必修第一册 UNIT 5 习题讲评(一)—(二)（练习）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

习题讲评(一)　主题阅读训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·南京模拟)As any cat owner will tell you, talking to your cat is totally normal.And even though feline (猫) friends may seem distant to these adoring talks, a new study in Animal Cognition suggests they really are listening. Researchers in France exposed house cats to recordings of their owner or a stranger saying phrases in cat­directed or human­directed speech.Like baby talk, cat­directed speech is typically higher pitched with short, repetitive phrases.The team found that felines tended to react to their owner speaking in cat­directed speech — but not to their owner speaking in adult tones or to a stranger using either adult­directed or cat­directed speech. Previous research had shown similar findings in dogs, but much less is known when it comes to cats.“Some people still consider cats independent — you cannot have a real relationship with cats，” says lead study author Charlotte de Mouzon, a cat behaviorist at the University Paris Nanterre.Some people might be embarrassed about using special vocalizations for cats, she says, but this research shows “people shouldn't be ashamed.” De Mouzon and her team recorded 16 cat owners saying phrases such as “Do you want to play？” or “Do you want a treat？” in cat­directed and human­directed speech.Then they filmed each cat before, during and after playing it a series of recordings of its owner and other owners' speech.The researchers used software to rate the cats' reactions from multiple dimensions, making the result more convincing. “Although cats have a reputation for ignoring their owners, a growing body of research indicates that cats pay close attention to humans，” says Kristyn Vitale, a cat behavior scientist at Unity College in Maine, who was not involved in the study.“Cats can learn that specific speech has certain meanings.”But she notes the study is too small and that future work is needed to expand the research to other cat populations. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，猫倾向于对它们的主人用猫的语气说出的话做出反应。尽管猫以无视主人而闻名，但越来越多的研究表明，猫也会密切关注人类。 1．According to paragraph 2, what do house cats respond obviously to? A．The owner's cat­directed tone. B．A stranger's human­directed talks. C．A stranger's cat­directed recordings. D．The owner's human­directed speech. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The team found that felines tended to react to their owner speaking in cat­directed speech”可知，猫倾向于对它们的主人用猫的语气说的话做出反应，故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “vocalizations” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strategies.　　　　　 B．Training. C．Sounds. D．Rhymes. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Like baby talk, cat­directed speech ...in cat­directed speech”可知，猫语类似于牙牙学语，为短的重复性短语且明显为较高的音，猫倾向于对主人这样说话做出反应。由此可推知，此处表示有些人可能会对使用这些特殊的发音感到尴尬。因此，画线词的意思为“发音”，故选C。 3．What makes de Mouzon's findings more reliable? A．Continuous filming of cats' responses. B．Comprehensive analyses backed by software. C．Multi­dimensional evaluations of cats' habits. D．Further reference to previous studies on dogs. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The researchers used software to rate the cats' reactions from multiple dimensions, making the result more convincing.”可知，研究人员使用软件从多个维度对猫的反应进行评估以使结果更有说服力，即使结果更可靠，故选B。 4．What is the limitation of de Mouzon's research? A．Lack of sample types. B．Absence of owners' support. C．Absence of scientific tools. D．Lack of experts' involvement. 解析：选A　推理判断题。最后一段中的最后一句话表示这项研究规模太小，未来还需要将研究扩展到其他猫群。由此可知，这项研究的局限性在于研究的样品种类比较匮乏，故选A。 B (2025·广州综合测试)In 1977, Irene Pepperberg, a Harvard graduate, decided to investigate the thought processes of another creature by talking to it.To do this, she would teach a one­year­old African gray parrot (鹦鹉), Alex, to reproduce the sounds of the English language. Pepperberg bought Alex in a pet store, where she let the store's assistant choose him because she didn't want other scientists to say that she had intentionally chosen an especially smart bird.Given that Alex's brain was just the size of a walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg's communication study would be futile. But with Pepperberg's patient teaching, Alex learned how to follow almost 100 English words.He could count to six and had learned the sound of seven and eight.But the point was not to see if Alex could learn words by heart.Pepperberg wanted to get inside his mind and learn more about a bird's understanding of the world. In one demonstration, Pepperberg held up a green key and a green cup for him to look at.“What's the same？” she asked.“Color，” Alex responded without hesitation.“What's different？” Pepperberg asked. “Shape，” Alex quickly replied.His voice had the sound of a cartoon character.But the words — and what can only be called the thoughts — were entirely his.Many of Alex's skills, such as his ability to understand the concepts of “same” and “different”， are rare in the animal world.Living in a complex society, parrots like Alex must keep track of changing relationships and environments. During the demonstration, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird's brain, Alex spoke up.“Talk clearly！” he commanded, when one of the younger birds Pepperberg was also teaching mispronounced the word “green”． Alex knew all the answers himself and was getting bored.“He's moody，” said Pepperberg，“so he interrupts the others, or he gives the wrong answer just to be difficult.” Pepperberg was certainly learning more about the mind of a parrot, but like the parent of a troublesome teenager, she was learning the hard way. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。哈佛毕业生Irene Pepperberg决定通过与另一种生物交谈来研究该生物的思维方式。文章介绍了她研究鹦鹉思维方式的过程和遇到的困难。 5．Why did Pepperberg let the shop assistant choose the bird? A．A bird with a small brain was needed. B．She wanted a very smart bird for her study. C．A research subject should be randomly chosen. D．The shop assistant was better at choosing birds. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she let the store's assistant choose him because she didn't want other scientists to say that she had intentionally chosen an especially smart bird”可知，Pepperberg之所以让店员挑选这只鹦鹉是因为她不想让其他科学家说她故意选了一只特别聪明的鸟，也就是为了遵循实验对象随机性的原则，从而让自己的实验结果更有说服力，故C项正确。 6．What might most researchers think of Pepperberg's study at first? A．Innovative. B．Practical. C．Costly. D．Fruitless. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Given that Alex's brain was just the size of a walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg's communication study would be futile.”可知，鉴于鹦鹉Alex的脑子只有核桃大小，大多数研究人员认为Pepperberg的研究将会是徒劳的，故D项正确。futile“徒然的；徒劳的；无效的”。 7．Which of the following aspects of Alex's ability did Pepperberg's study focus on? A．Understanding concepts. B．Calculating. C．Recognizing voices. D．Creating English words. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pepperberg wanted to get inside his mind and learn more about a bird's understanding of the world.”可知，Pepperberg想要通过研究弄清楚鹦鹉Alex的思维和鸟对这个世界的理解。结合选项可知，A项“理解概念”最贴近原文，故A项正确。 8．What caused Pepperberg's struggle in her study? A．Her instructions had to be easy for Alex. B．Alex was sometimes too clever to control. C．Alex would point out other birds' mistakes. D．She had trouble understanding Alex's mood. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Alex knew all the answers himself and was getting bored.”“He's moody”和“so he interrupts the others, or he gives the wrong answer just to be difficult”可以看出，Alex很聪明，但是它喜怒无常，所以它会打断其余鸟讲话，或者给出错误的答案只为故意刁难。据此可以推断，Alex有时候太聪明以至于难以掌控，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2025·聊城模拟)Have you ever paused to see clouds when you rush to your destination? There's a group of passionate “treasure finders” dedicated to observing and capturing the beauty in the sky — cloud spotters. Cloud spotters take a more serious approach to make sense of the sky. 9 Ji Yun, 36, is an expert in cloud spotting.He set up a social networking platform to gather together people with similar hobbies in 2013.As the number of group members continued to grow, Ji and several cloud enthusiasts created dozens of online groups for different regions in China, forming the Sky Enthusiasts Association in 2019. 10 Power comes in numbers.Three years after the association was formed, cloud enthusiasts from all over China had collected every kind of cloud in the International Cloud Atlas (国际云图集), a reference by the World Meteorological Organization. 11 Cloud spotting, in fact, is an invitation to be amazed by something so common every day that we've become blind to.“You're not going to be worrying too much about what formation it is and why it looks the way it does.” Gavin Pretor­Pinney, founder of the Cloud Appreciation Society, told Atlas Obscura. Indeed, Jiang Xinwei in Jilin finds cloud spotting relaxing.Even though she is going through her toughest school year in grade 12, Jiang maintains this hobby as a short break from her heavy schoolwork.“Observing the clouds has become a habit for me，” the 17­year­old said.“ 12 ” “Clouds change in the blink of an eye. 13 ” said Jiang Na, a 25­year­old cloud spotter in Beijing. A．Cloud spotting can also make some people feel blue. B．My worries and troubles seem to fade away as I look up. C．Currently, there are thousands of people across different groups. D．They take photos of the clouds and match them to cloud type names. E．But that is not to say all clouds spotters need to go to such great lengths. F．When they roll over the sky, I feel the passage of time has a concrete shape. G．This often leads us to think about the relationship between humans and nature. 9．选D　空前讲的是云观测者的工作，空格处应该继续说云观测者还要干什么。D项(他们拍摄云的照片，并将它们与云的类型名称相匹配)承接上文，符合语境。 10．选C　空前说明了Sky Enthusiasts Association的成立，空格处应该说这个协会的相关情况。C项(目前，有成千上万的人来自不同的群体)承接上文，符合语境。 11．选E　空后说明观云其实很容易做到，也就是不那么困难。E项(但这并不是说所有的云观测者都需要花这么大的力气)引起下文，符合语境。 12．选B　空前是Jiang Xinwei在谈论观云对自己的影响，空格处也应该是这方面的内容。B项(当我抬头时，我的忧虑和烦恼似乎都消失了)承接上文，符合语境。 13．选F　空前说明了云变化得很快，是描述云的，空格处也应该是描述云的。F项(当它们在天空翻滚时，我感觉时间的流逝有了具体的形状)承接上文，符合语境。 习题讲评(二)　语用综合训练 完形填空 (2025·青岛模拟)When the three women spotted an abandoned property in Providence, USA, they agreed this polluted parcel of land held 1 .It was where their dream of a(n) 2 farm came true. Holland and her cofounders, Doggett and Purviance, 3 the 2.7­acre property, cleaned up the pollution and created an inner­city oasis (绿洲)．Its name? What Cheer Flower Farm.Its 4 ？ To give away all the flowers they grow to people in need. “We offer products to people who 5 flowers but don't have access，” explains Doggett.“Flowers are a 6 symbol, not just for the selected few who can afford them.Receiving flowers energizes everyone.” Although the three got off to a 7 start — planting started in May, not as usual, they worked around the clock and 8 to donate roughly 10,000 flowers in their first growing season.“We want to 9 the state with flowers and we are very 10 to make it work，” Purviance says.Now the farm regularly brings 11 to people at local hospitals, senior centers and more.Purviance vividly remembers the first flowers she 12 to a home­bound elderly woman.“Her face just 13 .It was as if a flash of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.” Another young woman, who was just broke, thanked Purviance afterwards.“In the 14 time of my life, even one flower lifts me up.” And that, is the true 15 of a flower. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国普罗维登斯，Holland等三人发现了一块被污染的荒地，她们决定将其变成一个梦想中的农场，种植花卉，将收获的花朵全部捐赠给有需要的人，从中展现了花朵的力量。 1．A.courage　　　　　　 B．discovery C．promise D．comfort 解析：选C　根据下文“It was where their dream of a(n) farm came true.”可知，三人发现了一块废弃的土地，那是她们梦想开始的地方，所以，她们都认为这片土地是能带来希望的。promise意为“获得成功的迹象”。 2．A.friend B．individual C．health D．flower 解析：选D　根据下文“What Cheer Flower Farm.”可知，她们想要将这片被污染的土地变成花场。 3．A.purchased B．protected C．provided D．measured 解析：选A　根据下文“the 2.7­acre property, cleaned up the pollution and created an inner­city oasis”可知，三人买下了这块地，开始工作。 4．A.procedure B．advice C．mission D．method 解析：选C　根据下文“To give away all the flowers they grow to people in need.”可知，这里指她们用这块地种花的使命。 5．A.deserve B．study C．observe D．tend 解析：选A　根据“who flowers but don't have access”可知，这些花朵是给没有机会获得花，但是值得获得花朵的人的。 6．A.traditional B．creative C．universal D．unique 解析：选C　根据下文“not just for the selected few who can afford them”可知，花朵是普遍的象征，不只是给能买得起花的人提供的。 7．A.late B．simple C．fine D．busy 解析：选A　根据下文“in May, not as usual, they worked around the clock”并结合常识可知，五月种花有些晚，所以她们努力工作。 8．A.continued B．happened C．managed D．hesitated 解析：选C　根据下文“to donate roughly 10,000 flowers in their first growing season”和“to make it work”可知，她们成功地捐出了1万朵花。manage to do sth.意为“设法成功做某事”。 9．A.compare B．help C．combine D．blanket 解析：选D　根据下文“the state with flowers”可知，她们想要将花朵覆盖到整个州。blanket在此处用作动词，意为“覆盖”。 10．A.nervous B．determined C．lucky D．surprised 解析：选B　根据下文“to make it work”可知，她们对于自己的计划是有决心的。 11．A.trust B．joy C．pride D．honor 解析：选B　根据上文“Receiving flowers energizes everyone.”及下文“In the time of my life, even one flower lifts me up.”可知，她们捐赠花朵，给人们带来欢乐。 12．A.sold B．delivered C．returned D．showed 解析：选B　根据上文“To give away all the flowers they grow to people in need.”和空处所在句可知，Purviance第一次将花递送给一个老妇人。 13．A.reddened B．relaxed C．wrinkled D．brightened 解析：选D　根据下文“It was as if a flash of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.”可知，老妇人收到花很高兴，脸上散发了喜悦的光芒。 14．A.significant B．moving C．tough D．usual 解析：选C　根据下文“even one flower lifts me up”可知，在生命艰难的时刻，即使是一朵花也能让人振作。 15．A.moment B．secret C．story D．power 解析：选D　根据上文讲到三人把花朵送给了医院、老人院的人们，给他们带来了欢乐，使人们振作可知，这是花朵带来的力量。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$