内容正文:
第05讲 介词和介词短语
目录
01 1
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3
考点一 常考介词辨析 3
知识点 常考介词基本含义 3
考向 单项选择中的介词辨析 9
考点二 常考介词短语辨析 9
知识点1 介词+名词常见搭配 9
知识点2 名词+介词常见搭配 10
知识点3 动词+名词常见搭配 11
知识点4 其他常用介词短语 12
考向 单项选择中的介词短语辨析 15
04 真题溯源·考向感知 16
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
介词和介词短语
选择题
非选择题
3月,17,1.5分
3月,29,1.5分
3月,28,1.5分
6月,9,1分
6月,19,1.5分
6月,31,1.5分
3月,1,1分
3月,19,1.5分
6月,12,1分
考情分析:
分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。对介词和介词短语在高考试卷中的题型分布主要有以下几种:
单项选择:通常为1-2题。主要考查介词和介词短语的词义辨析。
完形填空:考查在语境中正确使用介词和介词短语的命题,考查介词与其他词性单词的固定搭配, 主要以隐形考查的方式出现在完形填空试题中。
复习目标:
1. 掌握介词和介词短语的基本词义;
2. 掌握介词与其他词性单词的固定搭配。
考点一 常考介词辨析
知识点 常考介词基本含义
介词
用法
示例
关于(某人或物)
What is she worried about? 她在担心什么呢?
在…… 各处
He looked about the hall but saw nobody. 他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。
above
(数目、重要性、水平、年龄)超过,多于
The stone weighs above one ton. 这块石头重一吨多。
I rate her above most other players. 我认为她优于大多数参赛者。
在(或向)…… 上面
The whole sky above us is filled with stars. 我们上方的整个天空布满了星星。
against
紧靠;倚;撞
He stood with his back against the wall. 他背靠墙站着。
The rain beat against the windows. 雨点击打着窗户。
逆;反对(与 for 意义相反);违反
I don't know whether he is for or against it. 我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。
与…… 竞争
We'll be competing against some of the best companies. 我们要和一些一流公司竞争。
以防
They have got prepared against flood. 他们已经做好了防洪准备。
衬托;以…… 为背景
Flowers look better against green leaves. 花在绿叶的衬托下更好看。
对…… 不利
The evidence is against him. 证据对他不利。
as
作为,当作
Don't treat me as a child. 别把我当小孩看待。
at
在(某处)
They arrived late at the airport. 他们晚到了机场。
处于…… 状态
The two countries are at war. 两国正在交战。
在(某时间或时刻)
A woman came in just at that moment. 就在那时一位妇女进来了。
在…… 岁时
He left school at the age of 16. 他 16 岁便离开了学校。
(用于速度、比率等)以,达
The train runs at about 120 miles per hour. 火车以每小时大约 120 英里的速度行驶。
(与动词连用)对,向,朝(目标、方向)
He aimed at the target. 他瞄准目标。
Don't laugh at me! 不要嘲笑我!
(与形容词连用,表示能力)在…… 方面
She is good at playing the piano. 她擅长弹钢琴。
beyond
(时间)晚于,迟于
Don't stay out beyond midnight. 不要在外面待到午夜以后。
(位置)在(或向)…… 较远的一边
The small village is 20 miles beyond the town. 那个小村庄在城外 20 英里处。
非…… 所能及;超出…… 之外
This book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
by
在…… 旁边,靠近(与 beside 意义相近)
Harry is standing by the window. 哈里正站在窗户旁边。
Come and sit by me. 过来坐在我身边。
(表示方法、手段)用,靠;通过,借助于
He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他以卖报为生。
travel by boat 乘船
依据;按照
It is eight o'clock by my watch. 我的表是 8 点。
与 the 连用,表示时间或量度单位
They are paid by the day. 他们按天计酬。
(表示时间)在…… 之前,不迟于
Can you return the book by Monday? 星期一之前你能还书吗?
经过
He walked by me without speaking. 他一言不发地从我身边走过。
(置于不带 the 的名词前,表示原因)由于
They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。
He took my book by mistake. 他错拿了我的书。
(常置于表示被动的动词后,表示施事者)被,由
The book was written by an American writer. 这本书是一位美国作家写的。
表示程度、数量
It needs to be longer by two feet. 它需要再长两英尺。
表示触及或抓住人或物的某部位
I took him by the hand. 我拉着他的手。
for
为了
What can I do for you? 有什么事我可以为你效劳?
对,给(表示用途、对象等)
There's a letter for you. 有你一封信。
向,往(表示去向)
The train is for Beijing. 这列火车开往北京。
计,达(表示一段时间、距离)
The weather has been cold for a week. 整整一个星期,天气一直很冷。
We walked for miles. 我们走了好几英里路。
以…… 的价钱
I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars. 我花五美元买了一本词典。
支持,拥护(反义词为 against)
No one is for the proposal. 没有人支持这项提议。
因为,由于
He was praised for his good deeds. 他因做好事而受到表扬。
当作
What did you have for lunch? 你午饭吃的什么?
就…… 而言
It is warm for March. 就 3 月份而言,这天气算是暖和的了。
对于(表示陈述或问题的对象)
Doing exercise is good for our health. 做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。
from
(表示起点、来源)自,从,来自……
She got a letter from her mother. 她收到了她母亲的来信。
(表示开始的时间)从…… 开始
We're open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. 我们从早 8 点至晚 7 点营业。
(表示原因)因为,由于
She felt tired from a whole day's work. 她工作了一整天,感到累了。
(表示距离)离
How far is your hometown from here? 你的家乡离这儿多远?
(表示所用的原料)由……(制成)
Wine can be made from rice. 大米可以酿酒。
(表示防止)使免遭,使免受
These books were saved from damage. 这些书没有遭到破坏。
(表示进行判断的原因)根据,从…… 来看
Judging from his pronunciation, he is an Englishman. 从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。
(区别二者时用)与……(不同)
I can't tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
in
在(某段时间)内
I'm getting forgetful in my old age. 我现在上了年纪,变得健忘了。
在(某段时间)之后
It will be ready in a week's time. 需要一周就会准备好。
在(某处)
He intended to take a holiday in America. 他打算在美国度假。
穿着;戴着
All the children were dressed in their best clothes. 所有孩子都穿着他们最好的衣服。
表示状态或状况
I must put my affairs in order. 我必须整理好我的事务。
表示使用的语言、材料等
I paid in cash. 我用现金支付的。
关于;在…… 方面
She was not lacking in courage. 她并不缺乏勇气。
of
(表示所属关系)…… 的
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
表示同位关系
The city of Beijing is very beautiful. 北京市很美丽。
表示计量、时间或年龄
He is just a boy of ten. 他只是个 10 岁的男孩。
表示出身、原材料
The ring is made of gold. 这枚戒指是金子做的。
表示原因
He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。
后接抽象名词,表示性质或特征(of + 抽象名词相当于形容词)
I hope this book will be of value to students. 我希望这本书对学生们有帮助。
on
在…… 上(尤指在某物的表面上)
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在书桌上
用于说明活动或状态
She is still on holiday. 她仍在休假。
关于,涉及
He will give a talk on the economic situation. 他将做一个关于经济形势的报告。
按照
You should act on his advice. 你应该按照他的建议行事。
使用……,通过……
They spoke on the telephone. 他们通过电话谈了谈。
(身上)带着,有
Have you got any money on you? 你带钱了没有?
在(某时间)
on the morning of May 12 在 5 月 12 日的早晨
over
悬在…… 上面
They held an umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把伞。
多于(某时间、数量、花费等)
There are over twenty students in the classroom. 教室里有 20 多个学生。
到处,各处
The news spread all over the country. 那则消息传遍了全国。
利用,通过(无线电、电话等)
He learned English over the radio. 他通过收音机学英语。
在…… 期间
We will discuss it over lunch. 我们将在吃午饭时商量此事。
(部分或全部覆盖)在…… 上面
She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。
从一边到另一边(表示动作方向)
He can climb over the wall. 他能够翻过那堵墙。
than
(用以引出比较的第二部分)比
I'm older than her. 我比她年龄大。
till/until
到…… 时;直到…… 为止
The street is full of traffic from morning till/until night. 街上从早到晚车水马龙。
to
(表示两人或事物之间的关系)属于,归于,关于,对于
This is the best answer to the question. 这是这个问题的最佳答案。
向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处)
That was my first visit to Africa. 那是我对非洲的第一次访问。
到,达(某种状态)
The letter reduced her to tears. 这封信让她落泪了。
(引出接受者)给,予,向
Who did she address the letter to? 这封信是她写给谁的?
(引出受事者或受体)对于,关于
She is devoted to her family. 她深深爱着自己的家庭。
(表示态度或反应)适合,符合,致使
To my delight, his music is really to my taste. 使我高兴的是,他的音乐很合我的口味。
位于…… 方向
Shandong Province is to the northeast of Hubei Province. 山东省在湖北省的东北方。
under
在(或到、通过)…… 下面
Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm. 雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。
在…… 表面下(表示位置,其反义词为 over)
The boat lay under several feet of water. 那条船沉在水下好几英尺处。
(数量、年龄等)小于,少于
Children under 6 are admitted free. 未满 6 岁的儿童可免费入场。
由…… 控制(或管理、经营)
The work was done under the direction of an architect. 这个工程是在建筑师的指挥下完成的。
受…… 影响;由…… 造成
I've been feeling under stress lately. 我最近一直感到有压力。
在…… 过程中
The hotel is still under construction. 旅馆仍在建设中。
with
和…… 在一起,同
She lived with her mother. 她和她母亲住在一起。
带有,具有(表示从属关系)
China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
因为,由于(表示原因)
His fingers were numb with cold. 他的手指冻麻了。
用(工具、手段等)
Don't write with a pencil. 别用铅笔写。
对于,对…… 来说,关于(表示对象)
The teacher was quite satisfied with the student’s answer. 老师对这个学生的回答相当满意。
随着
With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 随着农业和工业的发展,越来越多的垃圾产生了。
考向 单项选择中的介词辨析
例1 (2025·天津和平·二模)I’m worried about him as he went directly to bed _____ hardly touching his dinner.
A.while B.before C.after D.until
例2 (24-25高三上·天津·期中)We must read between the lines, and sometimes ________ the lines to fully understand the writer.
A.within B.among C.besides D.beyond
The rapid development of AI technology has reached a stage ______ our current understanding, leaving scientists amazed by its potential.
A.within B.among C.after D.beyond
考点二 常考介词短语辨析
知识点1 介词+名词常见搭配
类型
示例
at + n.
at ease 放松,不拘束 at present 现在 at first 首先
at random 随意 at peace 和平 at risk 有危险,冒风险
by + n.
by accident/chance 偶然 by heart 凭记忆,背诵 by design 故意
by mistake 错误地 by hand 手工
in + n.
in advance 提前 in common 共同 in detail 详细地
in order 正常,妥当 in trouble 处于困境 in brief 简言之
in danger 处于危险中 in doubt 不肯定,没把握 in person 亲自
in turn 轮流;转而 in cash 用现金 in debt 负债
in fact 事实上 in public 当众
in + n. + of
in fear of 害怕 in need/want of 需要 in search of 寻找
in respect of 关于 in charge of 负责 in place of 代替
in case of 如果 in spite of 尽管 in honor/memory of 纪念
in possession of 拥有 in terms of 就…… 而言 in praise of 赞扬
on + n.
on average 平均 on duty 值班 on sale 出售
on business 出差 on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display 展览
on occasion 偶尔 on purpose 故意 on strike 在罢工
out of + n.
out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of debt 不欠债 out of sight 看不到
out of condition 身体状况不佳 out of fashion 不流行 out of work 失业
out of control 不受控制 out of order 出故障
under + n.
under attack 被攻击 under discussion 在讨论 under consideration 在考虑
under repair 在维修 under control 处于控制之下
with + n.
with difficulty 费力地 with satisfaction 满意地
with ease 轻易,毫不费劲 with pleasure 非常愿意
知识点2 名词+介词常见搭配
类型
示例
n. + for
an excuse for …… 的理由 the need for 对…… 的需要
the reason for …… 的原因 the request for 对…… 的要求
the respect for 对…… 的尊重 the talent for ……的天赋
n. + from
absence from 缺席 an escape from 从…… 逃离
n. + in
the interest in 对…… 的兴趣 progress in 在…… 方面的进步
success in 在…… 取得成功
n. + of
lack of 缺乏
n. + on
the attack on 对…… 的攻击 congratulations on 对…… 的祝贺
the dependence on 对…… 的依赖 an effect on 对…… 的影响
an impression on 对…… 的印象 an influence on 对…… 的影响
concentration on 关注
n. + to
the access to 接触…… 的机会 the answer to …… 的答案
the approach to …… 的方法 the attitude to 对…… 的态度
the home to …… 的家园 the key to …… 的关键
the solution to …… 的解决办法
知识点3 动词+名词常见搭配
类型
示例
v. + about
complain about 抱怨 learn about 了解 set about 着手做
talk about 谈论 think about 考虑 worry about 担心
v. + after
chase/run after 追赶 look after 照顾 take after (长相、举止或性格) 像
v. + at
aim at 瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at 敲
laugh at 嘲笑 shout at 冲…… 嚷 stare at 盯着
v. + for
account for (数量上) 占 apply for 申请 ask for 询问
long for 渴望 look for 寻找 pay for 为…… 付钱
seek for 寻找 search for 搜寻 stand for 代表
v. + from
differ from 与…不同 hear from 收到……的来信 suffer from 遭受
keep/prevent/stop from 阻止 learn from 向…… 学习 separate from 与…分离
v. + in
believe in 相信 fill in 填写 give in 屈服
hand in 上交 participate in 参加 result in 导致
v. + of
consist of 由…… 组成 speak of 谈到
v. + on
call on 呼吁 carry on 继续 depend/rely on 依赖
feed on 以…… 为食 insist on 坚持 reflect on 认真思考
v. + to
admit to 承认 apologize to 向…… 道歉 belong to 属于
compare to 与…… 相比 devote to 致力于 lead to 导致
refer to 指的是;谈到 stick to 坚持 turn to 求助于
v. + with
agree with 同意 argue with 与…… 争吵 communicate with 与……交流
compare with 与……相比 deal with 处理 share with 与…… 分享
v. + adv. + prep.
add up to 合计达 be made up of 由…组成
be up to 须由…决定 break away from 从…逃脱
catch up with 赶上 come out with 说出;泄露
come up with 追上;想出,提出 date back to 追溯到
do away with 废除;去掉 face up to 敢于面对
get down to 着手做 get on with 与…相处
go in for 从事 go through with 完成
grow out of 产生自;大得穿不进;年岁渐大而不再要;抛弃;戒除
keep up with 跟上 live up to 符合;不辜负
look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望
look up to 尊敬 make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍,忍受 run out of 用完;耗尽
v. + n. + prep.
catch sight of 看到 find fault with 找岔子;挑剔
have effect on 对…产生影响 keep an eye on 照看;注意
make fun of 拿…开玩笑 make a fool of 愚弄;使出丑
take delight in 以…为乐 take hold of 抓住
take pride in 以…为自豪 get rid of 摆脱;处理掉
have interest in 有兴趣 lose sight of 看不见,遗漏
make friends with 与…交友 put an end to 结束
set fire to 使燃烧 take notice of 注意到
take pity on 同情 take advantage of 利用;占…的便宜
知识点4 其他常用介词短语
类型
示例
as
as a result 结果
as a matter of fact 事实上
as follows 如下
as is known to all 众所周知
as regards 至于,关于
as a rule 通常
as far as 就… 而言
as for/to 至于,就…而言
as such 像这样的(人或物)
as yet 迄今,到目前
at
at a loss 不知所措,茫然
at ease 安逸
at length 详细地;最终
at no time 决不
at the cost of 以…为代价
at the latest 最迟
at the risk of 冒险
at the mercy of 在…的支配下
at large 在逃;一般说;随便地
at one’s (it’s)+形容词最高级 处于最…的状态
at any rate 无论如何
at liberty 随意,自由
at leisure 悠闲地,从容地
at random 任意地
at ( the) best 充其量
at the price of 以…的价格
at will 随意地
at the sound of 一听到
at the sight of 一看到
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
beyond
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond expression 无法形容
beyond question 毫无疑问
beyond imagination 无法想象
beyond one's power 超出某人能力
beyond one's control 不受某人控制
beyond compare/ comparison 无法比喻,无与伦比
beyond belief 难以直信
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond the reach of 够不着
beyond repair 无法修复
beyond that 除此之外
beyond measure 无法估计
by
by accident/ chance 偶然
by means of 通过,借助于
by and large 大体上
by all means 想方设法
by virtue of 由于,凭借
by reason of 由于,因为
by the way 顺便提及
by mistake 由于粗心大意
by agreement 经同意
by contrast 相比之下
by no means 决不,千万别
by heart 记忆,背诵
by turns 轮流
by way of 经由,取道
for
for the benefit of 为…的利益
for the purpose of 为…的目的
for the sake of 因为…的缘故
for sure/ certain 肯定,无疑
for the better 好转
for all 虽然,尽管
for fear of 生怕,以防
for short 简称
for good 永远;一劳永逸地
for the worse 恶化,变坏
in
in a word 总而言之
in case of 万一,以防
in advance 预先,提前
in brief 简言之
in common 共同的
in debt 负债
in effect 有效;实际上
in favour of 支持
in general 一般说来
in no case 决不
in a/no way 有点/决不
in person 亲自
in relation to 关于
in regard to 关于
in store 有货;有售
in that 因为,由于;在于
in turn 依次,轮流;反过来
in sight 看得见,在视野内
in comparison with/to 与…相比,与…比较
in the case of 至于
in detail 详细地
in existence 现有的;现存的
in fashion 时尚,流行
in particular 特别,尤其
in return 作为回报
in short 总之
in stock 有存货
in addition to 除…外
in contrast to 与…相比
in honor of 尊敬;纪念
in terms of 就…来说;根据
in ( the) face of 面临;不顾
in the hope of 怀着…的希望
in store for 等候,等待
in return ( for )作为对…的回才民
in the light of 根据,考虑到
in view of 鉴于;考虑到
in connection with 与…有关,关于
on
on account of 由于
on behalf of 代表
on business 因公
on holiday 度假
on leave 在休假
on that occasion 在那场合
on the air 在播送
on an/the average 平均说来
on credit 除购
on guard 警戒
on one's mind 压在心头
on purpose 故意
on the spot 在现场;当场
on sale 出售
out of
out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时
out of order 失灵;出故障
out of mind 忘却;发疯
out of range 在射程以外
out of question 不成问题
out of repair 年久失修
out of sight 看不见
out of stock 脱销
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of danger 脱离危险
out of fashion 不合时尚
out of proportion 不相称
out of place 不合适;格格不入
out of reach 够不着;力所不能及
out of the question 不可能
out of tune 走调
out of shape 走形;状态不佳
out of touch 失去联系
under
under arrest 被拘留
under control 受控制
under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中
under age 未成年(不满21 岁)
under consideration 在考虑中
under investigation 在调查中
under way 在进行中
with/
within/
without
with a light heart 愉快地
with efficiency 有效地
with one voice 一致地
within an ace of 差一点就
within oneself 在内心深处
without exception 毫无例外
without end 无止境地
with an effort 努力地
with ease 容易地
with pleasure 乐意地
within easy distance of 离…很近
within reach of 在…附近
without regard for 不顾,不考虑
without reserve 无保留地;不客气地
考向 单项选择中的介词短语辨析
例1 (24-25高三上·天津·期末)The young author is creative, energetic and full of imagination; ______, you can’t praise him too much.
A.in a word B.as a result C.in fact D.by the way
例2(2024·天津河北·二模)The author revised the second edition of her book ______ reader feedback, enriching the description with deeper character development.
A.in response to B.in memory of C.in touch with D.in possession of
1.(2024年天津二考)________ focusing on winning the approval of others, try to understand and accept yourself.
A.Because of B.Instead of C.For fear of D.In terms of
2.(2023年天津二考)China is a shining example for the global community to follow _________developing green industry to fight climate change.
A.in addition to B.in return for
C.in terms of D.in agreement with
3.(2023年天津一考)Dragon Boat Festival is held ________ Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China.
A.in honor of B.in search of
C.in the hope of D.in the face of
4.(2022年天津二考)I’m far________ and I’ll never get this report done by Friday.
A.below surface B.beyond control
C.behind schedule D.above average
1 / 1
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$$
第05讲 介词和介词短语
目录
01 1
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3
考点一 常考介词辨析 3
知识点 常考介词基本含义 3
考向 单项选择中的介词辨析 9
考点二 常考介词短语辨析 10
知识点1 介词+名词常见搭配 10
知识点2 名词+介词常见搭配 11
知识点3 动词+名词常见搭配 11
知识点4 其他常用介词短语 13
考向 单项选择中的介词短语辨析 16
04 真题溯源·考向感知 16
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
介词和介词短语
选择题
非选择题
3月,17,1.5分
3月,29,1.5分
3月,28,1.5分
6月,9,1分
6月,19,1.5分
6月,31,1.5分
3月,1,1分
3月,19,1.5分
6月,12,1分
考情分析:
分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。对介词和介词短语在高考试卷中的题型分布主要有以下几种:
单项选择:通常为1-2题。主要考查介词和介词短语的词义辨析。
完形填空:考查在语境中正确使用介词和介词短语的命题,考查介词与其他词性单词的固定搭配, 主要以隐形考查的方式出现在完形填空试题中。
复习目标:
1. 掌握介词和介词短语的基本词义;
2. 掌握介词与其他词性单词的固定搭配。
考点一 常考介词辨析
知识点 常考介词基本含义
介词
用法
示例
关于(某人或物)
What is she worried about? 她在担心什么呢?
在…… 各处
He looked about the hall but saw nobody. 他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。
above
(数目、重要性、水平、年龄)超过,多于
The stone weighs above one ton. 这块石头重一吨多。
I rate her above most other players. 我认为她优于大多数参赛者。
在(或向)…… 上面
The whole sky above us is filled with stars. 我们上方的整个天空布满了星星。
against
紧靠;倚;撞
He stood with his back against the wall. 他背靠墙站着。
The rain beat against the windows. 雨点击打着窗户。
逆;反对(与 for 意义相反);违反
I don't know whether he is for or against it. 我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。
与…… 竞争
We'll be competing against some of the best companies. 我们要和一些一流公司竞争。
以防
They have got prepared against flood. 他们已经做好了防洪准备。
衬托;以…… 为背景
Flowers look better against green leaves. 花在绿叶的衬托下更好看。
对…… 不利
The evidence is against him. 证据对他不利。
as
作为,当作
Don't treat me as a child. 别把我当小孩看待。
at
在(某处)
They arrived late at the airport. 他们晚到了机场。
处于…… 状态
The two countries are at war. 两国正在交战。
在(某时间或时刻)
A woman came in just at that moment. 就在那时一位妇女进来了。
在…… 岁时
He left school at the age of 16. 他 16 岁便离开了学校。
(用于速度、比率等)以,达
The train runs at about 120 miles per hour. 火车以每小时大约 120 英里的速度行驶。
(与动词连用)对,向,朝(目标、方向)
He aimed at the target. 他瞄准目标。
Don't laugh at me! 不要嘲笑我!
(与形容词连用,表示能力)在…… 方面
She is good at playing the piano. 她擅长弹钢琴。
beyond
(时间)晚于,迟于
Don't stay out beyond midnight. 不要在外面待到午夜以后。
(位置)在(或向)…… 较远的一边
The small village is 20 miles beyond the town. 那个小村庄在城外 20 英里处。
非…… 所能及;超出…… 之外
This book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
by
在…… 旁边,靠近(与 beside 意义相近)
Harry is standing by the window. 哈里正站在窗户旁边。
Come and sit by me. 过来坐在我身边。
(表示方法、手段)用,靠;通过,借助于
He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他以卖报为生。
travel by boat 乘船
依据;按照
It is eight o'clock by my watch. 我的表是 8 点。
与 the 连用,表示时间或量度单位
They are paid by the day. 他们按天计酬。
(表示时间)在…… 之前,不迟于
Can you return the book by Monday? 星期一之前你能还书吗?
经过
He walked by me without speaking. 他一言不发地从我身边走过。
(置于不带 the 的名词前,表示原因)由于
They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。
He took my book by mistake. 他错拿了我的书。
(常置于表示被动的动词后,表示施事者)被,由
The book was written by an American writer. 这本书是一位美国作家写的。
表示程度、数量
It needs to be longer by two feet. 它需要再长两英尺。
表示触及或抓住人或物的某部位
I took him by the hand. 我拉着他的手。
for
为了
What can I do for you? 有什么事我可以为你效劳?
对,给(表示用途、对象等)
There's a letter for you. 有你一封信。
向,往(表示去向)
The train is for Beijing. 这列火车开往北京。
计,达(表示一段时间、距离)
The weather has been cold for a week. 整整一个星期,天气一直很冷。
We walked for miles. 我们走了好几英里路。
以…… 的价钱
I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars. 我花五美元买了一本词典。
支持,拥护(反义词为 against)
No one is for the proposal. 没有人支持这项提议。
因为,由于
He was praised for his good deeds. 他因做好事而受到表扬。
当作
What did you have for lunch? 你午饭吃的什么?
就…… 而言
It is warm for March. 就 3 月份而言,这天气算是暖和的了。
对于(表示陈述或问题的对象)
Doing exercise is good for our health. 做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。
from
(表示起点、来源)自,从,来自……
She got a letter from her mother. 她收到了她母亲的来信。
(表示开始的时间)从…… 开始
We're open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. 我们从早 8 点至晚 7 点营业。
(表示原因)因为,由于
She felt tired from a whole day's work. 她工作了一整天,感到累了。
(表示距离)离
How far is your hometown from here? 你的家乡离这儿多远?
(表示所用的原料)由……(制成)
Wine can be made from rice. 大米可以酿酒。
(表示防止)使免遭,使免受
These books were saved from damage. 这些书没有遭到破坏。
(表示进行判断的原因)根据,从…… 来看
Judging from his pronunciation, he is an Englishman. 从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。
(区别二者时用)与……(不同)
I can't tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
in
在(某段时间)内
I'm getting forgetful in my old age. 我现在上了年纪,变得健忘了。
在(某段时间)之后
It will be ready in a week's time. 需要一周就会准备好。
在(某处)
He intended to take a holiday in America. 他打算在美国度假。
穿着;戴着
All the children were dressed in their best clothes. 所有孩子都穿着他们最好的衣服。
表示状态或状况
I must put my affairs in order. 我必须整理好我的事务。
表示使用的语言、材料等
I paid in cash. 我用现金支付的。
关于;在…… 方面
She was not lacking in courage. 她并不缺乏勇气。
of
(表示所属关系)…… 的
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
表示同位关系
The city of Beijing is very beautiful. 北京市很美丽。
表示计量、时间或年龄
He is just a boy of ten. 他只是个 10 岁的男孩。
表示出身、原材料
The ring is made of gold. 这枚戒指是金子做的。
表示原因
He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。
后接抽象名词,表示性质或特征(of + 抽象名词相当于形容词)
I hope this book will be of value to students. 我希望这本书对学生们有帮助。
on
在…… 上(尤指在某物的表面上)
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在书桌上
用于说明活动或状态
She is still on holiday. 她仍在休假。
关于,涉及
He will give a talk on the economic situation. 他将做一个关于经济形势的报告。
按照
You should act on his advice. 你应该按照他的建议行事。
使用……,通过……
They spoke on the telephone. 他们通过电话谈了谈。
(身上)带着,有
Have you got any money on you? 你带钱了没有?
在(某时间)
on the morning of May 12 在 5 月 12 日的早晨
over
悬在…… 上面
They held an umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把伞。
多于(某时间、数量、花费等)
There are over twenty students in the classroom. 教室里有 20 多个学生。
到处,各处
The news spread all over the country. 那则消息传遍了全国。
利用,通过(无线电、电话等)
He learned English over the radio. 他通过收音机学英语。
在…… 期间
We will discuss it over lunch. 我们将在吃午饭时商量此事。
(部分或全部覆盖)在…… 上面
She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。
从一边到另一边(表示动作方向)
He can climb over the wall. 他能够翻过那堵墙。
than
(用以引出比较的第二部分)比
I'm older than her. 我比她年龄大。
till/until
到…… 时;直到…… 为止
The street is full of traffic from morning till/until night. 街上从早到晚车水马龙。
to
(表示两人或事物之间的关系)属于,归于,关于,对于
This is the best answer to the question. 这是这个问题的最佳答案。
向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处)
That was my first visit to Africa. 那是我对非洲的第一次访问。
到,达(某种状态)
The letter reduced her to tears. 这封信让她落泪了。
(引出接受者)给,予,向
Who did she address the letter to? 这封信是她写给谁的?
(引出受事者或受体)对于,关于
She is devoted to her family. 她深深爱着自己的家庭。
(表示态度或反应)适合,符合,致使
To my delight, his music is really to my taste. 使我高兴的是,他的音乐很合我的口味。
位于…… 方向
Shandong Province is to the northeast of Hubei Province. 山东省在湖北省的东北方。
under
在(或到、通过)…… 下面
Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm. 雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。
在…… 表面下(表示位置,其反义词为 over)
The boat lay under several feet of water. 那条船沉在水下好几英尺处。
(数量、年龄等)小于,少于
Children under 6 are admitted free. 未满 6 岁的儿童可免费入场。
由…… 控制(或管理、经营)
The work was done under the direction of an architect. 这个工程是在建筑师的指挥下完成的。
受…… 影响;由…… 造成
I've been feeling under stress lately. 我最近一直感到有压力。
在…… 过程中
The hotel is still under construction. 旅馆仍在建设中。
with
和…… 在一起,同
She lived with her mother. 她和她母亲住在一起。
带有,具有(表示从属关系)
China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
因为,由于(表示原因)
His fingers were numb with cold. 他的手指冻麻了。
用(工具、手段等)
Don't write with a pencil. 别用铅笔写。
对于,对…… 来说,关于(表示对象)
The teacher was quite satisfied with the student’s answer. 老师对这个学生的回答相当满意。
随着
With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 随着农业和工业的发展,越来越多的垃圾产生了。
考向 单项选择中的介词辨析
例1 (2025·天津和平·二模)I’m worried about him as he went directly to bed _____ hardly touching his dinner.
A.while B.before C.after D.until
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:我很担心他,因为他几乎没吃晚饭就直接上床睡觉了。A. while当……时候;B. before在……之前;C. after在……之后;D. until直到。“went directly to bed”发生在 “hardly touching his dinner”之后,这里表示他几乎没吃晚饭后就直接去睡觉了,用after符合句意。故选C。
例2 (24-25高三上·天津·期中)We must read between the lines, and sometimes ________ the lines to fully understand the writer.
A.within B.among C.besides D.beyond
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:我们必须读言外之意,有时还要读言外之意,才能完全理解作者的意思。A. within在……之内;B. among在……当中;C. besides此外;D. beyond超出(范围)。由“the lines to fully understand the writer”可知,句子表示“我们必须读言外之意,有时还要读言外之意,才能完全理解作者的意思”,空格处意为“超出(范围)”,故选D。
The rapid development of AI technology has reached a stage ______ our current understanding, leaving scientists amazed by its potential.
A.within B.among C.after D.beyond
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:AI技术的快速发展已达到超出我们当前认知的阶段,其潜力让科学家惊叹不已。A. within在……之内;B. among在……当中;C. after在……之后;D. beyond超出(范围)。后半句的 “leaving scientists amazed”(让科学家惊叹)与句意相符,符合语境。故选D项。
考点二 常考介词短语辨析
知识点1 介词+名词常见搭配
类型
示例
at + n.
at ease 放松,不拘束 at present 现在 at first 首先
at random 随意 at peace 和平 at risk 有危险,冒风险
by + n.
by accident/chance 偶然 by heart 凭记忆,背诵 by design 故意
by mistake 错误地 by hand 手工
in + n.
in advance 提前 in common 共同 in detail 详细地
in order 正常,妥当 in trouble 处于困境 in brief 简言之
in danger 处于危险中 in doubt 不肯定,没把握 in person 亲自
in turn 轮流;转而 in cash 用现金 in debt 负债
in fact 事实上 in public 当众
in + n. + of
in fear of 害怕 in need/want of 需要 in search of 寻找
in respect of 关于 in charge of 负责 in place of 代替
in case of 如果 in spite of 尽管 in honor/memory of 纪念
in possession of 拥有 in terms of 就…… 而言 in praise of 赞扬
on + n.
on average 平均 on duty 值班 on sale 出售
on business 出差 on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display 展览
on occasion 偶尔 on purpose 故意 on strike 在罢工
out of + n.
out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of debt 不欠债 out of sight 看不到
out of condition 身体状况不佳 out of fashion 不流行 out of work 失业
out of control 不受控制 out of order 出故障
under + n.
under attack 被攻击 under discussion 在讨论 under consideration 在考虑
under repair 在维修 under control 处于控制之下
with + n.
with difficulty 费力地 with satisfaction 满意地
with ease 轻易,毫不费劲 with pleasure 非常愿意
知识点2 名词+介词常见搭配
类型
示例
n. + for
an excuse for …… 的理由 the need for 对…… 的需要
the reason for …… 的原因 the request for 对…… 的要求
the respect for 对…… 的尊重 the talent for ……的天赋
n. + from
absence from 缺席 an escape from 从…… 逃离
n. + in
the interest in 对…… 的兴趣 progress in 在…… 方面的进步
success in 在…… 取得成功
n. + of
lack of 缺乏
n. + on
the attack on 对…… 的攻击 congratulations on 对…… 的祝贺
the dependence on 对…… 的依赖 an effect on 对…… 的影响
an impression on 对…… 的印象 an influence on 对…… 的影响
concentration on 关注
n. + to
the access to 接触…… 的机会 the answer to …… 的答案
the approach to …… 的方法 the attitude to 对…… 的态度
the home to …… 的家园 the key to …… 的关键
the solution to …… 的解决办法
知识点3 动词+名词常见搭配
类型
示例
v. + about
complain about 抱怨 learn about 了解 set about 着手做
talk about 谈论 think about 考虑 worry about 担心
v. + after
chase/run after 追赶 look after 照顾 take after (长相、举止或性格) 像
v. + at
aim at 瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at 敲
laugh at 嘲笑 shout at 冲…… 嚷 stare at 盯着
v. + for
account for (数量上) 占 apply for 申请 ask for 询问
long for 渴望 look for 寻找 pay for 为…… 付钱
seek for 寻找 search for 搜寻 stand for 代表
v. + from
differ from 与…不同 hear from 收到……的来信 suffer from 遭受
keep/prevent/stop from 阻止 learn from 向…… 学习 separate from 与…分离
v. + in
believe in 相信 fill in 填写 give in 屈服
hand in 上交 participate in 参加 result in 导致
v. + of
consist of 由…… 组成 speak of 谈到
v. + on
call on 呼吁 carry on 继续 depend/rely on 依赖
feed on 以…… 为食 insist on 坚持 reflect on 认真思考
v. + to
admit to 承认 apologize to 向…… 道歉 belong to 属于
compare to 与…… 相比 devote to 致力于 lead to 导致
refer to 指的是;谈到 stick to 坚持 turn to 求助于
v. + with
agree with 同意 argue with 与…… 争吵 communicate with 与……交流
compare with 与……相比 deal with 处理 share with 与…… 分享
v. + adv. + prep.
add up to 合计达 be made up of 由…组成
be up to 须由…决定 break away from 从…逃脱
catch up with 赶上 come out with 说出;泄露
come up with 追上;想出,提出 date back to 追溯到
do away with 废除;去掉 face up to 敢于面对
get down to 着手做 get on with 与…相处
go in for 从事 go through with 完成
grow out of 产生自;大得穿不进;年岁渐大而不再要;抛弃;戒除
keep up with 跟上 live up to 符合;不辜负
look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望
look up to 尊敬 make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍,忍受 run out of 用完;耗尽
v. + n. + prep.
catch sight of 看到 find fault with 找岔子;挑剔
have effect on 对…产生影响 keep an eye on 照看;注意
make fun of 拿…开玩笑 make a fool of 愚弄;使出丑
take delight in 以…为乐 take hold of 抓住
take pride in 以…为自豪 get rid of 摆脱;处理掉
have interest in 有兴趣 lose sight of 看不见,遗漏
make friends with 与…交友 put an end to 结束
set fire to 使燃烧 take notice of 注意到
take pity on 同情 take advantage of 利用;占…的便宜
知识点4 其他常用介词短语
类型
示例
as
as a result 结果
as a matter of fact 事实上
as follows 如下
as is known to all 众所周知
as regards 至于,关于
as a rule 通常
as far as 就… 而言
as for/to 至于,就…而言
as such 像这样的(人或物)
as yet 迄今,到目前
at
at a loss 不知所措,茫然
at ease 安逸
at length 详细地;最终
at no time 决不
at the cost of 以…为代价
at the latest 最迟
at the risk of 冒险
at the mercy of 在…的支配下
at large 在逃;一般说;随便地
at one’s (it’s)+形容词最高级 处于最…的状态
at any rate 无论如何
at liberty 随意,自由
at leisure 悠闲地,从容地
at random 任意地
at ( the) best 充其量
at the price of 以…的价格
at will 随意地
at the sound of 一听到
at the sight of 一看到
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
beyond
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond expression 无法形容
beyond question 毫无疑问
beyond imagination 无法想象
beyond one's power 超出某人能力
beyond one's control 不受某人控制
beyond compare/ comparison 无法比喻,无与伦比
beyond belief 难以直信
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond the reach of 够不着
beyond repair 无法修复
beyond that 除此之外
beyond measure 无法估计
by
by accident/ chance 偶然
by means of 通过,借助于
by and large 大体上
by all means 想方设法
by virtue of 由于,凭借
by reason of 由于,因为
by the way 顺便提及
by mistake 由于粗心大意
by agreement 经同意
by contrast 相比之下
by no means 决不,千万别
by heart 记忆,背诵
by turns 轮流
by way of 经由,取道
for
for the benefit of 为…的利益
for the purpose of 为…的目的
for the sake of 因为…的缘故
for sure/ certain 肯定,无疑
for the better 好转
for all 虽然,尽管
for fear of 生怕,以防
for short 简称
for good 永远;一劳永逸地
for the worse 恶化,变坏
in
in a word 总而言之
in case of 万一,以防
in advance 预先,提前
in brief 简言之
in common 共同的
in debt 负债
in effect 有效;实际上
in favour of 支持
in general 一般说来
in no case 决不
in a/no way 有点/决不
in person 亲自
in relation to 关于
in regard to 关于
in store 有货;有售
in that 因为,由于;在于
in turn 依次,轮流;反过来
in sight 看得见,在视野内
in comparison with/to 与…相比,与…比较
in the case of 至于
in detail 详细地
in existence 现有的;现存的
in fashion 时尚,流行
in particular 特别,尤其
in return 作为回报
in short 总之
in stock 有存货
in addition to 除…外
in contrast to 与…相比
in honor of 尊敬;纪念
in terms of 就…来说;根据
in ( the) face of 面临;不顾
in the hope of 怀着…的希望
in store for 等候,等待
in return ( for )作为对…的回才民
in the light of 根据,考虑到
in view of 鉴于;考虑到
in connection with 与…有关,关于
on
on account of 由于
on behalf of 代表
on business 因公
on holiday 度假
on leave 在休假
on that occasion 在那场合
on the air 在播送
on an/the average 平均说来
on credit 除购
on guard 警戒
on one's mind 压在心头
on purpose 故意
on the spot 在现场;当场
on sale 出售
out of
out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时
out of order 失灵;出故障
out of mind 忘却;发疯
out of range 在射程以外
out of question 不成问题
out of repair 年久失修
out of sight 看不见
out of stock 脱销
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of danger 脱离危险
out of fashion 不合时尚
out of proportion 不相称
out of place 不合适;格格不入
out of reach 够不着;力所不能及
out of the question 不可能
out of tune 走调
out of shape 走形;状态不佳
out of touch 失去联系
under
under arrest 被拘留
under control 受控制
under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中
under age 未成年(不满21 岁)
under consideration 在考虑中
under investigation 在调查中
under way 在进行中
with/
within/
without
with a light heart 愉快地
with efficiency 有效地
with one voice 一致地
within an ace of 差一点就
within oneself 在内心深处
without exception 毫无例外
without end 无止境地
with an effort 努力地
with ease 容易地
with pleasure 乐意地
within easy distance of 离…很近
within reach of 在…附近
without regard for 不顾,不考虑
without reserve 无保留地;不客气地
考向 单项选择中的介词短语辨析
例1 (24-25高三上·天津·期末)The young author is creative, energetic and full of imagination; ______, you can’t praise him too much.
A.in a word B.as a result C.in fact D.by the way
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这位年轻的作者富有创造力,精力充沛,想象力丰富;总之,你再怎么称赞他也不为过。A. in a word总之;B. as a result因此;C. in fact实际上;D. by the way顺便说一下。根据后文“you can’t praise him too much”指这位年轻的作者富有创造力,精力充沛,想象力丰富;总之,你再怎么称赞他也不为过。故选A。
例2(2024·天津河北·二模)The author revised the second edition of her book ______ reader feedback, enriching the description with deeper character development.
A.in response to B.in memory of C.in touch with D.in possession of
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:作者根据读者的反馈修改了她的第二版,用更深层次的人物发展丰富了描述。A. in response to作为回应;B. in memory of为纪念;C. in touch with接触;D. in possession of拥有。根据后文“reader feedback”可知,指作者用修改第二版回应了读者的反馈。故选A。
1.(2024年天津二考)________ focusing on winning the approval of others, try to understand and accept yourself.
A.Because of B.Instead of C.For fear of D.In terms of
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:不要执着于赢得他人的认可,而是要努力理解和接受自己。A. Because of 由于;B. Instead of 代替、而不是;C. For fear of 担心;D. In terms of 就……而言。根据“try to understand and accept yourself.”可知,不要执着于赢得他人的认可,而是努力理解和接受自己。故选B项。
2.(2023年天津二考)China is a shining example for the global community to follow _________developing green industry to fight climate change.
A.in addition to B.in return for
C.in terms of D.in agreement with
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:中国是国际社会发展绿色产业应对气候变化的光辉榜样。A. in additon to除……之外;B. in return for作为……的回报;C.in terms of就……而言;从……方面(说来);D. in agreement with同意,与……一致。根据语意,中国在发展绿色产业应对气候变化方面来说是光辉的榜样。故选C。
3.(2023年天津一考)Dragon Boat Festival is held ________ Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China.
A.in honor of B.in search of
C.in the hope of D.in the face of
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:端午节是为了纪念中国古代著名诗人屈原而举行的。A. in honor of为了纪念;B. in search of寻找;C. in the hope of希望;D. in the face of面对。由上文“Dragon Boat Festival is held”和下文“Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China.”可知,端午节是为了纪念中国古代著名诗人屈原,“为了纪念”为固定搭配in honor of,故选A。
4.(2022年天津二考)I’m far________ and I’ll never get this report done by Friday.
A.below surface B.beyond control
C.behind schedule D.above average
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我远远落后于预定计划,我将无法在星期五之前完成这份报告。A. below surface地表以下;B. beyond control无法控制;C. behind schedule落后于预定计划;D. above average高于平均水平。根据句中“I’ll never get this report done by Friday”可知,我无法在星期五之前完成这份报告,由此可知,我远远落后于预定计划,“behind schedule”意为“落后于预定计划”,符合语境。故选C项。
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