内容正文:
Unit 3 to be a good learner
Welcome
1. What do you think is important for successful learning, Daniel? 你认为成功学习的重要因素是什么,丹尼尔?
(1) 特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序,此处 “do you think” 为插入语,不影响整体疑问语序;
What do you think is difficult in English learning? 你觉得英语学习中什么是难的?
(2) be important for... 对…… 重要,后接名词、动名词等。
Exercise is important for health. 锻炼对健康重要。
Reading is important for improving knowledge. 阅读对提升知识重要。
【拓展】
疑问词除 “what”,还有 “who/where/when/why/how” 等,插入语还能是 “do you believe/suppose” 等。
2. For me, one thing is to have strong drive to learn. If you’re willing to learn, you’ll work harder. 对我来说,一是要有强烈的学习动力。要是你愿意学习,就会更努力。
(1) one thing is to do...表语结构,动词不定式作表语;
(2) have (a) drive to do sth. 有做某事的动力 ) ,strong/great drive强大的动力等。
He has a strong drive to succeed in his career. 他有在事业上取得成功的强大动力。
(3) be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
3. And it’s also important to have a good teacher. A good teacher will guide you on the right path.
(1) It’s + 形容词 + to do...,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语;
It’s necessary to sleep 8 hours a day. 每天睡8小时是必要的。
(2) guide sb. on... 在……方面引导某人
A tour guide will guide us on the trip. 导游会在旅途中引导我们。
【拓展】
(1) guide sb. to/through/around + 地点 引导某人到某地/带领某人穿过某地/带领某人参观某地;
The local guide guided us through the forest. 当地导游带领我们穿过森林。
(2) guide sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面指导某人;指导某人做某事;
A coach guides athletes in training. 教练在训练中指导运动员。
(3) guide sb. on sth. 在某事上给予某人指引;
The professor guided the students on their research topics. 教授在研究课题方面给学生们提供指导。
(4) guide dog:导盲犬
Guide dogs help blind people get around. 导盲犬帮助盲人出行。
4. And you need to have good study skills. They’ll help you learn better.
need to do sth. 需要做……,实义动词用法,有人称和数的变化;
He needs to finish homework first. 他需要先完成作业。
【拓展】“need” 还可作情态动词,无人称变化,后接动词原形,常用于否定/疑问句。
“You needn’t go now. 你没必要现在走。
5. It’ll help us manage our time well.
“manage sth. well”(很好地管理 / 安排某事 )
We manage money well to save for trips.(我们好好管钱为旅行存钱 )
【拓展】
(1) manage to do sth.,强调经过努力、克服困难后达成结果,相当于 “succeed in doing sth.。
They managed to climb to the top of the mountain despite the bad weather. 尽管天气恶劣,他们还是设法爬到了山顶。
(2) manager:名词,意为 “经理;管理者”。
a hotel manager 酒店经理
6. I couldn’t agree more
否定词 + 比较级表最高级含义:couldn’t agree more =完全同意,再同意不过了。
I can’t like it more. 我太喜欢它了。
She couldn’t run faster. 她不能跑得更快了。
【拓展】常见表达还有 “I can’t thank you enough.(我感激不尽 )” ,
Reading
1. A writer, scientist, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century. 本杰明・富兰克林是作家、科学家、发明家,也是美国开国元勋之一。他才华横溢,是 18 世纪最著名的人物之一。
(1) 同位语结构:A writer...United States作Benjamin Franklin的同位语,补充说明身份;
A doctor, my uncle works in a big hospital. 我叔叔是一名医生,他在大医院工作。
(2) one of + 可数名词复数,“…… 之一”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。在one of基础上,加上 “the + 形容词最高级” ,用于强调 “最…… 的…… 之一” ,突出个体在某一领域(由最高级限定 )的群体里的位置 。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
Mo Yan is one of the most popular writers in China. 莫言是中国最受欢迎的作家之一。
(3) a man of many talents介词 “of” 表所属,“有…… 才能的人” )
a girl of great courage 一个很有勇气的女孩
2. From a young age, Franklin’s great love of learning set him apart from many others. 富兰克林从小就酷爱学习,这使他与众不同。
set...apart from... 使…… 与…… 不同/区分开,set apart from 同义短语有make...different from...
Hard work sets him apart from classmates. 努力让他和同学不一样。
3. As one of 17 children in a big family, Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work. 作为一个大家庭 17 个孩子中的一员,富兰克林只接受了两年教育就不得不开始工作。
(1) 介词 “as”,作为,引导短语作状语,说明身份;
As a student, you should study hard. 作为学生,你该努力学习。
(2) “have + 时间段 + of education”(有…… 时长的教育 ,“have” 表 “经历 / 接受” );
She has three years of working experience. 她有三年工作经历。
【拓展】
一、as 作介词,表“作为;当作”;表“像;如同”;
The sky is as blue as the sea. 天空像大海一样蓝。
二、as 作连词
引导时间状语从句:“当…… 时;随着”
As time goes by, we get older. 随着时间流逝,我们变老了。
引导原因状语从句:“因为;由于”
As it’s raining, we stay at home. 因为下雨,我们待在家里。
引导方式状语从句:“按照;像…… 一样”
Do as I told you. 按照我告诉你的做 。
引导比较状语从句:“和…… 一样”
She is as tall as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样高。
三、as 相关短语
as well as:“和;也;既…… 又……” ,
as a result:“因此;结果” ,表因果关系 。
as for:“至于;关于” ,用于转换话题,引出新内容 。
4. While working in his brother’s print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot. 在他哥哥的印刷厂工作期间,富兰克林通过大量阅读自学。
teach oneself by doing sth 意思是“通过做某事自学”。如:
I teach myself how to play the piano by watching videos.我通过观看视频自学弹钢琴。
【拓展】
反身代词(myself/yourself/himself 等 )常与 “teach/enjoy/hurt” 等搭配,如 “enjoy oneself(玩得开心 )” ;
5. He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. 他经常从书商那里借书,并且熬夜到很晚,只为第二天能早早归还这些书。
(1) borrow sth. from sb. / sp. 表示 “从某人 / 某地借入某物”
Can I borrow a pen from you? 我能借你的钢笔用用吗?
与borrow相对应的是lend,搭配lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.” 。
I borrow a book from Lucy. 我从露西那借了本书。
Lucy lends a book to me. 露西把书借给我。
(2) stay up late 熬夜;
(3) in order to do 为了做……,表目的;in order to同义有 so as to(不放句首)/to(简单表目的)。
6. Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms. 富兰克林对周围的世界充满好奇,他曾对研究风暴产生兴趣。
(1)形容词短语作状语:Curious about...him,表主语 Franklin 的状态,相当于Because he was curious about...
【拓展】形容词短语作状语,常表原因 / 伴随等,常见形容词(happy/sad/surprised 等 );
Happy about the news, she jumps with joy.(因消息开心,她开心得跳起来 ,形容词短语作状语 );
(2)become interested in + 动名词 对…… 感兴趣,“in” 是介词,后接名词/动名词,become interested in” 可替换 “be interested in”;
He becomes interested in painting.(他对绘画感兴趣 )
7. He followed the storms and did many tests. Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another. His findings helped predict the weather. 他追踪风暴并进行了诸多测试,而后发现风暴会从一个地方移动到另一个地方。他的这些发现有助于预测天气。
find out + that 从句,查明;弄清楚;发现(真相、事实等 ),“that” 引导宾语从句。
【拓展】
(1) find sb. /sth. + 形容词,发现某人 / 某物处于…… 状态,形容词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的状态 。
He finds the movie interesting. 他发现这部电影很有趣。
(2) find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行 。
She found a stranger standing outside her house. 她发现一个陌生人正站在她家外面 。
(3) find it + 形容词 + to do sth. 发现做某事是…… 的,it 作形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的动词不定式 ,这样表达避免句子头重脚轻 。
I find it easy to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很容易。
(4) find one’s way to... 找到去…… 的路;设法到达(某地 );(事物 )自然发展到(某状态 ),可用于实际找路,也可用于抽象语境 。
We found our way to the museum at last. 我们最终找到了去博物馆的路。
Eventually, his music found its way to a wide audience. 最终,他的音乐传到了广大听众耳中。
8. What’s more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless inventions came as no surprise. 而且,富兰克林酷爱科学,因此,他有数不清的发明也就不足为奇了。
(1) 短语 “What’s more” 而且;此外,用于补充信息;过渡短语还有 Besides/In addition;
(2) have a great love for... 对…… 有极大热爱;
(3) 短语 come as no surprise 意思是“不足为奇”。如:
These research findings may come as no surprise to doctors. 这些研究发现对医生来说可能不足为奇。
9. Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. 即便在年近八旬时,他还发明了一种特殊眼镜,好让自己看得更清楚。
介词短语 “in one’s + 整十数复数” 在某人……多岁时;
in his 20s 在他 20 多岁时
In her 30s, she starts a new career. 她30多岁时,开启新事业。
10. Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free. 富兰克林没有从他的任何发明中获利,而是让人们免费使用它们。
(1) not...but... 不是…… 而是……,连接并列成分,此处连接两个动作 “make money” 和 “let people use” ;连接主语时,遵循就近原则。
She did not go to school but stayed at home. 她没上学而是待在家。
Not the teacher but the students are in the classroom. 不是老师,而是学生们在教室里 。
(2) for free免费,作状语;如:
Children under seven years old can see the show for free. 七岁以下的儿童可以免费观看表演
【拓展】
一、就近原则:
(1) or / nor / either... or... / neither... nor... / not only... but also...;
(2) there be 句型
(3) “one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which 引导的定语从句”
注意:若定语从句修饰 “one of + 复数名词”,从句谓语通常用复数(因修饰复数名词);但若是 “the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,从句谓语用单数(强调 “唯一的那个”) 。
He is one of the students who are good at math. 他是擅长数学的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who is good at math. 他是学生中唯一擅长数学的。
二、就远原则,即谓语动词单复数和离它远的主语一致,常见于 “as well as /together with /along with /with/besides /except/but 等 + 名词” 结构,主语是这些词前面的部分 。
11. His greatness goes further than that. As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, full of wonder and success. This is his greatest gift to the world. 他的伟大不止于此。作为一名终身学习者,他将学习视为一场激动人心、永无止境的旅程,充满奇妙与成就。这便是他给予世界的最伟大礼物。
(1) 形容词比较级 “further”,far 的比较级,表 “更深远;更进一步” ,抽象意义;
His dream goes further than mine. 他的梦想比我的更宏大。
(2) 形容词短语作定语(“full of wonder and success”,修饰 “journey”,相当于 “which is full of... ” )
A box full of books is heavy. 一个装满书的箱子很重。
【拓展】
farther
further
侧重点
特指距离上的 “更远”(具体意义)
侧重抽象意义上的 “进一步、更深层次”(如程度、范围、时间等)
词性
仅作副词或形容词
可作副词、形容词,还可作动词
例句
He ran farther than me.(他比我跑得更远。—— 指距离)
We need further research.(我们需要进一步研究。—— 指程度)
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