【同步100分背默】Unit4 Inventions-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教版2024）

【同步100分背默】Unit4 Inventions 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1.__________/bəˈluːn/n. 气球 2.__________ /wiːl/ n. 轮；车轮 3.__________ /'sentrəl/ adj. 在中心的 4.__________/ɔːl'ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管；即使 5.__________ /ə'tætʃ/ v.把……固定；把……附（在……上） 6.__________/pʊl/ v.拉；拽；扯；拖 7.__________ /ˌɪntə'næʃnəl/ adj. 国际的 8.__________/pɑːθ/n.小路；小径 9.__________/tek'niːk/n. 技巧；技艺 10.__________/dɪ'pend/ v.需要；依靠 11.__________ /daʊt/n.疑惑；疑问 12.__________ /'pɜːsənəli/adv. 就个人意见 13.*__________ /prɪ'dɪkʃn/ n.预言；预测 14.__________ /'steɪtmənt/n.说明 15.__________/'benɪfɪt/ n.益处；优势 16.__________ /wɪŋ/n.（飞行器的）翅膀；机翼 17.__________ /'dɪstəns/ n.距离 18.__________ /'petrəl/ n.汽油 19.__________ /ə'vɔɪd/ v.避免；防止 20.__________ /'eniweə(r)/adv.在（或去）任何地方 21.__________ /'nəʊtɪs/ v.看（或听）到；注意到 22.__________ /taɪp/n.（印刷用的）活字 23.*__________ /'mɪkstʃə(r)/ n.混合物 24.__________ /hiːt/v.加热；变热 25.__________ /pres/v.（被）压 26.__________ /'metl/n. 金属 词汇 拓展 1. balloon（复数）→ __________ 2. attach（过去式）→ __________ 3. pull（过去式）→ __________ 4. depend（过去式）→ __________ 5. avoid（过去式）→ __________ 6. notice（过去式）→ __________ 7. heat（过去式）→ __________ 8. press（过去式）→ __________ 9. benefit（动词，“得益于”）→ __________ 10. international（名词，“国际”）→ __________ 重点 短语 1.__________locomotive 蒸汽机车 2.__________spacecraft 载人航天器 3.__________foot步行 4.a __________of几个；若干 5.__________place发生；进行 6.for __________例如；比如 7.large __________of大量 8.international __________国际贸易 9.__________on依靠；依赖 10.3D __________3D 打印机 11.without __________毫无疑问 12.of __________time自古以来；有史以来 13.make __________of取笑；拿……开玩笑 14.__________jam堵车；交通阻塞 重点 句子 1. 轮子的发明对国际贸易产生了巨大影响。 The invention of the __________ had a great influence on __________ __________. 2. 3D打印机可以打印出大量不同类型的物品。 __________ can print __________ __________ __________ different types of objects. 3. 毫无疑问，蒸汽机的出现改变了世界。 __________ __________, the steam engine changed the world. 4. 人们依靠汽车出行，但也因此面临堵车问题。 People __________ __________ cars for transportation, but they also face __________ __________. 5. 自古以来，许多发明让我们的生活更便捷。 __________ __________ __________, a number of inventions have made our life more convenient. 二．课文背默 Reading The wonder of the wheel When the first humans d 1 to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in s 2 of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking a 3 the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes t 4 place. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. A 5 this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the i 6 of the wheel. Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for s 7 , but the inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery . Later, they r 8 that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention i 9 national and international trade. The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did b 10 with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. The roads were old walking paths. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the a 11 of the wheel. The Romans then invented new road - building techniques. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today. The wheel not only changed the way humans moved, but it also a 12 us to build all types of amazing machines. Windmills , clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution d 13 on the wheel. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. Without d 14 , the wheel is o 15 of the most important inventions of all time. 车轮的奇迹 10 万多年前，当第一批人类决定离开家园，去寻找新的居住地和更充足的食物来源时，他们依靠步行。在接下来的 9.4 万年里，人类持续徒步走遍全球，直到大约 6000 年前，一系列重要变革发生。比如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。尽管这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物依旧是件难事。不过，几百年后，随着车轮的发明，一切都改变了。 谁最先发明了车轮？我们永远无法确切知晓，但发明者可能最初用轮子制作陶器 。后来，他们意识到还可以用轮子来运输人员和货物。很快，他们把轮子装到了马拉的车辆上。农民突然能够把货物运到很远的集市。这项发明促进了国内和国际贸易。 车轮改变了村庄、城镇乃至国家之间的贸易往来方式，但它并非十全十美。当时的道路还是古老的步行小径 。 这些古老的道路在雨天很快就变得极难通行。 因此，在车轮问世后，第一条由石头铺成的道路出现了。随后，罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。这些新道路质量很好，时至今日我们仍在使用其中一些。 车轮不仅改变了人类的出行方式，还让我们得以制造出各类奇妙的机器。风车 、钟表以及其他机器都用到了轮子，工业革命也依赖于车轮。即便在我们的数字化世界里，像 3D 打印机这类设备中，我们依旧会用到轮子。毫无疑问，车轮是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 三．知识背默 1.across的用法 用法分析 across做介词和副词，意为“穿过；横穿；在……对面”。指从一边横穿到另一边，在（河、街等）另一边。across from意为“在……对面”，相当于on the other side of。 鞋店在银行对面。The shoe store is across from the bank. 不要跑着横穿街道！Don't run across the street！ 考点拓展 动词walk/go/run/swim等+across = cross，常与street，bridge，river等连用。 Go across the bridge, and you'll find the park.走过这座桥，你就能找到那个公园。 中考链接 根据汉语意思完成句子 Rick在公园对面的中国银行上班。 Rick works at the Bank of China . 2.Although的用法 That sounds great, though I think Victoria Falls in Africa is even more fantastic. 那听起来很神奇，但我认为非洲的维多利亚瀑布更壮观。 1.____________________（连词） she is quite young, Xu has already climbed five mountains over 5,000 meters in China. 2.尽管电子产品被广泛使用，人们仍然需要纸质书。（even though） __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.doubt的用法 Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 尽管现在很多人都了解茶文化，但是中国人毋庸置疑是最了解茶的本质的。（P43） 词汇 词性及意义 用法 示例 doubt n.疑惑；疑问 no doubt“无疑；很可能” No doubt Mum will call us when she arrives home. without/beyond doubt“毫无疑问；的确” Without doubt,Miss Liu is one of the best teachers in our school. v.怀疑 在肯定句中，其后通常接whether或if引导的宾语从句 I doubt if she will arrive in time. 在否定句或疑问句中，其后通常接that引导的宾语从句 I don't doubt that she can do it on her own. 1.__________________________（毫无疑问）, we should treat money in a right way. 2．There is no ______（doubt） that social media has some problems, and it is very important to avoid spending too much time online. 4.辨析invent、discover与create 词汇 含义及用法 invent “发明”。指通过研究和实验来设计、创造出前所未有的产品或装置，尤指科技上的发明创造。名词形式为invention discover “发现”。表示发现过去就存在但之前未被人们发现或知晓的地点或事物。名词形式为discovery create “创造；创作；创建”。指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术作品、就业机会、美食等。名词形式为creation 1．The scientist ______ a new island in the Pacific Ocean. A．invented B．discovered C．knew D．Created 5.instead of意为“代替” (1)instead of意为“代替”，是介词短语，其后可以接名词、代词、介词短语或v.－ing形式。 I have come instead of my brother.He is ill.我代替我弟弟来的，他生病了。 Instead of doing it himself，he got a man to do it.他找人来帮他而不是自己做。 (2)instead是副词，意为“代替；顶替”，单独使用时，可用于句首或句末。用于句首时需用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 It will take days by car，so let's fly instead.坐车得好几天时间，所以我们还是改坐飞机去吧。 6.able adj. 能够……的；有能力的；能干的 关联词组：be able to do sth.能做某事 用法：be able to与can的区别：can只有现在式(can)和过去式(could)两种形式，而be able to可有各种时态。 词性转换：ability n.能力 反义词：unable adj.不会的，无能的 7. avoid的用法 avoid是及物动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词的 -ing形式作宾语。 例：You should avoid such mistakes. He avoided answering my questions. 拓展 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（词组）： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟还想要（consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy）；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏（avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy）；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡（forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape）。 1.It provides some old books for people to read and ________（避免） paper waste. 2.A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid ________（get） lost. 8.happen/take place 相同点：二者都有“发生”之意，常用作：sth.happen/take place 而不能用happen/take place sth.即都为不及物动词，无被动语态。 不同点： (1)take place表示“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. 在过去的十年里我的家乡发生了很大变化。 (2)happen指偶然发生，具有不可预测性，主语一般是某事或某物。 表示某人发生了什么事常用sth.happen to sb.结构； happen作“碰巧”之意时，常用sb.happen to do sth.和It happens that从句结构。如： What happened to you？你发生了什么事？ I happened to see him this morning. ＝ It happened that I saw him this morning.我今天早上碰巧看见了他。 9.depend on的用法 用法分析 depend on为动词短语，意为“依靠；依赖”。 不要依靠别人。Don’t depend on others. 考点拓展 depend on还可表示“视.…..而定；决定于......；取决于......”，通常以事物或it做主语。 It depends on whether you want to do it or not.这取决于你想做还是不想做这件事。 The price depends on the quality.价格由质量而定。 中考链接 —A research suggests that walking helps people live longer. 一I quite agree, but it ______ on when and how they walk. A. remains B. separates C. returns D. depends 10.speed At a speed of以...的速度 at a high/low speed以高速/低速 At a top/full speed以全速 At a speed of 120 kilometers per hour 以每小时120公里的速度 Much faster意为“快得多”。“much+形容词/副词的比较级”意为“......得多” I’m much taller than you. 常见的用于修饰比较级的单词或短语有much, even, a little, a bit等。 11.sound/noise/voice 考点 用法 例句 sound 作名词，泛指大自然的一切声音；作系动词“听起来”，后面常接形容词作表语。 At midnight，he heard a strange sound.半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。 noise “噪音、喧闹声”，常指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声。 noise可以用a，some，any，much等词修饰，但是不用many。 Don't make so much noise. 不要制造这么大的噪音。 voice 一般指人的声音，说话声、唱歌声或谈笑声。 常用词组：in a low/ loud voice小/大声地 There was a loud voice from upstairs.楼上传来一阵喧闹声。 12.Sure (1)be sure about/of＋名词、代词或动名词，意为“确信，对……有把握”，相当于be sure of。如： He is sure of success.他自信会成功的。 (2)be sure to do sth.意为“务必做某事，一定做某事”，相当于make sure to do sth.。如： Be sure to send my regards to your mother.务必代我向你母亲问好。 (3)be sure＋that 从句，表示“肯定，确信”，有时可与“be sure to do sth.”替换。如： We are sure he will make great progress this term.我们确信他这学期会取得进步的。 (4)make sure＋动词不定式或that从句，意为“确保，查明”。如： Make sure to lock the door before you go out.出门之前一定要锁好门。 13.notice的用法 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 14.sleep/asleep/sleepy 考点 词义及用法 例句 sleep 睡觉；睡眠(动词；名词)，常见结构： go to sleep(去睡觉)； enough sleep(足够的睡眠) He had a good sleep last night.＝He slept very well last night.昨晚他睡了个好觉。 asleep 睡着(形容词) 常见结构： fall asleep(进入梦乡；睡着) He was very tired and was fast asleep.他很累，很快就睡着了。 sleepy 困倦的，常见结构： feel sleepy(感到困倦) He goes to bed very late every day，so he often feels sleepy.他每天睡得很迟，因此经常感到困乏。 15.be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used to do sth. 考点 词义及用法 sb/sth used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”， to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形。 其否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或usedn't to do sth.； 一般疑问形式为Used sb.to do sth.？或Did sb.use to do sth.？ 附加疑问句式为usedn't sb.或didn't sb.。如： This place used to be a factory but now it is a park. 这地方原来是一个工厂，现在是一个公园。 sb be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如： Now he is used to living in a big city.他现在习惯住在大城市。 sth be used to do sth. “被用来做……”，被动语态结构。如： Stamps are used to send letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 16.情态动词must 的用法： 情态动词must 的用法： (1)表示“必须，应该”，对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn't或don't have to，不用mustn't。如： —Must I come over tonight？我今晚必须过来吗？ —No，you needn't/don't have to.不必。 (2)mustn't 表示强力禁止，意为“不允许，一定不，不能，不可以”。如： You mustn't get to school late.你上学千万别迟到了。 (3)must 表示推测只用在肯定句中，意为“一定是，一定会”。其否定意义“不可能”，用can't be形式。如： —The light in her room is still on.She must be at home now.她房间的灯还亮着，她现在一定在家。 —She can't be at home.I saw her out just now.她不可能在家，我刚看见她出去了。 17.play a role in...的用法 用法分析 play a role in...表示“在……中扮演角色，在…….中起作用、影响”，相当于make a difference。 in后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 He was invited to play a role in this TV play.他被邀请在这部电视剧里扮演一个角色。 We should play a role in protecting the environment.我们应该在保护环境中起作用。 考题预测 Those people play a role in ______ the winner. A. decide B. decided C. deciding D. to decide 18. be known的常见短语 短语 含义及用法 be known for “因……而闻名”。for表原因，其后常接表示某人的特长、某物或某地的特点的词，即出名的原因 be known as “作为……而闻名”。as后接表示某人的职业、身份或地位的名词，或表示某物的身份标识的名词 be known to “为……所熟知”。其后常接某个群体 注意 以上三个短语中的known可替换为famous或well-known,含义相同。 1．He is known __ the “father of China's space program” and “king of rockets”. 2．As we all know, the Yellow River is known __ a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 3．Known ____ the story of Yu Gong Moves the Mountains, Jiyuan is a great city with a long history. 四．语法背默 一、形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well（好的） better (the)best many/much（多的） more (the)most bad/ill（坏的） worse (the)worst little（少的） less (the)least far（远的） farther/further (the)farthest (the)furthest old（老的，旧的） elder/older (the)eldest (the)oldest ※注意： elder和older elder 表示家庭成员出生的先后顺序，但只能用于名词前，作定语，不能作表语 He is the elder twin of the two他是两个双胞胎较年长的那个 older既可以作定语，也可以作表语 The older generation doesn’t like pop music老一辈的人不喜欢流行音乐 I am two years older than my sister is我比我的妹妹大两岁 farther和further 两者都可以用来表示距离上的“更远”，但表示程度上“进一步”只能用further The cinema is farther down the road than I think 电影院在路上的另一端，比我想的还远 I was too tired to walk any further我累得再也走不动了 For further information, please contact us要进一步了解情况，请与我们联系 二、原级as……as结构 1.“as+形容词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等 He is as excited as his younger sister他和他妹妹一样激动 Basketball is as popular as football here在这儿篮球和足球一样受欢迎 2.“not+as/so+形容词原级+as”表示“.…..不如……” This room is not as/so big as that one这个房间不如那个大 Tom is not as/so old as you, is he?汤姆年级没有你大，是吗？ 3.当“as…..as”结构中出现名词时，常用“as+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as”或“as+many/much+名词+as” Today is as busy a day as yesterday今天跟昨天一样忙 We have produced as many cars as we did last year我们生产的小汽车和去年一样多 随堂训练 一. 请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1. bad ____________ ____________ 2. good ____________ ____________ 3. ill ____________ ____________ 4. far ____________ ____________ 5. many ____________ ____________ 6. little ____________ ____________ 7. few ____________ ____________ 8. much ____________ ____________ 二. 根据句意，填入形容词或副词的原级、比较级或最高级 1. I think my car is as _______________(nice)as yours. 2. Your MP5 is not so _______________(expensive)as his. 3. I am too tired to go any _______________(far). 4. There is _______________(little)water in this bottle than in that one. 5. Who has the _______________(many)books, Li Lei, Jim or Bruce? 6. Sue’s _______________(young)sister is a doctor. 7. The film is _______________(bad)than that one. 8. These days I was as _______________(busy)as a bee. 9. Which is _______________(good), apple, orange or banana? 10. My grandfather is _______________(old)in my family. 三.单项选择 1.Mike always works very hard, so he can earn twice 　　　mine.　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.as much money as B.as many money as C.much as money D.many as money as 2.Life isn’t always perfect, but it’s up to you to make your life 　　　.  A.better B.richer C.easier D.busier 3.Unfortunately,the weather is going to be 　　　tomorrow. A.bad B.better C.worse D.worst 4.I think 　　　children learn to look after themselves, 　　　it is for their future.   A.the earlier; the better B.the earliest; the best C.the early; the good 5.The earlier we take action to protect our environment, the　　　 it will be for our future.  A.better B.best C.worse D.worst 五．写作背默 本单元的话题是“发明”,要求学生根据提示介绍某项发明。该话题通常以说明文的形式出现,时态多为一般现在时;如果介绍发明过程,则要用一般过去时。此类文章通常涉及如下内容:①介绍某项发明的外在特征;②介绍某项发明的用途和特点;③介绍你对该项发明的评价或期望等。 假如你发明的“飞行自行车”在学校科技节中获奖,因此你被推荐参加一个国际青少年科技展览。请根据以下提示内容,用英语介绍你的发明,并表达你对该发明的评价和期望。 提示:1.外观——两个轮子(wheel),两只翅膀; 2.用途——可行驶于地面或空中,可拍照; 3.特点——速度快,使用太阳能(solar power),环保; 4.改进计划(自行发挥1—2点)。 注意:1.必须包含上述所有要点; 2.词数80以上(文章的开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My invention is a flying bike. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 必备词句:（1）on land 在陆地上　（2）in the air 在空中　（3）turn into 变成　（4）instead of 代替,而不是 （5）pollute the air 污染空气　（6）at the same time 同时　（7）in a shorter time 在更短的时间内　（8）fall in love with... 爱上…… （9）It can be used to take photos, too. 它还可以被用来拍照。（10）I think that lots of people will fall in love with it! 我觉得许多人都会爱上它!（11）because of 因为;由于　（12）fight against 与……作斗争　（13）She also thinks it is scientists' duty to fight for the health of all humans. 她还认为,为全人类的健康而奋斗是科学家们的职责。（13）Great inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. 伟大的发明改变世界。它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。（14）Can you imagine living a life without these inventions? 你能想象没有这些发明的生活吗?（15）We never know what will happen in the future! 我们永远不知道未来会发生什么! 写作模版 优秀范文 　　My invention is a flying bike. It is fast, convenient and green! 随堂训练 假如你们学校开展科技节活动,你发明了送餐机器人,请根据以下提示介绍你的发明,以“My invention”为题,写一篇80词以上的短文,可以适当发挥。 要点:1.有一个圆圆的身体,和儿童一样高,依靠轮子移动;2.会唱歌、跳舞,甚至还会查询信息;3.可用声音控制它,它可以根据指令四处走动;4.两个优势——①比人更擅长做它的工作,因为它任何 时候都能送(deliver)餐; ②……(请自己补充) 5.我的发明在学校很受欢迎。我喜欢这个发明的原因 有……(请自己补充)。 My invention 　　Today, I want to introduce my delivery robot to you. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【同步100分背默】Unit4 Inventions 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1.__________/bəˈluːn/n. 气球 2.__________ /wiːl/ n. 轮；车轮 3.__________ /'sentrəl/ adj. 在中心的 4.__________/ɔːl'ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管；即使 5.__________ /ə'tætʃ/ v.把……固定；把……附（在……上） 6.__________/pʊl/ v.拉；拽；扯；拖 7.__________ /ˌɪntə'næʃnəl/ adj. 国际的 8.__________/pɑːθ/n.小路；小径 9.__________/tek'niːk/n. 技巧；技艺 10.__________/dɪ'pend/ v.需要；依靠 11.__________ /daʊt/n.疑惑；疑问 12.__________ /'pɜːsənəli/adv. 就个人意见 13.*__________ /prɪ'dɪkʃn/ n.预言；预测 14.__________ /'steɪtmənt/n.说明 15.__________/'benɪfɪt/ n.益处；优势 16.__________ /wɪŋ/n.（飞行器的）翅膀；机翼 17.__________ /'dɪstəns/ n.距离 18.__________ /'petrəl/ n.汽油 19.__________ /ə'vɔɪd/ v.避免；防止 20.__________ /'eniweə(r)/adv.在（或去）任何地方 21.__________ /'nəʊtɪs/ v.看（或听）到；注意到 22.__________ /taɪp/n.（印刷用的）活字 23.*__________ /'mɪkstʃə(r)/ n.混合物 24.__________ /hiːt/v.加热；变热 25.__________ /pres/v.（被）压 26.__________ /'metl/n. 金属 词汇 拓展 1. balloon（复数）→ __________ 2. attach（过去式）→ __________ 3. pull（过去式）→ __________ 4. depend（过去式）→ __________ 5. avoid（过去式）→ __________ 6. notice（过去式）→ __________ 7. heat（过去式）→ __________ 8. press（过去式）→ __________ 9. benefit（动词，“得益于”）→ __________ 10. international（名词，“国际”）→ __________ 重点 短语 1.__________locomotive 蒸汽机车 2.__________spacecraft 载人航天器 3.__________foot步行 4.a __________of几个；若干 5.__________place发生；进行 6.for __________例如；比如 7.large __________of大量 8.international __________国际贸易 9.__________on依靠；依赖 10.3D __________3D 打印机 11.without __________毫无疑问 12.of __________time自古以来；有史以来 13.make __________of取笑；拿……开玩笑 14.__________jam堵车；交通阻塞 重点 句子 1. 轮子的发明对国际贸易产生了巨大影响。 The invention of the __________ had a great influence on __________ __________. 2. 3D打印机可以打印出大量不同类型的物品。 __________ can print __________ __________ __________ different types of objects. 3. 毫无疑问，蒸汽机的出现改变了世界。 __________ __________, the steam engine changed the world. 4. 人们依靠汽车出行，但也因此面临堵车问题。 People __________ __________ cars for transportation, but they also face __________ __________. 5. 自古以来，许多发明让我们的生活更便捷。 __________ __________ __________, a number of inventions have made our life more convenient. 一．1.balloon 2.wheel 3.central4.although 5.attach 6.pull7.international8.path9.technique10.depend11.doubt 12.personally13.*prediction14.statement15.benefit16.wing17.distance18.petrol 19.avoid20.anywhere21.notice 22.type23.*mixture24.heat25.press26.metal 二．1. balloons 2. attached 3. pulled 4. depended 5. avoided 6. noticed 7. heated 8. pressed 9. benefit 10. international 三．1.steam locomotive2.crewed spacecraft3.on foot4.a number of5.take place6.for instance7.large amounts of8.international trade9.depend on10.3D printer3D 11.without doubt12.of all time13.make fun of14.traffic jam 四．1. wheel；international trade 2. 3D printers；large amounts of 3. Without doubt 4. depend on；traffic jams 5. Of all time 二．课文背默 Reading The wonder of the wheel When the first humans d 1 to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in s 2 of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking a 3 the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes t 4 place. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. A 5 this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the i 6 of the wheel. Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for s 7 , but the inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery . Later, they r 8 that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention i 9 national and international trade. The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did b 10 with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. The roads were old walking paths. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the a 11 of the wheel. The Romans then invented new road - building techniques. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today. The wheel not only changed the way humans moved, but it also a 12 us to build all types of amazing machines. Windmills , clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution d 13 on the wheel. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. Without d 14 , the wheel is o 15 of the most important inventions of all time. 1.decided 2.search 3.across 4.took 5.Although 6.invention 7.sure 8.realized 9.increased 10.business 11.arrival 12.allowed 13.depended 14.doubt 15.one 车轮的奇迹 10 万多年前，当第一批人类决定离开家园，去寻找新的居住地和更充足的食物来源时，他们依靠步行。在接下来的 9.4 万年里，人类持续徒步走遍全球，直到大约 6000 年前，一系列重要变革发生。比如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。尽管这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物依旧是件难事。不过，几百年后，随着车轮的发明，一切都改变了。 谁最先发明了车轮？我们永远无法确切知晓，但发明者可能最初用轮子制作陶器 。后来，他们意识到还可以用轮子来运输人员和货物。很快，他们把轮子装到了马拉的车辆上。农民突然能够把货物运到很远的集市。这项发明促进了国内和国际贸易。 车轮改变了村庄、城镇乃至国家之间的贸易往来方式，但它并非十全十美。当时的道路还是古老的步行小径 。 这些古老的道路在雨天很快就变得极难通行。 因此，在车轮问世后，第一条由石头铺成的道路出现了。随后，罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。这些新道路质量很好，时至今日我们仍在使用其中一些。 车轮不仅改变了人类的出行方式，还让我们得以制造出各类奇妙的机器。风车 、钟表以及其他机器都用到了轮子，工业革命也依赖于车轮。即便在我们的数字化世界里，像 3D 打印机这类设备中，我们依旧会用到轮子。毫无疑问，车轮是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 三．知识背默 1.across的用法 用法分析 across做介词和副词，意为“穿过；横穿；在……对面”。指从一边横穿到另一边，在（河、街等）另一边。across from意为“在……对面”，相当于on the other side of。 鞋店在银行对面。The shoe store is across from the bank. 不要跑着横穿街道！Don't run across the street！ 考点拓展 动词walk/go/run/swim等+across = cross，常与street，bridge，river等连用。 Go across the bridge, and you'll find the park.走过这座桥，你就能找到那个公园。 中考链接 根据汉语意思完成句子 Rick在公园对面的中国银行上班。 Rick works at the Bank of China across from the park. 2.Although的用法 That sounds great, though I think Victoria Falls in Africa is even more fantastic. 那听起来很神奇，但我认为非洲的维多利亚瀑布更壮观。 1.____________________（连词） she is quite young, Xu has already climbed five mountains over 5,000 meters in China. 2.尽管电子产品被广泛使用，人们仍然需要纸质书。（even though） __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.Though/Although 3.doubt的用法 Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 尽管现在很多人都了解茶文化，但是中国人毋庸置疑是最了解茶的本质的。（P43） 词汇 词性及意义 用法 示例 doubt n.疑惑；疑问 no doubt“无疑；很可能” No doubt Mum will call us when she arrives home. without/beyond doubt“毫无疑问；的确” Without doubt,Miss Liu is one of the best teachers in our school. v.怀疑 在肯定句中，其后通常接whether或if引导的宾语从句 I doubt if she will arrive in time. 在否定句或疑问句中，其后通常接that引导的宾语从句 I don't doubt that she can do it on her own. 1.__________________________（毫无疑问）, we should treat money in a right way. [答案]Without/Beyond doubt 2．There is no ______（doubt） that social media has some problems, and it is very important to avoid spending too much time online. [答案]doubt 4.辨析invent、discover与create 词汇 含义及用法 invent “发明”。指通过研究和实验来设计、创造出前所未有的产品或装置，尤指科技上的发明创造。名词形式为invention discover “发现”。表示发现过去就存在但之前未被人们发现或知晓的地点或事物。名词形式为discovery create “创造；创作；创建”。指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术作品、就业机会、美食等。名词形式为creation 1．The scientist ___B___ a new island in the Pacific Ocean. A．invented B．discovered C．knew D．Created 5.instead of意为“代替” (1)instead of意为“代替”，是介词短语，其后可以接名词、代词、介词短语或v.－ing形式。 I have come instead of my brother.He is ill.我代替我弟弟来的，他生病了。 Instead of doing it himself，he got a man to do it.他找人来帮他而不是自己做。 (2)instead是副词，意为“代替；顶替”，单独使用时，可用于句首或句末。用于句首时需用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 It will take days by car，so let's fly instead.坐车得好几天时间，所以我们还是改坐飞机去吧。 6.able adj. 能够……的；有能力的；能干的 关联词组：be able to do sth.能做某事 用法：be able to与can的区别：can只有现在式(can)和过去式(could)两种形式，而be able to可有各种时态。 词性转换：ability n.能力 反义词：unable adj.不会的，无能的 7. avoid的用法 avoid是及物动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词的 -ing形式作宾语。 例：You should avoid such mistakes. He avoided answering my questions. 拓展 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（词组）： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟还想要（consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy）；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏（avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy）；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡（forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape）。 1.It provides some old books for people to read and ________（避免） paper waste. [答案]avoids 2.A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid ________（get） lost. [答案]getting 8.happen/take place 相同点：二者都有“发生”之意，常用作：sth.happen/take place 而不能用happen/take place sth.即都为不及物动词，无被动语态。 不同点： (1)take place表示“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. 在过去的十年里我的家乡发生了很大变化。 (2)happen指偶然发生，具有不可预测性，主语一般是某事或某物。 表示某人发生了什么事常用sth.happen to sb.结构； happen作“碰巧”之意时，常用sb.happen to do sth.和It happens that从句结构。如： What happened to you？你发生了什么事？ I happened to see him this morning. ＝ It happened that I saw him this morning.我今天早上碰巧看见了他。 9.depend on的用法 用法分析 depend on为动词短语，意为“依靠；依赖”。 不要依靠别人。Don’t depend on others. 考点拓展 depend on还可表示“视.…..而定；决定于......；取决于......”，通常以事物或it做主语。 It depends on whether you want to do it or not.这取决于你想做还是不想做这件事。 The price depends on the quality.价格由质量而定。 中考链接 —A research suggests that walking helps people live longer. 一I quite agree, but it ___D___ on when and how they walk. A. remains B. separates C. returns D. depends 10.speed At a speed of以...的速度 at a high/low speed以高速/低速 At a top/full speed以全速 At a speed of 120 kilometers per hour 以每小时120公里的速度 Much faster意为“快得多”。“much+形容词/副词的比较级”意为“......得多” I’m much taller than you. 常见的用于修饰比较级的单词或短语有much, even, a little, a bit等。 11.sound/noise/voice 考点 用法 例句 sound 作名词，泛指大自然的一切声音；作系动词“听起来”，后面常接形容词作表语。 At midnight，he heard a strange sound.半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。 noise “噪音、喧闹声”，常指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声。 noise可以用a，some，any，much等词修饰，但是不用many。 Don't make so much noise. 不要制造这么大的噪音。 voice 一般指人的声音，说话声、唱歌声或谈笑声。 常用词组：in a low/ loud voice小/大声地 There was a loud voice from upstairs.楼上传来一阵喧闹声。 12.Sure (1)be sure about/of＋名词、代词或动名词，意为“确信，对……有把握”，相当于be sure of。如： He is sure of success.他自信会成功的。 (2)be sure to do sth.意为“务必做某事，一定做某事”，相当于make sure to do sth.。如： Be sure to send my regards to your mother.务必代我向你母亲问好。 (3)be sure＋that 从句，表示“肯定，确信”，有时可与“be sure to do sth.”替换。如： We are sure he will make great progress this term.我们确信他这学期会取得进步的。 (4)make sure＋动词不定式或that从句，意为“确保，查明”。如： Make sure to lock the door before you go out.出门之前一定要锁好门。 13.notice的用法 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 14.sleep/asleep/sleepy 考点 词义及用法 例句 sleep 睡觉；睡眠(动词；名词)，常见结构： go to sleep(去睡觉)； enough sleep(足够的睡眠) He had a good sleep last night.＝He slept very well last night.昨晚他睡了个好觉。 asleep 睡着(形容词) 常见结构： fall asleep(进入梦乡；睡着) He was very tired and was fast asleep.他很累，很快就睡着了。 sleepy 困倦的，常见结构： feel sleepy(感到困倦) He goes to bed very late every day，so he often feels sleepy.他每天睡得很迟，因此经常感到困乏。 15.be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used to do sth. 考点 词义及用法 sb/sth used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”， to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形。 其否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或usedn't to do sth.； 一般疑问形式为Used sb.to do sth.？或Did sb.use to do sth.？ 附加疑问句式为usedn't sb.或didn't sb.。如： This place used to be a factory but now it is a park. 这地方原来是一个工厂，现在是一个公园。 sb be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如： Now he is used to living in a big city.他现在习惯住在大城市。 sth be used to do sth. “被用来做……”，被动语态结构。如： Stamps are used to send letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 16.情态动词must 的用法： 情态动词must 的用法： (1)表示“必须，应该”，对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn't或don't have to，不用mustn't。如： —Must I come over tonight？我今晚必须过来吗？ —No，you needn't/don't have to.不必。 (2)mustn't 表示强力禁止，意为“不允许，一定不，不能，不可以”。如： You mustn't get to school late.你上学千万别迟到了。 (3)must 表示推测只用在肯定句中，意为“一定是，一定会”。其否定意义“不可能”，用can't be形式。如： —The light in her room is still on.She must be at home now.她房间的灯还亮着，她现在一定在家。 —She can't be at home.I saw her out just now.她不可能在家，我刚看见她出去了。 17.play a role in...的用法 用法分析 play a role in...表示“在……中扮演角色，在…….中起作用、影响”，相当于make a difference。 in后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 He was invited to play a role in this TV play.他被邀请在这部电视剧里扮演一个角色。 We should play a role in protecting the environment.我们应该在保护环境中起作用。 考题预测 Those people play a role in ___C___ the winner. A. decide B. decided C. deciding D. to decide 18. be known的常见短语 短语 含义及用法 be known for “因……而闻名”。for表原因，其后常接表示某人的特长、某物或某地的特点的词，即出名的原因 be known as “作为……而闻名”。as后接表示某人的职业、身份或地位的名词，或表示某物的身份标识的名词 be known to “为……所熟知”。其后常接某个群体 注意 以上三个短语中的known可替换为famous或well-known,含义相同。 1．He is known __ the “father of China's space program” and “king of rockets”. [答案]as 2．As we all know, the Yellow River is known __ a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. [答案]as 3．Known ____ the story of Yu Gong Moves the Mountains, Jiyuan is a great city with a long history. [答案]for 四．语法背默 一、形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well（好的） better (the)best many/much（多的） more (the)most bad/ill（坏的） worse (the)worst little（少的） less (the)least far（远的） farther/further (the)farthest (the)furthest old（老的，旧的） elder/older (the)eldest (the)oldest ※注意： elder和older elder 表示家庭成员出生的先后顺序，但只能用于名词前，作定语，不能作表语 He is the elder twin of the two他是两个双胞胎较年长的那个 older既可以作定语，也可以作表语 The older generation doesn’t like pop music老一辈的人不喜欢流行音乐 I am two years older than my sister is我比我的妹妹大两岁 farther和further 两者都可以用来表示距离上的“更远”，但表示程度上“进一步”只能用further The cinema is farther down the road than I think 电影院在路上的另一端，比我想的还远 I was too tired to walk any further我累得再也走不动了 For further information, please contact us要进一步了解情况，请与我们联系 二、原级as……as结构 1.“as+形容词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等 He is as excited as his younger sister他和他妹妹一样激动 Basketball is as popular as football here在这儿篮球和足球一样受欢迎 2.“not+as/so+形容词原级+as”表示“.…..不如……” This room is not as/so big as that one这个房间不如那个大 Tom is not as/so old as you, is he?汤姆年级没有你大，是吗？ 3.当“as…..as”结构中出现名词时，常用“as+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as”或“as+many/much+名词+as” Today is as busy a day as yesterday今天跟昨天一样忙 We have produced as many cars as we did last year我们生产的小汽车和去年一样多 随堂训练 一. 请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1. bad ____________ ____________ 2. good ____________ ____________ 3. ill ____________ ____________ 4. far ____________ ____________ 5. many ____________ ____________ 6. little ____________ ____________ 7. few ____________ ____________ 8. much ____________ ____________ 1. worse, worst 2. better, best 3. worse, worst 4. farther/further, farthest/furthest5.more，most 6.less,least 7. fewer, fewest 8.more,most 二. 根据句意，填入形容词或副词的原级、比较级或最高级 1. I think my car is as _______________(nice)as yours. 2. Your MP5 is not so _______________(expensive)as his. 3. I am too tired to go any _______________(far). 4. There is _______________(little)water in this bottle than in that one. 5. Who has the _______________(many)books, Li Lei, Jim or Bruce? 6. Sue’s _______________(young)sister is a doctor. 7. The film is _______________(bad)than that one. 8. These days I was as _______________(busy)as a bee. 9. Which is _______________(good), apple, orange or banana? 10. My grandfather is _______________(old)in my family. 1. nice 2. expensive 3. farther 4. less 5. most 6. younger 7. worse 8. busy 9. best 10. the oldest 三.单项选择 1.Mike always works very hard, so he can earn twice 　　　mine.　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.as much money as B.as many money as C.much as money D.many as money as 2.Life isn’t always perfect, but it’s up to you to make your life 　　　.  A.better B.richer C.easier D.busier 3.Unfortunately,the weather is going to be 　　　tomorrow. A.bad B.better C.worse D.worst 4.I think 　　　children learn to look after themselves, 　　　it is for their future.   A.the earlier; the better B.the earliest; the best C.the early; the good 5.The earlier we take action to protect our environment, the　　　 it will be for our future.  A.better B.best C.worse D.worst 1.A　考查as...as...结构的用法。money是不可数名词,因此用much修饰,排除选项B和D;表示“和……一样多……”应用“as much...as...”,排除选项C。故选A。 2.A　考查形容词的比较级。句意:生活并不总是完美的,但让你的生活变得更好取决于你。根据句意可知此处表示“更好”,故选A。 3.C　考查形容词的比较级。根据“Unfortunately”可知,明天的天气会比今天的天气更差。故选C。 4.A　考查形容词的比较级。句意:我认为孩子们越早学会照顾自己,对他们的未来越有好处。“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”,故选A。 5.A　考查形容词的比较级。句意:我们越早采取行动保护环境,对我们的将来越好。根据句意可知选A。 五．写作背默 本单元的话题是“发明”,要求学生根据提示介绍某项发明。该话题通常以说明文的形式出现,时态多为一般现在时;如果介绍发明过程,则要用一般过去时。此类文章通常涉及如下内容:①介绍某项发明的外在特征;②介绍某项发明的用途和特点;③介绍你对该项发明的评价或期望等。 假如你发明的“飞行自行车”在学校科技节中获奖,因此你被推荐参加一个国际青少年科技展览。请根据以下提示内容,用英语介绍你的发明,并表达你对该发明的评价和期望。 提示:1.外观——两个轮子(wheel),两只翅膀; 2.用途——可行驶于地面或空中,可拍照; 3.特点——速度快,使用太阳能(solar power),环保; 4.改进计划(自行发挥1—2点)。 注意:1.必须包含上述所有要点; 2.词数80以上(文章的开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My invention is a flying bike. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 必备词句:（1）on land 在陆地上　（2）in the air 在空中　（3）turn into 变成　（4）instead of 代替,而不是 （5）pollute the air 污染空气　（6）at the same time 同时　（7）in a shorter time 在更短的时间内　（8）fall in love with... 爱上…… （9）It can be used to take photos, too. 它还可以被用来拍照。（10）I think that lots of people will fall in love with it! 我觉得许多人都会爱上它!（11）because of 因为;由于　（12）fight against 与……作斗争　（13）She also thinks it is scientists' duty to fight for the health of all humans. 她还认为,为全人类的健康而奋斗是科学家们的职责。（13）Great inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. 伟大的发明改变世界。它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。（14）Can you imagine living a life without these inventions? 你能想象没有这些发明的生活吗?（15）We never know what will happen in the future! 我们永远不知道未来会发生什么! 写作模版 优秀范文 　　My invention is a flying bike. It is fast, convenient and green! 　　The flying bike has two wheels and two wings. It can run on land and fly in the air. Speak “fly” to the bike, it will turn into a plane in 30 seconds. Then you can fly in the air. It can be used to take photos, too. Instead of petrol, the bike uses solar power, so it will not pollute the air. I will add a seat at the back of it so that it can carry two persons at the same time. My invention is useful. You can use it to go to farther places in a shorter time. I think that lots of people will fall in love with it! 随堂训练 假如你们学校开展科技节活动,你发明了送餐机器人,请根据以下提示介绍你的发明,以“My invention”为题,写一篇80词以上的短文,可以适当发挥。 要点:1.有一个圆圆的身体,和儿童一样高,依靠轮子移动;2.会唱歌、跳舞,甚至还会查询信息;3.可用声音控制它,它可以根据指令四处走动;4.两个优势——①比人更擅长做它的工作,因为它任何 时候都能送(deliver)餐; ②……(请自己补充) 5.我的发明在学校很受欢迎。我喜欢这个发明的原因 有……(请自己补充)。 My invention 　　Today, I want to introduce my delivery robot to you. My invention 　　Today, I want to introduce my delivery robot to you. 　　It is a creative robot with a round body. It is as tall as a child. It can move around freely with the help of its wheels. It can sing and dance. It can also search for information on its own. I can control it by using my voice. For example, when I speak to it and give it some orders, it can follow my orders and then do them correctly.There are two advantages. The first one is that it can deliver food better than humans because it can do it anytime and never gets tired. The second one is that it has a special heating system that can keep food warm. 　　My invention is very popular in our school. I’m also fond of it because it can make food-delivering more convenient. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$