Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元测试·提升卷）英语人教版2019必修第一册

听力考试正式开始。Good morning, sir. Is there anything I can do for you? Yes, i'd like to fix my car lights last night. I couldn't see anything and almost hit a traffic island. Listen to the next question. What do you think of today's N, B, A game? I haven't seen a Better one. Kevin. Dan really did a good job. Listen to the next question. You were in a river in this picture where you swimming? No, the river was polluted. So my work mates and I were taking measures of the water's temperature in PH. Was the pollution serious? Is any fish in the river now? Listen to the next question. Raise your head a little bit in, smile a little. Okay, you look great in the camera. Wait a minute. Let me put on my hat. Listen to the next question. I have to attend the parents meeting this evening at my daughter's school. Please help me cancel the meeting at . seven thirty P. M. OK. I can make IT on tomorrow morning. Listen to the next question. Thanks for inviting me to go bird . watching. Greg talk why I . haven't seen any birds yet. They can't be scared by our voice. No, only when IT is quiet can we listen for their songs. Then we can find . them easily. I see. Do you go bird watching every weekend? No, I go about once a month. It's a good way of spending time outdoors. Thanks for inviting me to go bird . watching. Greg talk why I . haven't seen any birds yet. They can't be scared by our voice. No, only when IT is quiet can we listen for their songs, then we can find them easily. I see. Do you go bird watching every weekend? No, I go about once a month . is a good way of spending time outdoors. Listen to the next question. Tony, what have you got in your . hand a reading list? As the holiday is coming, we are asked to do some reading and write a book review. Don't you have this assignment? no. What books are on your list? A song of ice and fire, thirteen reasons why. And first test. do you have to read them on? No, just one of them. Would you please give me some advice? I've never read any of them, but I hear that thirteen reasons why a song of ice, ice and fire have been adapted for T, V plays. I've watched the T, V series game of throne, which was adapted from the latter. great. This is the book I will read. Tony, what have you got in your . hand a reading list? As the holiday is coming, we are asked to do some reading and write a book review. Don't you have this assignment? no. What books are on your list? A song of ice and fire? Thirteen reasons why. And first test. do you have to read them on? No, just one of them. Would you please give me some advice? I ve never read any of them, but I hear that thirteen reasons why a song of vice fire have been adapted for T, V plays. I've watched the T, V series game of thrones, which was adapted from the latter. great. This is the book I will read. Listen to the next question. Leo, I saw a photo of you playing the piano on the displayed board in the classroom. Yeah, that was a year ago. I took part in a piano competition. We are trying to organize a music group to celebrate national day. We have enough guitar players, violin players, but we still need some piano players. Oh, really sounds good to me. But are you too busy with your study? No, actually, I haven't played the piano for a long time. I'm afraid I can play as well as I used to. Don't worry about IT. We'll be practicing for a few months before we have to perform. Okay, then i'd be glad to he can help me relax, and it's a good chance to meet new people. That's true. And i'm sure your piano will be a great addition to our group. I do hope so. Leo, I saw a photo of you playing the piano on the displayed board in the classroom. Yeah, that was a year ago. I took part in a piano competition. We are trying to organize a music group to celebrate national day. We have enough guitar players, violin players, but we still need some piano players. Oh, really sounds good to me. But are you . too busy with your study? No, actually, I haven't played the piano for a long time. I'm afraid I can play as well as I used to. Don't worry about IT. We'll be practicing for a few months before we have to perform. Okay, then i'd be glad to he can help me relax, and it's a good chance to meet new people. That's true. And i'm sure your piano will be a great addition to our group. I do hope so. Listen to the next question. Hello, I am William. Hello, you are the new designer for our department, right? Yes, welcome. I heard we would have a talented Young man working with us. Thank you. Are you british? Well, actually I am french, but I have been in england for fifteen years. such a long time. And my husband, bob, was born in england. He teaches spoken english in a university, so I always learn english from him. No wonder you speak english so fluently. Thank you. How about you? Where are you from? Ita, oh, really. I once went there during the Christmas holiday with my son. How do you like . IT very much? Is the most beautiful city I have ever been to. And the guide there was very nice. Thank you. I am very glad to hear that. Can you teach me italian? I will. If I am free, can you show the department to me now? Okay, let's go. Hello, I am William. Hello, you are the new designer for our department, right? Yes. welcome. I heard we would have a talented Young man working with us. Thank you. Are you british? Well, actually I am french, but I have been in england for fifteen years. such a long time. And my husband, bob, was born in england. He teaches spoken english in a university, so I always learn english from him. No wonder you speak english so fluently. Thank you. How about you? Where are you from? I'm from royal. Oh, really, I once went there during the Christmas holiday with my son. How do you like . IT very much? Is the most beautiful city I have ever been to. And the guide there was very nice. Thank you. I am very glad to hear that. Can you teach me italian? I will. If I am free, can you show the department to me now? OK, let's go. Listen to the next question. Hello, everyone, do you know ben nevis is the highest mountain in britain today? I'll tell you my experience of climbing IT IT was in february. We camped at the bottom of the mountain. Although the weather forecast was perfect with no winds or snow, there was still a general feeling of nervousness. When we SAT out, the group soon climbed and my legs felt heavy. Being the weakest member of the group, I had to rest more frequently. The other is sometimes stopped for a break to let me catch up. After seven hours of climbing, we reached the top on a clear day. We saw the sea and the isle of sky right across IT on the navis. Getting back to camp can be as much of a chAllenges going up. When I finally came back to the tent, I couldn't say I really enjoyed the experience, but at least I made IT to the top. Hello, everyone, do you know ben nevis is the highest mountain in britain today? I'll tell you my experience of climbing IT IT was in february. We camped at the bottom of a mountain. Although the weather forecast was perfect with no winds or snow, there was still a general feeling of nervousness. When we SAT out, the group soon climbed and my legs felt heavy. Being the weakest member of the group, I had to rest more frequently. The other is sometimes stopped for a break to let me catch up. After seven hours of climbing, we reached the top on a clear day. We saw the see and the isle of sky right across IT on ben nevis. Getting back to camp can be as much of the chAllenges going up. When I finally came back to the tent, I couldn't say I really enjoyed the experience, but at least I made IT to the top. 听力部分到此结束。 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元测试·提升卷） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a car. B．In a repair shop. C．On an island. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Good morning, sir, is there anything I can do for you? M: Yes, I’d like to fix my car lights. Last night I couldn’t see anything and almost hit a traffic island. 2．What does the man think of the game? A．Wonderful. B．Boring. C．Just so-so. 【答案】A 【原文】W: What do you think of today’s NBA game? M: I haven’t seen a better one. Kevin Durant really did a good job. 3．What was the man doing in the river? A．Swimming. B．Doing the research. C．Catching fish. 【答案】B 【原文】W: You were in a river in this picture. Were you swimming? M: No, the river was polluted, so my workmates and I were taking measurement of the water’s temperature and PH. W: Was the pollution serious? Is any fish in the river now? 4．What is the man doing? A．Buying a camera. B．Taking a picture. C．Trying on a hat. 【答案】B 【原文】M: Raise your head a little bit and smile a little. Okay? You look great in the camera. W: Wait a minute, let me put on my hat. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Their parents. B．Children’s education. C．Work arrangements. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I have to attend a parents meeting this evening at my daughter’s school. Please help me cancel the meeting at 7:30 p.m. M: OK. I can make it on tomorrow morning. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．Why does Greg ask the woman to keep quiet? A．To find birds. B．To listen to his words. C．To avoid frightening birds. 7．How often does Greg go birdwatching? A．Once a week. B．Once a month. C．Twice a month. 【答案】6．A 7．B 【原文】W: Thanks for inviting me to go bird watching Greg. M: Shh, don’t talk so loud. W: Why? I haven’t seen any birds yet. They can’t be scared by our voice. M: No, only when it is quiet can we listen for their songs then we can find them easily. W: I see. Do you go bird watching every weekend? M: No, I go about once a month. W: It’s a good way of spending time outdoors. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What does Tony have in his hand? A．Lots of books. B．A book review. C．A reading list. 9．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Reader and librarian. C．Friends. 10．Which book will Tony read? A．A Song of Ice and Fire. B．Thirteen Reasons Why. C．First Test. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．A 【原文】W: Tony, what have you got in your hand? M: A reading list. As the holiday is coming, we are asked to do some reading and write a book review. Don’t you have this assignment? W: No, what books are on your list? M: A song of Ice and Fire, Thirteen Reasons Why and First Test. W: Do you have to read them all? M: No, just one of them. Would you please give me some advice? W: I’ve never read any of them, but I hear that Thirteen Reasons Why, A Song of Ice and Fire have been adapted for TV plays. I’ve watched the TV series Game of Thrones, which was adapted from the latter. M: Great. This is the book I will read. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．What can Leo play? A．The piano. B．The guitar. C．The violin. 12．What is the purpose of the music group? A．To help students relax. B．To celebrate National Day. C．To prepare for a competition. 13．Why does Leo hesitate to join the music group at first? A．He is too busy with his study. B．He is afraid of meeting new people. C．He doesn’t think he is good enough. 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．C 【原文】W: Leo, I saw a photo of you playing the piano on the display board in the classroom. M: Yeah, that was a year ago. I took part in a piano competition. W: We are trying to organize a music group to celebrate National Day. We have enough guitar players, violin players, but we still need some piano players. M: Oh, really? Sounds good to me, but… W: Are you too busy with your study? M: No, actually I haven’t played the piano for a long time. I’m afraid I can’t play as well as I used to. W: Don’t worry about it. We’ll be practising for a few months before we have to perform. M: OK, then. I’d be glad to. He can help me relax and it’s a good chance to meet new people. W: That’s true, and I’m sure your piano will be a great addition to our group. M: I do hope so. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．What is William? A．A teacher. B．A guide. C．A designer. 15．Where is Bob from? A．Italy. B．England. C．France. 16．Whom did the woman go to Italy with? A．Her friend. B．Her son. C．Her husband. 17．What does William ask the woman to do at last? A．Show him around the department. B．Attend a Christmas party. C．Teach him Italian. 【答案】14．C 15．B 16．B 17．A 【原文】M: Hello, I’m William. W: Hello, you are the new designer for our department, right? M: Yes. W: Welcome. I heard we would have a talented young man working with us. M: Thank you. Are you British? M: Well actually I am French, but I have been in England for fifteen years. M: Such a long time. W: And my husband Bob was born in England. He teaches spoken English in a university so I always learn English from him. M: No wonder you speak English so fluently. W: Thank you. How about you? Where are you from? M: I am from Rome, Italy. W: Oh really? I once went there during the Christmas holiday with my son. M: How do you like it? W: Very much. It’s the most beautiful city I have ever been to and the guide there was very nice. M: Thank you. I’m very glad to hear that. W: Can you teach me Italian? M: I will if I am free. Can you show the department to me now? W: Okay, let’s go. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．What was the weather like when the group set out? A．Windy. B．Snowy. C．Sunny. 19．How long did it take the speaker to reach the top? A．5 hours. B．6 hours. C．7 hours. 20．How did the speaker describe the experience? A．It was challenging. B．It was enjoyable. C．It was disappointing. 【答案】18．C 19．C 20．A 【原文】    W: Hello everyone, do you know Ben Nevis? It’s the highest mountain in Britain to day. I’ll tell you my experience of climbing it. It was in February. We camped at the bottom of the mountain. Although the weather forecast was perfect with no winds or snow, there was still a general feeling of nervousness when we set out. The group soon climbed and my legs felt heavy. Being the weakest member of the group I had to rest more frequently. The others sometimes stopped for a break to let me catch up. After seven hours of climbing we reached the top. On a clear day we saw the sea and the isle of sky right across it on Ben Nevis. Getting back to camp can be as much of a challenge as going up. When I finally came back to the tent, I couldn’t say I really enjoyed the experience, but at least I made it to the top. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Natural Disasters in 2024: A Global Challenge Last year, our planet saw many natural disasters seriously affecting different parts of the world. Here are four major ones that occurred in 2024. The Noto Earthquake in Japan On New Year’s Day, a powerful earthquake happened in the Noto Peninsula in western Japan. Some areas of the Noto Peninsula were lifted as much as 13 feet, around 84,000 homes damaged and a total of 14,000 people directly affected. Sadly, 281 people were killed with more seriously injured. Floods in Spain On October 29, a large amount of rainfall hit Valencia of Spain and the surrounding towns were flooded. A total of 216 people died, half of whom were over the age of 70. The heavy rain turned streets into rivers, and cars were tossed around as if they were toys. To make it worse, after the flood, public anger over the lack of warning and the poor response from rescue services erupted into strikes (罢工). Hurricane Helene in the United States Hurricane Helene formed on September 24 and quickly strengthened, becoming the strongest to affect the area. As it moved across the southeastern states of the United States, including Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee and Alabama, it left behind a trail of destruction and caused severe flooding, taking away more than 230 people’s lives. The Wayanad Landslide (山体滑坡) in India In July, rainstorm in the Wayanad district in India, increasing to 22 inches in just two days, brought about landslides. The landslide nearly destroyed two villages which were previously known for their breathtaking scenery. By early August, the death toll had sadly risen to 392 with 150 people reported missing. 21．Which natural disaster in 2024 caused the most deaths? A．Floods in Spain. B．The Noto Earthquake in Japan. C．The Wayanad Landslide in India. D．Hurricane Helene in the United States. 22．What can we infer about the floods in Spain? A．The floods caused social disorder. B．The young people were affected more. C．The rescue services were well-prepared. D．The heavy rain was predicted in advance. 23．Which part of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Society & Politics. B．Travel & Tourism. C．Technology & Innovation. D．Environment & Geography. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2024年发生的四起重大自然灾害的情况。 21．细节理解题。根据The Noto Earthquake in Japan部分中“Sadly, 281 people were killed with more seriously injured.(不幸的是，有281人死亡，更多人受重伤)”；Floods in Spain部分中“A total of 216 people died, half of whom were over the age of 70.(共有216人死亡，其中一半年龄在70岁以上)”；Hurricane Helene in the United States部分中“taking away more than 230 people’s lives (夺走了230多人的生命)”以及The Wayanad Landslide (山体滑坡) in India部分中“By early August, the death toll had sadly risen to 392 with 150 people reported missing.(到8月初，死亡人数已升至392人，150人失踪)”可知，2024年发生的自然灾害中，印度瓦亚纳德山体滑坡造成的死亡人数最多。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据Floods in Spain部分中“To make it worse, after the flood, public anger over the lack of warning and the poor response from rescue services erupted into strikes (罢工).(更糟糕的是，洪水过后，公众对缺乏预警和救援服务反应不佳的愤怒爆发为罢工)”可推知，西班牙的洪水造成了社会混乱。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Last year, our planet saw many natural disasters seriously affecting different parts of the world. Here are four major ones that occurred in 2024.(去年，我们的星球发生了许多自然灾害，严重影响了世界各地。以下是2024年发生的四大自然灾害)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了2024年发生的四起重大自然灾害的情况。由此可推知，文章可能选自杂志的“环境与地理”部分。故选D。 B The world is lucky when our most brilliant minds choose to work for the common good. Young Ryan Honary is among one of the brilliant minds. Shocked by the deaths in the 2018 Camp Fire, California’s frightening wildfire, Honary turned his attention to how to decrease future disasters. In 2019, Honary won a $10,000 prize in the Ignite Innovation Student Challenge for his early wildfire detection (检测) network, which provides app technology for firefighters. He was only in fifth grade at the time. Turning 14 years old and going into the eighth grade this year, Honary is busy working in SensoRy AI, the company he set up. With the help of his father and a team of experts, the company has received a lot of attention. Honary started creating websites when he was in third grade. He learned Python and JavaScript in a local after-school program. At the same time, he was interested in animals and the environment. He became worried as he saw how much the environment was under pressure. When wildfires started ruining the air quality, destroying homes and killing some people, Honary thought about how AI can be used to solve environmental problems such as wildfires. In order to get data to train the machine learning models on his fire detectors, he collected real-world data from Google Earth about the Camp Fire of 2018 in California. Once a fire is detected by a fire detector, the information can be sent to the app he created. Also, machine learning can be used to predict where the fires are going. Honary is hoping to attract more people from his generation to his company. He believes the environment is going to be a big responsibility for all of us. 24．What can be inferred from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3? A．Honary’s detecting network was free. B．Honary gained many awards in 2019. C．Honary’s company is facing serious challenges. D．Honary is young but makes amazing achievements. 25．Why did Honary invent the detector? A．To make a fortune. B．To enlarge his company. C．To save firefighters! D．To reduce wildfire disasters. 26．How did Honary train the machine learning models on detectors? A．By creating websites. B．By collecting data. C．By taking an after-school program. D．By sending information to the app. 27．Which of the following can best describe Honary? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Curious and confident. C．Creative and responsible. D．Friendly and intelligent. 【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了年轻的Ryan Honary发明了A I火灾探测器，降低了伤亡率。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“He was only in fifth grade at the time.(当时他只有五年级)”及第三段“Turning 14 years old and going into the eighth grade this year, Honary is busy working in SensoRy AI, the company he set up.(Honary今年14岁，即将上八年级，他正忙着在自己创办的SensoRy AI公司工作)”可推知，Honary很年轻，但却取得了惊人的成就。故选D。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Shocked by the deaths in the 2018 Camp Fire, California’s frightening wildfire, Honary turned his attention to how to decrease future disasters.( Honary对2018年可怕加州山火中的死亡感到震惊，他把注意力转向了如何减少未来的灾难)”可知，Honary发明了探测器是为了减少野火灾害。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第五段“In order to get data to train the machine learning models on his fire detectors, he collected real-world data from Google Earth about the Camp Fire of 2018 in California.(为了获得数据来训练火灾探测器上的机器学习模型，他从谷歌地球上收集了关于2018年加州山火的真实数据)”可知，Honary通过收集数据在检测器上训练机器学习模型。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2019, Honary won a $10,000 prize in the Ignite Innovation Student Challenge for his early wildfire detection (检测) network, which provides app technology for firefighters.( 2019年，霍纳里在Ignite创新学生挑战赛中获得了1万美元的奖金，因为他的早期野火探测网络为消防员提供了应用技术)”以及最后一段“Honary is hoping to attract more people from his generation to his company. He believes the environment is going to be a big responsibility for all of us.(Honary希望能吸引更多的同辈人加入他的公司。他认为环境将成为我们所有人的重大责任)”可推知，Honary有创造力和责任心。故选C。 C An earthquake hit Turkey and Syria last month. Over 40,000 people lost their lives in the natural disaster, and that number is expected to climb. But people are staying strong and holding out hope as rescuers continue to search for and rescue survivors. 33-year-old Necla Camuz was trapped inside her home with her 10-day-old son, Yagiz, in her arms. She waited for 90 hours before being rescued. While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. “I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,” she shared. This story had an even happier ending. Camuz was told that her husband and 3-year-old son had also survived. They would get together after this terrible experience. But babies and young people aren’t the only survivors. 77-year-old Fatma Gungor was trapped for 212 hours before being freed. “I am so excited. I don’t know what to say. We almost got to the point of giving up, but our struggle has ended well,” one rescuer said. Finding Gungor provides new motivation (动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search. According to Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, it’s uncommon to find survivors after they have been trapped for more than 100 hours, but low temperatures might be the factor. “On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,” he said. As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund. 28．How did Camuz live through the earthquake in her opinion? A．By using professional skills. B．By seeing her newborn baby’s survival. C．By having trust in her family. D．By finding some water and food. 29．What do the rescuers realize after saving Gungor? A．More people can be rescued. B．Old people have a stronger will. C．Rescuers have to be calm enough. D．Rescue work will become more difficult. 30．What do Dr. Sanjay Gupia’s words suggest about the cold weather? A．It is unusual for local people. B．It can be both harmful and favorable. C．It makes rescuers easier to save trapped people. D．It causes trapped people to reduce demand for food. 31．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to offer support to those suffering. B．To give some tips on surviving an earthquake. C．To point out the problems facing rescuers. D．To stress the importance of timely rescue. 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．B 31．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲述上个月土耳其和叙利亚发生地震以及现在搜救情况。 28．细节理解题。由文章第二段“While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. ‘I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,’ she shared.(虽然Camuz担心他们永远找不到，但她把孩子视为力量的源泉。她分享道：‘我想，如果我的儿子没有足够的力量来应对这件事，我也不会。’)”可知，看着刚出生的婴儿的幸存给了Camuz度过地震的动力。故选B项。 29．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Finding Gungor provides new motivation (动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search.(找到Gungor为救援人员提供了新的动力，他们一直在夜以继日地工作。鼓励他们继续搜寻。)”可知，找到Gungor为救援人员提供了新的动力，让他们坚信搜救工作还能就更多人。故选A项。 30．推理判断题。由文章第四段“On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,(一方面，寒冷的天气使救援变得非常困难，因为现在气温低于零度。另一方面，它可能会减少对水的需求。也许这次就是这样，)”可知，寒冷的天气既有害又有利。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund.(和往常一样，这些故事给人们带来了希望，许多人仍在等待救援。但是，一旦人们被从石头下拉出来，前方的道路就很艰难，因为人们失去了家园，许多人也失去了家人。如果你正在寻找帮助的方式，可以考虑向Global Giving的地震基金捐款。)”可知，最后一段呼吁人们向那些受苦受难的人提供支持。故选A项。 D The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪), ”said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 32．What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A．To conduct historical research. B．To create a virtual tourist attraction. C．To raise public awareness of river protection. D．To improve flood control and prevention efforts. 33．How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance? A．They record water quality. B．They improve the river’s beauty. C．They monitor and report dike movements. D．They serve as markers for important locations. 34．What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A．Entertaining tourists. B．Collecting information on dike conditions. C．Patrolling and take wildlife photos. D．Testing water quality. 35．What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Complete. B．Basic. C．Beautiful. D．Natural. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。 32．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. (洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字孪生体来更好地解决这些问题。)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。故选D。 33．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. (它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动。)”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤防的运动。故选C。 34．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. (在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程。)”可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选B。 35．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段中“Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction (水下和空中，情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面。根据水利部的说法，在未来，我们可以期待看到这条重要河流的建设)”可知，水下和空中，情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面，希望在未来，可以看到这条重要河流的更全面的数字系统的建设。由此猜测，划线词意为“全面的”。A. Complete完整的，全面的；B. Basic基础的；C. Beautiful美丽的；D. Natura自然的。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you lived in Antarctica, the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth, you’d get to experience icequakes nearly every day. What is an icequake? The name might make you think of earthquakes. 36 Both icequakes and earthquakes cause the ground to shake. They can both be measured by instruments called seismographs. The biggest difference between the two is how they’re caused. Many people already know what causes earthquakes. Icequakes, on the other hand, happen when water in the ground freezes (结冰) very quickly. When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). 37 In some cases, it can even cause cracks (裂缝) in the ground above. 38 Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in recent years. They’ve also shared that most icequakes happen at night when temperatures drop. Why is Antarctica experiencing so many icequakes? You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. 39 Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake. What does an icequake feel like? 40 Often, people don’t feel them at all. But they can usually hear an icequake. It makes a loud pop. Do icequakes only happen in Antarctica? No! They also take place in Greenland, most often near glaciers (冰川). You might also hear an icequake in Canada, as well as in the midwestern and northeastern United States. A．But earthquakes can often cause fires. B．In some ways, the two are very similar. C．Icequakes are common across Antarctica. D．Icequakes make a loud noise that’s hard to miss. E．Most of them are much weaker than earthquakes. F．But they are actually on the rise because of warmer weather. G．As groundwater becomes ice, it breaks up the soil and rocks around it. 【答案】36．B 37．G 38．C 39．F 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰震的相关信息，包括其定义、与地震的异同、发生地点、原因、感受以及是否只发生在南极洲等内容。 36．上文“The name might make you think of earthquakes. (这个名字可能会让你想到地震)”说明冰震的名字会让人联想到地震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震和地震在某些方面相似。B选项“在某些方面，这两者非常相似”符合语境。故选B。 37．上文“When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). (当水结冰时，它会膨胀)”说明水结冰时会膨胀，空处承接上文，说明水结冰膨胀后会产生什么结果。G选项“当地下水变成冰时，它会破坏周围的土壤和岩石”符合语境。故选G。 38．下文“Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in recent years. (那里的专家说，地球上最冷的大陆近年来已经发生了数十万次冰震)”说明南极洲冰震发生频繁，空处位于段首，应是本段的主旨句，说明冰震在南极洲很常见。C选项“冰震在南极洲很常见”符合语境。故选C。 39．上文“You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. (你可能会认为极低的温度是原因）”说明人们可能会认为冰震是由于极低的温度引起的，下文“Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake. (气温上升导致南极冰融化。这会产生水，水可以再次冻结，从而引发冰震)”说明气温上升也会引发冰震，空处承接上文，说明实际上冰震是由于天气变暖导致的。F选项“但实际上，由于天气变暖，它们正在增加”符合语境。故选F。 40．上文“What does an icequake feel like? (冰震是什么感觉)”说明本段主要介绍冰震的感受，下文“Often, people don’t feel them at all. (通常，人们根本感觉不到它们)”说明人们通常感觉不到冰震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震与地震相比，强度较弱。E选项“它们中的大多数都比地震弱得多”符合语境。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 1970, a cyclone hit the southern coast of Bangladesh. So severe and deadly were its effects that it’s 41 listed as the world’s worst-ever reported natural disaster. The event had a big impact on two Swedish men from Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF). They traveled 42 to Bangladesh for the purpose of seeing what they could do to help. They journeyed south by boat for several days, throughout the country’s vast river network to reach the worst-affected area and began to envision (预想) MAF using an aircraft that would 43 direct access to large areas of the country that were almost out of 44 . Throughout the 1980s, MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to 45 assistance and their patience and dedication 46 since they built trust in the countries that had been 47 . In 1997, MAF could 48 start a flight program within Bangladesh. At that time, besides transporting doctors to hospitals located in 49 parts of the country, MAF also began an on-call emergency medevac (前线急救直升机) service in Bangladesh. On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh. MAF’s rapid 50 and emergency procedures were seriously 51 as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel in urgent need of 52 to and from the disaster zone. For the next two months, MAF 53 solidly, seven days a week. The float plane became known by 54 locals as “The Sea Angel” — the only aircraft in the country of its type having such a(n) 55 . In 2009, “The Sea Angel” was sent again for rapid assistance when Cyclone Alla struck. Today, in Bangladesh, MAF makes over 750 flights and transports around 2,500 passengers annually. 41．A．just B．still C．soon D．often 42．A．separately B．occasionally C．immediately D．fortunately 43．A．reduce B．prevent C．change D．enable 44．A．focus B．danger C．order D．reach 45．A．seek B．provide C．promise D．receive 46．A．ran out B．came back C．paid off D．kept on 47．A．noticed B．untied C．assisted D．traveled 48．A．finally B．currently C．suddenly D．properly 49．A．remote B．crowded C．secure D．coastal 50．A．response B．reply C．reception D．relief 51．A．followed B．tested C．forecasted D．established 52．A．transport B．message C．funding D．encouragement 53．A．accelerated B．flew C．appealed D．searched 54．A．reasonable B．respectable C．outgoing D．grateful 55．A．destination B．application C．decoration D．reputation 【答案】 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．C 48．A 49．A 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是自1970年一场严重的龙卷风后，Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) 如何通过航空服务在孟加拉国提供灾难救援和医疗运输，成为当地生命线的历史与发展。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其影响是如此严重和致命以至于它至今仍被列为世界上有史以来最严重的自然灾害。A. just只是；B. still仍然；C. soon很快；D. often经常。由上文“So severe and deadly were its effects”可知，该旋风的影响太严重和致命，所以仍然被列为有史以来最严重的自然灾害。故选B项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们立即前往孟加拉国，目的是看看他们能做些什么来提供帮助。A. separately分别地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. immediately立即；D. fortunately幸运地。由本处语境可知，灾害发生后，行动应立即迅速，immediately体现紧迫性。故选C项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们乘船向南航行了几天，穿越该国广阔的河网到达受灾最严重的地区，并开始设想MAF使用一架飞机，可以直接进入该国几乎无法到达的大片地区。A. reduce减少；B. prevent防止；C. change改变；D. enable使能够。由上文“an aircraft”和下文“direct access to large areas of the country”可知，飞机的作用是提供访问途径。故选D项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们乘船向南航行了几天，穿越该国广阔的河网到达受灾最严重的地区，并开始设想MAF使用一架飞机，可以直接进入该国几乎无法到达的大片地区。A. focus焦点；B. danger危险；C. order命令；D. reach领域、波及范围。由上文“using an aircraft that would ___3___ direct access to large areas of the country”可知，此处表示几乎不能到达的地区，out of reach表示“达不到，超出范围”，描述偏远地区。故选D项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个20世纪80年代，澳大利亚MAF与其他MAF团体一起派遣工作人员提供援助，因为他们在被援助的国家建立了信任，他们的耐心和奉献精神得到了回报。A. seek寻求；B. provide提供；C. promise承诺；D. receive接受。由上文“MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to”可知，MAF是救援组织，主动提供帮助。故选B项。 46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在整个20世纪80年代，澳大利亚MAF与其他MAF团体一起派遣工作人员提供援助，因为他们在被援助的国家建立了信任，他们的耐心和奉献精神得到了回报。A. ran out用完；B. came back回来；C. paid off得到回报；D. kept on继续。由下文“they built trust in the countries”和“In 1997, MAF could ___8___ start a flight program within Bangladesh.”可知，因为建立了信任，1997年MAF可以在孟加拉国境内启动飞行计划，他们的耐心和奉献精神得到了回报。故选C项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个20世纪80年代，澳大利亚MAF与其他MAF团体一起派遣工作人员提供援助，因为他们在被援助的国家建立了信任，他们的耐心和奉献精神得到了回报。A. noticed注意；B. untied解开；C. assisted援助；D. traveled旅行。由上文“MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to ___5___ assistance”可知，这些国家曾被MAF援助。故选C项。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1997年，MAF终于可以在孟加拉国境内启动飞行计划。A. finally终于；B. currently当前；C. suddenly突然；D. properly适当地。由上文1970年MAF帮助受灾的孟加拉国和本句的内容可知，1997年MAF“终于”在孟加拉国启动飞行项目，其时间跨度大，finally体现过程漫长。故选A项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那时，除了将医生送往位于该国偏远地区的医院外，MAF还在孟加拉国开始了一项随时待命的前线急救直升机服务。A. remote偏远的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. secure安全的；D. coastal沿海的。由上文“using an aircraft that would ___3___ direct access to large areas of the country that were almost out of ___4___”可知，该国的偏远地区不容易到达，飞机用于覆盖交通不便区域，所以MAF将医生送往偏远地区的医院。故选A项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：MAF的快速反应和应急程序受到了严格的考验，因为该办公室在一天内接到了200多个紧急救援机构人员打来的电话，他们急需交通工具往返灾区。A. response反应；B. reply回答；C. reception接待；D. relief救济。由本处语境可知，应对灾害，MAF快速反应。故选A项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：MAF的快速反应和应急程序受到了严格的考验，因为该办公室在一天内接到了200多个紧急救援机构人员打来的电话，他们急需交通工具往返灾区。A. followed跟随；B. tested考验；C. forecasted预测；D. established建立。由上文“On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh.”和下文“as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel”可知，面对旋风锡德袭击了孟加拉国南部一事，MAF办公室在一天内接到了援助机构人员的200多个电话，程序被严重“考验”。故选B项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：MAF的快速反应和应急程序受到了严格的考验，因为该办公室在一天内接到了200多个紧急救援机构人员打来的电话，他们急需交通工具往返灾区。A. transport运输工具；B. message信息；C. funding资金；D. encouragement鼓励。由下文“to and from the disaster zone”和“The float plane”提到飞机运输服务可知，援助人员急需“运输”进出灾区，此处表示急需交通工具。故选A项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两个月里，MAF每周七天稳定飞行。A. accelerated加速；B. flew飞；C. appealed呼吁；D. searched搜寻。由上文“seven days a week”可知，此处指MAF公司全天飞行服务，救援灾区。故选B项。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这架浮式飞机被感激的当地人称为“海上天使”，这是该国唯一一架享有这种声誉的同类型飞机。A. reasonable合理的；B. respectable可敬的；C. outgoing外向的；D. grateful感激的。由上文“For the next two months, MAF ___13___ solidly, seven days a week.”可知，飞机全天进行飞行服务，为当地人带去了援助，所以当地人会非常感激，称之为“海上天使”。故选D项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这架浮式飞机被感激的当地人称为“海上天使”，这是该国唯一一架享有这种声誉的同类型飞机。A. destination目的地；B. application申请；C. decoration装修；D. reputation声誉。由上文“known by ____14____ locals as “The Sea Angel””可知，当地人称飞机为“海上天使”，这是它享有的声誉。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 2024 may go down not only as the hottest ever recorded but also as a year that has, with an alarming increase in the 56 (frequent) and severity of a wide range of climate change-caused extreme weather events, given us a clear forecast of the climate change impacts 57 we can anticipate over the coming decades and centuries. These impacts are far-reaching, 58 (extend) to human health, politics, food supplies, infrastructure, financial markets, and society at large, and exceeding national boundaries. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), our atmosphere now holds more carbon dioxide than 59 any time in human history. It is increasingly likely 60 global surface temperatures will surpass the critical 1. 5 degrees Celsius threshold (临界值) set during the COP21 summit, known as the Paris climate agreement. As 61 (indicate) by the Global Hunger Index, the consequence of anthropogenic (人为的) climate change has worsened food insecurity, resulting in 62 increase in global hunger for the first time in 63 (decade). While the current sign might suggest an upcoming climate catastrophe, it is crucial 64 (acknowledge) the progress. For instance, the cost of 65 (renew) energy has fallen faster than expectations, paving the way for clean energy transition. Moreover, over half of the world’s economies have already moved beyond a peak in power generation from fossil fuels. 【答案】 56．frequency 57．that/which 58．extending 59．at 60．that 61．indicated 62．an 63．decades 64．to acknowledge 65．renewable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了2024年可能成为有记录以来最热的一年，同时气候变化导致的极端天气事件频率和严重程度惊人增加，预示着未来几十年和几个世纪我们将面临的气候变化影响。这些影响深远，涉及人类健康、政治、粮食供应等多个方面。 56．考查名词。句意：2024年不仅可能成为有记录以来最热的一年，而且可能成为气候变化导致的极端天气事件频率和严重程度惊人增加的一年，这为我们提供了未来几十年和几个世纪可以预见的气候变化影响的明确预测。根据空前定冠词the以及空后连词and可知，此处应用形容词frequent的名词形式frequency，与severity并列作介词in的宾语。故填frequency。 57．考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词impacts，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，此处应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些影响是深远的，涉及人类健康、政治、粮食供应、基础设施、金融市场和整个社会，超出国家边界。句中已有谓语动词are，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语impacts与extend构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填extending。 59．考查介词。句意：据政府间气候变化专门委员会称，我们的大气层中的二氧化碳含量比人类历史上的任何时候都多。结合句意表示“在任何时候”可知，短语为at any time。故填at。 60．考查主语从句。句意：全球地表温度很可能将超过在COP21峰会上设定的《巴黎气候协定》规定的1.5摄氏度的临界值。句中it is likely that为固定句型，此处it为形式主语，that引导主语从句为句子真正的主语，that在从句中不做任何成分，没有任何意义。故填that。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据全球饥饿指数显示，人为气候变化导致的后果加剧了粮食不安全，导致几十年来全球饥饿人数首次增加。句中已有谓语动词has worsened，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the consequence与indicate构成被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填indicated。 62．考查冠词。句意：同上。句中increase此处意为“增长（量）”，为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且increase为元音音素开头的单词，应用an修饰。故填an。 63．考查名词复数。句意：同上。结合句意“几十年来”可知，此处应用名词decade的复数形式，作宾语。故填decades。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前的迹象可能预示着即将发生气候灾难，但承认进步至关重要。句中构成it is+形容词+to do sth，此处it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填to acknowledge。 65．考查形容词。句意：例如，可再生能源的成本下降速度比预期快，为清洁能源转型铺平了道路。此处应用renew的形容词renewable作定语，修饰名词energy。故填renewable。 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66．假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： 1) 地震的日常防护； 2)震中的自救及注意事项。 注意：1）词数80左右； 2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                                                               How to react in an earthquake How to react in a disaster like an earthquake really matters. Proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. If an earthquake occurs, be aware where and how to stay safe. Do prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. Once encountering an earthquake, don’t panic. If inside a room, stay under strong desks or beds. When escaping from the scene, never take the lift; otherwise we may get trapped. If outside, try to stay off buildings and electricity supplies and move to a safer place as soon as possible. Follow what are mentioned above, you can make yourself safe and sound. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文。其内容包括： 地震的日常防护、震中的自救和注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助：help→assist 拯救：save→rescue 发生：occur→take place 能够：can→be able to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： Proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. 拓展句：There is no doubt that proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Do prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Follow what are mentioned above, you can make yourself safe and sound.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 67．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Another wildly bright lightning along with a thunder cracked in the sky! Mary swiftly threw herself into her Mum’s arms, burying her face into her chest and trembling with fright. “I think we should leave here right away!” She murmured in a crying tone. Instantly, Dad refused her request again for the fact that the city had already been flooded severely. As he saw through their window, the almost three-meter-high floodwater had already surrounded the apartment building like a wide river, several cars floating on it just like boats. “Black out!” Mary gasped fearfully, the wind roaring and the rain beating on the roof and windows, which made her even more nervous in the whole darkness. Mum took Mary’s hand and carefully led her to sit on the sofa, trying her best to comfort her. While she performed calmly, Mary could tell she was nervous too. “Let’s try to find a light source first and then see what other supplies we have.” Dad made an arrangement. Luckily, there was a flashlight, some packages of instant noodles, bread and some drinking water, which may help them get through the toughness for the half of the night. Without saying a single word, Dad turned on the flashlight, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. Only the light of the flashlight could now give them some warmth and a sense of little hope. “What about Mrs. Thomson? Old and weak, she must be extremely helpless.” Mum said with great concern when she thought about their nice neighbor who lived alone upstairs of the same building. After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should go and check whether Mrs. Thomson was fire. Mary, with heavy breath and pounding heart, stood up immediately, ready to bring all their supplies to Mrs. Thomson’s house.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. The water had already seeped into the stairwell, making each step slippery and dangerous. Mary clung tightly to her parents’hands, her heart pounding with a mix of fear and determination. When they finally reached Mrs. Thomson’s door, Dad knocked gently but firmly. After what felt like an eternity, the door creaked open, revealing Mrs. Thomson’s frightened face. “Thank goodness you’re here!” she whispered, her voice trembling. They quickly helped her gather her essential belongings and led her back downstairs to their apartment, where they all huddled together, finding comfort in each other's presence.   Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. “Look!” Mary exclaimed, pointing excitedly. Dad grabbed the flashlight and waved it back and forth, signaling for help. Within minutes, they heard the sound of voices and the gentle lapping of the boat against the building. The rescue team arrived just in time, helping them all into the boat and to safety. As they sailed away from the flooded apartment, Mary looked back, feeling grateful for the bravery and love that had kept them together through the storm. 【导语】本文以一场突如其来的洪水为背景展开。在洪水肆虐、城市被淹的危急时刻，Mary一家在停电的黑暗中，不仅关心自身的安危，还牵挂着独居楼上、年老体弱的邻居Mrs. Thomson。在决定去查看并帮助她的过程中，他们展现了在灾难面前的互助与关爱。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“在黑暗中，他们互相扶持，借着手电筒的光一步一步地上楼。”可知，第一段可以描写他们上楼找到Mrs. Thomson并带她一起下楼的过程。 ②由第二段句首内容“突然，一束来自救援船的探照灯扫过Mrs. Thomson的窗户。”可知，第二段可以描写他们获救的过程以及获救后的感受。 2.续写线索：上楼找Mrs. Thomson——带她一起下楼——探照灯扫过窗户——呼救——获救——感激 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①抓紧：cling tightly to/grasp firmly ②跳动：pound/beat ③显露；出现：reveal/appear ④颤抖：temble/shake 情绪类 ①害怕的：frightened/scared ②感激的：grateful/appreciative 【点睛】【高分句型1】The water had already seeped into the stairwell, making each step slippery and dangerous.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】As they sailed away from the flooded apartment, Mary looked back, feeling grateful for the bravery and love that had kept them together through the storm.（运用了As引导的时间状语从句、分词作状语以及that引导的定语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元测试·提升卷） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a car. B．In a repair shop. C．On an island. 2．What does the man think of the game? A．Wonderful. B．Boring. C．Just so-so. 3．What was the man doing in the river? A．Swimming. B．Doing the research. C．Catching fish. 4．What is the man doing? A．Buying a camera. B．Taking a picture. C．Trying on a hat. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Their parents. B．Children’s education. C．Work arrangements. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．Why does Greg ask the woman to keep quiet? A．To find birds. B．To listen to his words. C．To avoid frightening birds. 7．How often does Greg go birdwatching? A．Once a week. B．Once a month. C．Twice a month. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What does Tony have in his hand? A．Lots of books. B．A book review. C．A reading list. 9．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Reader and librarian. C．Friends. 10．Which book will Tony read? A．A Song of Ice and Fire. B．Thirteen Reasons Why. C．First Test. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．What can Leo play? A．The piano. B．The guitar. C．The violin. 12．What is the purpose of the music group? A．To help students relax. B．To celebrate National Day. C．To prepare for a competition. 13．Why does Leo hesitate to join the music group at first? A．He is too busy with his study. B．He is afraid of meeting new people. C．He doesn’t think he is good enough. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．What is William? A．A teacher. B．A guide. C．A designer. 15．Where is Bob from? A．Italy. B．England. C．France. 16．Whom did the woman go to Italy with? A．Her friend. B．Her son. C．Her husband. 17．What does William ask the woman to do at last? A．Show him around the department. B．Attend a Christmas party. C．Teach him Italian. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．What was the weather like when the group set out? A．Windy. B．Snowy. C．Sunny. 19．How long did it take the speaker to reach the top? A．5 hours. B．6 hours. C．7 hours. 20．How did the speaker describe the experience? A．It was challenging. B．It was enjoyable. C．It was disappointing. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Natural Disasters in 2024: A Global Challenge Last year, our planet saw many natural disasters seriously affecting different parts of the world. Here are four major ones that occurred in 2024. The Noto Earthquake in Japan On New Year’s Day, a powerful earthquake happened in the Noto Peninsula in western Japan. Some areas of the Noto Peninsula were lifted as much as 13 feet, around 84,000 homes damaged and a total of 14,000 people directly affected. Sadly, 281 people were killed with more seriously injured. Floods in Spain On October 29, a large amount of rainfall hit Valencia of Spain and the surrounding towns were flooded. A total of 216 people died, half of whom were over the age of 70. The heavy rain turned streets into rivers, and cars were tossed around as if they were toys. To make it worse, after the flood, public anger over the lack of warning and the poor response from rescue services erupted into strikes (罢工). Hurricane Helene in the United States Hurricane Helene formed on September 24 and quickly strengthened, becoming the strongest to affect the area. As it moved across the southeastern states of the United States, including Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee and Alabama, it left behind a trail of destruction and caused severe flooding, taking away more than 230 people’s lives. The Wayanad Landslide (山体滑坡) in India In July, rainstorm in the Wayanad district in India, increasing to 22 inches in just two days, brought about landslides. The landslide nearly destroyed two villages which were previously known for their breathtaking scenery. By early August, the death toll had sadly risen to 392 with 150 people reported missing. 21．Which natural disaster in 2024 caused the most deaths? A．Floods in Spain. B．The Noto Earthquake in Japan. C．The Wayanad Landslide in India. D．Hurricane Helene in the United States. 22．What can we infer about the floods in Spain? A．The floods caused social disorder. B．The young people were affected more. C．The rescue services were well-prepared. D．The heavy rain was predicted in advance. 23．Which part of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Society & Politics. B．Travel & Tourism. C．Technology & Innovation. D．Environment & Geography. B The world is lucky when our most brilliant minds choose to work for the common good. Young Ryan Honary is among one of the brilliant minds. Shocked by the deaths in the 2018 Camp Fire, California’s frightening wildfire, Honary turned his attention to how to decrease future disasters. In 2019, Honary won a $10,000 prize in the Ignite Innovation Student Challenge for his early wildfire detection (检测) network, which provides app technology for firefighters. He was only in fifth grade at the time. Turning 14 years old and going into the eighth grade this year, Honary is busy working in SensoRy AI, the company he set up. With the help of his father and a team of experts, the company has received a lot of attention. Honary started creating websites when he was in third grade. He learned Python and JavaScript in a local after-school program. At the same time, he was interested in animals and the environment. He became worried as he saw how much the environment was under pressure. When wildfires started ruining the air quality, destroying homes and killing some people, Honary thought about how AI can be used to solve environmental problems such as wildfires. In order to get data to train the machine learning models on his fire detectors, he collected real-world data from Google Earth about the Camp Fire of 2018 in California. Once a fire is detected by a fire detector, the information can be sent to the app he created. Also, machine learning can be used to predict where the fires are going. Honary is hoping to attract more people from his generation to his company. He believes the environment is going to be a big responsibility for all of us. 24．What can be inferred from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3? A．Honary’s detecting network was free. B．Honary gained many awards in 2019. C．Honary’s company is facing serious challenges. D．Honary is young but makes amazing achievements. 25．Why did Honary invent the detector? A．To make a fortune. B．To enlarge his company. C．To save firefighters! D．To reduce wildfire disasters. 26．How did Honary train the machine learning models on detectors? A．By creating websites. B．By collecting data. C．By taking an after-school program. D．By sending information to the app. 27．Which of the following can best describe Honary? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Curious and confident. C．Creative and responsible. D．Friendly and intelligent. C An earthquake hit Turkey and Syria last month. Over 40,000 people lost their lives in the natural disaster, and that number is expected to climb. But people are staying strong and holding out hope as rescuers continue to search for and rescue survivors. 33-year-old Necla Camuz was trapped inside her home with her 10-day-old son, Yagiz, in her arms. She waited for 90 hours before being rescued. While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. “I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,” she shared. This story had an even happier ending. Camuz was told that her husband and 3-year-old son had also survived. They would get together after this terrible experience. But babies and young people aren’t the only survivors. 77-year-old Fatma Gungor was trapped for 212 hours before being freed. “I am so excited. I don’t know what to say. We almost got to the point of giving up, but our struggle has ended well,” one rescuer said. Finding Gungor provides new motivation (动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search. According to Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, it’s uncommon to find survivors after they have been trapped for more than 100 hours, but low temperatures might be the factor. “On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,” he said. As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund. 28．How did Camuz live through the earthquake in her opinion? A．By using professional skills. B．By seeing her newborn baby’s survival. C．By having trust in her family. D．By finding some water and food. 29．What do the rescuers realize after saving Gungor? A．More people can be rescued. B．Old people have a stronger will. C．Rescuers have to be calm enough. D．Rescue work will become more difficult. 30．What do Dr. Sanjay Gupia’s words suggest about the cold weather? A．It is unusual for local people. B．It can be both harmful and favorable. C．It makes rescuers easier to save trapped people. D．It causes trapped people to reduce demand for food. 31．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to offer support to those suffering. B．To give some tips on surviving an earthquake. C．To point out the problems facing rescuers. D．To stress the importance of timely rescue. D The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪), ”said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 32．What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A．To conduct historical research. B．To create a virtual tourist attraction. C．To raise public awareness of river protection. D．To improve flood control and prevention efforts. 33．How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance? A．They record water quality. B．They improve the river’s beauty. C．They monitor and report dike movements. D．They serve as markers for important locations. 34．What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A．Entertaining tourists. B．Collecting information on dike conditions. C．Patrolling and take wildlife photos. D．Testing water quality. 35．What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Complete. B．Basic. C．Beautiful. D．Natural. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you lived in Antarctica, the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth, you’d get to experience icequakes nearly every day. What is an icequake? The name might make you think of earthquakes. 36 Both icequakes and earthquakes cause the ground to shake. They can both be measured by instruments called seismographs. The biggest difference between the two is how they’re caused. Many people already know what causes earthquakes. Icequakes, on the other hand, happen when water in the ground freezes (结冰) very quickly. When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). 37 In some cases, it can even cause cracks (裂缝) in the ground above. 38 Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in recent years. They’ve also shared that most icequakes happen at night when temperatures drop. Why is Antarctica experiencing so many icequakes? You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. 39 Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake. What does an icequake feel like? 40 Often, people don’t feel them at all. But they can usually hear an icequake. It makes a loud pop. Do icequakes only happen in Antarctica? No! They also take place in Greenland, most often near glaciers (冰川). You might also hear an icequake in Canada, as well as in the midwestern and northeastern United States. A．But earthquakes can often cause fires. B．In some ways, the two are very similar. C．Icequakes are common across Antarctica. D．Icequakes make a loud noise that’s hard to miss. E．Most of them are much weaker than earthquakes. F．But they are actually on the rise because of warmer weather. G．As groundwater becomes ice, it breaks up the soil and rocks around it. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 1970, a cyclone hit the southern coast of Bangladesh. So severe and deadly were its effects that it’s 41 listed as the world’s worst-ever reported natural disaster. The event had a big impact on two Swedish men from Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF). They traveled 42 to Bangladesh for the purpose of seeing what they could do to help. They journeyed south by boat for several days, throughout the country’s vast river network to reach the worst-affected area and began to envision (预想) MAF using an aircraft that would 43 direct access to large areas of the country that were almost out of 44 . Throughout the 1980s, MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to 45 assistance and their patience and dedication 46 since they built trust in the countries that had been 47 . In 1997, MAF could 48 start a flight program within Bangladesh. At that time, besides transporting doctors to hospitals located in 49 parts of the country, MAF also began an on-call emergency medevac (前线急救直升机) service in Bangladesh. On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh. MAF’s rapid 50 and emergency procedures were seriously 51 as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel in urgent need of 52 to and from the disaster zone. For the next two months, MAF 53 solidly, seven days a week. The float plane became known by 54 locals as “The Sea Angel” — the only aircraft in the country of its type having such a(n) 55 . In 2009, “The Sea Angel” was sent again for rapid assistance when Cyclone Alla struck. Today, in Bangladesh, MAF makes over 750 flights and transports around 2,500 passengers annually. 41．A．just B．still C．soon D．often 42．A．separately B．occasionally C．immediately D．fortunately 43．A．reduce B．prevent C．change D．enable 44．A．focus B．danger C．order D．reach 45．A．seek B．provide C．promise D．receive 46．A．ran out B．came back C．paid off D．kept on 47．A．noticed B．untied C．assisted D．traveled 48．A．finally B．currently C．suddenly D．properly 49．A．remote B．crowded C．secure D．coastal 50．A．response B．reply C．reception D．relief 51．A．followed B．tested C．forecasted D．established 52．A．transport B．message C．funding D．encouragement 53．A．accelerated B．flew C．appealed D．searched 54．A．reasonable B．respectable C．outgoing D．grateful 55．A．destination B．application C．decoration D．reputation 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 2024 may go down not only as the hottest ever recorded but also as a year that has, with an alarming increase in the 56 (frequent) and severity of a wide range of climate change-caused extreme weather events, given us a clear forecast of the climate change impacts 57 we can anticipate over the coming decades and centuries. These impacts are far-reaching, 58 (extend) to human health, politics, food supplies, infrastructure, financial markets, and society at large, and exceeding national boundaries. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), our atmosphere now holds more carbon dioxide than 59 any time in human history. It is increasingly likely 60 global surface temperatures will surpass the critical 1. 5 degrees Celsius threshold (临界值) set during the COP21 summit, known as the Paris climate agreement. As 61 (indicate) by the Global Hunger Index, the consequence of anthropogenic (人为的) climate change has worsened food insecurity, resulting in 62 increase in global hunger for the first time in 63 (decade). While the current sign might suggest an upcoming climate catastrophe, it is crucial 64 (acknowledge) the progress. For instance, the cost of 65 (renew) energy has fallen faster than expectations, paving the way for clean energy transition. Moreover, over half of the world’s economies have already moved beyond a peak in power generation from fossil fuels. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66．假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： 1) 地震的日常防护； 2)震中的自救及注意事项。 注意：1）词数80左右； 2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Another wildly bright lightning along with a thunder cracked in the sky! Mary swiftly threw herself into her Mum’s arms, burying her face into her chest and trembling with fright. “I think we should leave here right away!” She murmured in a crying tone. Instantly, Dad refused her request again for the fact that the city had already been flooded severely. As he saw through their window, the almost three-meter-high floodwater had already surrounded the apartment building like a wide river, several cars floating on it just like boats. “Black out!” Mary gasped fearfully, the wind roaring and the rain beating on the roof and windows, which made her even more nervous in the whole darkness. Mum took Mary’s hand and carefully led her to sit on the sofa, trying her best to comfort her. While she performed calmly, Mary could tell she was nervous too. “Let’s try to find a light source first and then see what other supplies we have.” Dad made an arrangement. Luckily, there was a flashlight, some packages of instant noodles, bread and some drinking water, which may help them get through the toughness for the half of the night. Without saying a single word, Dad turned on the flashlight, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. Only the light of the flashlight could now give them some warmth and a sense of little hope. “What about Mrs. Thomson? Old and weak, she must be extremely helpless.” Mum said with great concern when she thought about their nice neighbor who lived alone upstairs of the same building. After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should go and check whether Mrs. Thomson was fire. Mary, with heavy breath and pounding heart, stood up immediately, ready to bring all their supplies to Mrs. Thomson’s house.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元测试·提升卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） （参考答案） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 第一部分 听力（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B A B B C A B C C A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A B C C B B A C C A 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分， 满分50分） 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．B 37．G 38．C 39．F 40．E 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．C 48．A 49．A 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 56．frequency 57．that/which 58．extending 59．at 60．that 61．indicated 62．an 63．decades 64．to acknowledge 65．renewable 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） How to react in an earthquake How to react in a disaster like an earthquake really matters. Proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. If an earthquake occurs, be aware where and how to stay safe. Do prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. Once encountering an earthquake, don’t panic. If inside a room, stay under strong desks or beds. When escaping from the scene, never take the lift; otherwise we may get trapped. If outside, try to stay off buildings and electricity supplies and move to a safer place as soon as possible. Follow what are mentioned above, you can make yourself safe and sound. 第二节（满分25分）    In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. The water had already seeped into the stairwell, making each step slippery and dangerous. Mary clung tightly to her parents’hands, her heart pounding with a mix of fear and determination. When they finally reached Mrs. Thomson’s door, Dad knocked gently but firmly. After what felt like an eternity, the door creaked open, revealing Mrs. Thomson’s frightened face. “Thank goodness you’re here!” she whispered, her voice trembling. They quickly helped her gather her essential belongings and led her back downstairs to their apartment, where they all huddled together, finding comfort in each other's presence.   Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. “Look!” Mary exclaimed, pointing excitedly. Dad grabbed the flashlight and waved it back and forth, signaling for help. Within minutes, they heard the sound of voices and the gentle lapping of the boat against the building. The rescue team arrived just in time, helping them all into the boat and to safety. As they sailed away from the flooded apartment, Mary looked back, feeling grateful for the bravery and love that had kept them together through the storm. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元测试·提升卷） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a car. B．In a repair shop. C．On an island. 2．What does the man think of the game? A．Wonderful. B．Boring. C．Just so-so. 3．What was the man doing in the river? A．Swimming. B．Doing the research. C．Catching fish. 4．What is the man doing? A．Buying a camera. B．Taking a picture. C．Trying on a hat. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Their parents. B．Children’s education. C．Work arrangements. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．Why does Greg ask the woman to keep quiet? A．To find birds. B．To listen to his words. C．To avoid frightening birds. 7．How often does Greg go birdwatching? A．Once a week. B．Once a month. C．Twice a month. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What does Tony have in his hand? A．Lots of books. B．A book review. C．A reading list. 9．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Reader and librarian. C．Friends. 10．Which book will Tony read? A．A Song of Ice and Fire. B．Thirteen Reasons Why. C．First Test. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．What can Leo play? A．The piano. B．The guitar. C．The violin. 12．What is the purpose of the music group? A．To help students relax. B．To celebrate National Day. C．To prepare for a competition. 13．Why does Leo hesitate to join the music group at first? A．He is too busy with his study. B．He is afraid of meeting new people. C．He doesn’t think he is good enough. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．What is William? A．A teacher. B．A guide. C．A designer. 15．Where is Bob from? A．Italy. B．England. C．France. 16．Whom did the woman go to Italy with? A．Her friend. B．Her son. C．Her husband. 17．What does William ask the woman to do at last? A．Show him around the department. B．Attend a Christmas party. C．Teach him Italian. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．What was the weather like when the group set out? A．Windy. B．Snowy. C．Sunny. 19．How long did it take the speaker to reach the top? A．5 hours. B．6 hours. C．7 hours. 20．How did the speaker describe the experience? A．It was challenging. B．It was enjoyable. C．It was disappointing. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Natural Disasters in 2024: A Global Challenge Last year, our planet saw many natural disasters seriously affecting different parts of the world. Here are four major ones that occurred in 2024. The Noto Earthquake in Japan On New Year’s Day, a powerful earthquake happened in the Noto Peninsula in western Japan. Some areas of the Noto Peninsula were lifted as much as 13 feet, around 84,000 homes damaged and a total of 14,000 people directly affected. Sadly, 281 people were killed with more seriously injured. Floods in Spain On October 29, a large amount of rainfall hit Valencia of Spain and the surrounding towns were flooded. A total of 216 people died, half of whom were over the age of 70. The heavy rain turned streets into rivers, and cars were tossed around as if they were toys. To make it worse, after the flood, public anger over the lack of warning and the poor response from rescue services erupted into strikes (罢工). Hurricane Helene in the United States Hurricane Helene formed on September 24 and quickly strengthened, becoming the strongest to affect the area. As it moved across the southeastern states of the United States, including Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee and Alabama, it left behind a trail of destruction and caused severe flooding, taking away more than 230 people’s lives. The Wayanad Landslide (山体滑坡) in India In July, rainstorm in the Wayanad district in India, increasing to 22 inches in just two days, brought about landslides. The landslide nearly destroyed two villages which were previously known for their breathtaking scenery. By early August, the death toll had sadly risen to 392 with 150 people reported missing. 21．Which natural disaster in 2024 caused the most deaths? A．Floods in Spain. B．The Noto Earthquake in Japan. C．The Wayanad Landslide in India. D．Hurricane Helene in the United States. 22．What can we infer about the floods in Spain? A．The floods caused social disorder. B．The young people were affected more. C．The rescue services were well-prepared. D．The heavy rain was predicted in advance. 23．Which part of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Society & Politics. B．Travel & Tourism. C．Technology & Innovation. D．Environment & Geography. B The world is lucky when our most brilliant minds choose to work for the common good. Young Ryan Honary is among one of the brilliant minds. Shocked by the deaths in the 2018 Camp Fire, California’s frightening wildfire, Honary turned his attention to how to decrease future disasters. In 2019, Honary won a $10,000 prize in the Ignite Innovation Student Challenge for his early wildfire detection (检测) network, which provides app technology for firefighters. He was only in fifth grade at the time. Turning 14 years old and going into the eighth grade this year, Honary is busy working in SensoRy AI, the company he set up. With the help of his father and a team of experts, the company has received a lot of attention. Honary started creating websites when he was in third grade. He learned Python and JavaScript in a local after-school program. At the same time, he was interested in animals and the environment. He became worried as he saw how much the environment was under pressure. When wildfires started ruining the air quality, destroying homes and killing some people, Honary thought about how AI can be used to solve environmental problems such as wildfires. In order to get data to train the machine learning models on his fire detectors, he collected real-world data from Google Earth about the Camp Fire of 2018 in California. Once a fire is detected by a fire detector, the information can be sent to the app he created. Also, machine learning can be used to predict where the fires are going. Honary is hoping to attract more people from his generation to his company. He believes the environment is going to be a big responsibility for all of us. 24．What can be inferred from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3? A．Honary’s detecting network was free. B．Honary gained many awards in 2019. C．Honary’s company is facing serious challenges. D．Honary is young but makes amazing achievements. 25．Why did Honary invent the detector? A．To make a fortune. B．To enlarge his company. C．To save firefighters! D．To reduce wildfire disasters. 26．How did Honary train the machine learning models on detectors? A．By creating websites. B．By collecting data. C．By taking an after-school program. D．By sending information to the app. 27．Which of the following can best describe Honary? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Curious and confident. C．Creative and responsible. D．Friendly and intelligent. C An earthquake hit Turkey and Syria last month. Over 40,000 people lost their lives in the natural disaster, and that number is expected to climb. But people are staying strong and holding out hope as rescuers continue to search for and rescue survivors. 33-year-old Necla Camuz was trapped inside her home with her 10-day-old son, Yagiz, in her arms. She waited for 90 hours before being rescued. While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. “I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,” she shared. This story had an even happier ending. Camuz was told that her husband and 3-year-old son had also survived. They would get together after this terrible experience. But babies and young people aren’t the only survivors. 77-year-old Fatma Gungor was trapped for 212 hours before being freed. “I am so excited. I don’t know what to say. We almost got to the point of giving up, but our struggle has ended well,” one rescuer said. Finding Gungor provides new motivation (动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search. According to Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, it’s uncommon to find survivors after they have been trapped for more than 100 hours, but low temperatures might be the factor. “On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,” he said. As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund. 28．How did Camuz live through the earthquake in her opinion? A．By using professional skills. B．By seeing her newborn baby’s survival. C．By having trust in her family. D．By finding some water and food. 29．What do the rescuers realize after saving Gungor? A．More people can be rescued. B．Old people have a stronger will. C．Rescuers have to be calm enough. D．Rescue work will become more difficult. 30．What do Dr. Sanjay Gupia’s words suggest about the cold weather? A．It is unusual for local people. B．It can be both harmful and favorable. C．It makes rescuers easier to save trapped people. D．It causes trapped people to reduce demand for food. 31．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to offer support to those suffering. B．To give some tips on surviving an earthquake. C．To point out the problems facing rescuers. D．To stress the importance of timely rescue. D The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪), ”said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 32．What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A．To conduct historical research. B．To create a virtual tourist attraction. C．To raise public awareness of river protection. D．To improve flood control and prevention efforts. 33．How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance? A．They record water quality. B．They improve the river’s beauty. C．They monitor and report dike movements. D．They serve as markers for important locations. 34．What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A．Entertaining tourists. B．Collecting information on dike conditions. C．Patrolling and take wildlife photos. D．Testing water quality. 35．What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Complete. B．Basic. C．Beautiful. D．Natural. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you lived in Antarctica, the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth, you’d get to experience icequakes nearly every day. What is an icequake? The name might make you think of earthquakes. 36 Both icequakes and earthquakes cause the ground to shake. They can both be measured by instruments called seismographs. The biggest difference between the two is how they’re caused. Many people already know what causes earthquakes. Icequakes, on the other hand, happen when water in the ground freezes (结冰) very quickly. When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). 37 In some cases, it can even cause cracks (裂缝) in the ground above. 38 Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in recent years. They’ve also shared that most icequakes happen at night when temperatures drop. Why is Antarctica experiencing so many icequakes? You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. 39 Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake. What does an icequake feel like? 40 Often, people don’t feel them at all. But they can usually hear an icequake. It makes a loud pop. Do icequakes only happen in Antarctica? No! They also take place in Greenland, most often near glaciers (冰川). You might also hear an icequake in Canada, as well as in the midwestern and northeastern United States. A．But earthquakes can often cause fires. B．In some ways, the two are very similar. C．Icequakes are common across Antarctica. D．Icequakes make a loud noise that’s hard to miss. E．Most of them are much weaker than earthquakes. F．But they are actually on the rise because of warmer weather. G．As groundwater becomes ice, it breaks up the soil and rocks around it. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 1970, a cyclone hit the southern coast of Bangladesh. So severe and deadly were its effects that it’s 41 listed as the world’s worst-ever reported natural disaster. The event had a big impact on two Swedish men from Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF). They traveled 42 to Bangladesh for the purpose of seeing what they could do to help. They journeyed south by boat for several days, throughout the country’s vast river network to reach the worst-affected area and began to envision (预想) MAF using an aircraft that would 43 direct access to large areas of the country that were almost out of 44 . Throughout the 1980s, MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to 45 assistance and their patience and dedication 46 since they built trust in the countries that had been 47 . In 1997, MAF could 48 start a flight program within Bangladesh. At that time, besides transporting doctors to hospitals located in 49 parts of the country, MAF also began an on-call emergency medevac (前线急救直升机) service in Bangladesh. On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh. MAF’s rapid 50 and emergency procedures were seriously 51 as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel in urgent need of 52 to and from the disaster zone. For the next two months, MAF 53 solidly, seven days a week. The float plane became known by 54 locals as “The Sea Angel” — the only aircraft in the country of its type having such a(n) 55 . In 2009, “The Sea Angel” was sent again for rapid assistance when Cyclone Alla struck. Today, in Bangladesh, MAF makes over 750 flights and transports around 2,500 passengers annually. 41．A．just B．still C．soon D．often 42．A．separately B．occasionally C．immediately D．fortunately 43．A．reduce B．prevent C．change D．enable 44．A．focus B．danger C．order D．reach 45．A．seek B．provide C．promise D．receive 46．A．ran out B．came back C．paid off D．kept on 47．A．noticed B．untied C．assisted D．traveled 48．A．finally B．currently C．suddenly D．properly 49．A．remote B．crowded C．secure D．coastal 50．A．response B．reply C．reception D．relief 51．A．followed B．tested C．forecasted D．established 52．A．transport B．message C．funding D．encouragement 53．A．accelerated B．flew C．appealed D．searched 54．A．reasonable B．respectable C．outgoing D．grateful 55．A．destination B．application C．decoration D．reputation 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 2024 may go down not only as the hottest ever recorded but also as a year that has, with an alarming increase in the 56 (frequent) and severity of a wide range of climate change-caused extreme weather events, given us a clear forecast of the climate change impacts 57 we can anticipate over the coming decades and centuries. These impacts are far-reaching, 58 (extend) to human health, politics, food supplies, infrastructure, financial markets, and society at large, and exceeding national boundaries. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), our atmosphere now holds more carbon dioxide than 59 any time in human history. It is increasingly likely 60 global surface temperatures will surpass the critical 1. 5 degrees Celsius threshold (临界值) set during the COP21 summit, known as the Paris climate agreement. As 61 (indicate) by the Global Hunger Index, the consequence of anthropogenic (人为的) climate change has worsened food insecurity, resulting in 62 increase in global hunger for the first time in 63 (decade). While the current sign might suggest an upcoming climate catastrophe, it is crucial 64 (acknowledge) the progress. For instance, the cost of 65 (renew) energy has fallen faster than expectations, paving the way for clean energy transition. Moreover, over half of the world’s economies have already moved beyond a peak in power generation from fossil fuels. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66．假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： 1) 地震的日常防护； 2)震中的自救及注意事项。 注意：1）词数80左右； 2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Another wildly bright lightning along with a thunder cracked in the sky! Mary swiftly threw herself into her Mum’s arms, burying her face into her chest and trembling with fright. “I think we should leave here right away!” She murmured in a crying tone. Instantly, Dad refused her request again for the fact that the city had already been flooded severely. As he saw through their window, the almost three-meter-high floodwater had already surrounded the apartment building like a wide river, several cars floating on it just like boats. “Black out!” Mary gasped fearfully, the wind roaring and the rain beating on the roof and windows, which made her even more nervous in the whole darkness. Mum took Mary’s hand and carefully led her to sit on the sofa, trying her best to comfort her. While she performed calmly, Mary could tell she was nervous too. “Let’s try to find a light source first and then see what other supplies we have.” Dad made an arrangement. Luckily, there was a flashlight, some packages of instant noodles, bread and some drinking water, which may help them get through the toughness for the half of the night. Without saying a single word, Dad turned on the flashlight, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. Only the light of the flashlight could now give them some warmth and a sense of little hope. “What about Mrs. Thomson? Old and weak, she must be extremely helpless.” Mum said with great concern when she thought about their nice neighbor who lived alone upstairs of the same building. After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should go and check whether Mrs. Thomson was fire. Mary, with heavy breath and pounding heart, stood up immediately, ready to bring all their supplies to Mrs. Thomson’s house.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the darkness, they supported each other and went upstairs step by step with the light of the flashlight. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a bunch of searching light from a rescue boat flashed across Mrs. Thomson’s window. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$