宾语从句

The Object Clause (Revision) 名词性从句之 （一）宾语从句 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合 句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的 一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在 全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语句 当中的从句在全句中作宾语。 了解宾语从句 I know him . 2. I know that he is Jackie Chan. 主语 谓语 宾语 （简单句） 主语 谓语 宾 语 从 句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句 （复合句） 从句表语 考点一 宾语从句的引导词 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which， what<ever> 和疑问副词 where, when, why,how 引导的宾语从句 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 （一）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 Ex: I hear ______ he will be back in an hour 2. He said ______ he missed us very much 3. I am sure ______ he will succeed 注：陈述句用that引导。that起连接的作用，在从句中没有实在的意义，也不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： ◆ He said _______he wanted to stay at home. ◆ She doesn’t know _______she is seriously ill. that that that that that （二）由疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which和疑问副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些疑问代词和疑问副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例如： Do you know ___________they are waiting for? He asked ________handwriting was the best. Can you tell me ________the bus stop is? Would you tell me ______the train is late. who /whom whose where why He asked _______could answer the question 他问谁能回答这个问题。 2. Can you tell me ________ he is？ . 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗？ 3. Could you tell me _______I can get to the station? . 你能告诉我该怎么去车站吗？ 4. Would you tell me _______the train is late? 你能告诉我为什么火车迟到了吗？ 练习 who where how why （三）由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句。 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know ___________he lives there. He asked me __________I could help him. Ex: I want to know __________he will go to the park with us. 2. Ask him __________he can come 3. I don’t know _________it is going to rain or not. if /whether if/whether if /whether if /whether whether 8 注意以下情况只用whether，不用if。 1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如： ( ) Let me know whether you can come or not. ( ) Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如： ( ) Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. ( ) If it is true or not, I can’t tell. T T F F 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。 ( ) I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. ( ) I don’t know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如： ( ) I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. ( ) I worry about if I hurt her feelings. T T F F if既能引导条件状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如： I won’t go if it rains tomorrow， （条件状语从句） I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） if表示“如果，要是” if表示“是否” 这个问题很重要哦 区别练习: 1. If it _______(rain) tomorrow，I won’t come. 2. He didn’t tell me if it _________(rain) tomorrow. 3. I don’t know if he __________(come) tomorrow. If he______ (come), I’ll tell you. would rain rains will come comes 如果 是否 是否 如果 考点链接一：考查引导宾语从句的连接词 ( ) 1.There’s a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know ___ it is? A what B who C whose D whom ( ) 2.I’m wondering____ Liu Xiang will have time to ______ the meeting. A whether,attend B that,attend C whether, appear D that,appear ( ) 3.—Can you tell me____it is from here to the Summer Palace? —Let me see. It’s about fifteen minutes’ ride. A how long B how soon C how far D how much C A C 考点二 宾语从句的语序 I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序。例如： 注意：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happened? eg:I don’t know what’s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? 考点三 宾语从句的时态 注 意： ★I think (that) you are right. ★ Please tell us where he is. ★Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不受影响。例如： 16 注 意： 例如： ◆He asked what time it was. ◆He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting. ◆He said that he would go back to the U.S.A. soon. ◆ He asked if you had written to Peter. 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从 句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用 。 e.g. The teacher said that the moon ______(move) around the sun. ■He said that light _______(travel)much faster than sound. My father told me there ____ (be)12 months in a year. 一般现在时 moves travels are 1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。 注意事项 1.Could you please tell me where we ______ (show) our tickets ? 2.Could you tell us which gate we _______（have to）go to ? 3.Would you tell me when he _____ (会)come back ? show have to will 时态练习 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 Could you tell me whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled A D C B C 考点链接二：考查宾语从句的时态，语序 （ ）1.—Where is Tom? Do you know? ---I think he_____ to the library. A has gone B goes C has been D went ( ) 2.Tom said he ____ back in a week. A will come B would come C come ( ) 3.I don’t know if it ____ tomorrow. If it___,I’ll stay at home. A will rain ,rains B rains ,will rain C will rain ,will rain D rains ,rains A B A 其它问题 did she I don’t think he is serious,_________? is he I believe he can finish it on time,_________? ____________? can’t he 否定的转移： 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词 时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。 如： I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。 附加疑问句（反意疑问句）： 1. 一般对主句进行反问： 如： She didn’t say that he would come here, ________? 2.当主句主语为I/we主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则对从句进行反问，但要注意否定还原： if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 1. 宾语从句: if when 2.状语从句: 条件状语从句 if 时间状语从句 when 是否 什么时候(即特殊疑问词) 如果 从句时态根据句意而定 当……时 时态: 主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情态动词, 从句一般现在时. 主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时. 主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。 Sum up 一、三类词引导的宾语从句： 二、宾语从句的语序 三、宾语从句的时态 四、还有几种注意事项 五、课后作业 从属连词that 疑问词：8个“W”,1个“H” 从属连词whether/if 1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.  We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that     D A B C 5. I wonder _______ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out ______ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _______ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I don’t know ______ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether B A B D GOODBYE! $$