语法写作 第1板块 语法项目(5) 情态动词与虚拟语气（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

语法项目(5)　情态动词与 虚拟语气 目录 CONTENTS 一、情态动词 二、虚拟语气 一、 情态动词 考点1　情态动词的基本用法 [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前有情态动词can，故填be employed。 be employed 2．(2023·全国乙卷改编)The remarkable development of this city means there is always something new to discover here, and I could ___________________ (photograph) Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。根据“there is always something new to discover here”和时间状语“for the next 50 years”可知，此处表示持续一段时间正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时态。空前有情态动词could，故填be photographing。 be photographing 3．(2020·天津高考改编) Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：句意：吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就可以住在他的房子里。can在句中表示允许、许可，意为“可以”。 can [系统归纳] 1．can, could ·表示能力，意为“能，会”。 ·表示请求和允许，意为“可以”。 ·在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替，不是表示过去，而是使语气更委婉，但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ①Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗？ ② —Could I go to see you tomorrow? —Yes, you can.( No, I'm afraid not.) ——我明天能去看你吗？ ——是的，你可以。(不，恐怕不行。) 2．may, might ·表示请求和允许。 ·用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 ·might比may语气更委婉，而不是表示过去。 ·肯定性应答要用can或may而不用could或might。否定回答时可用can't 或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ①—May/Might I take this book out of the room? —Yes, you can/may. (No, you can't/mustn't.) ——我可以把这本书带出房间吗？ ——是的，你可以。(不，你不可以。) ②May you succeed！祝你/您成功！ 3．will, would ·表示请求、建议等，would比will语气更委婉。 ·表示意志、愿望和决心。 ·would表示过去反复发生。 ①Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请你把球递给我好吗？ ②I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。 ③During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.在假期里，他每隔一天都会来看我。 4．must, have to ·表示必须、必要。 ·在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定回答，不能用mustn't (禁止，不准)，而用needn't/don't have to (不必)。 ·must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有其他时态形式。 ①Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么，你都必须及时来。 ②I must really go now.现在我真的必须走了。 ③I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 5．dare, need ·dare作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，过去式为dared。 ·need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句中。在肯定回答时一般用must，否定回答用needn't。 ·dare和need作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化，都可以接带to的动词不定式。 ①How dare you say I'm unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平？ ②—Need I finish the work today? —Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.) ——我今天需要完成这项工作吗？ ——是的，你必须。(不，你不需要。) 6．shall, should, ought to shall (1)shall用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，意为“将要，将会”。 (2)shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方决心、命令或指示，意为“必须，一定，应该”。 should (1)表示“应该”，在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。 (2)表示“吃惊”，作“居然，竟然”讲。 ought to ought to意为“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn't to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下，ought to可与should互换。 ①You shall fail if you don't work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 ②It's a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾，你竟然如此粗心。 ③You ought not to/should not be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 考点2　情态动词的推测性用法及“情态动词＋have done” [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国甲卷改编)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people ________ take responsibility for saving their environment. 解析：根据语境可知，用于肯定句中，表示“一定，必须”，故填情态动词must。 must 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)When he got older, John started to wonder if this process ______ be used to clean up the messes people were making. 解析：由语境可知，设空处表示一种可能性，故填could。 3．(2020·天津高考)You ___________ have scolded him for his poor performance.After all, he had done his best. 解析：句意：你本不应该因为他表现不佳而责备他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。shouldn't have done sth.“本不应该做某事”，符合语境。 could shouldn't [系统归纳] 1．推测性用法 情态动词 用法 must 只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定；必定”。 can/could 用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为 “不可能”，语气强烈。 may/might 用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。 ①This can't be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。这怎么可能是真的？ ②You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 [名师指津] (1)肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could；(2)表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”；(3)语气的肯定程度：must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。 2.“情态动词＋have done”的含义和用法   含义和用法 must have done 过去一定做过……(肯定句) can/could have done 过去不可能做过……(否定句) 过去可能做过……吗？(疑问句) could have done 本来能做但实际上却未做(肯定句) may/might have done 过去可能做过……(肯定句) 过去可能没有做过……(否定句) should/ought to have done 本来应该做但实际上未做……(肯定句) 本来不应该做而实际上做了……(否定句) needn't have done 没必要做而实际上做了…… ①It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。 ②Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了。这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 ③He needn't have hurried to the station.There's enough time to catch the train. 他本来没必要匆忙赶往车站的。他有足够的时间赶上火车。 二、 虚拟语气 考点1　虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)To express my sincere gratitude, I added a little amount of cash and said，“If it had not been for your kind assistance and trust, I couldn't _____________ (arrive) at my destination on time.” 解析：根据句意可知，空处的谓语部分是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的事实。couldn't have done sth.意为“不可能做成某事”。 have arrived 2．(2024·北京高考)If I _______ (be) you, I would discuss China's efforts to reduce poverty ... 解析：分析句子结构和句意可知，该句是if条件句的虚拟语气。从句和现在的事实相反，应用一般过去时，be动词通常用were。 were 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)She would ______________ (struggle) with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. 解析：根据句意可知，句子属于含蓄条件句，设空处表示对过去的虚拟，故填have struggled。 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)If I _____________ (lack) confidence in myself, I wouldn't have won the writing contest. 解析：由语境可知，空处表示对过去的虚拟，if引导的条件状语从句中应用过去完成时。 have struggled had lacked [系统归纳] 1．if虚拟条件句 (1)基本构成 时间 if从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式 (be动词常用were) should/would/could/might＋ 动词原形 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 过去式(be动词常用were) were to＋动词原形 (2)错综时间虚拟条件句 当从句和主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。 If you hadn't left home secretly, your parents wouldn't be so worried now. 你如果不是偷偷摸摸离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反) (3)省略if的倒装句 if虚拟条件状语从句中出现were, had, should时，可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 Had he caught the morning bus, he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早班公交车，他就不会开会迟到了。 2．含蓄条件句 ·有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。 ·用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 ·虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 ①We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你们的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 ②I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。 ③I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day. 我本来可以演讲的，但是那天我感冒了。 考点2　虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法 [高考体验] 1．(2024·上海高考改编)I suggest that you ____________________ (approach) them with a well-­prepared plan. 解析：根据句子结构和意义可知，空处需要用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用should do形式，should可以省略。 (should) approach 2．(2024·天津高考改编)It is high time that we __________________ (start) with the small actions. 解析：根据句子结构和意义可知，空处需要用虚拟语气。在句式it's hight time that ...中，从句的谓语部分用一般过去式或should do形式。 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates ____________ (be) independent. 解析：根据require后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气可知，此处应填(should) be。 started/should start (should) be 4．(2022·全国甲卷改编)It is urgent that some strong measures ___________________ (adopt) to solve the problem. 解析：根据句子结构和意义可知，空处需用虚拟语气。在It is urgent that ...句型中，后面的从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 (should) be adopted 5．(2022·浙江1月高考改编)I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself.He looked at me as though I _________ (be) there. 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示对“现在”的虚拟，be动词用were。由语境可知，表示否定，故填weren't。 weren't [系统归纳] 1．主语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)某些It is/was＋形容词/过去分词/名词＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hour's exercise every day. 要求中学生每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 (2)用于本句型常见的形容词、过去分词、名词如下： 形容词 necessary, important, impossible, desirable, best, right, advisable, essential, urgent等。 过去分词 suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等。 名词 pity, regret, desire, rule, shame, honor, surprise等。 2．宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)宾语从句在表示“提议”“要求”“命令”“意志”等动词后，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”结构表示虚拟。此类动词有insist (坚持要求，坚决主张), order, command, advise, suggest (建议), propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct等。 I suggested that necessary measures (should) be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations. 我建议采取必要措施来保护儿童远离危险的地方。 [名师指津] 当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句使用陈述语气。 (2)wish后接that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形 (3)would rather后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对将来的虚拟 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)句子主语是表示“要求”“建议”“劝告”“主张”“命令”“决定”等行为动词派生出来的同根名词时，其表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)＋动词原形”结构。这类名词有suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement等。  Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 我们唯一的要求是这事尽可能快地解决。 (2)虚拟语气可用于as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形 4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气 当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语或宾语时，其同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”结构。常见的这类名词有： advice 建议　 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 idea　　　想法 motion 提议 order 命令 plan　　 计划 proposal 提议 request 要求 suggestion建议 We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.我们都同意这个命令：五点完成这项任务。 5．两个特定句式中的虚拟语气 (1)if only引导的条件句及感叹句 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ (2)It is (high/about/very) time (that) ... 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。 It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 该是我们采取一些措施解决这个问题的时候了。 [解题思维建模] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Without his help, I wouldn't __________(pass) the crucial exam. 2．We ____________________________ (be) back in the hotel now if you hadn't lost the map. 3．When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ______________ (answer) your call. 4．The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule _____________________ (develop)． have passed should/could/would/might be had answered (should) be developed 5．Sorry, I am too busy now.If I _____ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 6．It is necessary that he _____________ (fulfill) the task by the end of next week. 7．If we ______________ (catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 8．We would rather our daughter _______ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. had (should) fulfill had caught stayed 9．Therefore, I suggest that we ___________________ (allow) to find our own practicing partners so that we can choose the one most suitable for us. 10．It is high time that you ________________________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. (should) be allowed considered/should consider Ⅱ.语篇填空(用情态动词、虚拟语气知识补全短文) Dear Eric， I'm Li Hua.Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for 3 months half a year ago.I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the US.At that time, you often recommended that 1.___________________ ____________________________(我结交新朋友和适应新生活)．Without your help, 2._____________________ (我不能如此享受) my life there so much.Besides, if you hadn't helped me, my English 3.______________ ___________________ (不可能提高得那么快)． I (should) make new friends and adapt to the new life I couldn't have enjoyed couldn't have improved so quickly By the way, do you know how everything is going with Mr Smith? I failed to contact him after I left America.I'd appreciate it 4._______________________ (如果你能给我)his e­-mail address or telephone number.I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you were free during this winter holiday, how I wish 5._________ _____________ (你能来中国) during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture！I would rather that 6. ________________________________________(你和我们一起欢度春节)．I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you.I would be very happy 7.___________________ (如果你接受) my invitation. I am looking forward to your coming. Yours， Li Hua if you could offer me you could come to China you spent the Spring Festival with us happily if you were to accept Ⅲ.单句写作 1．He suggested that ______________________ early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 2．What a sunny day！How I wish _________________ enjoying the sunshine now！ 多么晴朗的一天啊！我多么希望我现在在海滩上享受阳光啊！ 3．It's urgent that a meeting _____________________ before the final decision is made. 在做出最后决定之前迫切需要安排一次会议。 we (should) start off I were on the beach (should) be arranged 4．If only I _______________________ last night！But I had to prepare for the conference. 我昨晚要是去参加晚会就好了！但我得为会议做准备。 5．If our teacher hadn't provided support and help for us，our performance _________________________________. 如果没有老师的支持和帮助，我们的表演就不会这么成功。 had been at the party wouldn't have been so successful $$