比喻、人格化、夸张);
●能否在小组内积极讨论唐山复兴的原因和自然灾害的教训等。
●让学生自主检测学习效果,明确自身优势与不足;
●为教师调整后续教学提供依据,实现 “教学评一体化”。
5mins
迁移创新
作业内容
作业设计意图
5mins
本节课作业二选一,为分层作业,难度有所区别。基础一般的同学做必做作业,基础较好的同学可以做必做作业和选做作业。
必做作业:
1. 整理完善本节课的思维导图
2. 完成课本51页练习5
选做作业:
如果你有机会成为一名志愿者,帮助地震灾区的幸存者,你会做些什么?请写一段短文,阐述你的想法。
●分层作业满足不同学生需求,基础薄弱学生巩固知识,能力较强学生拓展思维;
●延续课堂主题,将语言学习与现实应用结合。
板书设计
B1 Unit4 Natural Disasters
Reading and Thinking
教学反思
优点:
紧扣 “教 — 学 — 评” 一体化,任务设计分层清晰(读前 - 读中 - 读后),评价贯穿全程,能有效检测目标达成;
文化与语言融合深:借 “唐山复兴” 挖掘中国救灾文化,让语言学习有 “灵魂”,落实立德树人;
学生参与度高:小组讨论、创意写作等活动,激发主动思考,体现 “以学生为中心”。
缺点:
时间把控需优化:“读后创意写作” 环节,部分学生因语言输出慢,分享不充分;
个体差异关注弱:基础薄弱学生在 “复杂句式分析” 中吃力,需更多 scaffolding(支架)。
改进:
调整环节:压缩 “读中细节表格” 时间,给写作留更充足分享、互评时间;
分层支持:为基础弱学生提供 “句式拆解卡”(如拆分强调句、倒装句结构),降低理解难度。
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