课时作业(30) 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(三十) 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·福建漳州模拟)Raised in Jacksonville，a small town in North Carolina，Christina Koch always knew she wanted to be an astronaut.This dream began as early as kindergarten，during a time when spaceflight was dominated by men.“Fortunately，when I told my kindergarten teachers that I wanted to be an astronaut they supported me.No one told me that it was unattainable.And whether it was my own hard­headedness or that encouragement，I did go full forward into pursuing my dream to become an astronaut，” she says. Koch found inspiration in pioneers like Sally Ride and Mae Jemison，but also in everyday heroes—from civil rights activists to her independent grandmother.These examples，along with her family's emphasis on hard work，instilled in her the courage to chase her dreams. Koch studied physics and electrical engineering before joining NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Center，where she contributed to the development of scientific instruments on several space missions.Driven by a thirst for adventure，she spent a year in Antarctica's tough environment and then in other remote locations like Greenland.Unsurprisingly，she cited photography，travel，camping and climbing among her hobbies. The ultimate fulfillment(实现) of her dream came in 2013，when she was selected as an astronaut，joining a groundbreaking class with an equal number of men and women.Previously，women comprised only 17% of NASA's astronauts.After completing training in 2015，she was assigned her first long­stay mission on the International Space Station(ISS).Her success is undeniable.As part of the Artemis Ⅱ mission，scheduled for 2025，she'll travel further than any human since Apollo，an evidence of her constant ambition. Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges.“Do what scares you，” she advises，“because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions.”Besides，Koch also says that there's one that should never be forgotten：“Support the people around you.Make sure that you're thinking about the success of those around you，that you're helping them，and together we all will achieve as much as we possibly can.” 1．What initially motivated Koch to become an astronaut? A．Her desire to push herself to the limit. B．Her early enthusiasm in space exploration. C．Her wish to reward her kindergarten teachers. D．Her ambition to change the position of women astronauts. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Koch invented some scientific devices. B．Koch set a record for the longest spaceflight. C．Various hobbies prepared Koch for adventure. D．Role models impacted Koch greatly in her life journey. 3．What does Koch's advice indicate? A．Seeking support is crucial for dream chasers. B．Being kind to others is the stepstone to success. C．Welcoming challenges leads to personal growth. D．Working tirelessly is key to overcoming barriers. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Christina Koch：An Explorer of Nature B．Christina Koch：A Dream Pursuer to Space C．Christina Koch：A Role Model from Jacksonville D．Christina Koch：A Distinguished Female Scientist 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章以克里斯蒂娜·科赫的个人事迹为例，鼓舞人们追随梦想，迎接挑战，并鼓励身边的人。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Raised in Jacksonville ...when spaceflight was dominated by men.”可知，科赫早期对太空探索的热情激励她成为一名宇航员。故选B。 2．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在科赫的人生旅途中，榜样对她的影响很大。故选D。 3．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges.‘Do what scares you，’ she advises，‘because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions.’”可知，科赫的建议表明，迎接挑战能促进个人成长。故选C。 4．B　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是克里斯蒂娜·科赫追逐梦想的故事，她将在2025年的阿耳忒弥斯2号任务中飞得更远，实现自己的雄心壮志。因此“克里斯蒂娜·科赫：太空追梦者”适合作为本文标题。故选B。 B (2025·吉林长春模拟)In a heart­pounding display of courage and quick thinking，a 65­year­old crane operator became an unexpected hero as he rescued a man trapped on top of a towering building engulfed in flames. Glen Edwards，a crane operator from Egham，was expressing his gratitude after a tense rescue operation in Reading last Thursday.Edwards found himself in a challenging situation as he navigated circling winds to save a man trapped by smoke and flames on a building.The dramatic rescue unfolded amid thick black smoke，making visibility nearly impossible. Edwards，who had a concrete skip on his crane when the alarm sounded，wasted no time the moment he spotted the distressed man waving his coat.Employing his experience and knowledge of the area，Edwards attached a metal cage to the crane，carefully considering his options for the rescue.However，the challenging conditions，with smoke obscuring(遮掩) his view，added an extra layer of difficulty to the operation. With a colleague providing guidance and a concerned crowd watching from below，Edwards skillfully operated the crane to rescue the man.The onlookers erupted in cheers and applause as the man was safely lifted to the ground. Reflecting on the intense experience，Edwards remarked，“It seemed to pass a long time until the man got inside.The adrenaline(肾上腺素) was pumping.” He admitted to experiencing shaking after the rescue，emphasizing the gravity of the situation. Despite the successful operation，Edwards is yet to meet the man he saved，humorously noting，“He's got to take me across the road for a drink！” The heartwarming part of this story is the overwhelming support Edwards has received from well­wishers.A fund­raising page was set up to “buy Edwards a beer as a sign of gratitude”， initially aiming for ￡5，000 but now standing at an impressive ￡9，100.The community's response has left Edwards deeply moved.He stated，“It means a lot; some of the comments have been absolutely fantastic.” 5．What does the underlined word “distressed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Brave. B．Painful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Disappointed. 6．Which of the following can best describe Edwards? A．Warm and curious. B．Caring and ambitious. C．Professional and humorous. D．Gifted and generous. 7．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Sharp tools make good work. B．One good turn deserves another. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst. 8．What is the text probably taken from? A．A diary entry.　　 B．A medical magazine. C．A news report. D．A first­aid essay. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了起重机操作员Glen Edwards拯救了一名被困在失火大楼楼顶的男子，后来他自己也得到了人们的捐款和大力支持的故事。 5．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据前两段内容可知，这名男子被困在火中。结合常识可知，被困在火中的人会感觉痛苦，故画线词distressed表示“痛苦的”，与painful意义相近。故选B。 6．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Employing his experience ...his options for the rescue.”、第四段中的Edwards skillfully operated the crane to rescue the man以及第六段内容可知，Edwards具备专业技能，并且具有幽默感。故选C。 7．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，做了好事的Edwards得到了人们的捐款和大力支持。由此可知，好人有好报。故选B。 8．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Glen Edwards，a crane operator from Egham，was expressing his gratitude after a tense rescue operation in Reading last Thursday.”并结合文章内容可知，本文讲述了起重机操作员Glen Edwards拯救了一名被困在失火大楼楼顶的男子，后来他自己也得到了人们的捐款和大力支持的故事。由此可知，文章出自一篇新闻报道。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025·湖北高中名校联盟四模) Strategies to Overcome Self­Doubt Once and for All Being self­confident is not easy and not everyone can do it，but it doesn't need to be that difficult.1.______ Going through life can be very challenging at times.When we were young，no one told us how hard it will be in the future but here we are.2.______ And it is unpleasing and can kill your confidence levels if not controlled from the beginning. We will all experience some self­doubt，which is natural.3.______ It happens to us during normal days or whenever we are going to start a new job，a new task，or a new relationship，anything new in life will make you self­doubt.This sort of feeling puts you into dark days when nothing seems to go right and you might feel like giving up，and that is the time to be strong. 4．______ Self­doubt is when you are unsure about one or more aspects of yourself.For example，when starting a new job，you might feel inexperienced or might think that you are not fit enough for the job，and this is a prime example of self­doubt. 5．______ Low­level of self­criticism is actually good for you.It motivates you and pushes you to be better in life，to become greater than yesterday.This type of feeling will push you to work harder and faster than before and will also increase your productivity，but it should be a low level of self­criticism.You don't want to punish yourself over things that are beyond your control. A．We needn't take it seriously. B．It's impossible for us to deal with it. C．One of the big problems of adult life is having self­doubt. D．Self­doubt isn't all that bad，let us tell you why. E．Let's explore to find ways to remove self­doubt forever. F．It will take long for us to solve this problem. G．There are some people mistaking self­doubt for something else. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自信并不容易，不是每个人都能做到，但也没有那么困难。本文作者向我们介绍了一劳永逸地克服自我怀疑的策略。 1．E　[解析]根据标题Strategies to Overcome Self­Doubt Once and for All和上文“Being self­confident is not easy and not everyone can do it，but it doesn't need to be that difficult.”可知，下一句应该是怎样做到自信这一点。E选项“让我们一起探索永远消除自我怀疑的方法”切题，同时也是一个引起下文的句子。故选E。 2．C　[解析]根据标题Strategies to Overcome Self­Doubt Once and for All和上文“When we were young，no one told us how hard it will be in the future but here we are.”可知，本空应该说明成年人面临的问题，即“自我怀疑”；下文“And it is unpleasing and can kill your confidence levels if not controlled from the beginning.”中的 it也是指“自我怀疑”，C选项“成年人生活中的一个大问题是自我怀疑”切题。故选C。 3．A　[解析]根据上文“We will all experience some self­doubt，which is natural.”可知，自我怀疑是很正常的事情；下文是对“自我怀疑不算大事”的进一步说明，A选项“我们没必要把它当回事儿”承上启下。故选A。 4．G　[解析]根据下文“Self­doubt is when you are unsure about one or more aspects of yourself.”可知，下文以“什么是真正的自我怀疑”来对上文给予驳斥，因此上文是关于对自我怀疑的错误看法。G选项“有些人把自我怀疑错当成了别的东西”切题。故选G。 5．D　[解析]根据下文“Low­level of self­criticism is actually good for you.It motivates you and pushes you to be better in life，to become greater than yesterday.”可知，自我怀疑并不那么糟糕，也有好处。D选项“自我怀疑并没有那么糟糕，让我们来告诉你为什么”切题，引出下文。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·山西太原模拟)A total of 99 traditional culture enthusiasts，mostly in their 20s and 30s，1.__________(gather) at the television show Yellow River Culture Competition，where they provided a youthful interpretation of the 2.__________(country) “mother river”，according to a meeting recently 3.__________(hold) in Beijing. Initiated by Shandong Radio and Television Station in 4.__________(associate) with eight other provinces and regions along the banks of the Yellow River，the show adopted multiple formats to combine competitions and performances，such as singing folk songs and 5.__________(recite) poetry，to promote the history and culture of the civilizations that have thrived(繁荣) along the river for thousands of years. The show invited four famous 6.__________(scholar)，namely Kang Zhen，Meng Man，Li Bo and Yang Yu，as guest celebrities，sharing lesser­known knowledge about the historic moments 7.__________ have been part of Yellow River's cultures. Meng Man，a professor at the Minzu University of China，quoted some of 8.__________ most famous poems featuring the Yellow River in ancient China.“The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and the 9.__________(spirit) source of Chinese civilization.Through this program，the audience can not only have a deep understanding 10.__________ the history of the Yellow River，but also take a close look at the happy life of the people living along its banks，” she added. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了关于《黄河文化大会》电视节目的情况，包括其参与人员、节目形式、受邀学者以及节目意义等。 1．gathered　[解析]考查动词的时态。结合本文内容和时态可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态使用一般过去时。故填gathered。 2．country's　[解析]考查名词所有格。修饰mother river须用形容词，表示“祖国的母亲河”，应用名词所有格country's。故填country's。 3．held　[解析]考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为gathered，此处hold为非谓语动词，且与meeting是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰meeting。故填held。 4．association　[解析]考查名词。in association with为固定搭配，意为“与……联合/合作”。故填association。 5．reciting　[解析]考查非谓语动词。recite与singing并列，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填reciting。 6．scholars　[解析]考查名词的数。根据空前的four可知，须用scholar的复数形式scholars。故填scholars。 7．that/which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词moments，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 8．the　[解析]考查冠词。形容词最高级most famous前应用定冠词the。故填the。 9．spiritual　[解析]考查形容词。此处修饰名词source“来源”，应使用spirit的形容词形式作定语，spiritual意为“精神的”。故填spiritual。 10．of　[解析]考查介词。固定搭配have a deep understanding of意为“深刻理解”。故填of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$