精品解析：湖北省黄石市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末统一测试英语试题

2025年春季学期高二期末统一测试 英语 本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does Thomson do? A．A teacher. B．An advertiser. C．An accountant. 2．Who came up with the idea of the party? A．Eric. B．Sandy. C．Janet. 3．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Brother and sister. C．Salesperson and customer. 4．How does the woman feel about the Language Study Fair? A．Disappointed. B．Interested. C．Surprised. 5．What does the man mean? A．The woman has trouble getting up early. B．He is worried about the presentation. C．The presentation will start at 9:30. 第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Course schedules. B．An important drama. C．After-class activities. 7．What does the man invite the woman to do? A．Join a club. B．Watch a play. C．Perform in a drama. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．Why did the woman feel upset? A．She felt afraid in the driving test. B．She lost her driving license. C．She failed the driving test 9．What was the woman confident about? A．Parking. B．Making turns. C．Driving uphill. 10．What was the woman’s biggest mistake in the test? A．Running the red light at a crossroad. B．Losing control of the car at an uphill place. C．Forgetting to turn her head while making turns. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．When will the man attend the summer course? A．On July 24. B．On July 20. C．On July 15. 12．How much will the man pay for his course and accommodation? A．£980. B．£550. C．£500. 13．How should the man pay the course fee? A．Make an in-person payment. B．Conduct a bank transfer. C．Pay through a website. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．What does the man find the most difficult in his performance? A．Mastering the physical movements. B．Remembering the lines. C．Keeping his figure. 15．When did the man get involved in acting? A．After joining a drama club. B．While studying literature at university. C．When working for a comedy producer. 16．What did the man’s brothers like to do at weekends? A．Watch movies. B．Collect posters. C．Play sports. 17．What career might the man have pursued if not acting? A．A police officer. B．A businessman. C．A doctor. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What counts most in keeping the speaker energetic? A．Maintaining a young heart. B．Keeping a healthy diet. C．Having enough sleep. 19．What does the speaker suggest doing one hour before bed? A．Drinking milk to fight tiredness. B．Avoiding exposure to screens. C．Setting a wake-up alarm. 20．What is the speaker going to do next? A．Take questions from the audience. B．Demonstrate a set of exercises. C．Talk about healthy eating. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 1. How does a BCI differ from motor control? A. It skips physical performance via muscles. B. It requires stronger muscle movements. C. It coordinates a variety of body parts. D. It relies entirely on external sensors. 2. What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A. Measuring brain activity through sensors. B. Providing physical feedback to the user. C. Processing brain signals to identify intent D. Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 3. Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ B Growing up, I disliked writing. It was the last thing I wanted to do and it’s one reason why I pursued science in the first place. In high school, I hated writing essays. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my scattered thoughts into fluent sentences and I often received papers marked with numerous corrections. I began to wonder if I was simply not cut out for writing. And that was OK. I didn’t have to be good at everything. I focused instead on my love for math and science. I took comfort there, knowing objective truth could be found if I searched methodically. In college, I studied engineering and joined a research lab to gain hands-on experience. My first project was to improve the efficiency of a magnetic component. Despite initial disappointing results, I continued through numerous designs. Eventually, we developed a design that halved energy losses. I was delighted — until my professor told me to write that research paper. I knew that if I wanted to become a researcher, I would need to spend time penning papers. But I was scared of failing. In a panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. We defined a goal for the paper, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. He explained that red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient design?” I polished my paper’s outline into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback. Though my first draft wasn’t perfect, with help, I enjoyed the process of improving it. Writing has since become one of my favorite parts of research, helping me organize my thoughts. I’ve even started writing popular science articles, which I never could have imagined during my early struggles with essays. 4. What did the author initially think of writing? A. A piece of cake. B. A ray of sunshine. C. A nut hard to crack. D. A diamond in the rough. 5 What was the author’s main challenge in the research project? A. Designing the magnetic component. B. Cooperating with the research team. C. Collecting the experimental data. D. Writing the research paper. 6. What did the author learn from her writing and research? A. Both require trial and error. B. Both consume time and money. C. Both offer promotion and reputation. D. Both involve burden and stress. 7. What helped the author improve writing? A. Discovering objective standards in writing. B. Following good examples of other students. C. Publishing several academic papers successfully. D. Constantly working on writing and improving. C “Your order is on its way!” Is there any notification that brings more joy than this? But there could be more behind your motivations for hitting “buy now”. A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported “doom spending” — splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress, cause tension in relationships, evoke feelings of shame, and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise. But why is it so hard to resist the urge to spend? The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers. Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. In other words, it’s the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying. So when feeling the urge to buy, pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting, allowing time for dopamine’s effect to flow through the body. You may find that after the effect wears off, you don’t have the urge to buy. For some people, shopping serves as a coping mechanism — a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence. They often turn to that product again and again, hoping it will make them feel a little bit better. However, this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a “treat yourself” mentality after a bad day. If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. But being mindful with money doesn’t have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy. Little splurges and “treat yourself” moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled. Having allocated funds for “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending, rather than one that’s impulsive and stress-motivated. 8. The core contradiction of “doom spending” is ________. A. instant joy vs. long-term savings B. economic stress vs. emotional relief C. cheap goods vs. high-quality needs D. personal choice vs. social judgment 9. Paragraph 3 mainly discusses ________. A. Expensive brands reducing stress B. Advice on unnecessary purchases C. Temporary joy from shopping D. Dopamine causing shopping addiction 10. Repeatedly buying the same product reflects ________. A. wise budgeting B. product practicality C. marketing influence D. failure to self-relieve 11. The author’s view on “small splurges” is that they ________. A. only suit essentials B. should be banned C. are acceptable if budgeted D. depend on income D If you’ve ever hung around scientists, you’ve most likely heard one of them say “the best explanation is the simplest one. But is it? From the behavior of ants to the occurrence of tornadoes, the natural world is often quite complex. Why should we assume the simplest explanation is closest to the truth? This idea is known as Occam’s (or Ockham’s) razor. It’s also referred to as “rule of economy”. And it bears a family relationship to the “principle of least astonishment,” which holds that if an explanation is too surprising, it’s probably not right. The name comes from William of Ockham, a 14th-century scholastic philosopher. He created the principle that “entities (实体) should not be multiplied beyond necessity.” The philosophical claim is a form of ontological minimalism: we should not invoke entities unless we have evidence that they exist. In other words, don’t make stuff up. In 1687, Isaac Newton expanded on the notion with his concept of a vera causa — a true cause, stating that we should admit only causes that were both true and sufficient to explain natural phenomena. He added that Nature did nothing in vain and Nature was pleased with simplicity. Although Newton was a great scientist, this claim seems odd. Who is to say what “pleases Nature”? Doesn’t this guidance assume we know what we are in fact trying to figure out? Consider the world of Physics filled with explanations that are surprising, unexpected and hard to get your head around. Newton explained light as being made of particles, whereas other scientists explained it as a wave. Quantum mechanics, however, tells us light is both a wave and a particle. Newton’s account was simpler, but modern physics tells us the more complex model is closer to the truth. When we turn to biology, things get even more complicated. Imagine two smokers, both of whom went through a pack a day for 30 years. One gets cancer; the other doesn’t. The simplest explanation? For decades the tobacco industry’s answer was that smoking doesn’t cause cancer. Simple but false. In fact, disease is complex, and we don’t yet understand all the factors involved in cancer. Occam’s razor is not a fact or even a theory. It’s a metaphysical (形而上学的) principle: an idea held independently of empirical (实证的) evidence. In human affairs, things are more often than not complex. Human motivations are typically multiple. People can be good and bad at the same time, selfish and selfless, depending on circumstances. The shelves of ethicists are filled with books thinking why good people do bad things, and their answers are rarely short and sweet. Our explanations should match the world as best as we can make them. Science is about allowing things to unfold naturally, and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple, even if it would make our lives easier if it were. 12. Occam’s razor indicates that ________. A. explanations should be consistent with purposes B. sufficient causes can explain natural phenomena C. reasonable explanations are rarely surprising D. simpler explanations should be preferred 13. Why is Newton’s view on simplicity problematic? A. It assumes unknown truths. B. It lacks experimental support. C. It conflicts quantum physics. D. It overlooks biological complexity. 14. What is against tobacco industry’s “simple” cancer claim? A Random chance occurrence. B. Disease’s natural complexity. C. Long-term health statistics. D. Smokers’ behavioral differences. 15. It’s implied in the passage that we need to ________. A. follow the laws of nature. B. balance accuracy and simplicity. C. interpret the world as it is. D. highlight the existence of entities. 第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Does this situation sound familiar? A friend approaches and asks, “Hey, what are you up to this weekend?” ____16____ She replies with her own vivid plan. “I’m going to my lake house, and we’re having a massive bonfire.” What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off, complain or simply share about herself. ____17____ Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. For many people self-disclosure simply feels great. Still, most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can’t just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. ____18____ But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomerasking might be the worst — because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers maybe the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. ____19____ Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them — and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. ____20____ While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer, when another person shares their perspective, focus on them. We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. A. So, we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. B. I call this strategy “boomerasking,” and it happens constantly. C. This behavior can make others feel unimportant. D. You tell her you’re not sure, but nothing big. E. Boomerasking ruins the magic, however. F. It reduces the benefits of real questions. G. So don’t boomerask! 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Bonnie Blumberg has always known her mother was creative and kind. When she was growing up in the 1970s, her mom, Janice Goldstein, always ____21____ to make costumes for the class plays. Goldstein’s ____22____ to her craft was something Blumberg took as a given. In 2017, Goldstein lost the use of the right side of her body. Two years ago, Blumberg sold her mother’s place. While ____23____, she found three knit sweaters in various stages of ____24____. She knew exactly who they were ____25____ for: The first blue garment was for her mother; the second, purple for Blumberg; and the third, a rabbit pattern for Blumberg’s daughter. She ____26____ Loose Ends, which is an organization that matches people who have ____27____ work from loved ones, who have either passed or become ____28____, with crafters in their area who can finish quilting, knitting and other projects, all at no ____29____. They linked her up with a ____30____ finisher, Anna Minmier, to take over Goldstein’s work. Now Minmier’s ____31____ danced a waltz in the following evenings. Minmier spent months finishing the sweaters, and says she’s happy to have a ____32____ in what she sees as a beautiful story that bonds ____33____. All I could do when I met Anna was give her a big hug, Blumberg says, tearing up. “It’s unbelievable how special this project is. I would have spent a(n) ____34____ to get this done.” “It’s not just being nice,” says Loose Ends co-founder Jennifer Simonic, “It’s making sure people have these tangible objects that you can hug when you’re missing a person. That’s a big ____35____.” 21. A. agreed B. managed C. demanded D. volunteered 22. A. contribution B. addiction C. devotion D. solution 23. A. looking around B. packing up C. settling down D. moving out 24. A. construction B. display C. repair D. trial 25. A. selected B. intended C. bought D. kept 26. A. contacted B. interviewed C. joined D. founded 27. A. untouched B. unchanged C. unfinished D. unskilled 28. A. retired B. disabled C. lost D. occupied 29. A. price B. charge C. profit D. reward 30. A. nearby B. productive C. serious D. familiar 31. A. thoughts B. fingers C. words D. works 32. A. voice B. belief C. part D. duty 33. A. families B. neighbors C. generations D. friends 34. A. energy B. effort C. time D. fortune 35. A. deal B. event C. case D. moment 第二节 短文填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Ximeng (1096-1119) was a famous but short-lived painter with only one of his masterpieces ____36____ (survive) as One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains. Painted on silk, this monumental work (51.5 cm high ×11.92 m long) uses simple materials — ink and mineral pigments. Despite its material simplicity, the painting’s composition is ____37____ (remarkable) complex. It unfolds like a panoramic (全景式) story of a Southern Chinese landscape, presented with an accuracy ____38____ indicates Wang’s deep roots in the region. Featuring houses, trees, and figures from shifting viewpoints, the landscape creates ____39____ dynamic visual flow, much like watching scenery pass by through a train window. Its perfection ____40____ (heighten) by the radiant blue-green landscape (qinglü shanshui) technique of the Northern Song Dynasty. Brilliant blue dominates the mountains’ peaks, bold green covers valleys, and pale brown implies bases. This color-centric approach masterfully ____41____ (employ) light, shade, and texture for depth and atmosphere, prioritizing color over line. The painting demands unique viewer interaction due to its vast scale ____42____ tiny detail. It requires three distinct viewings: far to grasp its grandeur, close to examine refined ____43____ (feature), and mid-distance to appreciate its overall impact. This layered engagement deepens the connection, making the landscape feel completely alive. Ultimately, through its ____44____ (expand) size, rich colors, and expressive details, the masterpiece emits qi (vital energy), offering a profound exploration of the visible world. It invites viewers ____45____ (involve) themselves fully, discovering new horizons with each encounter. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是中学生李华。你校英语社团计划开设一个名为“The Voice of Our Generation”的视频号，现正向广大学生征求第一期视频的内容，如：校园生活，成长故事，流行文化……。请你向英语社团写封信给出你的意见。信件内容须包括： 1. 视频的主要内容； 2. 选择该内容的理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右；（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear English Club Members, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Mom guided my hand to the RECORD button. “Press this when the red light shines,” she whispered, her wool sleeve brushing my wrist. Before Christmas, we’d spied on boarding school kids showing off their tape recorders. We’d memorized that sharp click-clack sound when tape touched the machine. Suddenly, Colin’s voice spilled out of the speaker. He was reading A Christmas Carol super-seriously — until I burst out laughter. My own giggle came booming back twice as loud from the recorder! 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Once we had mastered the controls, we began recording. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I also took my first steps down to a broadcaster at school. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年春季学期高二期末统一测试 英语 本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does Thomson do? A．A teacher. B．An advertiser. C．An accountant. 2．Who came up with the idea of the party? A．Eric. B．Sandy. C．Janet. 3．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Brother and sister. C．Salesperson and customer. 4．How does the woman feel about the Language Study Fair? A．Disappointed. B．Interested. C．Surprised. 5．What does the man mean? A．The woman has trouble getting up early. B．He is worried about the presentation. C．The presentation will start at 9:30. 第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Course schedules. B．An important drama. C．After-class activities. 7．What does the man invite the woman to do? A．Join a club. B．Watch a play. C．Perform in a drama. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．Why did the woman feel upset? A．She felt afraid in the driving test. B．She lost her driving license. C．She failed the driving test. 9．What was the woman confident about? A．Parking. B．Making turns. C．Driving uphill. 10．What was the woman’s biggest mistake in the test? A．Running the red light at a crossroad. B．Losing control of the car at an uphill place. C．Forgetting to turn her head while making turns. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．When will the man attend the summer course? A．On July 24. B．On July 20. C．On July 15. 12．How much will the man pay for his course and accommodation? A．£980. B．£550. C．£500. 13．How should the man pay the course fee? A．Make an in-person payment. B．Conduct a bank transfer. C．Pay through a website. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．What does the man find the most difficult in his performance? A．Mastering the physical movements. B．Remembering the lines. C．Keeping his figure. 15．When did the man get involved in acting? A．After joining a drama club. B．While studying literature at university. C．When working for a comedy producer. 16．What did the man’s brothers like to do at weekends? A．Watch movies. B．Collect posters. C．Play sports. 17．What career might the man have pursued if not acting? A．A police officer. B．A businessman. C．A doctor. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What counts most in keeping the speaker energetic? A．Maintaining a young heart. B．Keeping a healthy diet. C．Having enough sleep. 19．What does the speaker suggest doing one hour before bed? A．Drinking milk to fight tiredness. B．Avoiding exposure to screens. C．Setting a wake-up alarm. 20．What is the speaker going to do next? A．Take questions from the audience. B．Demonstrate a set of exercises. C．Talk about healthy eating. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 1. How does a BCI differ from motor control? A. It skips physical performance via muscles. B. It requires stronger muscle movements. C. It coordinates a variety of body parts. D. It relies entirely on external sensors. 2. What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A. Measuring brain activity through sensors. B. Providing physical feedback to the user. C. Processing brain signals to identify intent D. Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 3. Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly.( BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. (起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在 BCI 系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies.( BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应 BCI 系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D 选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C 错误。故选D项。 B Growing up, I disliked writing. It was the last thing I wanted to do and it’s one reason why I pursued science in the first place. In high school, I hated writing essays. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my scattered thoughts into fluent sentences and I often received papers marked with numerous corrections. I began to wonder if I was simply not cut out for writing. And that was OK. I didn’t have to be good at everything. I focused instead on my love for math and science. I took comfort there, knowing objective truth could be found if I searched methodically. In college, I studied engineering and joined a research lab to gain hands-on experience. My first project was to improve the efficiency of a magnetic component. Despite initial disappointing results, I continued through numerous designs. Eventually, we developed a design that halved energy losses. I was delighted — until my professor told me to write that research paper. I knew that if I wanted to become a researcher, I would need to spend time penning papers. But I was scared of failing. In a panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. We defined a goal for the paper, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. He explained that red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient design?” I polished my paper’s outline into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback. Though my first draft wasn’t perfect, with help, I enjoyed the process of improving it. Writing has since become one of my favorite parts of research, helping me organize my thoughts. I’ve even started writing popular science articles, which I never could have imagined during my early struggles with essays. 4. What did the author initially think of writing? A. A piece of cake. B. A ray of sunshine. C. A nut hard to crack. D. A diamond in the rough. 5. What was the author’s main challenge in the research project? A. Designing the magnetic component. B. Cooperating with the research team. C. Collecting the experimental data. D. Writing the research paper. 6. What did the author learn from her writing and research? A. Both require trial and error. B. Both consume time and money. C. Both offer promotion and reputation. D. Both involve burden and stress. 7. What helped the author improve writing? A. Discovering objective standards in writing. B. Following good examples of other students. C. Publishing several academic papers successfully. D. Constantly working on writing and improving. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者从厌恶写作到爱上写作的转变过程。尽管起初在写作上遇到重重困难，且对写作课感到沮丧，作者却在工科研究中找到了自信。通过不断尝试与修正磁性组件设计，作者领悟到写作亦如科研，需反复打磨。最终，在他人的帮助下，作者不仅克服了写作恐惧，还开始享受这一组织思考的过程，并涉足科普文章写作。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my scattered thoughts into fluent sentences and I often received papers marked with numerous corrections.(一连几个小时，我盯着空白的纸，试图把我零散的想法变成流利的句子，我经常收到批改很多的试卷)”可推知，写作对作者来说是一件很难攻克的事。“A nut hard to crack”表示棘手的难题，符合作者最初对写作的看法。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Despite initial disappointing results, I continued through numerous designs. Eventually, we developed a design that halved energy losses. I was delighted — until my professor told me to write that research paper.(最终，我们开发了一种能将能量损失减半的设计。我很高兴——直到我的教授让我写那篇研究论文)”可知，在项目中先是致力于提高磁性组件的效率等工作，本来取得成果挺高兴的，但教授让写研究论文这件事让作者犯难了，后面也围绕写论文遇到的困难等展开描述，所以主要挑战是需要写研究论文。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。从文中作者描述写作的过程，先是花费很多时间艰难构思，多次修改，以及在做研究时也是经过多次设计尝试才取得好的成果，最后倒数第二段中提到“Suddenly it occurred to me, ‘Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient design?(我突然想到，‘当我在寻找一个有效的设计时，我不是也做过同样的事情吗？’)”，意识到写作和研究有相似之处，都需要反复尝试、不断试错。故选A。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I polished my paper’s outline into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback. Though my first draft wasn’t perfect, with help, I enjoyed the process of improving it.(在反馈的指导下，我把论文的提纲润色成句子和段落。虽然我的初稿并不完美，但在别人的帮助下，我很享受改进它的过程)”可知，作者在反馈的引导下不断完善论文的大纲，使其变成句子和段落，尽管初稿不完美，但享受改进的过程，也就是通过不断坚持写作以及根据反馈不断修正来提升写作水平。故选D。 C “Your order is on its way!” Is there any notification that brings more joy than this? But there could be more behind your motivations for hitting “buy now”. A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported “doom spending” — splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress, cause tension in relationships, evoke feelings of shame, and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise. But why is it so hard to resist the urge to spend? The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers. Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. In other words, it’s the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying. So when feeling the urge to buy, pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting, allowing time for dopamine’s effect to flow through the body. You may find that after the effect wears off, you don’t have the urge to buy. For some people, shopping serves as a coping mechanism — a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence. They often turn to that product again and again, hoping it will make them feel a little bit better. However, this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a “treat yourself” mentality after a bad day. If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. But being mindful with money doesn’t have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy. Little splurges and “treat yourself” moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled. Having allocated funds for “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending, rather than one that’s impulsive and stress-motivated. 8. The core contradiction of “doom spending” is ________. A. instant joy vs. long-term savings B. economic stress vs. emotional relief C cheap goods vs. high-quality needs D. personal choice vs. social judgment 9. Paragraph 3 mainly discusses ________. A. Expensive brands reducing stress B. Advice on unnecessary purchases C. Temporary joy from shopping D. Dopamine causing shopping addiction 10. Repeatedly buying the same product reflects ________. A. wise budgeting B. product practicality C. marketing influence D. failure to self-relieve 11. The author’s view on “small splurges” is that they ________. A. only suit essentials B. should be banned C. are acceptable if budgeted D. depend on income 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了“末日消费”现象，包括其背后的心理原因、可能带来的负面影响，以及如何更理性地对待消费。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported ‘doom spending’—splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. (一项调查发现，超过四分之一的受访者报告了“末日消费”——尽管有经济担忧，但为了应对压力，他们还是会大肆购买不必要的东西。)”以及第二段中“Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress, cause tension in relationships, evoke feelings of shame, and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise. (末日消费会让你面临经济压力的风险，导致人际关系紧张，引发羞耻感，并耗尽你的银行余额，而这些钱本可以用于其他方面。)”可知，“末日消费”的核心矛盾在于经济压力与情感缓解之间的冲突，即消费者在经济压力下仍选择消费以缓解情绪。故选B。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers. Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. In other words, it’s the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying. So when feeling the urge to buy, pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting, allowing time for dopamine’s effect to flow through the body. You may find that after the effect wears off, you don’t have the urge to buy. (当我们刷信用卡时，我们感到高兴和满足的原因是它提供了多巴胺的激增。有趣的是，多巴胺并不是在获得某物时出现的。它出现在冲动或前进和狩猎的动力中。换句话说，是试穿完美的鞋子或试驾新车，而不是实际的购买。所以，当有购买的冲动时，停下来，记下商品，至少等24小时再行动，让多巴胺的效果在体内流动一段时间。你可能会发现，效果消失后，你就没有购买的冲动了。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了购物带来的短暂快乐，这种快乐源于多巴胺的激增，而非实际的购买行为。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“For some people, shopping serves as a coping mechanism — a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence. They often turn to that product again and again, hoping it will make them feel a little bit better. However, this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a ‘treat yourself’ mentality after a bad day. If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. (对一些人来说，购物是一种应对机制——一种寻找安慰、建立自尊或自信的方式。他们常常一次又一次地求助于那个产品，希望它能让他们感觉好一点。然而，这种无法正确自我安慰的能力可能会导致在糟糕的一天后产生“善待自己”的心态。如果你觉得需要犒劳一下自己或进行一些自我照顾，把信用卡收起来，选择一些更有益、更持久的事情，比如冥想、花时间在大自然中，或者与朋友交流。这些替代方法不仅提供更持久的益处，还有助于满足你的情感需求。)”可知，反复购买同一产品反映了无法自我缓解情绪的问题，消费者希望通过重复购买来获得短暂的安慰和满足感。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But being mindful with money doesn’t have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy. Little splurges and ‘treat yourself’ moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled. Having allocated funds for ‘splurge’ purchases, and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending, rather than one that’s impulsive and stress-motivated. (但是，对金钱保持谨慎并不意味着要避免在带给你快乐的小事上花钱。如果控制得当，小奢侈和“善待自己”的时刻是带来快乐的好方法。为“奢侈”消费分配资金，并列出从这些资金中花费多少的清单，可以创造一种更谨慎的消费方式，而不是冲动和压力驱动的消费方式。)”可知，作者认为，如果预算得当，“小奢侈”消费是可以接受的。故选C。 D If you’ve ever hung around scientists, you’ve most likely heard one of them say “the best explanation is the simplest one. But is it? From the behavior of ants to the occurrence of tornadoes, the natural world is often quite complex. Why should we assume the simplest explanation is closest to the truth? This idea is known as Occam’s (or Ockham’s) razor. It’s also referred to as “rule of economy”. And it bears a family relationship to the “principle of least astonishment,” which holds that if an explanation is too surprising, it’s probably not right. The name comes from William of Ockham, a 14th-century scholastic philosopher. He created the principle that “entities (实体) should not be multiplied beyond necessity.” The philosophical claim is a form of ontological minimalism: we should not invoke entities unless we have evidence that they exist. In other words, don’t make stuff up. In 1687, Isaac Newton expanded on the notion with his concept of a vera causa — a true cause, stating that we should admit only causes that were both true and sufficient to explain natural phenomena. He added that Nature did nothing in vain and Nature was pleased with simplicity. Although Newton was a great scientist, this claim seems odd. Who is to say what “pleases Nature”? Doesn’t this guidance assume we know what we are in fact trying to figure out? Consider the world of Physics filled with explanations that are surprising, unexpected and hard to get your head around. Newton explained light as being made of particles, whereas other scientists explained it as a wave. Quantum mechanics, however, tells us light is both a wave and a particle. Newton’s account was simpler, but modern physics tells us the more complex model is closer to the truth. When we turn to biology, things get even more complicated. Imagine two smokers, both of whom went through a pack a day for 30 years. One gets cancer; the other doesn’t. The simplest explanation? For decades the tobacco industry’s answer was that smoking doesn’t cause cancer. Simple but false. In fact, disease is complex, and we don’t yet understand all the factors involved in cancer. Occam’s razor is not a fact or even a theory. It’s a metaphysical (形而上学的) principle: an idea held independently of empirical (实证的) evidence. In human affairs, things are more often than not complex. Human motivations are typically multiple. People can be good and bad at the same time, selfish and selfless, depending on circumstances. The shelves of ethicists are filled with books thinking why good people do bad things, and their answers are rarely short and sweet. Our explanations should match the world as best as we can make them. Science is about allowing things to unfold naturally, and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple, even if it would make our lives easier if it were. 12. Occam’s razor indicates that ________. A. explanations should be consistent with purposes B. sufficient causes can explain natural phenomena C. reasonable explanations are rarely surprising D. simpler explanations should be preferred 13. Why is Newton’s view on simplicity problematic? A. It assumes unknown truths. B. It lacks experimental support. C. It conflicts quantum physics. D. It overlooks biological complexity. 14. What is against tobacco industry’s “simple” cancer claim? A. Random chance occurrence. B. Disease’s natural complexity. C. Long-term health statistics. D. Smokers’ behavioral differences. 15. It’s implied in the passage that we need to ________. A. follow the laws of nature. B. balance accuracy and simplicity. C. interpret the world as it is. D. highlight the existence of entities. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥卡姆剃刀理论，该理论主张最简单的解释往往更接近真相，但科学和现实世界的复杂性表明，这一原则并非绝对，真理有时并不简单。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you’ve ever hung around scientists, you’ve most likely heard one of them say ‘the best explanation is the simplest one. (如果你曾和科学家们相处过，你很可能会听到他们中的一位说“最好的解释是最简单的一个)”以及第二段中“This idea is known as Occam’s (or Ockham’s) razor. It’s also referred to as ‘rule of economy’. (这个想法被称为奥卡姆剃刀理论。它也被称为“经济法则”)”可知，奥卡姆剃刀理论指的是简单的解释应该被优先考虑。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1687, Isaac Newton expanded on the notion with his concept of a vera causa — a true cause, stating that we should admit only causes that were both true and sufficient to explain natural phenomena. He added that Nature did nothing in vain and Nature was pleased with simplicity. Although Newton was a great scientist, this claim seems odd. Who is to say what ‘pleases Nature’? Doesn’t this guidance assume we know what we are in fact trying to figure out? (1687年，艾萨克・牛顿用他的“真正原因”概念进一步阐述了这一观点 —— 所谓真正的原因，是指我们只应认可那些既真实存在、又足以解释自然现象的原因。他还补充说，大自然不会做徒劳无功之事，且偏爱简洁。尽管牛顿是一位伟大的科学家，但这一说法似乎有些奇怪。谁能断言“什么能让大自然满意”呢？这种指导难道不正是假定了我们已经知晓了实际上正试图弄明白的东西吗？)”可知，牛顿认为自然乐于简单，但这种观点假设了人类能够知道什么能取悦自然，即它假设了未知的真理。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“When we turn to biology, things get even more complicated. Imagine two smokers, both of whom went through a pack a day for 30 years. One gets cancer; the other doesn’t. The simplest explanation? For decades the tobacco industry’s answer was that smoking doesn’t cause cancer. Simple but false. In fact, disease is complex, and we don’t yet understand all the factors involved in cancer.” (当我们转向生物学时，事情变得更加复杂。想象一下有两个吸烟者，他们每天抽一包烟，持续了30年。一个人得了癌症，另一个人没有。最简单的解释是什么？几十年来，烟草行业的回答是吸烟不会导致癌症。简单但错误。事实上，疾病是复杂的，我们还不了解癌症的所有因素)”可知，烟草行业认为吸烟不会导致癌症，这种简单的解释是错误的，因为疾病的复杂性，特别是癌症的成因涉及多种因素，所以疾病的自然复杂性反驳了烟草行业“简单”的癌症说法。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our explanations should match the world as best as we can make them. Science is about allowing things to unfold naturally, and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple, even if it would make our lives easier if it were. (我们的解释应该尽可能与世界相匹配。科学是让事物自然展开，有时这意味着接受真相并不简单，即使这样会让我们的生活更轻松)”可知，文章强调我们的解释应尽可能与世界实际情况相匹配，科学是让事物自然展开，有时需要接受真相并不简单。由此可推知，文章暗示我们需要实事求是地解释世界。故选C。 第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Does this situation sound familiar? A friend approaches and asks, “Hey, what are you up to this weekend?” ____16____ She replies with her own vivid plan. “I’m going to my lake house, and we’re having a massive bonfire.” What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off, complain or simply share about herself. ____17____ Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. For many people, self-disclosure simply feels great. Still, most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can’t just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. ____18____ But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomerasking might be the worst — because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers maybe the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. ____19____ Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them — and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. ____20____ While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer, when another person shares their perspective, focus on them. We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. A. So, we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. B. I call this strategy “boomerasking,” and it happens constantly. C. This behavior can make others feel unimportant. D. You tell her you’re not sure, but nothing big. E. Boomerasking ruins the magic, however. F. It reduces the benefits of real questions. G. So don’t boomerask! 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“boomerasking”这一现象，即人们在对话中通过提问将话题转向自己，从而剥夺了提问带来的真正好处，并强调了真诚提问和倾听他人答案的重要性。 【16题详解】 前文“A friend approaches and asks, ‘Hey, what are you up to this weekend?’ (一个朋友走过来问：‘嘿，你这周末打算做什么？)”描述了朋友询问你周末计划的场景。后文“She replies with her own vivid plan. ‘I’m going to my lake house, and we’re having a massive bonfire.’ (她生动地讲述了自己的计划。‘我要去我的湖边小屋，我们要举行一场盛大的篝火晚会)”讲述了朋友没有等待你的回答，而是直接分享了自己的计划，由此可知，空处应是描述你对于朋友的询问的回答，D选项“You tell her you’re not sure, but nothing big. (你告诉她你不确定，但没什么大事)”符合语境，承接上文。故选D。 【17题详解】 前文“What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off, complain or simply share about herself. (看似对你真正感兴趣表达，突然转变成了你朋友炫耀、抱怨或只是分享自己的机会)”描述了朋友通过提问将话题转向自己的现象，后文“Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves.(就像回旋镖的弯曲一样，‘boomeraskers ’(提问后将话题转向自己的人) 会问一个问题，让他们的对话伙伴回答，然后立即把话题的焦点转移到自己身上)”对这种现象进行了比喻和解释，由此可知，空处应是引出这种现象的名称，B选项“I call this strategy ‘boomerasking,’ and it happens constantly. (我把这种策略称为‘boomerasking’，这种情况经常发生)”符合语境，引出下文。故选B。 【18题详解】 前文“For many people, self-disclosure simply feels great. Still, most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can’t just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. (对许多人来说，自我表露让人感觉很好。尽管如此，我们大多数人都意识到，我们不能总是四处炫耀、抱怨和谈论自己)”描述了人们意识到不能总是自我表露、炫耀和抱怨。后文“But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomerasking might be the worst — because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions. (但是，在我们试图掩盖自我中心主义的所有看似巧妙和明显的方式中，‘boomerasking’可能是最糟糕的 —— 因为它剥夺了提问带来的惊人好处)”对“boomerasking”进行了评价，指出其是最糟糕的方式，因为它剥夺了提问的好处，由此可知，空处应是描述人们为了掩盖自我中心主义而采取的一些间接习惯，A选项“So, we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. (所以，我们试图用一些间接的习惯来解决这个问题)”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 【19题详解】 前文“Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers maybe the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. (提出真诚的问题，倾听他人的答案，并对这些答案进行跟进，这可能是达成共识和建立人际关系的最简单、最有效的方法)”描述了真诚提问和倾听他人答案的重要性。后文“Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them—and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. (没有跟进伴侣的答案，而是自己回答了问题，这会让别人觉得你不关心他们——而且可能从一开始你问这个问题的时候就不关心他们)”对没有跟进伴侣答案的行为进行了批评，指出其会让别人觉得不被关心，由此可知，空处应是描述“boomerasking”对真正问题好处的破坏，E选项“Boomerasking ruins the magic, however. (然而，‘boomerasking’破坏了这种魔力。)”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 【20题详解】 根据后文“While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer, when another person shares their perspective, focus on them. We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. (虽然分享自己的感受很好，可以让我们更亲近，但当别人分享他们的观点时，我们要关注他们。在我们回去证明自己有多有趣之前，我们都应该更关注我们的伴侣)”可知，此处强调了关注他人和真诚倾听的重要性，由此可知，空处应是总结全文，强调不要“boomerask”，G选项“So don’t boomerask! (所以不要‘boomerasking’了！)”符合语境，引出下文。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Bonnie Blumberg has always known her mother was creative and kind. When she was growing up in the 1970s, her mom, Janice Goldstein, always ____21____ to make costumes for the class plays. Goldstein’s ____22____ to her craft was something Blumberg took as a given. In 2017, Goldstein lost the use of the right side of her body. Two years ago, Blumberg sold her mother’s place. While ____23____, she found three knit sweaters in various stages of ____24____. She knew exactly who they were ____25____ for: The first blue garment was for her mother; the second, purple for Blumberg; and the third, a rabbit pattern for Blumberg’s daughter. She ____26____ Loose Ends, which is an organization that matches people who have ____27____ work from loved ones, who have either passed or become ____28____, with crafters in their area who can finish quilting, knitting and other projects, all at no ____29____. They linked her up with a ____30____ finisher, Anna Minmier, to take over Goldstein’s work. Now Minmier’s ____31____ danced a waltz in the following evenings. Minmier spent months finishing the sweaters, and says she’s happy to have a ____32____ in what she sees as a beautiful story that bonds ____33____. All I could do when I met Anna was give her a big hug, Blumberg says, tearing up. “It’s unbelievable how special this project is. I would have spent a(n) ____34____ to get this done.” “It’s not just being nice,” says Loose Ends co-founder Jennifer Simonic, “It’s making sure people have these tangible objects that you can hug when you’re missing a person. That’s a big ____35____.” 21. A. agreed B. managed C. demanded D. volunteered 22. A. contribution B. addiction C. devotion D. solution 23. A. looking around B. packing up C. settling down D. moving out 24. A. construction B. display C. repair D. trial 25. A. selected B. intended C. bought D. kept 26. A. contacted B. interviewed C. joined D. founded 27. A. untouched B. unchanged C. unfinished D. unskilled 28. A. retired B. disabled C. lost D. occupied 29. A. price B. charge C. profit D. reward 30. A. nearby B. productive C. serious D. familiar 31. A. thoughts B. fingers C. words D. works 32. A. voice B. belief C. part D. duty 33. A. families B. neighbors C. generations D. friends 34. A. energy B. effort C. time D. fortune 35. A. deal B. event C. case D. moment 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bonnie Blumberg的母亲因身体原因无法完成编织的毛衣，Bonnie通过Loose Ends组织找到Anna Minmier帮助完成，最终实现了三代人的心愿，传递了亲情和温暖的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上世纪70年代，当她还是个小女孩的时候，她的母亲Janice Goldstein总是自愿为班级戏剧制作服装。A. agreed同意；B. managed设法；C. demanded要求；D. volunteered自愿做。根据上文“Bonnie Blumberg has always known her mother was creative and kind.”可知，母亲很有爱心，所以她自愿为班级戏剧制作服装。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Goldstein对她的手艺的热爱是Blumberg认为理所当然的事情。A. contribution贡献；B. addiction上瘾；C. devotion热爱；D. solution解决方案。根据上文“make costumes for the class plays”可知，母亲喜欢做手工，所以她对手艺的热爱是Blumberg认为理所当然的事情。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两年前，Blumberg卖掉了她母亲的房子。在收拾行李时，她发现了三件针织毛衣，处于不同的编织阶段。A. looking around环顾四周；B. packing up收拾行李；C. settling down定居；D. moving out搬出去。根据上文“Blumberg sold her mother’s place.”可知，Blumberg要卖掉母亲的房子，所以此处指收拾行李。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. construction建设；B. display展示；C. repair修理；D. trial试验。根据下文“who can finish quilting, knitting and other projects”可知，这些毛衣还没有编织完成，所以是处于不同的编织阶段。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她清楚地知道这些毛衣是为谁准备的：第一件蓝色的毛衣是给她母亲的；第二件紫色的毛衣是给Blumberg的；第三件兔子图案的毛衣是给Blumberg的女儿的。A. selected选择；B. intended打算；C. bought买；D. kept保持。根据下文“The first blue garment was for her mother; the second, purple for Blumberg; and the third, a rabbit pattern for Blumberg’s daughter.”可知，这些毛衣是母亲为她们准备的。be intended for“打算为……所用”。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她联系了Loose Ends，这是一个将那些有来自已故或残疾亲人未完成工作的人与他们所在地区能够完成绗缝、编织和其他项目的工匠相匹配的组织，所有这些都是免费的。A. contacted联系；B. interviewed采访；C. joined加入；D. founded建立。根据下文“They linked her up with a 10 finisher, Anna Minmier, to take over Goldstein’s work.”可知，她联系了Loose Ends这个组织。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. untouched未受影响；B. unchanged未改变的；C. unfinished未完成的；D. unskilled不熟练的。根据下文“who can finish quilting, knitting and other projects”可知，这些项目是未完成的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. retired退休的；B. disabled残疾的；C. lost丢失的；D. occupied占用的。根据上文“In 2017, Goldstein lost the use of the right side of her body.”可知，此处指那些已故或残疾亲人的未完成工作。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. price价格；B. charge收费；C. profit利润；D. reward报酬。根据下文“all at no”可知，这个组织是免费的，不收取任何费用，at no charge“免费”。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们把她和附近的编织工Anna Minmier联系起来，让她接手Goldstein的工作。A. nearby附近的；B. productive多产的；C. serious严肃的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“with crafters in their area”可知，这个组织是联系她所在地区的工匠，所以是附近的编织工。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个晚上，Minmier的手指随着华尔兹舞动。A. thoughts思想；B. fingers手指；C. words单词；D. works作品。根据下文“Minmier spent months finishing the sweaters”可知，Minmier是编织工，所以是手指随着华尔兹舞动。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Minmier花了几个月的时间完成了这些毛衣，她说她很高兴能在这个她认为连接几代人的美丽故事中扮演一个角色。A. voice声音；B. belief信仰；C. part角色；D. duty责任。根据下文“in what she sees as a beautiful story that bonds 13.”可知，Minmier很高兴能在这个故事中扮演一个角色。play a part in“在……中扮演角色”。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. families家庭；B. neighbors邻居；C. generations几代人；D. friends朋友。根据上文“The first blue garment was for her mother; the second, purple for Blumberg; and the third, a rabbit pattern for Blumberg’s daughter.”可知，这些毛衣是为三代人准备，所以这个故事连接了几代人。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Anna时，我能做的就是给她一个大大的拥抱，Blumberg含着泪说。“这个项目太特别了，简直难以置信。我愿意花任何代价来完成它。”A. energy能量；B. effort努力；C. time时间；D. fortune财富。根据上文“It’s unbelievable how special this project is.”可知，这个项目很特别，所以Blumberg愿意花任何代价来完成它。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这不仅仅是出于善意”，Loose Ends的联合创始人詹妮弗・西蒙尼克说，“这是要确保人们能拥有这些实实在在的物件，当你思念一个人时，可以紧紧抱着它们。这意义非凡。”A. deal交易，意义；B. event事件；C. case案例；D. moment时刻。根据上文“It’s making sure people have these tangible objects that you can hug when you’re missing a person.”可知，人们在想念一个人的时候能拥有这些可以拥抱的有形物品，这意义重大。a big deal表示“意义重大的事”。故选A。 第二节 短文填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Ximeng (1096-1119) was a famous but short-lived painter with only one of his masterpieces ____36____ (survive) as One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains. Painted on silk, this monumental work (51.5 cm high ×11.92 m long) uses simple materials — ink and mineral pigments. Despite its material simplicity, the painting’s composition is ____37____ (remarkable) complex. It unfolds like a panoramic (全景式的) story of a Southern Chinese landscape, presented with an accuracy ____38____ indicates Wang’s deep roots in the region. Featuring houses, trees, and figures from shifting viewpoints, the landscape creates ____39____ dynamic visual flow, much like watching scenery pass by through a train window. Its perfection ____40____ (heighten) by the radiant blue-green landscape (qinglü shanshui) technique of the Northern Song Dynasty. Brilliant blue dominates the mountains’ peaks, bold green covers valleys, and pale brown implies bases. This color-centric approach masterfully ____41____ (employ) light, shade, and texture for depth and atmosphere, prioritizing color over line. The painting demands unique viewer interaction due to its vast scale ____42____ tiny detail. It requires three distinct viewings: far to grasp its grandeur, close to examine refined ____43____ (feature), and mid-distance to appreciate its overall impact. This layered engagement deepens the connection, making the landscape feel completely alive. Ultimately, through its ____44____ (expand) size, rich colors, and expressive details, the masterpiece emits qi (vital energy), offering a profound exploration of the visible world. It invites viewers ____45____ (involve) themselves fully, discovering new horizons with each encounter. 【答案】36. surviving 37. remarkably 38. that##which 39. a 40. is heightened 41. employs 42. but 43. features 44. expansive 45. to involve 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北宋画家王希孟的传世名作《千里江山图》。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：王希孟（1096-1119）是一位著名但短命的画家，他只有一幅杰作《千里江山图》流传下来。“with only one of his masterpieces ______ (survive)”是with复合结构，survive(幸存，留存)作其中宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“only one of his masterpieces”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填surviving。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管材料简单，但这幅画的构图却极为复杂。提示词修饰形容词“complex”，用副词remarkably作状语，意为“非常，极为”。故填remarkably。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它就像一幅中国南方风景的全景故事，以一种表明王希孟在该地区有着深厚根基的准确性呈现出来。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“accuracy”，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或者which引导从句。故填that或which。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：从不同的视角描绘房屋、树木和人物，这幅风景画创造了一种动态的视觉流动，就像透过火车车窗观看风景掠过一样。flow(流动)是可数名词单数，泛指，前面需加不定冠词，因 “dynamic”发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：北宋灿烂的青绿山水技法使它的完美更上一层楼。heighten(提高，增强)是谓语动词，与主语“Its perfection”之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is heightened。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种以色彩为中心的方法巧妙地运用光、影和纹理来营造深度和氛围，将色彩置于线条之上。employ(运用)是谓语动词，与主语“This color-centric approach”之间是主动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填employs。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：这幅画作规模宏大但细节精细，要求观者以独特的方式与之互动。“its vast scale”和“tiny detail”之间是转折对比关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 【43题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它需要三种不同的观看方式：远观以领略其宏伟，近观以欣赏其精致的细节，中距离观看以欣赏其整体效果。可数名词feature作宾语，意为“细节”，结合句意和常识，细节有很多处，应用复数features。故填features。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最终，通过其广阔的尺寸、丰富的色彩和富有表现力的细节，这幅杰作散发出气（生命力），为可见世界提供了深刻的探索。提示词修饰名词size，应用形容词expansive作定语，意为“广阔的”。故填expansive。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它邀请观众全身心地投入其中，每次相遇都能发现新的视野。invite sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“邀请某人做某事”，用不定式to involve，作宾语补足语。故填to involve。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是中学生李华。你校英语社团计划开设一个名为“The Voice of Our Generation”的视频号，现正向广大学生征求第一期视频的内容，如：校园生活，成长故事，流行文化……。请你向英语社团写封信给出你的意见。信件内容须包括： 1. 视频的主要内容； 2. 选择该内容的理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右；（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear English Club Members, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Possible Version One Dear English Club Members, I’m Li Hua, thrilled about the “The Voice of Our Generation” project. For the first video, I recommend focusing on “Creative Student Initiatives”, such as eco-friendly campaigns, tech clubs, or peer-led community service. These projects reflect our generation’s innovation, collaboration, and social awareness. This theme not only highlights our proactive spirit but also inspires others to contribute positively. By showcasing real examples of students solving problems, the video would resonate deeply with peers and demonstrate the impact young voices can have. It’s engaging, authentic, and perfectly aligns with the channel’s mission. Thank you for considering my idea! Sincerely, Li Hua Possible Version Two Dear English Club Members, I am Li Hua, a Senior 2 student from Mingqi Middle School. I am writing to offer my suggestions for the first video of “The Voice of Our Generation”. I propose that the first video should focus on “campus life”. It can include scenes from our daily classes, club activities, and sports events. The reason is that campus life is the most familiar and vivid part of our generation. It reflects our efforts, dreams, and the bonds we form with classmates and teachers. Through sharing campus life, students from different grades can better understand each other and feel a sense of belonging. Moreover, it can also present our school spirit to the outside world, attracting more students to explore our wonderful campus. I sincerely hope my idea can be considered. Looking forward to seeing the wonderful first video. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校英语社团写信，就“The Voice of Our Generation”视频号第一期视频的内容给出意见，包括视频的主要内容和选择该内容的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：thrilled → excited 推荐：recommend → suggest 聚焦：focus on → concentrate on 激励：inspire → motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I recommend focusing on “Creative Student Initiatives”, such as eco-friendly campaigns, tech clubs, or peer-led community service. 拓展句：I recommend that we should focus on “Creative Student Initiatives”, which include eco-friendly campaigns, tech clubs, or peer-led community service. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This theme not only highlights our proactive spirit but also inspires others to contribute positively. (运用了“not only...but also...”连接并列结构) 【高分句型2】By showcasing real examples of students solving problems, the video would resonate deeply with peers and demonstrate the impact young voices can have. (运用了动名词短语作宾语，以及省略关系代词的定语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Mom guided my hand to the RECORD button. “Press this when the red light shines,” she whispered, her wool sleeve brushing my wrist. Before Christmas, we’d spied on boarding school kids showing off their tape recorders. We’d memorized that sharp click-clack sound when tape touched the machine. Suddenly, Colin’s voice spilled out of the speaker. He was reading A Christmas Carol super-seriously — until I burst out laughter. My own giggle came booming back twice as loud from the recorder! 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Once we had mastered the controls, we began recording. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I also took my first steps down to a broadcaster at school. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Once we had mastered the controls, we began recording. We recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. I also took my first steps down to a broadcaster at school. When I returned to school after the holidays, I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. Several weeks later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into the school radio station, working as a broadcast journalist. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. My dad might never have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 【解析】 【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者和哥哥都是盲人，在圣诞节时，父亲送给了他们一个录音机，这让他们非常兴奋。他们学会了如何使用录音机，记录下了生活中的各种声音，这让作者第一次有了自我意识，感觉自己是一个独立的人。后来，作者回到学校后，受到启发，开始制作自己的广播节目，并最终成为了一名广播记者。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“一旦我们掌握了控制装置，我们就开始录音。”可知，第一段可描写作者和哥哥掌握了录音机使用方法后，用它记录了生活中的各种声音，以及作者对此的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“我也迈出了成为学校广播员的第一步。”可知，第二段可描写作者回到学校后，如何利用录音机制作广播节目，并最终成为了一名广播记者。 2.续写线索：掌握录音机使用方法——记录声音——有了自我意识——回到学校——制作广播节目——成为广播记者——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①记录：record/document/take down ②开始：start/begin/set about ③凭借：in the style of/by means of/through the medium of 情绪类 ①兴奋：exciting/thrilling ②幸运：lucky/fortunate 【点睛】[高分句型1] For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. (运用了that引导定语从句和who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] My dad might never have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$