第一部分 必修第三册 UNIT1 Nature in the balance（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

高考总复习 英语 第一部分 教材全面复习 Unit 1　Nature in the balance 必修第三册 分层单词 一、写作词汇——写词形 1．________ adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 2．______ n．地区，区域；行政区 3．_________ n．大陆，陆地，洲 4．_______ num.一百万；许多，大量 5．_______ n．(pl.species)种，物种 overseas region continent million species 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 6．___ n．坚果 7．____ n．百合(花) 8．________ n．野生动植物，野生生物 9．_______ prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 10．______ adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式 11．____ n．蛙，青蛙 12．______ n．昆虫 13．______ n．牛 nut lily wildlife beneath living frog insect cattle 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 14．______ n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 15．______ vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 16．_______ n．气候；倾向，风气 17．__________ n．温室，暖房 18．___ n．气体；煤气；汽油 19．_______ n．旱灾，久旱 impact damage climate greenhouse gas drought 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 二、阅读词汇——明词义 1．soil n．______________________ 2．ecosystem n．________ 3．mass n．________________________ adj.______________ 4．towering adj.______________________ 5．nutrient n．______________ 6．thus adv.________________ 土壤；国土，领土，土地 生态系统 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 大批的，广泛的 高大的，高耸的；出色的 营养素，营养物 因此，从而；这样 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 7．brochure n．______ 8．belt n．________________________ 9．medal n．__________ 10．image n．________________ 11．shark n．____ 12．whale n．__ 13．deer n．(pl.deer) __ 14．track vt.& vi.__________ n．__________________________________ 15．habitat n．________________ 小册子 地带，地区；腰带；传送带 奖章，勋章 形象；图像；意象 鲨鱼 鲸 鹿 跟踪，追踪 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 生活环境，栖息地 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 16．nowhere adv. ______________ 17．dolphin n．____ 18．resident n．__________ 19．committee n．______ 20．smog n．__________ 21．protest vi.__________ vt.______________________n．__________ 22．profit n．________________ vi.& vt.______________ 23．process n．______________________ vt.__________ 24．policy n．________________ 无处，哪里都不 海豚 居民，住户 委员会 雾霾，烟雾 反对，抗议 反对；坚持声称，申辩 抗议，反对 利润，收益；好处 获益，得到好处 过程，进程；步骤，流程 加工，处理 政策，方针；原则 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 25．branch n．__________________________________________ 26．strategy n．__________________________ 27．recycle vt.________________ 28．subway n．________________ 29．former adj.______________________________ 30．further adj.__________________ adv.____________________ vt.__________ (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 回收利用，再利用 地铁；地下人行道 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 更多的，更进一步的 较远，更远；进一步 促进，增进 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 三、拓展词汇——灵活用 1．____ n．& vt.伤害，损害→_______ adj.有害的，导致损害的 2．______ n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→________ v．使变长→____ adj.长的；长时间的 3．_______ n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→_______ adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4．__________ n．灭绝，绝种→_______ adj.绝种的 harm harmful length lengthen long variety various extinction extinct 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 5．_______ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→________ n．幸存者→________ n．存活，幸存 6．_________ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→_____________ n．消失→______ vi.出现 7．______ adj.全球的；全面的→________ adv.全球地；全面地→_________ v．(使)全球化→_____________ n．全球化→_____ n．地球仪；球体 8．___________ n．应用，运用；申请→_____ v．申请→_________ n．申请人 survive survivor survival disappear disappearance appear global globally globalize globalization globe application apply applicant 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 9．____________ n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→________ v．组织→_________ n．组织者→_________ adj.有条理的；有组织的 10．________ adj.绝对的；完全的→__________ adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 11．______ adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→________ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 12．______ vt.保护；保卫→_______ n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 organization organize organizer organized absolute absolutely entire entirely defend defence 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 12 13．__________ adj.节约的；经济的→________ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→_______ n．经济；节约 14．______ n．办公室→_______ n．官员；办事员→________ n．官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的→__________ adv.官方地；正式地 15．_______ n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏→____ adj.贫穷的 16．______ vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→_________ adj.有毒的；恶毒的 17．___________ n．结果，后果；重要性→__________ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→____________ adv.因此；所以 economical economic economy office officer official officially poverty poor poison poisonous consequence consequent consequently 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 常用短语 1．______________ 突然记起(或想到) 2．____________ 想出，想到 3．________ (公开)要求；需要 4．___________ 采取行动 5．_______ 为了好玩，有趣 6．____________ 奏效，起作用；达到目的 7．__________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成) spring to mind come up with call for take action for fun do the trick break down 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 8．_______ 相应地，转而 9．_________________ 给……带来起色，注入活力 10．______ 由于，因为 11．________ 逐渐增加，扩大 12．____________ 使发生(或存在) 13．__________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 in turn breathe life into due to build up give rise to get rid of 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 经典句型 1．教材原句：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 句型：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 翻译：______________________________________________________ __________________________ 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 2．教材原句：As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 句型：“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”构成的倒装结构 翻译：____________________________________________________ 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 主干知识一遍清 必备知识夯实 词汇精讲 1　　harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 [归纳拓展] ①do sb. harm＝do harm to sb. 对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有什么坏处。 ②harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to＝do harm to 对……有害 ③harmless adj.无害的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Why can certain plants trap _______(harm) bacteria(细菌)? ②The company has been working at developing ________(harm) substitutes for these gases. harmful harmless 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　句式升级 ③Being exposed to violence is bad for a child's growth. →Being exposed to violence _____________________________．(harm n．) →Being exposed to violence ______________________________．(harmful) does harm to a child's growth is harmful to a child's growth 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 2　　variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [归纳拓展] ①a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的…… ②vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 vary in sth. (大小、形状等)不同；有别 vary with ... 随……变化，改变 vary from ...因……而不同 vary between ...and ... 在……到……之间变化 ③various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①The friendship between the people of the two countries has been strengthened through _______(variety) means. ②There are _________(variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn't include English words. various varieties 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子/句式升级 ③(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)Class activities will ____________________(每天都会有所不同), but students must be ready to complete short in­class writings or tests. ④Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well­equipped facilities. →Our school has built a new stadium, ___________________________ _________________________________________. (定语从句) vary from day to day which has various/varieties of/a variety of well­-equipped facilities 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 3　　survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 [归纳拓展] ①survive on 依靠……维持生活 A survive B by ...　A在B死后又活了……时间 ②survivor n．幸存者 ③survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　语法填空 The woman was the only ①________(survive) who ②____________(survive) the earthquake. She survived ③__ little water under the ruins. Her ④________(survive) was a real wonder and finally she survived her husband ⑤__ 5 years. survivor had survived on survival by 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ⑥(2022·全国甲卷)The New Theatre is Cardiff's ____________________________(现存最古老的传统剧院). oldest surviving traditional theatre 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 4　　damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 [归纳拓展] ①damage one's health 损害某人的健康 ②cause/do damage to ... 对……造成损害 ③damaged adj.被损坏的 ④damaging adj.造成损害的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 ruined destroyed damaged 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④过度饮酒会损害你的健康。 Drinking too much will __________________． damage your health 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 5　　mass n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的 [归纳拓展] ①a mass of/masses of 大量，许多 the mass of大多数 in mass全部，全体；整个地 the masses人民群众 ②massive adj.巨大的，结实的；非常严重的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①We must believe in and rely on the ______(mass). ②The little girls looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses __ pictures of them. ③The poor old man died six weeks later of a _______(mass) heart attack. masses of massive 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④从火车窗口望出去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 Seen from the train window，_______________________________________． ⑤另外，大多数报纸几乎没有什么能吸引大众的内容。 In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would _________________________． the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive appeal to a mass audience 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 6　　consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 [归纳拓展] ①as a consequence＝as a result 结果 as a consequence of＝as a result of 由于……的结果 in consequence 结果 in consequence of 由于；作为……的结果 ②consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①The project was done secretly; as _ consequence, few people knew the truth of it. ②Less sun exposure in consequence __ decreased outdoor activity is considered to be the cause of vitamin D inadequacy. ③In ___________(consequent), he joined the twins in preparing the Mother's Day surprise. a of consequence 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④在3月23日，我参加了英语考试，考试中我一直保持着平静的心态，因此，我考得很好。 It was on March 23 that I took the English examination, where I kept a peaceful mindset all the time, ________________________________________． as a consequence, I did well in the exam 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 ⑤首先，这些活动会导致一些学生的虚荣心膨胀，使他们变得傲慢，甚至感到优于其他学生。 First of all, ______________________________ the swelling of vanity in some students, making them become arrogant, or even feel superior to other students. these activities can result in 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 7　　due to 由于，因为 [归纳拓展] due adj.由于，因为；预定，预计；到期；应支付，应给予；应得到 be due to do sth. 预定做某事 be due to sb. 应支付给某人；应给予某人 be due for sth. 应该得到某物 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　赏句猜义 ①That money is due to me, but I haven't got it yet. ______ ②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week. ____ ③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books. ______ 应给予 预计 到期的 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　同义句改写 ④The opening ceremony had to be put off because the weather was very bad. →The opening ceremony had to be put off ______ the bad weather.(due) due to 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 8　　break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)；出故障；失败；垮掉 [归纳拓展] ①break in 破门而入，强行进入；打断；插嘴 ②break into 强行闯入；突然开始 ③break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 ④break through 突破；克服 ⑤break up 破碎；结束；解散 ⑥break away from 脱离；逃脱 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　赏句猜义 ①If Tim carries on working like this, he'll break down sooner or later. ____ ②The elevators in this building are always breaking down. ______ ③Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations. ____ 垮掉 出故障 失败 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　一句多译 ④他让我意识到为了提高学习效率，我必须改掉一些坏习惯。 →He made me realize that in order to improve my learning efficiency, I must _______________________________．(break away from) →He made me realize that in order to improve my learning efficiency, I must __________________________．(get rid of) break away from some bad habits get rid of some bad habits 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 →He made me realize that in order to improve my learning efficiency, I must ___________________________．(get out of) →He made me realize that in order to improve my learning efficiency, I must ____________________．(kick) get out of some bad habits kick some bad habits 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 句型精析 1　　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 [归纳拓展] ①当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，若指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；若指“物”，用“介词＋which”。 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 ②介词的选择依据： a．根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯； b．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯； c．根据句子的意思来选择； d．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①This is a subject about _____ we have talked a lot. ②He mentioned a book, the title of _____ slipped my memory. ③Many young people, most of ____ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. which which whom 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④这里有许多学生，他们之中没有人喜欢这部电影。 There are a lot of students here, __________________________． none of whom like the film 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 2　　“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”构成的倒装结构 [归纳拓展] ①so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语，意为“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。 ②so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 ③“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)。 ④如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型“So it is/was with ...”或“It is/was the same with ...”。 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①—His boss is not satisfied with the disappointing result. —Nor/Neither __ Tom. ②He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it is the same ____ /so it is ____ his sister. is with with 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 [考点进阶]　完成句子 ③你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。 You can't cancel the contract, _________________． ④——杰克对中国文化和民间音乐非常痴迷。 ——他的确如此，你也是。 —Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music. —________ and __________． nor/neither can I So he is so are you 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 考点归纳对接用 核心考点突破 一、单词拼写 1．You're __________(绝对地) right. He is a brilliant cook. 2．The company made a healthy ______(利润，收益) on the deal. 3．When her brother was criticized, she leapt to his _______(辩护). 4．Many people in this neighborhood live in _______(贫困). 5．Her speech made a profound ______(影响) on everyone. 6．Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp，foggy _______(气候) in which they were invented. absolutely profit defence poverty impact climate 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 7．We followed the bear's ______(踪迹) in the snow. 8．I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow _______(过程). 9．Denmark ________(回收利用) nearly 85% of its paper. 10．This beautiful old building has been restored to its ______(以前的) glory. tracks process recycles former 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 二、单句填空 1．An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from __________(extinct). 2．Her nervousness quickly ___________(disappear) once she was on stage. 3．These chemicals can cause damage __ the liver, heart, and kidneys. 4．They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact __ the future of the country. extinction disappeared to on 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 57 5．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)The task John set for himself was to remove _______(harm) substances from some sludge(污泥). 6．Most patients can survive ____ it, but it is hard to value the degree of neural recovery. 7．Bigger dolphins can measure four metres in ______(long) but common dolphins are usually less than two metres long. harmful from length 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 三、短语填空 1．Integrity and honesty are words that ______________(突然想起) when we are talking of the man. 2．Several of the members have ____________(提出) suggestions of their own. 3．Julia __________(公开要求) policymakers to increase the number of protected areas. 4．The stressful job ____________(使发生) her loss of weight. 5．As long as you try, any difficulty can be _____________(摆脱) successfully. spring to mind come up with called for gave rise to gotten rid of 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 6．I think it was those financial papers that really _____________(起作用). 7．(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned ______(由于) lawsuits from conservation groups. 8．These exercises _______(转而) positively influence brain development. 9．It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to ___________(采取行动) to stop pollution. 10．It is the readers who _________________(给……注入活力) a newspaper with their letters. did the trick due to in turn take action breathe life into 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 四、完成句子 1．据报道，新建博物馆的大小是原来的三倍。(倍数表达法) It is reported that the new museum is _______________________ the original one. 2．如果你弟弟能做这件事，我也能。 If your brother can do it, ________． three times the size of so can I 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 3．这个博物馆里有一座可以观看星星、观测天气等的建筑物。 This museum has a building ________________________ the stars, the weather, etc. 4．我们需要一些新人给项目注入活力。 We need some new people to _________________ this project. from which you can watch breathe life into 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 5．虽然年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流，但对于那些习惯使用电子邮件等传统工具的人来说，这可能感觉像一个学习曲线。(while) ___________________________________________________ visually，for those used to working with traditional tools like email，it may feel like a learning curve. While the younger generations prefer to communicate 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 五、教材语法填空 The Amazon rainforest is home to a great variety of plant life; however, its soil is 1.____________(surprise) poor in nutrients. In fact, the soil in the region cannot support agriculture for more than a few years. If a scientist 2.________(show) a report listing the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can survive in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients? For 3.___ thing, the rain has 4.__ impact on the soil. In the 5._____(rain) season, the water level can rise to as high as 12 metres. 6.____ surprisingly is shown one an rainy When 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 the water goes away, it 7._____(take) away the nutrients in the soil. For another thing, due to the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil 8.________(build) up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals break down more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by tree roots deep 9._______ the ground. As a result, most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants 10.__________(they), thus allowing the unbelievable growth of the plants. takes to build beneath themselves 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 六、话题写作 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 1．当今，由于濒危物种被非法猎杀，以及其栖息地被破坏，这些物种正以令人惊讶的速度灭绝。(species；hunt；illegally；habitat；alarming rate; extinct) 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 2．人们已逐渐意识到保护它们的重要性。有些志愿者主动夜以继日地保护它们。(aware of) 3．政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们，比如建立了一些自然保护区。(watch over；measure; reserve) 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 [参考范文] Nowadays, because many endangered species are being hunted illegally and their habitats are being destroyed, they are becoming extinct at an alarming rate. People are gradually aware of the importance of protecting them. Some volunteers offer to watch over them day and night. The government has taken effective measures to watch over them, for example, setting up some nature reserves. 运用能力提高 基本考点强化练 一、-dis­前缀含义 (1)表示“不；否定；相反” dislike不喜欢(dis＋like喜爱→不喜爱) disorder无秩序(dis＋order顺序→没有顺序) dishonest不诚实的(dis＋honest诚实的→不诚实的) disappear消失(dis＋appear出现→不出现→消失) disproof反证，反驳(dis＋proof证实→反证) 专项提能 拓展知识维度 discourage使气馁(dis＋courage勇气→勇气消失→使失去勇气) disarm解除武装(dis＋arm武装→去掉武装) discover发现(dis＋cover盖→把盖揭开→发现) (2)表示“停止；除去” disconnect切断(dis＋connect连接→停止连接→切断) disinfect给……消毒(dis＋infect使感染→消除感染→消毒) 专项提能 拓展知识维度 二、抽象名词具体化 [金题速练] (1)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________(fail). (2)Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate ________(failure). (3)It certainly was, Paris had suffered _ sudden heart failure. (4)The play we saw last night was a success.(英译汉) ____________________________ failures failures a 我们昨晚看的那场戏剧很成功。 专项提能 拓展知识维度 (5)What a great surprise you gave us！(英译汉) ______________________ (6)It's a pleasure to talk with you.(英译汉) ____________________ (7)It's _ pity that the meeting was _ complete failure. (8)“What _ great surprise to meet you here！” Tony said in surprise. 你真是让我们大吃一惊！ 和你谈话真令人高兴。 a a a 专项提能 拓展知识维度 (9)One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation. (10)She tried to make the children live in comfort, which is _ great comfort to her. a a 专项提能 拓展知识维度 [名师点津] 抽象名词前不定冠词的使用情况 英语中，有些抽象名词，如knowledge、 history、 failure、 success、 help、 pleasure、 surprise、 honour、 pity、 comfort等表示抽象概念时，其前面不用不定冠词，如with pleasure、in surprise等。但是，当表示具体的概念时，前面应用不定冠词，也可以用其复数形式。抽象名词具体化的词汇常出现在具体语境中，考生需明确语境含义，把握常考的抽象名词具体化用法。 专项提能 拓展知识维度 (1)a great honour 很荣幸 (2)a great comfort 莫大的安慰 (3)a danger 一个危险人物 专项提能 拓展知识维度 [图说词义] Snow White is a beauty. 白雪公主是一个美人。   专项提能 拓展知识维度 请完成：课时作业（九） 温馨提示 谢谢观看！ [考点初探]　选词填空 ①The floods ______ many precious paintings. ②The earthquake _________ almost the entire city. ③The car was only slightly _______ in the accident. $$