第一部分 选择性必修第四册 UNIT1 Honesty and responsibility（Word教参）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

[对应学生用书P239] 分层单词 一、写作词汇——写词形 1．diamond n．钻石 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．bless vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福 4．inch n．英寸；少量，短距离 5．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象 6．burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 7．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 8．superb adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 9．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 10．wrap vt.包，裹；用……缠绕 n．披肩，围巾；包裹材料 11．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地 vt.裹好，打包 12．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 13．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕 14．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 15．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 二、阅读词汇——明词义 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 2．collar n．衣领；颈圈；圈，箍 3．outline vt.概述，略述 n．概述；轮廓线，略图 4．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 5．wire vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n．金属丝；电线；铁丝网 6．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 7．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 8．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 9．core adj.核心的；最重要的 n．核心，最重要的部分 10．ward n．病房 11．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 12．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 13．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓 vi.鞠躬；低(头) 14．nephew n．侄子，外甥 15．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 16．pause vi.停顿，暂停 n．停顿，停顿的时间 17．sew vi.& vt.(sewed, sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上 18．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 19．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 20．garbage n．垃圾；废话 21．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金 22．bonus n．意外收获；奖金，红利 三、拓展词汇——灵活用 1．crime n．罪行；犯罪行为→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 2．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint v．任命；制定；约定→appointed adj.指定的；被任命的 3．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．犯罪，过失；内疚 4．innocence n．清白→innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n．无辜者，单纯的人→ innocently adv.无罪地 5．legal adj.合法的；法律的→legally adv.合法地→illegal adj.不合法的；非法的→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地 6．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依赖；依靠 7．social adj.社会的；社交的；群居的→society n．社会；协会→socialist adj.社会主义的 n．社会主义者→socially adv.在社会上；善于交际地→socialism n．社会主义 8．photograph n．照片 vt.给……照相→photography n．摄影→photographer n．摄影师，拍照者 9．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的 10．forgive v．(forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕→forgivable adj.可宽恕的 11．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望 12．guide v．指导，引导→guidance n．指导；导航 常用短语 1．tear down 拆毁，拆除 2．make one's fortune 发财 3．lose contact 失去联系 4．arm in arm 臂挽着臂 5．under arrest 被逮捕 6．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，对……无能为力 7．weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 8．live a lie 过骗人的生活，为人虚伪 9．frankly speaking 坦白地说，说实话 10．go wrong 弄错；(机器等)发生故障；出现问题 经典句型 教材原句：When he had to go away on business, he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime. 句型：so that引导状语从句 翻译：当他不得不出差时，他总是选择午夜航班，这样他就不会错过白天的任何工作。 [对应学生用书P240] 词汇精讲 1　　suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象 [归纳拓展] ①suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect sb./sth. to be/as ... 怀疑某人/某物是…… ②suspicion n．怀疑；疑心 under suspicion被怀疑 ③suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的 be suspicious of/about sth.对某事怀疑 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①In Samarkand, Mr.Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected(suspect) of drug dealing. ②The drug is suspected(suspect) of causing over 200 deaths. ③Suspecting(suspect) nothing，he walked right into the trap. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④从他不正常的行为来判断，我怀疑他是一个小偷。 Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him to be a thief. 2　　guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 [归纳拓展] ①feel guilty at/about sth.因某事感到内疚 be guilty of sth.有……的罪过/过失 ②guilt n．内疚，悔恨，犯罪；有罪 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①She had feelings of guilt(guilty) about leaving her children and going to work. ②Don't feel guilty for/about taking a day off to get your life back in balance. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ③我们都认为这个人从小摊上偷蔬菜是错误的。 We all thought the man was guilty of stealing some vegetables from the stall. 3　　ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 [归纳拓展] ①be ashamed of sb.为某人感到羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for doing ...某人因做了……而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do ...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 ②shame n．羞愧；令人遗憾的事 It's a shame that ... ……是令人遗憾的事。 ③shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①We thought his behavior was shameful(shame). ②I'm ashamed(shame) to leave you this way. ③We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ④That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. [考点进阶]　句式升级 ⑤He was ashamed of what happened and bowed his head. →Ashamed of what happened, he bowed his head.(过去分词短语作原因状语) 4　　forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) [归纳拓展] ①forgive me请原谅我；对不起 ②forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事 ③forgive one's doing sth.原谅某人做了某事 ④forgive sb. for (doing) sth.原谅某人(做了)某事 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven(forgive) for thinking they are in a city gallery. ②(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness(forgive). ③Forgive myinterrupting(interrupt) you, but I really don't agree with that. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④令我吃惊的是，他原谅了我的错误。 To my surprise, he forgave my mistake. 5　　disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 [归纳拓展] ①be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望 be disappointed with sb.对某人感到失望 ②disappointing adj.令人失望的 ③disappointment n．失望 to one's disappointment令某人感到失望的是 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①He felt disappointed(disappoint) but he tried to put on a brave face. ②Dr.Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing(disappoint)”. ③To my disappointment(disappoint), he did not come. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④因为没有得到这个工作机会，他很失望。但很快，他克服了这种失落感。 He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he soon got over it. 　　pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 [归纳拓展] 　pretend [考点初探]　单句填空 ①I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading(read). ②When my mother came back, I pretended to have fallen(fall) asleep. ③He pretended not to know(know) how to play the piano. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④她打开一本书，假装读书，眼泪落在打开的书页上。 She opened a book, pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page. 7　　mercy n．仁慈，宽恕 [归纳拓展] ①have mercy on对……怜悯 show mercy to sb.对某人仁慈 at the mercy of任……处置；对……无能为力 without mercy毫不留情地 It's a mercy that ... 幸运的是……；幸亏…… ②merciful adj.仁慈的；宽恕的；宽大的 be merciful to sb.对某人仁慈 ③merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①The beggar has no money with which to buy food. However, no passers­by have mercy on him. ②Most farmers live at the mercy of nature where few water storage equipment is in use. ③Nicholas was very kind, merciful(mercy) and generous. [考点进阶]　一句多译 ④幸运的是，我将在两周后回家过暑假。 →Luckily/Fortunately, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacation. →It's a mercy I will go home in two weeks for summer vacation. 8　　lose contact失去联系 [归纳拓展] contact vt.(与)联系；(与)接触 n．接触；联系 keep/stay/be in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系 make contact with sb. 联系某人 have contact with sb. 和某人有联系/接触 be out of contact with sb. 与某人失去联系 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①They keep in contact with each other after graduation. ②According to a recent survey, people in urban areas seldom make contact with their neighbours. ③The plane lost contact with the ground control center after it took off and hasn't been found yet. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④你可以通过电子邮件和我们联系。 You can contact us by e­mail． 句型精析 so that引导状语从句 [归纳拓展] ①so that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could、 may/might、 will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首，而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。 ②当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可变为so as to或in order to的动词不定式短语。 [考点初探]　写出so that从句所作的成分 ①We turned up the radio so that everyone could hear it. 目的状语 ②They worked very hard, so that they finished the work before supper. 结果状语 [考点进阶]　一句多译 ③他提高了嗓门，以便大家都能听到。 →He raised his voice so that he could make himself heard．(so that) →He raised his voice so as to make himself heard．(so as to) →He raised his voice to make himself heard．(动词不定式) [对应学生用书P244] 一、单词拼写 1．They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals(矿物质) and so more fertile. 2．(2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)The garden also contains a winding path that guides(指导) visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 3．He tried to cope with the ever­increasing burden(重担) of his work, but finally his health broke down. 4．When she heard that the tickets had been sold out, she was disappointed(失望). 5．He who thinks too much of his virtues(美德) reminds others of his vice. 6．The police burst in and arrested(逮捕) the thief. 7．Each side declared that it would never abandon its principle(原则). 8．I don't know why she is always finding fault(过错) with me. 9．Tom pretended(假装) to be sleeping when Jenny came in. 二、单句填空 1．We should learn to show mercy to others. 2．Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college? 3．When asked by the boss, he pretended to have known(know) the solution to the problem already. 4．It is fortunate(fortune) that now the public is starting to pay attention. 5．She was disappointed(disappoint) that he never replied to her letter. 6．Being forgiven(forgive) for the past is the most precious gift we can receive. 7．She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 8．Though awarded as National Teacher of the Year, she is guilty for/about spending so little time with her kids. 9．Which of these people do you suspect of the murder? 三、短语填空 1．Let's analyze the problem and see what went wrong(出现问题). 2．Our lack of money began to weigh on(使焦虑不安) me. 3．Years later, we decided to tear down(拆除) our ugly house and build a beautiful one with a garden. 4．Does this mean you're putting me under arrest(被逮捕)? 5．Fishermen are always at the mercy of(任……处置) the forces of nature. 6．Frankly speaking(坦白地说)，I have little money in reserve. 7．He left his hometown and determined to make his fortune(发财) in the big city. 8．I'd hate to lose contact(失去联系) with my old school friends. 9．He walked from the court arm in arm(臂挽着臂) with his wife. 四、完成句子 1．格雷丝过去工作不够努力，因此，她年纪轻轻就失业了。 Grace did not work hard enough, so that she is out of work when she is still young. 2．一发现有动静，警察就毫不留情地开枪。 At the first sign of movement, the policemen shot without mercy． 3．真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。 It's a shame that she isn't here to see it in person. 4．就在那个时候，我开始怀疑我是否应该告诉她那件事。 Just at that time, I began to suspect whether to tell her that matter． 五、教材语法填空 The policeman saw a man 1.standing(stand) in the doorway of a store, 2.with an unlit cigar in his mouth. The man struck 3.a match and lit his cigar. Twenty years ago that night, the man dined here with Jimmy Wells，his best friend.The next morning he left New York and 4.traveled(travel) to the West to make 5.his(he) fortune.They agreed that night that they would meet here again 6.exactly(exact) twenty years later, no matter what their conditions might be or 7.what distance they might have to come from.The policeman said it sounded pretty 8.remarkable(remark).The man told the policeman Jimmy always was the 9.truest(true) and most reliable fellow in the world.They lost contact but he came a thousand 10.miles(mile) to stand in this doorway that night, and it was worthwhile if his old partner turned up. 六、话题写作 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 1．众所周知，尊敬和照顾老人是中华民族的传统美德。(virtue) 2．在过去，大部分人往往帮助昏厥的或者摔倒的老人。(majority; tend; assist; faint) 3．现在，当一位老人被绊倒时，一些人陷入了道德困境，不知道是否去帮助他。(trip over; moral dilemmas) 4．他们害怕被诬陷，让自己陷入麻烦。因此，他们拒绝对老人进行帮助和急救。(frame; scared; therefore; refuse; first aid) 5．我觉得我们应该坚持道德准则，帮助老人渡过难关。(moral principles; carry through) [参考范文] As we all know, respecting and taking care of the old is a traditional Chinese virtue.In the past, the majority tended to assist the old who fainted or fell down.But at present when an old man trips over, some of people get into moral dilemmas, not knowing whether to help him or not. They are scared to be framed, making themselves get into trouble. Therefore, they refuse to help and give first aid to the old. In my opinion, we should stick to moral principles, carrying the old through difficulties. [对应学生用书P245] 一、一词多义之operate [金题速练] (1)The machine is not operating at maximum efficiency.运行；运转 (2)Computers are much easier to operate.操作；使用 (3)They plan to operate a new office in Paris. (以某种方式或从某地方)经营，营业 (4)We will have to operate on his eyes.动手术 (5)Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.起作用，奏效 (6)What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 操作；控制 [名师点津] [相关词块] (1)operate a business/company 经营一家企业/公司 (2)operate a computer操作一台电脑 (3)operate smoothly运转顺利 (4)operate on对……动手术 (5)operator n．操作员；接线员 (6)联想：cooperate v．合作 [图说词义] The lift was not operating properly. 那部电梯运行不正常。 二、动词不定式作后置定语 [金题速练] (1)China has become the first country to land(land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. (2)We have the chance to obtain(obtain) information about how the moon is constructed. (3)This is the best book to appear(appear) this year. (4)The little boy has a large family to support(support). (5)Actually, I have no wish to quarrel(quarrel) with you. (6)There is nothing important to do(do) this afternoon. (7)The question to be discussed(discuss) in class tomorrow may be difficult for students. (8)They have a lot of cases to investigate (investigate). [名师点津] 动词不定式作后置定语常见情况 (1)所修饰的名词是序数词或前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)所修饰的名词前有the very、 the last修饰时。 (3)所修饰的名词和其逻辑主语是被动关系，同时发出动作的是句子的主语，用动词不定式的主动式表示被动含义。 (4)所修饰名词与不定式结构是一种同位关系。 (5)不定式修饰不定代词。 (6)不定式修饰名词，表示将要发生的动作。 (7)常见的修饰抽象名词的动词不定式短语： 做某事的机会 the chance to do sth. 做某事的能力 the ability to do sth. 做某事的方法 the way to do sth. 做某事的权利 the right to do sth. [图说词义] Madame Curie was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. 居里夫人是世界上第一个两次获得诺贝尔奖的人。 [课时作业(二十五)见P364] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$