必修第一册 UNIT 4 习题讲评(一)—(二)（练习）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

习题讲评(一)　2篇阅读理解＋1篇完形填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·河南高三下开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G．Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions. “I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any，” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said.Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come. To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking.“It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college's Bush Campus Center.” “Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart，” Niedermyer said.“I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.” To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her.And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors. During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than D|S1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. “I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school，” Santaella said.“I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。 1．Why did Santaella feel very stressed? A．Because a big hurricane was approaching. B．Because she was left without power and water. C．Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes. D．Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane. 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第一、二段可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击了自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Exposed.　　　　　　 B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Contributed. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由第三段语境可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发(Distributed)”。故选C。 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Niedermyer responded to Santaella's ideas coldly. B．Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone. C．Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently. D．Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico. 解析：选C　推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，波多黎各的人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，由此可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选C。 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico B．A Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown C．College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales D．A Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising 解析：选B　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们的生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡，B项“一名学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。故选B。 B (2025·兰州市高三诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.However, in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans' capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300, based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst-case emissions scenario (设想)． The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity(碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2.Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater.Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming. “We need to think about these worst-case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century, but next century and the following century.Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time, but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.We recalculated pieces of a 450-year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing，” said Megumi Chikamoto, who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. The effect begins with extreme climate change, which slows ocean currents.This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won't mix easily with the cooler, more alkaline water below it.That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere.This in turn produces faster warming, which sustains and strengthens the low-alkalinity surface layer.Co-author, Pedro DiNezio, said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在未来，海洋吸收二氧化碳能力的下降会导致全球变暖。 5．What may happen after the year 2300? A．More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans. B．The oceans will lose all their current efficiency. C．The world will face even more severe warming. D．The oceans will be less crucial to global warming. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans' capacity ...decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知，到2300年，海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半；再由上文中的“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.”可知，海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知，一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Improve. B．Weaken. C．Protect. D．Control. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知，that引导定语从句，先行词为“a surface layer of low-alkalinity(碱度) water”，再由上文中“The decline happens”可知，海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”，即weaken，故选B。 7．What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans? A．Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard. B．Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum. C．They will decide on the future of human beings. D．They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown ...none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.”可知，以前的气候模拟只是表明一直以来海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力在减弱，但是没有一个考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知，Megumi Chikamoto应谈到查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收是很困难的。故选A。 8．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A biology textbook. B．A government report. C．A Science fiction. D．An environmental journal. 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响，与自然环境紧密相关，故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊，故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·广州模拟) I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift.I took a __9__ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down __10__.Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were __11__ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better __12__ the road edge and keep to a straight line.But really, I had no __13__ where I was.I stopped and kept the car running to stay__14__.I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in__15__.“Breathe，” I told myself.An idea occurred to me.I __16__ my location online and explained what I was __17__， wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.I got a __18__ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby.I had never been more __19__. Then I saw a big__20__ in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me, __21__ the wind and snow each step of the way.“You'll be OK.Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the __22__.I drove slowly behind him.When we reached his house, I burst into tears of __23__. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。 9．A.shortcut B．turn C．look D．risk 解析：选D　根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知，作者冒了很大风险。 10．A.soon B．fast C．lightly D．suddenly 解析：选B　根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，雪下得很快。 11．A.locked B．closed C．frozen D．broken 解析：选C　根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析选项可知，C项“frozen”表示“冻住”，符合语境。 12．A.follow B．cover C．mark D．remember 解析：选A　根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处说的是沿着路边。 13．A.plan B．clue C．doubt D．problem 解析：选B　根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911.”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。 14．A.awake B．calm C．warm D．still 解析：选C　根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来，但为了取暖，仍然保持汽车发动机运转。 15．A.confusion B．trouble C．embarrassment D．panic 解析：选D　根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.”可知，作者报警求救，却被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到惊慌失措。 16．A.confirmed B．found C．posted D．checked 解析：选C　根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。 17．A.looking at B．going through C．searching for D．carrying out 解析：选B　根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者讲述的是自己经历的事情。 18．A.tip B．reminder C．like D．message 解析：选D　根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息。 19．A.inspired B．relieved C．convinced D．amazed 解析：选B　根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负。 20．A.policeman B．creature C．shadow D．figure 解析：选D　根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me.”可知，此处指的是人影。 21．A.fighting B．avoiding C．checking D．reporting 解析：选A　根据上文“Then the snow started ...I was in a whiteout.”可知，帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来，A项“fighting”表达的含义符合语境。 22．A.goal B．danger C．depth D．direction 解析：选D　根据下文“I drove slowly behind him.”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车。 23．A.hope B．love C．gratitude D．pride 解析：选C　根据上文“But really, I had no ________ where I was.”以及“When we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路时得到了来自陌生人的帮助，故作者心怀感激。 习题讲评(二)　1篇阅读七选五＋1篇语法填空＋1篇读后续写 Ⅰ.阅读七选五 Earthquakes are a terrible natural disaster that will cause lots of danger and damage.In the last few years, we have seen some of the worst earthquakes in history.__1__ However, we do get some signs from animals, including dogs! Dogs have been known to warn their owners that dangerous weather was coming.We can take the ways our dog reacts in certain situations to give us a hand in predicting when something like an earthquake may be about to happen. Although the signs of a dog sensing an earthquake aren't very clear, dogs who sense earthquakes will show certain signs before the event actually happens.__2__ You know your dog well, so it will not be too challenging to tell when there is something wrong.Some dogs will begin to run around in circles and pace up and down crazily.It may appear as if something has frightened them or as if they saw something that made them nervous.__3__ On the other hand, dogs will instinctively look for shelter when they sense bad weather or they feel like they are in danger.__4__ Or if they are outside, they may go into their dog house.It is important to that just because your dog is showing all or some of these signs, it does not mean an earthquake or other natural disaster is about to strike. __5__ But take their behaviors seriously and do what you feel is right depending on the situation. A．Many dogs can tell smelly gas. B．Your dog may run off or hide under a bed. C．Using dogs to predict earthquakes is not new. D．If there is a coming earthquake, your dog will act strangely. E．They will also often bark for what seems to be no right reason. F．Earthquakes generally come with no warning and are hard to predict. G．There may be other reasons dogs may act this way or appear afraid for seemingly no reason. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了狗可以在地震来临前感知地震，并做出一些反常行为。 1．选F　根据后文“然而，我们确实从动物那里得到了一些迹象，包括狗”可知，后文与本句构成转折，指出狗可以预测地震，可知本句是在说明地震难以预测的事实。故F选项“地震通常没有预警，很难预测”符合语境。 2．选D　根据后文列举了一些地震前狗的反常行为可知，D选项“如果地震即将来临，你的狗会表现得很奇怪”符合语境。 3．选E　空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“有些狗会开始绕着圈子跑，疯狂地上蹿下跳。看起来好像有什么东西让它们害怕了，或者好像它们看到了什么让它们紧张的东西”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明狗的反常行为。故E选项“它们也会经常无缘无故地吠叫”符合语境。 4．选B　根据上文可知，狗会本能地寻找庇护所，本句是对上文庇护所的举例说明。故B选项“你的狗可能会跑或藏在床底下”符合语境，且与下文构成并列关系。 5．选G　根据后文“但是认真对待它们的行为，根据情况做你认为正确的事情”，再结合上一段说明了狗会寻找庇护所来躲避坏天气和危险可知，本句是在总结狗可能有其他的原因会躲避或看起来害怕，与后文构成转折，故G选项符合语境。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025·咸阳模拟)Chinese achievements in pollution control, ecological recovery and protection, and green development China __1__ (make) in the past decade were highlighted at a Friday press briefing, __2__ a senior official pointed out China's __3__ (participate) and leadership in global climate governance. According to the press briefing, China has been the fastest in improving air quality and the PM 2.5 level in cities at the prefecture level and above dropped by 34.8 percent from that of 2015.Days with good air quality reached 87.5 percent.Pollution of water bodies and the soil is also__4__ (effective) tackled.Ecological systems __5__ (protect) and restored.National parks are set and more than 300 endangered animal and plant species saw their wild populations recover, marking achievements in protecting ecological diversity. The country has taken __6__ active part in cooperation on climate change.It has done its __7__ (good) to help other developing countries to improve their climate response capacity __8__ (reduce) the harmful impacts of climate change.It also has distributed over 1.2 billion yuan on climate change and trained about 2,000 officials and experts in the field of climate change __9__ more than 120 developing countries. __10__ (head) forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近几年中国在全球气候变化治理上的成就。 1．has made　考查动词时态和主谓一致。make作“China ________ (make) in the past decade”定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语in the past decade可知，用现在完成时，主语是China，故填has made。 2．where　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Friday press briefing，空处在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。 3．participation　考查名词。空前是名词所有格，所以空处应填名词作宾语，participate的名词形式是participation。 4．effectively　考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。 5．are protected　考查动词时态和语态。protect作本句谓语，和主语Ecological systems之间是被动关系，用被动语态；此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。 6．an　考查冠词。此处是固定搭配：take an active part in意为“积极参加”。故填an。 7．best　考查形容词最高级。此处是固定搭配：do one's best意为“竭尽全力”，故填best。 8．to reduce　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has done，所以reduce用非谓语形式。根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 9．for　考查介词。此处是固定搭配train for，意为“为……训练”。 10．Heading　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will work，所以head用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式；位于句首，首字母应大写。 Ⅲ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe. By mid-day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school. Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non-stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power? A plan was definitely needed. Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.　 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.　 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night. The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow. The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved. 7 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$