专题1 第3讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（PPT教学课件）-【百汇大课堂】2026年高考英语总复习上册·第1轮（浙江专用）

高考总复习　英语 语法突破 专题一　“复杂多变”的动词 第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 would would have preferred 感悟高考真题 have written had driven could 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 can should would 突破核心考点 must need shall 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 must may/might can't 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 would be working be taken have gone 突破核心考点 reflected Should would have taken 突破核心考点 needn't can danced did/should do will 强化语言运用 (should) not allow must didn't wear shall should 强化语言运用 hadn't cheated (should) not be (should) take (should) not call 强化语言运用 was required suggestion It prepared/should prepare 强化语言运用 谢谢观看！ 1. (2024·全国甲卷)On most weekends，my grandmother, a young girl then，and her brother _________ go to the beach. 2. (2024·全国甲卷)Of course, I ________________________ (prefer) a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. 3. (2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Without your recognition and guidance，I couldn't ____________________ (write) this article. 4. (经典高考题)They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ (drive) a few more kilometers. 5. (经典高考题)It used to be that you ________ drive for miles here without seeing another person，but now there are houses and people everywhere. 1．[解析]考查情态动词的用法。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母——那时还是个小女孩——常会和她的哥哥去海滩。根据On most weekends和then可知，本句谓语动词表示过去习惯性的动作。 2．[解析]考查虚拟语气。句意：当然，我宁愿汤姆和玛吉·图利弗有一个不同的结局，但他们得到的结局对他们来说是最有意义的。but后陈述的是过去的事实，but前面的句子表示对过去事情的虚拟，but表示含蓄条件。 3．[解析]考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。根据句意可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的推断，without表示含蓄条件。 4．[解析]考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几千米，他们可能会找到一家更好的酒店。根据句意可知，本句表示对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时表示虚拟条件。 5．[解析]考查情态动词。句意：过去，你在这里开车几英里可能都见不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意可知，此处指过去在这里开车可能看不见人。 1．若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯填空题时，应注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。 2．若判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的意义和构成，除了if引导虚拟条件句，还应注意含蓄虚拟句的标志词，如without、but for、or、otherwise，以及其他虚拟语气的标志词，如suggest、would rather、as if、wish等。 一　情态动词 考点1　情态动词的基本用法 1．情态动词近几年的常考点 总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下三点： (1)情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词＋have done”的用法； (2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词； (3)if虚拟条件句和含蓄虚拟条件句的虚拟语气。 2．情态动词的基本用法 (1)can/could ①表示能力(could 常用于过去的能力)。 I can't play basketball now，but I could when I was young. 现在我不会打篮球了，但年轻的时候我会。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 ②表示客观或理论上的可能性。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. 在我的家乡，三月份通常比较暖和，但有时也可能会很冷。 ③表示请求或允许。could 在疑问句中可以代替can，语气更委婉。 —This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese? —Sure，we call it “doufu”． ——这道菜真的很好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名是什么？ ——当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐”。 ④表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。 He can't be our manager，because our manager has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们的经理，因为我们的经理已经去北京了。 (2)may/might ①表示请求、允许、许可。might 比 may的语气更委婉。 —May I take this book out of the reading room? —No，you mustn't. You must read it here. ——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？ ——不，绝不可以，你必须在这儿读。 ②表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 They might be having a meeting，but I'm not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不确定。 (3)must ①表示义务，意为“必须，应该”。 —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting. ——需要我现在就通知他日程安排的变动吗？ ——恐怕你得通知他，以免他开会迟到。 ②表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。 You must be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点都没变。 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 昨晚你一定睡得很晚，你的眼睛红红的。 ③意为“偏要，非要……不可”。 —Where did you get this book? —I picked it up from a second-hand bookshop if you must know. ——你在哪里弄到的这本书？ ——如果你非要知道，我是在一家二手书店里买到的。 ④mustn't 表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许，一定不要”。 You mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit. 你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口。 (4)shall ①用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。 Shall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以去散散步吗？ When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 他什么时候能离开医院？ ②用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 —Will you read me a story，mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？ ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ③用于第三人称时，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“必须，应该”。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniforms at school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。 No reader shall remove a book from the library without consent of the librarian. 没有图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。 (5)should ①should 表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 ②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。 It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。 (6)will/would ①表示意志或意愿。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但他就是不听。 —Why didn't you come to my party last night? —I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. ——昨晚你为什么没来参加我的派对？ ——我想参加，但是我母亲就是不想让我晚上那么晚出去。 ②用于表示请求或建议。would比 will的语气更委婉、客气。 Would/Will you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄这封信好吗？ ③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是，习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。 He would go to bed strictly at 9，and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant. 他总是严格地9点上床睡觉。星期日总在那家餐厅吃午饭。 (7)need/dare need意为“需要，必要”，dare意为“敢，敢于”，两词均可用作情态动词和实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。 ①用作情态动词。 They dare not ask for money any more. 他们不敢再要钱了。 It's quite warm here；we needn't turn the heating on yet. 这里很温暖。我们还不必开暖气。 ②用作实义动词。 You don't need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so. 大多数人都恨哈里，但他们不敢说。 (8)ought to 表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比should略强，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该”。 You ought to work harder than before. 你应当比之前更努力地工作。 You ought not to be late for such an important meeting. 这么重要的会议你不应该迟到。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two _____ be a rewarding experience. 2. (2024·全国甲卷)What ________ be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 3. (2024·全国甲卷)I was left alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes. As always my grandmother _______ tell me stories about her childhood. 4. (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 ______ have the parent/guardian approval section signed. 5．—Ethan is asking whether he must attend the meeting tomorrow. —Well，he ______ not if he has something else to do. 6．According to newly released regulations on online video services，no one _______ generate，release or spread fake news or information by using technology. 考点2　情态动词表推测 高考对情态动词表示推测的考查基本集中在must、may、might、can和could的用法上。对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词＋do”；对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词＋be doing”；对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。 结构 含义 例句 must have done 想必/准是/一定做了(肯定句) It must have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。 can/could not have done 不可能做了 I saw Mr. Wang just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去了北京。 结构 含义 例句 can/could have done 本来能够做但未做(肯定句) You could have walked to the station. It was so near. 你们本来能够步行去车站的。它离得很近。 may/might have done 也许/或许已经做了 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 太晚了，我想他或许已经睡了。 结构 含义 例句 should/ought to have done 本该做而实际未做 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. 你本应该更细心地做这个练习。 should not/ought not to have done 本不应该做而做了 You shouldn't have told her the truth. 你本不该告诉她真相。 结构 含义 例句 needn't have done 本没必要做而做了 You needn't have taken a taxi here，for it was just one kilometre from my home. 你本没必要在这里乘坐出租车的，因为这里离我家仅有一千米远。 [即时训练2] 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)He ______ have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. 2．—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. —Well，you never know！You ____________ have made a better impression than you think. 3．He ________ have finished writing the paper. He hadn't written a single word when I left him fifty minutes ago. 二　虚拟语气 1.if条件句中的虚拟语气 情况 虚拟条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 if＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might ＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 if＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 情况 虚拟条件从句 主句 与将来事实相反的假设 ①if＋主语＋动词的过去式 ②if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 ③if＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home. 假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们，我们就乘出租车回来了。 If I were you，I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我会再读一遍。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 要是明天下雨，运动会就会推迟。 ①如果表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were、had或 should，可将if省略，然后将were、had或should移至主语之前。 Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved. 如果那时我了解这个电脑程序的话，那么我会省下大量的时间和精力。 ②如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。 Maybe if I had studied science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. 也许如果当时我学习的是理科而不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。 2．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是)没有，but for要不是，otherwise/or否则，等等。 But for their help，we could not have finished the program in time. 如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那个项目。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 他打电话告诉了我你的生日，否则，我对此一点都不知道。 3．虚拟语气在从句中的运用 (1)在名词性从句中的运用 ①在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、四建议(advise，suggest，recommend，propose)、五要求(require，request，demand，desire，urge)。但是suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，其后的从句不用虚拟语气。 ②在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/ requested/required＋that从句”中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 It is strange that he (should) react in this way. 很奇怪，他竟然作出这样的反应。 ③wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词可用过去式、“had＋过去分词”和“could/might/would＋动词原形”，分别表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的情况。 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我现在是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。 —How much of the foreign expert's speech have you understood? —Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English. ——那位外国专家的演讲你懂多少？ ——几乎什么也不懂，要是我过去更刻苦学习英语就好了。 ④would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he focused more on its culture. 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他把话题多集中在文化上。 (2)在其他句式中的应用 ①在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，有时要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的形式：表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 He stood up and offered her his seat，as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座，好像他读懂了她的心思。 ②在if only引导的条件句或感叹句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ ③在“It is (high/about) time (that) ...”句型中，that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用过去式(did)或“should＋动词原形(should不能省略)”，意为“该是……的时候了”。 Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking. 杰克是一个夸夸其谈的人。该是他做点什么而不是光说不做的时候了。 当as if/as though引导的句子叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。 [即时训练3] 单句语法填空 1．But for my casual attitude，I wouldn't have been dismissed and __________________ (work) with my colleagues on the project now. 2．The woman insisted that the lost child __________ (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be informed. 3．I couldn't ___________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help. 4．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder，indicating that it's high time we ___________ (reflect) on ourselves. 5．_________ it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match. 6．I was ill that day. Otherwise，I __________________ (take) part in the sports meeting. A (侧重练习情态动词) I 1.__________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer. No one 2._____ be compared with her in dancing. I wish I 3.________ (dance) as well as her. Jack is more of a talker than a doer. Teachers always tell him it's high time that he 4.________________ (do) something instead of just talking. Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，I 5.______ say “Ni Hao” to them. Teachers recommend that parents 6. _________________ (not allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Students 7.______ obey school rules. Every student must wear school uniform while at school. If a student 8.______________ (not wear) school uniform，he/she would be punished immediately. According to the rules，students 9._______ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship. It is beyond my imagination that students here 10.________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. B (侧重练习虚拟语气) Yesterday，Mike insisted that he 1._________________ (not cheat) in the exam with the cellphone and that he 2. ________________ (not be) punished. The teacher ordered that he 3. ______________ (take) out the cellphone and commanded that he (should) phone his parents right now. Mike requested that the teacher 4. __________________ (not call) his parents. He demanded that the teacher (should) give him another chance. The teacher said it 5._____________ (require) that students (should) not take cellphones to school. Her 6.____________ (suggest) was that Mike (should) study hard instead of cheating in the exams.7._____ is high time that he 8.___________________ (prepare) for the college entrance examination. $$