Unit 5 Working the Land词性转换，核心单词，语法，短语，知识点复习题-2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 5 Working the Land 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→_______________________ adj. 专心的→_______________________ n. 献身, 热爱 2. deep adj. 深的→_______________________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→_______________________ n. 扩大, 发展 4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→_______________________ adj. 习惯的, 传统的 5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→____________________ n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的 6. estimate vt. 估计→_______________________ n. 估算; 估价 7. consume v. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费者 8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→_______________________ adj. 有营养的→_______________________ adj. 营养(物)的 9. digest v. 消化→_______________________ n. 消化; 领悟 10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→_______________________ adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地 核心单词 1． vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2． n．不足；缺少；短缺 3． vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励 4． vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 5．intense adj. 6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome) 7．expand vt.& vi. 8．output n． 9． vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 10． vt.产生；引起 11． n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 12．soil n． 13．vision n． 14．reality n． 15．wheat n． 16．widespread adj. 17．digest vt.& vi. 18． adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 19． n．矿物；矿物质 20． n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 一、语法填空 1．In terms of shopping online, I tend to consult (consume) ratings whatever I purchase. 2．They think it may contribute to intellectual growth and lead to the (attain) of actual goals. 3．He has a delicate (digest) and cannot eat oily food. 4．The (extend) of the subway will take several months. 5．I had no alternative but (report) him to the police. 6．Their achievements have already been analyzed in (deep) and do not require further discussion. 7．It is the first time that China and Brazil (tackle) the climate crisis together. 8．Communication between employees in this cafe is done (entire)through sign language, creating a quiet atmosphere that customers appreciate. 9．I have managed to convince myself (overcome) my fear of failure and try my best. 10．He quickly assessed what (alternative) were open to him. 11．A microwave cooks food much faster than a (convention) oven. 12．The loss of big trees was the greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water (short). (所给出的适当形式填空) 13．Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables is important because they are (nutrient) and provide essential vitamins for our health. 14．The collection (comprise) of 327 paintings so far. 15．Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity. 16．It is possible to multiply (bacterium) and other living organisms in the laboratory. 17．It is really hard for the public (convince) of the necessity and immediacy of social reforms. 18．The time to act is now. We must work together to create a more sustainable world, where humans and nature can coexist in harmony, (ensure) a bright and prosperous future for all. 19．By supporting and participating in environmental initiatives, we can make a significant (different) in the fight against climate change and help protect our planet for future generations. 20．Today, it is (estimate) that about 60% of domestic rice consumption is from hybrid strains. 21．The book deals with the (essential) of English grammar. （所给词的适当形式填空） 22．These fishes typically live between the surface of the ocean and a (deep) of about 3,300 feet.   23．Over the next months, he (devote) himself to assisting his professor in the development. 24．The company, New England Electric, burns coal (generate) power. 25．A way of setting (real) goals is to analyze your short-term and long-term objectives, and keep in mind your beliefs, values, and strengths. 26．When I came home, I really considered quitting. However, I convinced myself (keep) at it and try harder. 27．I looked for my keys everywhere this morning, but it was nowhere (find). 28．It’s good for you to learn to read body language, which is essential to (develop) your social skills. 29．Their siheyuan were far (small) in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 30．I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the (kind) people. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 31 (regard) as “the goddess scientist”, Yan Ning is an admirable biology researcher. She is a rising star in the science world and her résumé (履历) has gained 32 (globe) recognition. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton, she 33 (invite) to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2007 whose establishment laid the 34 (found) for her groundbreaking research. It is 35 long way to get where she is now. Yan works at least 14 hours a day, but she’s energetic, because research is the most “comfortable” job for her. This commitment to her work 36 (probable) helped Yan in her research to recognize the structures of proteins in cells’ plasma membranes (细胞膜), 37 puzzled scientists for half a century. 38 her busy schedule, Yan still makes time for TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly, the novel Journey to the West inspired her 39 (become) a structural (结构上的) biologist. As she realizes her own dreams, 40 Yan tries to do is encourage more women to join in science. In her eyes, there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields. “Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to,” she said in a public interview. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Xuesen, 41 led China’s space and rocketry programmes, is a gifted rocket scientist. He was born in Shanghai in 1911. He 42 (admit) into Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1929. In 1934, he won 43 scholarship and in 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusettes Institute of Technology. One year 44 (late), he went to the California Institute of Technology to start graduate studies under Theodore von Kármán, a world-famous professor of aerodynamics (空气动力学). From 1938 to 1955, Qian stayed in America, working with Kármán to research aerodynamics, rocketry and missiles (导弹). Despite his high salary and comfortable life in the US, Qian always remained 45 (concern) about his home country’s development. In 1955, Qian braved all the difficulties and made his way back to China. Upon his 46 (arrive), Qian Xuesen, together 47 dynamics expert Qian Weichang, founded the Institute of Mechanics. Then Qian set out 48 (lead) China’s missile and rocketry programmes. His expertise was instrumental in China’s “Two Bombs, One satellite” project. Uninterested in fortune and fame, Qian devoted his life to 49 (rebuild) the nation. “As a Chinese technician, my life’s purpose is to serve the people.” Qian died on Oct. 31, 2009. The Chinese people will never forget his 50 (remark) contributions. 二、单词拼写 51．Many (名人) use their influence on social media to raise awareness about social issues, like poverty and environmental protection. 52．Good nutrition is (完全必要的；极其重要的) if patients are to make a quick recovery. 53．We need someone to (出，产生) new ideas. 54．Genes determine the (特征) of every human being and play a critical role in shaping our lives. 55．It is high time that we forbade setting off fireworks in (城市的) areas! 56．It is a (传统的) wedding with the bride in the traditional dress. 57．They are going to equip the workshop with new machines in order to increase (产量). 58．If these feelings become so (十分强烈的) that you can’t handle them, you may be suffering from depression. 59．They focus on keeping their (土壤) rich and free of disease. 60．I suggested to him that we should (处理) the problem at once. 61．Oxygen will react with nearly all (有机的) materials and metals. 62．People say money is the (根) of all evils, but I believe money itself is not bad. 63．A healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods rich in vitamins, fibre and (矿物质), and low in fat and calories. 64．You should consider a problem from as many (方面)as possible. 65．In this (事例), the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. 三、完成句子 66． , Yuan is still very much a farmer . 实际上袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。 67．They use natural waste from animals and this will be good for . 他们在耕作过程中使用的是天然的动物粪便，这对于改善土壤状况很有益处。 68．据估计，这项工程将持续四年。 the project will last four years. 69．我们必须百尺竿头，更进一步，才能达到目的。 Still greater efforts are needed before we can . 70．However, was a matter of great debate. 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 71．Yuan Longping, , was one of China’s most famous scientists. 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。 72． , you should have more sense of responsibility. 既然你已经18岁了，你应该有更多的责任感。 73．Facing up to your problems is the best approach to working things out. 勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好方法。 74．As we all know, life consists of . 众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。 75．旅游业促进了城市发展，这转而又将吸引更多的人来此定居。 Tourism has led to the development of the city, which will attract more people to settle down here. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Working the Land 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→devoted adj. 专心的→devotion n. 献身, 热爱 2. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→expansion n. 扩大, 发展 4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→conventional adj. 习惯的, 传统的 5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的 6. estimate vt. 估计→estimation n. 估算; 估价 7. consume v. 消费→consumption n. 消费→consumer n. 消费者 8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→nutritious adj. 有营养的→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 9. digest v. 消化→digestion n. 消化; 领悟 10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地 核心单词 1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺 3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励 4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 7．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) 8．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output) 输出 9．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 10．generate vt.产生；引起 11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土 13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像 14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实 15．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽 16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质 20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 一、语法填空 1．In terms of shopping online, I tend to consult (consume) ratings whatever I purchase. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：在网上购物方面，我买什么都倾向于参考消费评级。此处为名词形式，和空后的ratings构成名词短语consult consumption“消费评级”。故填consumption。 2．They think it may contribute to intellectual growth and lead to the (attain) of actual goals. 【答案】attainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们认为这可能有助于智力成长并实现实际目标。lead to“有助于”，其中to为介词。空格处作介词to的宾语，用名词形式，attain的名词形式是attainment，意为“实现，达到”。故填attainment。 3．He has a delicate (digest) and cannot eat oily food. 【答案】digestion 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的消化系统很脆弱，不能吃油腻的食物。此处应用名词digestion作宾语，表示“消化系统”，为可数名词，由a可知，应用单数，故填digestion。 4．The (extend) of the subway will take several months. 【答案】extension 【详解】考查名词。句意：扩建地铁需要几个月的时间。根据空格前的the可知，此处用提示词的名词形式extension“扩建部分，扩大”，作主语，句中指的是一个具体的地铁扩建项目，应用单数形式。故填extension。 5．I had no alternative but (report) him to the police. 【答案】to report 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我别无选择，只能向警方告发他。have no alternative but to do sth“别无选择，只有做某事”，故填to report。 6．Their achievements have already been analyzed in (deep) and do not require further discussion. 【答案】depth 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的成就已经得到了深入的分析，不需要进一步讨论。提示词作介词宾语，用名词depth构成介词短语in depth，作方式状语，意为“深入地”。故填depth。 7．It is the first time that China and Brazil (tackle) the climate crisis together. 【答案】have tackled 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是中国和巴西首次共同应对气候危机。It is the first time that...句型中，从句通常用现在完成时，主语China and Brazil是复数，助动词用have。故填have tackled。 8．Communication between employees in this cafe is done (entire)through sign language, creating a quiet atmosphere that customers appreciate. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这家咖啡馆的员工之间完全通过手语进行沟通，营造出顾客欣赏的安静氛围。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词，entirely，表“完全地”，为副词，符合语境。故填entirely。 9．I have managed to convince myself (overcome) my fear of failure and try my best. 【答案】to overcome 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我设法说服自己要克服对失败的恐惧，尽最大努力。convince sb. to do sth.表示“说服某人做某事”，固定短语。故填to overcome。 10．He quickly assessed what (alternative) were open to him. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：他很快评估了自己有哪些选择。alternative是可数名词，根据were可知，此处要用复数形式，在what引导的宾语从句中作主语，故填alternatives。 11．A microwave cooks food much faster than a (convention) oven. 【答案】conventional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：微波炉比传统的烤箱做饭快得多。形容词conventional作定语修饰名词。故填conventional。 12．The loss of big trees was the greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water (short). (所给出的适当形式填空) 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最为严重。分析句子结构，所填词在句中作suffered的宾语，应用名词；short是形容词，名词形式为shortage，意思为“缺少，短缺”，此处用作不可数名词，故填shortage。 13．Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables is important because they are (nutrient) and provide essential vitamins for our health. 【答案】nutritious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：食用多种水果和蔬菜很重要，因为它们营养丰富，并为我们的健康提供必需的维生素。根据句意以及所给单词nutrient是名词，需变为形容词nutritious，表示“营养丰富的”，在系动词are后作表语。故填nutritious。 14．The collection (comprise) of 327 paintings so far. 【答案】has comprised 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这个收藏集包括了327幅画。根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语collection是单数名词，助动词应用has，comprise的过去分词是comprised。故填has comprised。 15．Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity. 【答案】rooted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：植根于中国阴阳哲学的太极拳受到极大的欢迎。句子谓语动词是gains，所给词“root”只能用非谓语动词，root与逻辑主语Tai Chi之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式rooted，作后置定语，表示“植根于”。故填rooted。 16．It is possible to multiply (bacterium) and other living organisms in the laboratory. 【答案】bacteria 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在实验室里繁殖细菌和其他生物体是可能的。空处和organisms并列，作multiply“繁殖”的宾语，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词bacterium“细菌”应用复数形式bacteria。故填bacteria。 17．It is really hard for the public (convince) of the necessity and immediacy of social reforms. 【答案】to be convinced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让公众信服社会改革的必要性和紧迫性确实很难。句子是It is adj for sb to do的结构，含义为“对某人来说做某事是怎样的”，空处用动词convince的不定式形式作真主语。convince为及物动词，使信服。“the public”和动词“convince”构成被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态，表示“使公众信服”。故填to be convinced。 18．The time to act is now. We must work together to create a more sustainable world, where humans and nature can coexist in harmony, (ensure) a bright and prosperous future for all. 【答案】ensuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在是采取行动的时候了。我们必须共同努力，创造一个更可持续的世界，在这个世界里，人类和自然可以和谐共处，确保所有人都有一个光明繁荣的未来。must work是主句的谓语动词，can coexist是where引导的定语从句的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，作状语，主语We和动词ensure构成主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。故填ensuring。 19．By supporting and participating in environmental initiatives, we can make a significant (different) in the fight against climate change and help protect our planet for future generations. 【答案】difference 【详解】考查名词。句意：通过支持和参与环保倡议，我们可以在应对气候变化的斗争中发挥重大作用，并为子孙后代保护我们的地球。设空处使用different的名词difference作宾语，make a difference为固定短语，意为“起作用，产生影响”。故填difference。 20．Today, it is (estimate) that about 60% of domestic rice consumption is from hybrid strains. 【答案】estimated 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内消费的大米中约有60%是由袁的杂交品种生产的作物。it is estimated that...是固定句型，表示“据估计……”，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，与动词estimate“估计”为被动关系，用is estimated，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填estimated。 21．The book deals with the (essential) of English grammar. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】essentials 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：这本书论述英语语法的要点。空处作介词的宾语，用名词，此处essential为“要点”，用名词复数表示泛指。故填essentials。 22．These fishes typically live between the surface of the ocean and a (deep) of about 3,300 feet.   【答案】depth 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些鱼通常生活在海洋表面和大约3300英尺深处之间。此处为短语a depth of表示“深度为……”。故填depth。 23．Over the next months, he (devote) himself to assisting his professor in the development. 【答案】has been devoting 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：在接下来的几个月里，他一直致力于协助他的教授进行开发。根据时间状语Over the next months及句意可知，句子用现在完成进行时态，谓语动词应为have been devoting，主语为第三人称单数。故填has been devoting。 24．The company, New England Electric, burns coal (generate) power. 【答案】to generate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家名为新英格兰电力公司的公司通过烧煤发电。空处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to generate。 25．A way of setting (real) goals is to analyze your short-term and long-term objectives, and keep in mind your beliefs, values, and strengths. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一种设定现实的目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，并记住你的信仰、价值观和优势。空处修饰名词goals，应用形容词作定语，故填realistic。 26．When I came home, I really considered quitting. However, I convinced myself (keep) at it and try harder. 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查动词不定式和固定短语。句意：当我回到家时，我真的考虑过辞职。然而，我说服自己坚持下去，更加努力。“convince sb. to do sth.”，固定短语，意为“说服/劝说某人做某事”，to do不定式为宾语补足语。故填to keep。 27．I looked for my keys everywhere this morning, but it was nowhere (find). 【答案】to be found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早上我到处找我的钥匙，但哪里都找不到。nowhere是副词，nowhere to be found“哪儿也找不到”是固定句型。故填to be found。 28．It’s good for you to learn to read body language, which is essential to (develop) your social skills. 【答案】developing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学习阅读肢体语言对你有好处，这对发展你的社交技能至关重要。be essential to doing sth.“对……至关重要，必不可少”，其中to为介词，本空用develop“发展”的动名词形式，作to的宾语。故填developing。 29．Their siheyuan were far (small) in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 【答案】smaller 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。“ ________(small) in scale”与空后的“simpler in design and decoration”为并列结构，形式上应保持一致，故空处应用形容词的比较级。故填smaller。 30．I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the (kind) people. 【答案】kindest 【详解】考查形容词的最高级。句意：我把作品发布在社交媒体上，相应地，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。结合空前的the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填kindest。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 31 (regard) as “the goddess scientist”, Yan Ning is an admirable biology researcher. She is a rising star in the science world and her résumé (履历) has gained 32 (globe) recognition. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton, she 33 (invite) to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2007 whose establishment laid the 34 (found) for her groundbreaking research. It is 35 long way to get where she is now. Yan works at least 14 hours a day, but she’s energetic, because research is the most “comfortable” job for her. This commitment to her work 36 (probable) helped Yan in her research to recognize the structures of proteins in cells’ plasma membranes (细胞膜), 37 puzzled scientists for half a century. 38 her busy schedule, Yan still makes time for TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly, the novel Journey to the West inspired her 39 (become) a structural (结构上的) biologist. As she realizes her own dreams, 40 Yan tries to do is encourage more women to join in science. In her eyes, there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields. “Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to,” she said in a public interview. 【答案】 31．Regarded 32．global 33．was invited 34．foundation 35．a 36．probably 37．which 38．Despite 39．to become 40．what 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了被称为“女神科学家”的颜宁，讲述了她的科研成就、工作态度，以及她对更多女性加入科学领域的鼓励。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“女神科学家”的颜宁是一位令人钦佩的生物学研究员。句子已有谓语动词is，此处应用非谓语动词，主语Yan Ning与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。句首首字母大写，故填Regarded。 32．考查形容词。句意：她是科学界一颗冉冉升起的新星，她的履历得到了全球的认可。此处应用形容词修饰名词recognition作定语，故填global。 33．考查时态和语态。句意：从清华大学和普林斯顿大学毕业后，2007年她被邀请在清华大学建立自己的实验室，实验室的建立为她开创性的研究奠定了基础。句子主语she与invite之间是被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语in 2007可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填was invited。 34．考查名词。句意：从清华大学和普林斯顿大学毕业后，2007 年她被邀请在清华大学建立自己的实验室，实验室的建立为她开创性的研究奠定了基础。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，found的名词形式为foundation，为不可数名词，lay the foundation for为固定短语，表示“为……奠定基础”，符合句意，故填foundation。 35．考查冠词。句意：要达到她现在的成就还有很长的路要走。空后为名词单数，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”，此处表示 “一段很长的路”， long是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。 36．考查副词。句意：这种对工作的投入可能帮助颜宁在她的研究中识别细胞膜中蛋白质的结构，这困扰了科学家们半个世纪。此处应用副词修饰动词helped作状语，故填probably。 37．考查定语从句。句意：这种对工作的投入可能帮助颜宁在她的研究中识别细胞膜中蛋白质的结构，这困扰了科学家们半个世纪。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故填which。 38．考查介词。句意：尽管日程繁忙，颜宁仍然会抽出时间看电视剧和经典小说。根据“her busy schedule(日程繁忙)”以及“Yan still makes time for TV dramas and classic novels(颜宁仍然会抽出时间看电视剧和经典小说)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，此处表示“尽管”，应用介词despite，构成介词短语。句首首字母大写，故填Despite。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：令人惊讶的是，小说《西游记》激励她成为一名结构生物学家。inspire sb. to do sth为固定句式，表示“激励某人做某事”，不定式作宾补，故填to become。 40．考查名词性从句。句意：在实现自己梦想的同时，颜宁努力去做的是鼓励更多女性投身科学。此处引导主语从句，连接词在从句中作宾语，表示内容，应用连接代词what引导从句，故填what。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Xuesen, 41 led China’s space and rocketry programmes, is a gifted rocket scientist. He was born in Shanghai in 1911. He 42 (admit) into Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1929. In 1934, he won 43 scholarship and in 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusettes Institute of Technology. One year 44 (late), he went to the California Institute of Technology to start graduate studies under Theodore von Kármán, a world-famous professor of aerodynamics (空气动力学). From 1938 to 1955, Qian stayed in America, working with Kármán to research aerodynamics, rocketry and missiles (导弹). Despite his high salary and comfortable life in the US, Qian always remained 45 (concern) about his home country’s development. In 1955, Qian braved all the difficulties and made his way back to China. Upon his 46 (arrive), Qian Xuesen, together 47 dynamics expert Qian Weichang, founded the Institute of Mechanics. Then Qian set out 48 (lead) China’s missile and rocketry programmes. His expertise was instrumental in China’s “Two Bombs, One satellite” project. Uninterested in fortune and fame, Qian devoted his life to 49 (rebuild) the nation. “As a Chinese technician, my life’s purpose is to serve the people.” Qian died on Oct. 31, 2009. The Chinese people will never forget his 50 (remark) contributions. 【答案】 41．who 42．was admitted 43．a 44．later 45．concerned 46．arrival/arriving 47．with 48．to lead 49．rebuilding 50．remarkable 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了钱学森这位杰出的火箭科学家的生平事迹。 41．考查定语从句。句意：钱学森，这位领导中国太空和火箭项目的人，是一位有天赋的火箭科学家。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Qian Xuesen，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 42．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1929年，他被上海交通大学录取。根据时间状语in 1929可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语He和admit之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was admitted。 43．考查冠词。句意：1934 年，他获得了一项奖学金，1935年，他离开中国前往麻省理工学院学习。此处泛指“一项奖学金”，且scholarship的发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 44．考查副词。句意：一年后，他前往加州理工学院，师从世界著名的空气动力学教授西奥多・冯・卡门开始研究生学习。one year later是固定短语，意思是“一年后”。故填later。 45．考查形容词。句意：尽管他在美国拿着高薪，生活舒适，但钱学森一直关心着祖国的发展。remain为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，remain concerned about是固定搭配，意为“一直关心……”。故填concerned。 46．考查名词/动名词。句意：他一到达，就与动力学专家钱伟长一起成立了力学研究所。upon是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词。arrive是动词，其名词形式arrival（到达），upon his arrival（他一到达）；也可以用动名词形式arriving，upon his arriving（他一到达）。故填arrival/arriving。 47．考查介词。句意同上。together with为固定短语，意为“和……一起”。故填with。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后钱学森着手领导中国的导弹和火箭项目。set out to do sth.是固定短语，意为“着手做某事，开始做某事”。故填to lead。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森对财富和名誉不感兴趣，他将自己的一生都奉献给了国家的重建。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定搭配，意思是“把某人的一生奉献给做某事”，to是介词，后面接动名词，rebuild的动名词形式是rebuilding。故填rebuilding。 50．考查形容词。句意：中国人民永远不会忘记他卓越的贡献。修饰名词contributions，需用形容词作定语，remarkable意为“卓越的”。故填remarkable。 二、单词拼写 51．Many (名人) use their influence on social media to raise awareness about social issues, like poverty and environmental protection. 【答案】celebrities 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多名人利用他们在社交媒体上的影响力来提高人们对贫困和环境保护等社会问题的认识。根据汉语提示“名人”，可知应用名词celebrity，且many后跟复数形式。故填celebrities。 52．Good nutrition is (完全必要的；极其重要的) if patients are to make a quick recovery. 【答案】essential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果病人要迅速康复，良好的营养是极其重要的。根据汉语提示“完全必要的，极其重要的”可知，此处为形容词essential，作表语。故填essential。 53．We need someone to (出，产生) new ideas. 【答案】generate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们需要有人产生新想法。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词generate“产生”，满足句意要求，结合空前动词不定式符号to可知，空处为动词原形。故填generate。 54．Genes determine the (特征) of every human being and play a critical role in shaping our lives. 【答案】characteristics 【详解】考查名词。句意：基因决定了每个人的特征，并在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。根据汉语提示“特征”可知，填名词 characteristic，此处表示复数意义，故使用characteristics。故答案为 characteristics。 55．It is high time that we forbade setting off fireworks in (城市的) areas! 【答案】urban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：是时候禁止在城市地区燃放烟花了！根据汉语提示“城市的”可知，空处应填形容词urban，作定语修饰空后名词areas，故填urban。 56．It is a (传统的) wedding with the bride in the traditional dress. 【答案】conventional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个传统的婚礼，新娘穿着传统的服装。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词conventional“传统的”作定语修饰wedding，满足句意要求。故填conventional。 57．They are going to equip the workshop with new machines in order to increase (产量). 【答案】output 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了增加产量，他们准备给车间装备新机器。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词output“产量”作宾语。故填output。 58．If these feelings become so (十分强烈的) that you can’t handle them, you may be suffering from depression. 【答案】intense 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果这些感觉变得如此强烈，以至于你无法应对，你可能患有抑郁症。根据汉语提示“十分强烈的”可知，空处应填形容词intense，作表语。故填intense。 59．They focus on keeping their (土壤) rich and free of disease. 【答案】soil 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们专注于保持他们的土壤肥沃和无病害。根据汉语提示“土壤”可知，此处用名词soil，作keeping的宾语。故填soil。 60．I suggested to him that we should (处理) the problem at once. 【答案】tackle 【详解】考查动词。句意：我向他建议我们应该立即处理这个问题。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词tackle“处理”，满足句意要求，结合空前should情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填tackle。 61．Oxygen will react with nearly all (有机的) materials and metals. 【答案】organic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：氧气会与几乎所有有机材料和金属发生反应。根据汉语提示“有机的”可知，本空用形容词organic，修饰materials，作前置定语。故填organic。 62．People say money is the (根) of all evils, but I believe money itself is not bad. 【答案】root 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们说金钱是万恶之源，但我相信金钱本身并不坏。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词root“根”作表语，即“根源，起因”。故填root。 63．A healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods rich in vitamins, fibre and (矿物质), and low in fat and calories. 【答案】mineral 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食包括食用富含维生素、纤维和矿物质，且低脂低卡的多种食物。根据汉语提示“矿物质”可知，本空应用名词mineral，作in的宾语，与vitamins和fibre并列。故填mineral。 64．You should consider a problem from as many (方面)as possible. 【答案】aspects 【详解】考查名词。句意：你应该从尽可能多的方面考虑一个问题。根据汉语意思提示以及空前many可知，此处为复数名词aspects“方面”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填aspects。 65．In this (事例), the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. 【答案】instance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，最好的解决办法是发送一个快速，轻松的道歉来解释你的尴尬。根据汉语提示可知应用名词instance，结合this可知为单数。故填instance。 三、完成句子 66． , Yuan is still very much a farmer . 实际上袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。 【答案】 Deep down at heart 【详解】考查固定短语。第一空表示“实际上”可用deep down，作状语，首字母大写；表示“内心深处”为at heart。故填①Deep down；②at heart。 67．They use natural waste from animals and this will be good for . 他们在耕作过程中使用的是天然的动物粪便，这对于改善土壤状况很有益处。 【答案】improving the condition of the soil 【详解】考查动名词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“改善土壤状况”，“改善”是improve，“土壤状况”是the condition of the soil，for是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处是improving the condition of the soil。故填improving the condition of the soil。 68．据估计，这项工程将持续四年。 the project will last four years. 【答案】It is estimated that 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“据估计……”句型为It is estimated that…，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，由下文的一般将来时可知，主句用一般现在时。故填It is estimated that。 69．我们必须百尺竿头，更进一步，才能达到目的。 Still greater efforts are needed before we can . 【答案】attain our goals/aims 【详解】考查动词和名词。“达到目的”翻译为attain our goals/aims，goal和aim是可数名词，所以用复数表示泛指；由空格前的can可知，attain用动词原形。故填attain our goals/aims。 70．However, was a matter of great debate. 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 【答案】whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice 【详解】考查主语从句。空格处作主语，根据句意应该用主语从句表示。“是否”用whether引导主语从句；“可能做某事”用固定句型it+be+adj+to do something；“可能的”用形容词possible；“开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种”翻译为develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice；根据空格后的was可知，主语从句的时态应该用一般过去时。故填whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice。 71．Yuan Longping, , was one of China’s most famous scientists. 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。 【答案】known as the “father of hybrid rice” 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。表示“被誉为”短语为be known as，此处为过去分词作定语；表示“杂交水稻之父”为the “father of hybrid rice”。故填known as the “father of hybrid rice”。 72． , you should have more sense of responsibility. 既然你已经18岁了，你应该有更多的责任感。 【答案】Now that you are 18 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意，本题考查固定短语now that，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，now置于句首，需首字母大写；本句描述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时；表示“你”应用代词you，作主语，系动词应用are；表示“18岁”可用基数词18，作表语。故填Now that you are 18。 73．Facing up to your problems is the best approach to working things out. 勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好方法。 【答案】rather than running away from them 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“而不是”应用固定短语rather than，rather than是连接并列成分的短语，此处连接了并列的动名词，作主语，且谓语动词遵循“就前一致”原则；表示“逃避”应用动词短语run away from；表示“它们”应用代词them，作宾语。故填rather than running away from them。 74．As we all know, life consists of . 众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。 【答案】not only sunshine but also hard times 【详解】考查连词短语、形容词和名词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候”，“不仅……还……”可用连词短语not only… but also…，“阳光”可用名词sunshine，“艰难困苦的时候”可用名词短语hard times。故填not only sunshine but also hard times。 75．旅游业促进了城市发展，这转而又将吸引更多的人来此定居。 Tourism has led to the development of the city, which will attract more people to settle down here. 【答案】 in turn 【详解】考查固定短语。空处应填短语“相应的，转而”in turn，作状语。故填①in②turn。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$