课时作业(13) 必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(十三)　必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·辽宁大连模拟)Most people suffer from “just­me­ism”．What is that？Well，say you leave the tap running while brushing your teeth，or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.You know all those things are wrong，but so what？“What difference can it possibly make？” you say to yourself.“There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me.” But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves，“It doesn't matter.It's just me.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who's the world's best­known expert on chimpanzees.Besides her research，she has been whole­heartedly committed to environmental protection. The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in. Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag its tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？One cheered­up person，one happy dog，one flowering plant，and you.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that every individual matters.You get to choose：Do you want to make the world a better place？Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart？Do you want to be part of a community for a shared future？You cannot be absent. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons for “just­me­ism”． B．The negative effects of “just­me­ism”． C．The definition of “just­me­ism”． D．The sufferings of people with “just­me­ism”． 2．How does Roots & Shoots help protect the environment? A．By appealing for experts' devotion. B．By explaining the origin of the organization. C．By enhancing young people's academic skills. D．By motivating the youth to make a difference. 3．Why does the author give the examples in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate the value of each individual. B．To demonstrate the significance of teamwork. C．To make a comment about some acts of kindness. D．To inspire young people to reflect on wrongdoings. 4．What does the author suggest people do? A．Join Roots & Shoots. B．Break open walls. C．Resolve world issues. D．Pull their own weight. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Roots & Shoots组织，该组织强调了每个人都很重要，每个人的小善举都能让世界变得更美好，鼓励年轻人为了环境、动物和社区采取行动，共同创造一个美好的未来。 1．B　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves，‘It doesn't matter.It's just me.’ Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful.”可知，第一段主要讲的是“唯我主义”的负面影响。 2．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s”可推知，Roots & Shoots通过激励年轻人做出改变来帮助保护环境。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One cheered­up person，one happy dog，one flowering plant，and you.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that every individual matters.”可推知，作者在最后一段给出这些例子是为了说明每个人的价值。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Do you want to make the world a better place？Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart？Do you want to be part of a community for a shared future？You cannot be absent.”可推知，作者建议人们尽自己的一份力来让世界变得更好。 B (2025·江西萍乡实验学校测试)Imagine sitting there sipping coffee when suddenly you see someone about to die.What would you do？On Dec.26，Gelinne，60，was staring out of his house in Edgewater，Maryland，at frozen Beards Creek when his daughter Aimee spotted the_Piper_Cherokee．“Look！” she cried.Gelinne looked up just in time to see a small aircraft a few hundred yards away，losing altitude. As the plane disappeared behind the trees，Gelinne，a former Navy commander and current cybersecurity expert realized it was going to land in the creek(小溪).He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier：Sept.11，2001.Gelinne was at work in the Pentagon in Washington，D．C．，when terrorists crashed a jet into the building.He fled the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.“To the right was the crisis，and to the left was escape.I don't even know if I could've gone right，but I went left，” he recalled. On this day，Gelinne didn't hesitate.He ran down to the waterfront.The plane had skidded (打滑) to a stop on the broad，frozen creek，far from shore.It was now sinking.The pilot was standing on the wing.Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot.He tested the ice with his foot and decided not to risk walking on it.Then he and his son，John Jr.，37，pulled out two kayaks(橡皮船). The kayaks' paddles(桨) proved too flimsy，so the pair tried using shovels(铲) to push the boats along.It was exhausting.When Gelinne reached the plane，it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible.The pilot was standing on a tail wing，submerged(浸没) up to his chest，surrounded by open water.Gelinne nudged(轻推) his kayak off the ice and into the water，paddling toward the pilot and thinking，“What if he panics？What if I flip(翻)？” With his son nearby，Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm，joking，“Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the kayak's bow.Now the three men were floating together.By now，a police officer had arrived and radioed for help.A boat from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources appeared，breaking through ice as it arrived.It picked up the pilot，Steve Couchman，71，and sent him to be treated for minor injuries.Later the boat returned to help Gelinne，now exhausted to shore while John Jr.made his own way back. “I'm 60 years old，” Gelinne says.“There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still，he was satisfied he'd gone the right way that day. 5．What do the underlined words “the_Piper_Cherokee” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The pilot. B．The kayak. C．The rescue team. D．The sinking aircraft. 6．What did Gelinne regret about Sept.11，2001? A．He escaped from the scene. B．He helped handle the chaos. C．He fought against the terrorists. D．He stayed inside to save the injured. 7．Which of the following can best describe Gelinne? A．Honest and ambitious. B．Professional and dedicated. C．Humorous and calm. D．Helpful and selfless. 8．Why Gelinne was satisfied in the last paragraph? A．He dialed 911 immediately. B．He didn't hesitate to escape from the ice. C．He decided to treat Steve for minor injuries. D．He chose to deal with the crisis bravely. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的Gelinne在家中目睹一架小型飞机坠入冰封的胡须溪后，和儿子一起勇救落水飞行员的事迹。 5．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文“‘Look！’ she cried.Gelinne looked up just in time to see a small aircraft a few hundred yards away，losing altitude.”可推知，画线部分指的是这艘在坠落的飞机。 6．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He fled the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.‘To the right was the crisis，and to the left was escape.I don't even know if I could've gone right，but I went left，’ he recalled.”可知，Gelinne对在2001年9月11日自己逃离现场的行为感到后悔。 7．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He tested the ice with his foot and decided not to risk walking on it.Then he and his son，John Jr.，37，pulled out two kayaks.”和第五段中的“With his son nearby，Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm，joking，‘Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.’”可知，面对需要救人的紧急情况，Gelinne没有贸然行动，而是先评估了在冰面上行走的风险，而且他会用开玩笑的方式让飞行员保持冷静。 8．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Still，he was satisfied he'd gone the right way that day.”可知，Gelinne感到满意是因为这次他选择勇敢地处理危机。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025·甘肃酒泉模拟) Dreaming of Dragons Dragons share similar origins in both East and West.The year 2024 celebrates the year of the dragon.1.______ But it is a sacred(神圣的) one that Chinese people have been crazy about for thousands of years，Chinese even claim themselves as the “descendants of the dragon”． This is largely the same case in the West.2.______ They frequently appear in legends，novels and other forms of entertainment，such as Sleeping Beauty and Dungeons & Dragons. What may be surprising，however，is that dragons share similar origins despite different cultural explanations.3.______ One of the earliest archaeological pieces of evidence of dragons can be traced back to the carved jade figures in China，unearthed at the sites of the Hongshan Culture，dating back more than 5，000 years.These jade carvings resemble snakes curled into a “C” shape，The Penguin Book of Dragons，a Penguin classic about 2，000 years of dragon legends，also notes that in the ancient world，dragons were often described as very large snakes. But why are dragons so fascinating to people？This question was explored by Carl Sagan，a famous scientist，in a book called The Dragons of Eden.4.______ He believed that people created dragon stories out of a human need to combine scientific observation of reality with an unreasonable fear for predators(捕食者). Although dragons look different in Eastern and Western culture，they play a similar role in stories around the world.These stories can inspire hope and guide people towards a better life.5.______ In the West，dragons are usually seen as evil，but they also appear in the Bible many times，where they are used in stories that teach important lessons. A．Dragons have a long history in Western mythology(神话). B．Among the 12 animal signs，the dragon is the only imaginary one. C．Some articles say that one's personality depends on his animal sign. D．In the book he describes how the natural world inspired the creation of dragons. E．Folk dragon dance has been part of the dragon culture in China for quite a long history. F．Both Eastern and Western records describe dragons as having snake­like characteristics. G．In China，the dragon is seen as a sign of good luck and is believed to have control over rain and thunder. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“龙”这一生物的历史起源以及在东西方文化中的差异。 1．B　[解析]根据上文可知，空处承接上文，开始介绍关于中国龙年的文化知识。B选项“在十二生肖中，只有龙是虚构的”符合语境。 2．A　[解析]根据上文“This is largely the same case in the West.”以及下文“They frequently appear in legends，novels and other forms of entertainment，such as Sleeping Beauty and Dungeons & Dragons.”可知，空处主要说明西方文化中龙的知识，A选项中的Western呼应上文中的West，符合语境。 3．F　[解析]根据上文“What may be surprising，however，is that dragons share similar origins despite different cultural explanations.”以及下文“The Penguin Book of Dragons ...dragons were often described as very large snakes.”可知，F选项“东方和西方的记载都把龙描述成有类似蛇的特征”承接上下文，且选项中snake­like与下文snakes相呼应，符合语境。 4．D　[解析]根据上文“But why are dragons so fascinating to people？This question was explored by Carl Sagan，a famous scientist，in a book called The Dragons of Eden.”可知，空处应承接上文，具体说明Carl Sagan在书中关于龙的解释。D选项“在书中，他描述了自然世界如何启发了龙的创造”符合语境。 5．G　[解析]根据下文“In the West，dragons are usually seen as evil，but they also appear in the Bible many times，where they are used in stories that teach important lessons.”可知，下文提到了西方对于龙的看法，推测空处应说明中国，即东方对龙的看法。G选项“在中国，龙被视为好运的象征，并且被认为可以掌控风雨雷电”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·哈师大附中模拟)Lin Zexu，a senior official of the Qing Dynasty(16441911)，is remembered today among Chinese people as 1.__________ role model for patriotism(爱国主义).He is also considered as a great hero，2.__________ fought against opium(鸦片) when seriously alarmed at the negative effect that the highly addictive drug was having 3.__________ China. At first，the Qing government tolerated the opium trade in order to promote economy.But in a few years，opium began to flood across the country，causing serious damage.Many people including soldiers became 4.__________(addict).He sent several memorials(奏折) to the emperor，5.__________(try) to get opium banned nationwide.The indecisive emperor was finally moved by Lin Zexu，who said that if opium 6.__________(allow) to spread unchecked，within a few decades，China would fail to resist enemy 7.__________(force)，let alone maintain national independence. As a result，Lin Zexu was promoted to the post of special imperial envoy(特使)，and sent to Guangdong，the main port of the opium trade，to wipe out opium.Officials of the foreign countries 8.__________(station) in China were determined to continue the business，and some even offered him treasures，hoping to buy him over.But，contrary to their expectations，Lin Zexu stuck to 9.__________(he) duty，declaring，“I will not return to Beijing 10.__________ opium is destroyed.” It was his perseverance and determination that contributed to the success of destroying opium at Humen. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱国英雄林则徐对抗鸦片贸易的故事。 1．a　[解析]考查冠词。role model表泛指，其前用不定冠词修饰，role以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．who　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为hero，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。 3．on　[解析]考查介词。此处为动词短语have an effect on，意为“对……有影响”，故填on。 4．addicted　[解析]考查形容词。became为系动词，所填词作表语，所以用形容词，故填addicted。 5．trying　[解析] 考查非谓语动词。try和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填trying。 6．was allowed　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；allow和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为不可数名词opium，be动词为was，故填was allowed。 7．forces　[解析]考查名词的数。force意为“兵力，武装力量”时，常用复数形式，故填forces。 8．stationed　[解析]考查非谓语动词。station和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填stationed。 9．his　[解析]考查形容词性物主代词。在名词前面，应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。 10．until/unless　[解析]考查连词。此处构成“not ...until ...”结构，意为“直到……才……”，或用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句，故填until/unless。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$