语法写作 第1板块 语法项目(2) 代词、介词(短语)（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

语法项目(2)　代词、介词(短语) 目录 CONTENTS 一、代　词 二、介词(短语) 一、 代　词 考点1　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 [高考体验] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with ____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. 解析：根据句子结构可知，空处作定语，故应用形容词性物主代词“its”。 its 2．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 解析：名词exhibition前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 its 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in _______ (I)． 解析：根据前面的in the visitor's memory可知，空格处需填名词性物主代词mine, mine相当于my memory。 mine 4．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 解析：imagine sb.doing sth.“想象某人做某事”。主语是visitors，故用反身代词themselves，指“他们自己”。 themselves [系统归纳] 类别 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 功能 作主语 作宾语、表语 作定语 作主语、表语或宾语 作宾语、表语或同位语 第一人称 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 you(你) you your yours yourself you(你们) you your yours yourselves 第三人称 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves 考点2　不定代词 [高考体验] 1．(2024·浙江1月高考)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward­-looking _______ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 解析：代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。 ones 2．(2023·全国甲卷改编)Nowadays supermarket tomatoes look perfect but taste of water. __________ is going to have a happy memory of those. 解析：根据句中提到的超市里的西红柿看起来很完美，但食之无味和常识可知，这样的西红柿无法给人们留下美好的回忆，即没有人会对那些有美好的回忆。空处位于句首，故填Nobody。 Nobody 3．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into __________ . 解析：根据句意可知，空处表示泛指“另一个”。 another [系统归纳] each/every each指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”，可与of搭配； every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of搭配 all/both both表示“两者都”；all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物)所有，全部” either/neither either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不” none/nothing/ no one/nobody none指人或物，表特指，表示“(三者或三者以上中)毫无，没有一点”，可与of连用；nothing指物，表泛指，表示“什么也没有”，不与of连用； no one/nobody 指人，表泛指，不与of连用 another 泛指“另一个” other/others other泛指“另外一些”，常与可数名词复数连用；others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other＋复数名词” 续表 the other/ the others the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”；the others＝the other＋可数名词复数 惯用 搭配 nothing but　　　只有；只是 anything but 　　决不 something else 　 另外一件事 or something 　　诸如此类的人或物 every other day　 每隔一天 each other 　　　 (两者)相互 one another　　　 (三者或三者以上)相互 one ...another ... 　 (三者或三者以上)一个……另一个…… one ...the other ... (两者中)一个……另一个…… some ...others ... 　 一些……另一些…… 续 表 考点3　it的用法 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)He wrote down his phone number and gave ____ to me. 解析：空处指代前面提到的his phone number，属于同一个事物，故用it。 it 2．(2024·北京高考改编) ____ is a good option to write about China's fast economic growth. 解析：此处应用it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语，且空处位于句首，故填It。 It 3．(2024·天津高考改编)As a member of Chenguang Middle School, I feel ____ a privilege to address an issue that concerns us all — our commitment to a low-­carbon campus. 解析：根据句子结构可知，空处应填形式宾语it, 指代不定式短语 “to address an ...”。 4．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)It was not just an art class; ____ was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished. 解析：空处所在句为强调句式“it was ...that ...”结构。 it it [系统归纳] 1．it的指代作用 ①指代前面所提到过的或正在谈论的事物等。 The cat is very lovely.It is jumping here and there. 这只猫非常可爱。它跳来跳去。 ②指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。 Who is it in the room? Open the door! 谁在房间里啊？把门打开！ ③指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。 It's about 50 kilometers from here to my destination. 从这儿到我的目的地约有五十公里。 2．it作形式主语的常考句式 ①It＋is＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do ... ②It is no good/use doing sth. ③It's (well) worth doing ... ④It＋is＋过去分词＋that从句 ⑤It＋is＋a pity/a fact ...＋that从句 ⑥It＋seems/turns out/occurs to sb....＋that从句 ⑦It takes sb.some time/money to do sth. 3．it作形式宾语的常考句式 ①主语＋think/believe/make ...＋it＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do/that从句 ②主语＋think/believe/feel/make ...＋it＋no use/no good ...＋doing ... 4．其他含有it的常考句式 ①take it for granted that ... 认为……是理所当然的 ②When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到…… ③It is/has been ...since ... 自从……多久了 ④It will be ...before ... 要过……时间才…… ⑤It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...(强调句型) ⑥It's (high) time that sb.did/should do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了 ⑦It's the first/second ...time that sb.have/has done sth. 这是某人第一次/第二次……做某事 [解题思维建模] 二、 介词(短语) 考点1　表示时间和方位的介词 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)Actually, I will be back in Vienna ____ four days. 解析：表示将来一段时间“在……之后”常用in。 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)He picked me up ___ the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. 解析：在较小的地点，常用介词at。 in at 3．(2022·全国甲卷改编)Cao and Wu also collected garbage _______ the road, in order to promote environmental protection. 解析：由语境可知，此处表示沿路捡垃圾，along意为“沿着”。 along [系统归纳] 1．表示时间的介词辨析 at, in，on ①at表示时间点，在某时间或时刻； ②in表示在(某段时间)内，与表示世纪、年份、四季、月份、上午/下午/晚上、年龄的词汇搭配； ③on 表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日，也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上 in, after 两者后均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用 for, since，from ①“for＋时间段”表示某种行为或状态持续了一段时间；②“since＋时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from＋时间点”表示行为或状态的起始点 before, by before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但 by 表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内 续表 2.表示方位的介词辨析   on, above，over ①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath； ②above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below； ③over指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under, over 还可以表示“越过……” at, in， on ①at后接较小的地方或门牌号码； ②in后接较大的地方； ③on一般指与面或线接触 across, through, past, over，down，along， by，beside ①across指“从……一边到另一边，横过”或“在……对面”； ②through指“从……一端至另一端，穿过，贯穿”； ③past 表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边； ④over表示从上方越过； ⑤down表示“向下；沿着”； ⑥along表示“沿着”； ⑦by与beside 均表示“在……旁边”，by含有“倚，凭靠”的意思；beside指两者位置关系 in, on, to, off ①in 表示在某一范围之内；②on 表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”； ③to表示在某范围之外；④off 表示“(时空上)离，距” 续 表 考点2　其他介词及固定搭配中的介词 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands ____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path ... 解析：固定短语stand as ...意为“作为……而存在”。 as 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways _____ Romeo and Juliet. 解析：固定搭配be similar to意为“与……相似”。in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语，把similar和to分割开来。 to 3．(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. 解析：结合句意可知，这里表示目的“为了”，故用介词for。 for 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed ____ hand rather than rolled. 解析：by hand意为“用手工”，是固定搭配。 5．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ____ saving their environment. 解析：take responsibility for意为“对……负责”，是固定短语。 by for [系统归纳] 介词 用法 against 反对，违背，与……相反；紧靠，倚靠；与……竞争；以……为背景；和……相比 at ①用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前； ②用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、……岁、时节等的名词前； ③以，按(价格、速度、数量等)； ④朝、向、对着某人/某物的方向 beyond (指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及；(时间)晚于 by (时间)不迟于，在……之前；常用于结构“by＋the＋单数名词”，表示“按……计算”；(表示程度、数量)相差；经过，经由；通过(某种方法、手段) for (表示目的或功能)为了；(表示对象或用途)给，对；(表示原因)因为，由于；(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计；支持，赞成； (表示陈述或问题的对象)对于，至于，关于，就……而言； (表示去向)往，向 续表 in (表示地点、场所、位置等)在……里面；在……内；(表示时间)在……期间；在(一段时间)以内；(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)处于……中；关于；在……方面 on (表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在……上；(表示时间)在……时候；关于，有关；(表示方式、方法)借助于，通过……，以……方式 with 和……一起，和，同，跟；(伴)随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；(表示方式)用 续表 考点3　介词短语 [高考体验] 1．(2024·天津高考改编)Always remember to turn off unnecessary lights, use digital notes instead ___ paper, and recycle diligently. 解析：instead of 是介词短语，意为“而不是”。 of 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I thanked him profusely for his timely assistance and handed him an envelope containing the money I had promised to pay him, along ______ a souvenir from Prague. 解析：along with意为“和……一起，还有”。 with 3．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong _____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout ... 解析：此处表示“从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿”，故填to, 和句首的From构成介词短语from ...to ...，意为“从……到……”。 to 4．(2023·全国乙卷改编)Apart _______ the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers. 解析：介词短语apart from意为“除……之外”。该句意为“除了与专业相关的知识和技能外，我真的很擅长电脑”。 from [系统归纳] 常用的介词短语有： instead of　　　　　　　　 代替；而不是 apart from 除……之外 according to 根据 along with 随着；和……一起 but for 要不是 to and from 往返，来来回回 by means of 用……办法；借助…… in charge of 负责…… regardless of/in spite of 不管，不顾 due to/owing to/because of/on account of 因为，由于 [解题思维建模] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Following are four main approaches taken by ____ (we) students. 2．Skiing isn't really so hard, so perhaps you should all give ___ a try. 3．It was Youth that encouraged me to go _________ the hard time. 4．When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______ (they) alive. 5．“Everyone deserves a better version of ___________(they)，” as the old saying goes. us it through them themselves 6．Countries should team up with _____ another to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection. 7．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ___ the wildlife in the area. 8．I've been a big fan of Youth _____ the day my teacher recommended it to me. 9．Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before ___ (it) departure. 10．Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls ____ a clear road map and a timetable. one on since its for Ⅱ.语篇填空(用代词和介词知识填空) Art improves our lives 1. ____ directly and indirectly lifting the morals of individuals, creating unity and social harmony.Art creates awareness 2. ____ social issues.Art may express and reflect the religious, political, and economical aspects of cultures.Art is and can be whatever a culture says it is, or whatever people want it to be.It involves all people, those who come up 3. _____ the idea of the work, perform 4. ___ .Art usually appears 5. ___ the form of diverse architecture, body decoration, clothing manufacture, or memorial sculptures. by of with it in Art copies the natural world.It gives orders 6.___ the world and strength to human life.Art is a means 7. ____ communication.It provides pleasurable experiences along 8. ____ intellectual wealth.Art also helps 9. ____ (we) to express the sentimental (情感的) relations.10.____ can beautify surprise, stimulate imagination, tell stories and record history.As someone once put it simply, “Art is life.” to of with us It Ⅲ.单句写作 1．I ___________________ if you can ____________________. 如果你能给我一些建议，我会很感激。 2．____________________________ the breakfast. 她一看到早餐就睁大了眼睛。 3．Jenna caught ______________and ______________________. 詹娜吸引了她父亲的目光，他们互相看着对方。 would appreciate it give me some advice Her eyes widened at the sight of her father's eye they looked at each other 4．In addition, make a specific learning plan and ______________ ____________________________. 此外，制定具体的学习计划，并与他人分享在线学习经验。 5．Seeing _____________________, he told them to clean up the kitchen while _______________ make breakfast for Mother. 看到他们沮丧的表情，他让他们打扫厨房，而自己帮他们给妈妈做早餐。 share online learning experience with others their frustrated faces he helped them $$