Unit 4 Breaking boundaries it作形式主语（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 核心语法精练（it作形式主语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空（基本语法） 2 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 10 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 12 （一）定义及基本用法 定义及基本用法 定义 当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时，通常用it(不能用that，this等词) 来作形式主语代替它们，而将真正的主语放在后面，以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 基本用法 (1) it作不定式的形式主语句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋to do sth.，这类名词有：a pleasure，a fact等 It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有：wrong，right，important，difficult，easy等 It is＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth.，这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有：kind，good，polite，selfish等 It takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋to do sth.，这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略 (2) it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋doing sth.，这类名词有：(no) use，a waste of time等 （二）it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型 用法 例句 It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句 It's certain that William will do well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句，这类名词有：a fact，a pity，a shame等 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language all over the world. 事实上，在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。 It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句，这类过去分词有：known，announced，believed，decided等 It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 It＋不及物动词＋主语从句，这类动词有：seem，matter，strike，occur等 It occurred to me that he had gone to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。 一、单句语法填空（基本语法） 1. It is a classic debate 　               　the ends justify the means, or reasonable means can certainly differ. 【答案】of whether 【详解】考查介词+连接词。句意：这是一个经典的辩论，关于目的是否证明手段的合理性，或者合理的手段当然可以不同。debate后接介词of，whether引导宾语从句。故填of whether。 2. It remains to be seen 　               　will sign up for the 1500-meter race. 【答案】who 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：谁将报名参加1500米比赛还有待观察。从句缺少主语，指人，用who。故填who。 3. It is a pity 　               　the museum built in the eighteenth century does not attract visitors. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：遗憾的是，这座建于18世纪的博物馆没有吸引游客。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 4. 　               　is known to us all is that the Beijing Olympic Games took place in 2008. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知的是，北京奥运会于2008年举行。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填What。 5. It is known to all 　               　the country is a leading agricultural nation. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：众所周知，这个国家是一个领先的农业国家。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 6. It is suggested at the end of the passage 　               　the things 　               　we buy often affect many people's lives around the world. 【答案】that; / 【详解】考查连接词和定语从句。句意：文章最后提出，我们购买的东西经常会影响世界上许多人的生活。第一个空that引导主语从句，第二个空things后接定语从句省略关系代词that。故填that; /。 7. It was until late afternoon 　               　he was figuring out 　               　he considered was a wise way to fight against it. 【答案】that; what 【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句。句意：直到下午晚些时候，他才想出他认为是对抗它的明智方法。第一个空that构成强调句型"It was...that..."，第二个空what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故填that; what。 8. It's true 　               　inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn't be completely overlooked. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美也不应被完全忽视。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 9. It is reported 　               　the flood has influenced the lives of over 200 residents. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，洪水已经影响了200多名居民的生活。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 10. You oughtn't to have gone out without a coat yesterday. It isn't surprising 　               　you caught a cold. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：你昨天不该不穿外套就出去。你感冒了并不奇怪。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 11. It's unclear 　               　the tiny computer will be released, but it will come onto the market sooner or later. 【答案】when 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：目前还不清楚这款微型计算机何时发布，但它迟早会上市。从句缺少时间状语，用when。故填when。 12. It is not a problem 　               　we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，这只是时间问题。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。 13. It surprised her greatly 　               　her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：她的邻居已经坐了4年牢，这让她非常吃惊。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 14. It makes no difference to me 　               　you go today or tomorrow. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：你今天去还是明天去对我来说没什么区别。whether...or...表示"是...还是..."。故填whether。 15. It's not surprising 　               　you won the medal, considering how much you paid for it. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：考虑到你为此付出了多少，你赢得奖牌并不奇怪。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 16. It is often the case 　               　miracles can happen for those who hang on to hope. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：对于那些坚持希望的人来说，奇迹往往会发生。that引导同位语从句解释case的内容。故填that。 17. It is reported 　               　the Arctic is having its hottest June ever and is suffering its worst wildfire seasons on record. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，北极正在经历有史以来最热的六月，并正在经历有记录以来最严重的野火季节。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 18. It's none of your business 　               　my private life is like. 【答案】what 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：我的私生活是什么样子不关你的事。从句缺少like的宾语，用what。故填what。 19. 　               　certain that his invention will make people's life convenient. 【答案】It is 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：可以肯定的是，他的发明将使人们的生活更加便利。it作形式主语，that从句是真正主语。故填It is。 20. It used to be thought 　               　the Earth was flat. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：过去人们认为地球是平的。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 21. 　               　is the most important in life is that we should always be confident about the future. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：生活中最重要的是我们应该对未来充满信心。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填What。 22. It remains to be seen 　               　the new school rules can be put into practice. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：新校规能否付诸实施还有待观察。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。 23. It doesn't matter 　               　your home is in a noisy downtown or in the remote countryside. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：你的家是在嘈杂的市中心还是在偏远的乡村并不重要。whether...or...表示"是...还是..."。故填whether。 24. It's certain 　               　music lessons in early childhood improve the brain's performance. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：可以肯定的是，儿童早期的音乐课程可以提高大脑的表现。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 25. It doesn't matter 　               　you have the ability to be on top of your professional careers as long as you work hard the whole time. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：只要你一直努力工作，你是否有能力成为职业生涯的佼佼者并不重要。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。 26. It is obvious to the whole world 　               　the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either destroy them or take them over. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：全世界都清楚，美国为了要么摧毁要么接管华为和TikTok等外国公司而玩弄肮脏的把戏。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 27. It never occurred to me 　               　you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：我从未想过你能成功地说服他改变主意。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 28. It is obvious to the students 　               　they should get well prepared for their future. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：学生们很清楚，他们应该为未来做好充分准备。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 29. It is generally believed 　               　improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，医疗保健的改善将带来更强大、更繁荣的经济。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 30. It soon became widely known 　               　the attempt to save girl had failed. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：试图拯救女孩失败的消息很快就广为人知。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 31. It matters little 　               　a man dies, but 　               　matters much is 　               　he lives. 【答案】how; what; how 【详解】考查连接词和主语从句。句意：一个人如何死去并不重要，但重要的是他如何生活。第一个空how表示方式，第二个空what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，第三个空how表示方式。故填how; what; how。 32. It has been pointed out 　               　plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. 【答案】that what 【详解】考查连接词。句意：有人指出，驱散一个人焦虑的关键是他甜蜜的童年回忆。第一个空that引导主语从句，第二个空what在从句中作主语。故填that what。 33. It is reported 　               　the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，一些大城市的房价有不同程度的下降。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。 34. It is no use 　               　for your mistakes now. 　               　you need to do is correct them as soon as possible. 【答案】crying; What 【详解】考查非谓语动词和主语从句。句意：现在为你的错误哭泣是没有用的。你需要做的是尽快改正它们。第一个空用crying作真正主语，第二个空what引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。故填crying; What。 35. It is not a problem 　               　we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，这只是时间问题。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。 二、完成句子（用it作形式主语） 1. 我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。 When I passed the church, some noise 　               　inside. 【答案】 was being made 【详解】考查过去进行时被动语态。句意：我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。分析句子可知，"制造声响"用动词make表示，与主语noise是被动关系，根据时间状语when I passed the church可知，应使用过去进行时态，主语noise是不可数名词，故填was being made。 2. 天气追踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。 It remains to be seen 　               　weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters. 【答案】 whether 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：天气追踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要引导主语从句的连接词，根据句意"能否"表达不确定性的选择，故填whether。 3. 1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了。 On 18 April 1955, 　              　               　 　Einstein had passed away. 【答案】 it was reported that 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"it was reported that..."的固定句型，故填it was reported that。 4. 众所周知，火药最早是由中国人发明的。 　              　               　 　 the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. 【答案】 It’s known to all that 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：众所周知，火药最早是由中国人发明的。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It's known to all that..."的固定表达，故填It's known to all that。 5. 他是否会出国深造仍不得而知。 　              　               　 　 he’ll go abroad for further study or not. 【答案】 It’s still unknown whether 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：他是否会出国深造仍不得而知。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，whether引导主语从句表示"是否"，构成"It's unknown whether..."的固定表达，故填It's still unknown whether。 6. 真遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。 　              　               　 　 you’ve missed such a good chance. 【答案】It's a pity that 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：真遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It's a pity that..."的固定表达，故填It's a pity that。 7. 金融危机是否会很快结束尚不明确。 It is not immediately clear 　               　the financial crisis will soon be over. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：金融危机是否会很快结束尚不明确。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要引导主语从句的连接词，根据句意"是否"表达不确定性的选择，故填whether。 8. 总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工尚不清楚。 It is by no means clear 　               　the president can do to end the strike. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句连接代词。句意：总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工尚不清楚。分析句子可知，从句中do缺少宾语，需要连接代词what在从句中作宾语，故填what。 9. 事实证明，童年时期吃蔬菜有助于预防成年后的严重疾病。 　              　               　 　 eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 【答案】It has been proved that 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：事实证明，童年时期吃蔬菜有助于预防成年后的严重疾病。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It has been proved that..."的固定表达，故填It has been proved that。 10. 据估计，这些广播节目覆盖了当地高达60%的人口。 　              　               　 　 up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. 【答案】It is estimated that 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：据估计，这些广播节目覆盖了当地高达60%的人口。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It is estimated that..."的固定表达，故填It is estimated that。 11. 你怎么穿都无所谓，没人在意。 　              　               　 　 you’re dressed. No one cares. 【答案】It doesn't matter how 【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：你怎么穿都无所谓，没人在意。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，how引导方式状语从句，构成"It doesn't matter how..."的固定表达，故填It doesn't matter how。 12. 至关重要的是，我们要在全球范围内制定正确的规则。 It is crucial 　               　we get the rules right at the global level. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：至关重要的是，我们要在全球范围内制定正确的规则。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is crucial that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。 13. 资金形式的捐赠很可能在一周内到位。 It is likely 　               　the donation in the form of funds will come in one week. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：资金形式的捐赠很可能在一周内到位。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is likely that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。 14. 事实证明，这种做法只有好处。 It has been proved 　               　the practice can only do good. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：事实证明，这种做法只有好处。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It has been proved that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。 15. 人们普遍承认，月球是一个寂静的世界。 It is generally admitted 　               　the moon is a world of silence. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：人们普遍承认，月球是一个寂静的世界。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is generally admitted that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Understanding ideas MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF 22 March  2015 Today we celebrate. It’s 1.____________(exact) one month since the last 2.____________(report) case. But it is 3.____________(重要的) not to take any chances. So, 20 health care workers from almost as many countries, comrades in arms, raise 4._____________(虚拟的) glasses 5._______ each other. I arrived 6._________Liberia with MSF almost three months ago. When I saw the 7._________________(凄惨的画面) on the news, I felt it was my duty 8._____a doctor to go there and 9.__________(提供)my help. I knew I was 10.__________________________(冒生命危险). but I thought, if I don’t do it, who will? It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national 11.________________(国界). There 12._______(be) no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else 13._______________ (involve) 14.______ combating this terrible disease. My mission was 15.______________(relieve) Emma, a 16.______________(Canada) 17.______________(special) 18.____infectious diseases 19.______the end of her posting. Emma spent an hour with me in the staff room 20._______(talk) me 21.____________the daily routine. As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages 22.___________(speak) at the tables around us. 23.__________(late), Emma introduced me 24._____ some of the others working for or alongside MSF: Wilton, 25.___young local man, 26._______ helped carry the very sick into the 27.____________(treat) clinic and who 28.______________(消毒) clothing and surfaces; Maisy, a 29.____________(retire) public health official from Darwin, Australia, 30.____________ local team of volunteers educated people 31.___ preventing 32._____________(infect); Alfonso, a soft-spoken Argentinian doctor 33._____ his 50s, who had 34.____________(previous) worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea. The list went on. I found that I was the only Chinese doctor 35.________people of all ages, colours and 36._____________(信仰) , from every continent except Antarctica. With each person I met, I felt a 37.____________(grow) 38._______________________(自豪感) as part of this extraordinary team, 39._______ devotion 40._____the cause shone from their eyes In the few weeks since then, I 41._______________(come) to know these people very well. We have worked together, 42._______________(surround) by blood vomit and death. But, 43.___________ the 44.____________(死亡率) is very high, we will never give up 45._____ a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end 46.____miracles Just after my 47._____________(arrive), 48.___________________(一家六口)49. _______________(bring) here in the back of a van. All of them were infected. The twin girls and their parents soon died. We knew there was little hope 50._____ the brothers but we did everything we could 51.___________(save) them. When we visited the ward the next morning, we were amazed 52._________(see) that 53._____________________(尽管困难重重；概率极低), 54.______ boys were still alive. Pascal and Daniel have since made a full 55._____________(recover). This small but 56.________________(expect) success 57.___________________(弥补)many other 58.___________(little) fortunate cases. 59.___________________(catch) up in such a crisis creates 60.____________(power) 61._____________(连接，羁绊) between people, not only between 62.___________(care) and patients, 63._____also between all those 64.______have come from different parts of the world and joined together 65._________________________(因为共同事业). It is so 66._______________(令人鼓舞的) to have colleagues 67._____ Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, 68. _______________(更别提)all the others I have worked 69._________. Now my time is almost 70._____(结束). In a few days, someone else will arrive to step into my shoes, and the 71.___________(tire) work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and 72.____________(地区) around the world 73._________(go) on. In a world still 74._____________(face) so many problems, it is 75.___________(absolute) essential 76.____ us all to collaborate 77.__________(create) a 78.________________________(“地球村”) with a 79._____________(share) future of peace and 80._______________(繁荣). 【答案】1.exactly 2. reported 3. vital 4. virtual 5. to 6.in 7. tragic scenes 8. as 9. offer 10. putting my life at risk 11.boundaries 12. are 13. involved 14. in 15.to relieve 16. Canadian 17. specialist 18.in 19. at 20. talking 21. through 22. being spoken 23. Later 24. to 25. a 26. who 27. treatment 28. disinfected 29.retired 30. whose 31. on 32. infection 33. in 34. previously 35. among 36. beliefs 37. growing 38. sense of pride 39. whose 40. to 41. have come 42. surrounded 43. although 44. death rate 45. on 46. in 47. arrival 48. a family of six 49. were brought 50. for 51. to save 52. to see 53. against all odds 54. both 55. recovery 56. unexpected 57. compensated for 58. less 59. To be caught 60. powerful 61. bonds 62. carers 63. but 64. who 65. in a common cause 66. inspiring 67. like 68. not to mention 69. with 70. up 71. tireless 72. regions 73. will go 74. facing 75. absolutely 76. for 77. to create 78. global community 79. shared 80. prosperity 2. Developing ideas The Words That Changed A Nation 1.______ a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a 2.______________(讲台) in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a recent battle 3._________ thousands of soldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincoln President of the United States of America and he was there 4.____________________(纪念) the soldiers who had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and 5._____(last) two minutes. But this 6.______________(演说) to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped 7.__________(塑造) a nation. At that time, America was 8.__________ (bitter) divided. For two years, 9.______(it) people had been deep in a 10.__________________(内战) between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States 11._______the “free” Northern States of the Union. The 12.____________(bad) battle lasted three days and 13.__________________(发生) at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won but 14.____________________(代价惨重). Over 50, 000 soldiers were killed or 15._______________(wound), and people lost hope and 16._______________(目标). What was all this 17._________________ (苦难) for? Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. Hi speech gave them hope, 18._____________(信念) and a reason to look to the future. He gave them 19._____________________(新的愿景) of 20._______ the United States of America should be, 21.___________(base) on the ideals 22.___________(set) down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was 23._______the soldiers had died for. Now it was 24.___________(取决于，依靠) the 25.____________(live) to remove not only the 26._____________(divide) between North and South, 27.____________the boundaries between black and white and work 28.__________________(一步一步,逐渐地) towards the 29._____________(equal) of humankind. The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln 30._______________________________(87年前) our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated 31.__________the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we 32. ________________(engage) in a great civil war, 33.___________(test) whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it 34.______ a final resting place for those 35.______ here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But 36._______________________(从更广泛意义上来说), we can not dedicate-we can not consecrate-we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who 37.________________(抗争) here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget 38._______ they did here. It is for us, the living rather to be dedicated here to the 39._______________(未完成的) work which they have, thus far, so 40.____________(noble) carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died 41._____________(徒劳): that this nation shall have a new birth of 42.______________(free); and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 【答案】 1. On 2. platform 3. where 4. in memory of 5. lasted 6. address 7. shape 8. bitterly 9. its 10. civil war 11. and 12. worst 13. took place 14. at a great cost 15. wounded 16. purpose 17. suffering 18. belief 19. a new vision 20. what 21. based 22. set 23. what 24. up to 25. living 26. divisions 27. but 28. step by step 29. equality 30. Four score and seven years ago 31. to 32. are engaged 33. testing 34. as 35. who 36. in a larger sense 37. struggled 38. what 39. unfinished 40. nobly 41. in vain 42. freedom 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2024-2025学年高二下·河南·月考) In the digital age, many young people tend to share marriage announcements on social media platforms like Sina Weibo. Yet a new trend has reemerged — publishing marriage announcements in traditional newspapers. ___1___quick search on the topic “publishing marriage announcements in newspapers” will bring up ___2___ (variety) posts, along with those who have done so sharing their experiences. ___3___short-lived digital posts, newspaper announcements provide a sense of permanence, offering a meaningful way ___4___ (keep) memories during a time when digital content can’t last. Some young people view publishing marriage announcements in newspapers as more formal than ___5___in social media, and they describe it as a ___6___ (commit) written in black ink and on white paper — a declaration of the couple’s promise to grow old together. However, this practice is not a new phenomenon in China. In the first half of the twentieth century, when marriage laws were still underdeveloped, such announcements ___7___ (carry) legal significance. They allowed couples to ___8___ (public) share their joyous news with their family and friends. The regained popularity serves as an example of ___9___ tradition can better adapt to modern times. By combining cultural heritage with personal creativity, it offers meaningful rituals (仪式) in today’s digital world. These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth ___10___ (preserve). 【答案】1．A 2．various 3．Unlike 4．to keep 5．that 6．commitment 7．carried 8．publicly 9．how 10．preserving 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在数字时代，许多年轻人选择在传统报纸上发布结婚公告的现象，并探讨了这一传统的现代意义。 1．考查冠词。句意：在“报纸上刊登结婚启事”这个话题上快速搜索，会显示出各种帖子，以及那些已经这样做的人分享的经验。泛指“一次快速搜索”，且quick首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为a，首字母大写。故填A。 2．考查形容词。句意：在“报纸上刊登结婚启事”这个话题上快速搜索，会显示出各种帖子，以及那些已经这样做的人分享的经验。形容词various作定语修饰名词。故填various。 3．考查介词。句意：与短暂的数字帖子不同，报纸公告提供了一种永久感，报纸了一种有意义的方式来保存记忆。表示 “不同”用介词unlike，首字母大写。故填Unlike。 4．考查不定式。句意：与短暂的数字帖子不同，报纸公告提供了一种永久感，报纸了一种有意义的方式来保存记忆。way to do sth做某事的方法。不定式作后置定语。故填to keep 5．考查代词。句意：一些年轻人认为在报纸上发布结婚公告比在社交媒体上更正式，他们将其描述为一种用黑墨水和白纸写下的承诺。分析句子结构，设空处需要一个代词来代替“publishing marriage announcements”，以避免重复，用that。故填that。 6．考查名词。句意：一些年轻人认为在报纸上发布结婚公告比在社交媒体上更正式，他们将其描述为一种用黑墨水和白纸写下的承诺。名词commitment作宾语，a提示，用单数形式。故填commitment。 7．考查时态。句意：在二十世纪上半叶，当婚姻法还不完善时，这样的公告具有法律意义。根据上文“In the first half of the twentieth century”可知，设空处需要一个过去时态来表示过去的动作。故填carried。 8．考查副词。句意：它们允许夫妇公开与家人和朋友分享他们的喜讯。副词publicly作状语修饰动词。故填publicly。 9．考查连接词。句意：重新流行的做法是传统如何更好地适应现代的一个例子。of后接宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接词how。故填how。 10．考查动名词。句意：这些公告作为爱和个性的象征，提醒我们一些传统值得保留。be worth doing sth值得做某事。故填preserving。 B (2024-2025学年高二下·广东·阶段测试) Huang Xuhua, chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (潜艇), passed away on Thursday evening in Wuhan, Hubei province. He was 99. Huang was born in March 1926 in Guangdong province. At ___11___ age of 19, he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study shipbuilding. In 1958, Huang was selected to join the research team ___12___ (task) with designing China’s first nuclear-powered submarine. At the___13___ (begin) of the design work, Huang and his colleagues had no prior knowledge in that field, and since other countries were extremely ___14___ (protect) of such technologies, they had very few technical reference materials. The researchers eventually came up with five plans after ___15___ (piece) together all the information they could find. The team members didn’t have computers ___16___ digital calculators, so they used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to solve problems. ___17___ (ensure) accurate calculation results, they were divided into three groups to do the math at the same time and would recalculate if the results did not match. After years of painstaking efforts, China successfully built its first nuclear-powered submarine in 1970, becoming the ___18___ (five) nation to develop such technology. Huang's name remained classified ___19___ 1987, when a magazine in Shanghai was allowed to publish a report about him. Due to his outstanding contributions, Huang ___20___ (award) the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest honor, in 2019. 【答案】 11．the 12．tasked 13．beginning 14．protective 15．piecing 16．or 17．To ensure 18．fifth 19．until/till 20．was awarded 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了中国第一代核潜艇总设计师黄旭华逝世的消息，并介绍了他的生平事迹及其在核潜艇研发中的贡献。 11．考查冠词。句意：在19岁时，他进入上海交通大学学习造船。 根据下文的“of 19”可知，此处是特指19岁的年龄，at the age of“在……岁时”是固定搭配。 故填the。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：1958年，黄被选中加入负责设计中国第一艘核潜艇的研究团队。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的team，动词task与team之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词tasked作定语。 故填tasked。 13．考查名词。句意：在设计工作开始时，黄和他的同事在该领域没有任何先验知识。 根据空格前的介词at可知，空格处应该用名词beginning作宾语。 故填beginning。 14．考查形容词。句意：由于其他国家对这些技术极为保护，他们几乎没有技术参考资料。根据句意和空格前的were可知，空格处应该用形容词protective作表语。 故填protective。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在拼凑了所有能找到的信息后，最终提出了五个方案。根据空格前的介词after可知，空格处应该用动名词piecing作宾语。 故填piecing。 16．考查连词。句意：团队成员没有计算机或数字计算器，所以他们使用算盘和尺子来解决问题。空格前的名词“computers”和后面的名词“digital calculators”是并列关系，在否定句中应该用or连接。 故填or。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保计算结果的准确性，他们被分成三组同时进行计算，并在结果不一致时重新计算。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。 位于句首，故填To ensure。 18．考查序数词。句意：经过多年的艰苦努力，中国于1970年成功建造了第一艘核潜艇，成为第五个掌握该技术的国家。 根据句意和空格前的定冠词“the”可知，此处需要用序数词“fifth”表示第五个。 故填fifth。 19．考查介词。句意：黄的名字一直保密到1987年，当时上海的一家杂志被允许发表关于他的报道。 根据句意和空格后的“1987”可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“直到”，所以应该用介词until/till。 故填until/till。 20．考查时态和语态。句意：由于他的杰出贡献，黄于2019年被授予共和国勋章，这是中国的最高荣誉。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2019”可知，应该用一般过去时；主语Huang与动词award之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是Huang，be动词用was。 故填was awarded。 C (2024-2025学年高二下·湖南·月考) Since President Richard Nixon’s ___21___ (history)1972 visit to China, scientific collaboration between China and the US has increased, particularly in health and medicine. In early 1980, ___22___ US delegation visited China, which consisted ___23___ representatives from the country’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and directors of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services. This effort, ___24___ (support) by Chinese government departments and academicians, quickly promoted joint programs on public health research. Over the next four decades, the relationship between Chinese and US health research institutions strengthened considerably. Nongovernmental institutions have played an ___25___ (increase) important role in promoting health exchange and cooperation between China and the US. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, for instance, has partnered with a range of sectors in China ___26___ (address) global health challenges. Since 2015, it has worked with the Chinese Ministry of Commerce to support medical and agricultural development in African nations. In 2016, the foundation partnered with Tsinghua University and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality to establish the Global Drug Discovery Institute, ___27___ promotes health initiatives in ___28___ (develop) countries. Since 2017, the China-US Track Ⅱ Dialogue on Healthcare___29___ (emerge) as a platform for bilateral health cooperation. Co-hosted by the National School of Development at Peking University and the National Committee on US-China Relations, this annual event ___30___ (facilitate) extensive discussion between health experts from both nations. 【答案】21．historic 22．a 23．of 24．supported 25．increasingly 26．to address 27．which 28．developing 29．has emerged 30．facilitates 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国和美国的科学合作，尤其是在卫生和医学方面。 21．考查形容词。句意：自1972年理查德•尼克松总统对中国进行历史性访问以来，中美之间的科学合作有所增加，特别是在卫生和医学方面。根据President Richard Nixon’s和1972 visit to China可知，此处应用表示“具有历史意义的”的形容词historic，作定语，修饰名词visit。故填historic。 22．考查冠词。句意：1980年初，由来自美国疾病预防控制中心的代表、美国国立卫生研究院和卫生与公众服务部的负责人组成的美国代表团访问了中国。此处delegation为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词表泛指。所连接的单词US发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 23．考查介词。句意：同上。consist of...“由……组成”为固定搭配。故填of。 24．考查过去分词。句意：这一努力在中国政府部门和学院的支持下，迅速推动了公共卫生研究的联合项目。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是promoted，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词support与其逻辑主语This effort之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填supported。 25．考查副词。句意：民间机构在促进中美卫生交流与合作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。修饰形容词important应用副词increasingly作状语。故填increasingly。 26．考查动词不定式。句意：例如，比尔及梅琳达•盖茨基金会（Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation）与中国的多个部门合作，共同应对全球卫生挑战。根据句意可知，address应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to address。 27．考查定语从句。句意：2016年，该基金会与清华大学和北京市人民政府合作建立了全球药物发现研究所，以促进发展中国家的健康倡议。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Global Drug Discovery Institute，指代事物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 28．考查形容词。句意：同上。该空作定语修饰名词countries应用形容词。根据常识和Tsinghua University and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality可知，此处应用表示“发展中的”的形容词developing。故填developing。 29．考查时态。句意：2017年起，中美卫生健康对话机制Ⅱ正式启动，成为促进两国卫生合作的平台。根据时间状语Since 2017可知，此处表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。主谓一致，故填has emerged。 30．考查时态。句意：这一年度活动由北京大学国家发展研究院和美中关系全国委员会共同主办，促进了两国卫生专家之间的广泛讨论。根据句意，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主谓一致，故填facilitates。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 核心语法精练（it作形式主语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空（基本语法） 2 二、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 11 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 （一）定义及基本用法 定义及基本用法 定义 当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时，通常用it(不能用that，this等词) 来作形式主语代替它们，而将真正的主语放在后面，以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 基本用法 (1) it作不定式的形式主语句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋to do sth.，这类名词有：a pleasure，a fact等 It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有：wrong，right，important，difficult，easy等 It is＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth.，这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有：kind，good，polite，selfish等 It takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋to do sth.，这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略 (2) it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋doing sth.，这类名词有：(no) use，a waste of time等 （二）it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型 用法 例句 It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句 It's certain that William will do well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句，这类名词有：a fact，a pity，a shame等 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language all over the world. 事实上，在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。 It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句，这类过去分词有：known，announced，believed，decided等 It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 It＋不及物动词＋主语从句，这类动词有：seem，matter，strike，occur等 It occurred to me that he had gone to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。 一、单句语法填空（基本语法） 1. It is a classic debate 　               　the ends justify the means, or reasonable means can certainly differ. 2. It remains to be seen 　               　will sign up for the 1500-meter race. 3. It is a pity 　               　the museum built in the eighteenth century does not attract visitors. 4. 　               　is known to us all is that the Beijing Olympic Games took place in 2008. 5. It is known to all 　               　the country is a leading agricultural nation. 6. It is suggested at the end of the passage 　               　the things 　               　we buy often affect many people's lives around the world. 7. It was until late afternoon 　               　he was figuring out 　               　he considered was a wise way to fight against it. 8. It's true 　               　inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn't be completely overlooked. 9. It is reported 　               　the flood has influenced the lives of over 200 residents. 10. You oughtn't to have gone out without a coat yesterday. It isn't surprising 　               　you caught a cold. 11. It's unclear 　               　the tiny computer will be released, but it will come onto the market sooner or later. 12. It is not a problem 　               　we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 13. It surprised her greatly 　               　her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years. 14. It makes no difference to me 　               　you go today or tomorrow. 15. It's not surprising 　               　you won the medal, considering how much you paid for it. 16. It is often the case 　               　miracles can happen for those who hang on to hope. 17. It is reported 　               　the Arctic is having its hottest June ever and is suffering its worst wildfire seasons on record. 18. It's none of your business 　               　my private life is like. 19. 　               　certain that his invention will make people's life convenient. 20. It used to be thought 　               　the Earth was flat. 21. 　               　is the most important in life is that we should always be confident about the future. 22. It remains to be seen 　               　the new school rules can be put into practice. 23. It doesn't matter 　               　your home is in a noisy downtown or in the remote countryside. 24. It's certain 　               　music lessons in early childhood improve the brain's performance. 25. It doesn't matter 　               　you have the ability to be on top of your professional careers as long as you work hard the whole time. 26. It is obvious to the whole world 　               　the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either destroy them or take them over. 27. It never occurred to me 　               　you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 28. It is obvious to the students 　               　they should get well prepared for their future. 29. It is generally believed 　               　improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. 30. It soon became widely known 　               　the attempt to save girl had failed. 31. It matters little 　               　a man dies, but 　               　matters much is 　               　he lives. 32. It has been pointed out 　               　plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. 33. It is reported 　               　the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees. 34. It is no use 　               　for your mistakes now. 　               　you need to do is correct them as soon as possible. 35. It is not a problem 　               　we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 二、完成句子（用it作形式主语） 1. 我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。 When I passed the church, some noise 　               　inside. 2. 天气追踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。 It remains to be seen 　               　weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters. 3. 1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了。 On 18 April 1955, 　              　               　 　Einstein had passed away. 4. 众所周知，火药最早是由中国人发明的。 　              　               　 　 the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. 5. 他是否会出国深造仍不得而知。 　              　               　 　 he’ll go abroad for further study or not. 6. 真遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。 　              　               　 　 you’ve missed such a good chance. 7. 金融危机是否会很快结束尚不明确。 It is not immediately clear 　               　the financial crisis will soon be over. 8. 总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工尚不清楚。 It is by no means clear 　               　the president can do to end the strike. 9. 事实证明，童年时期吃蔬菜有助于预防成年后的严重疾病。 　              　               　 　 eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 10. 据估计，这些广播节目覆盖了当地高达60%的人口。 　              　               　 　 up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. 11. 你怎么穿都无所谓，没人在意。 　              　               　 　 you’re dressed. No one cares. 12. 至关重要的是，我们要在全球范围内制定正确的规则。 It is crucial 　               　we get the rules right at the global level. 13. 资金形式的捐赠很可能在一周内到位。 It is likely 　               　the donation in the form of funds will come in one week. 14. 事实证明，这种做法只有好处。 It has been proved 　               　the practice can only do good. 15. 人们普遍承认，月球是一个寂静的世界。 It is generally admitted 　               　the moon is a world of silence. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Understanding ideas MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF 22 March  2015 Today we celebrate. It’s 1.____________(exact) one month since the last 2.____________(report) case. But it is 3.____________(重要的) not to take any chances. So, 20 health care workers from almost as many countries, comrades in arms, raise 4._____________(虚拟的) glasses 5._______ each other. I arrived 6._________Liberia with MSF almost three months ago. When I saw the 7._________________(凄惨的画面) on the news, I felt it was my duty 8._____a doctor to go there and 9.__________(提供)my help. I knew I was 10.__________________________(冒生命危险). but I thought, if I don’t do it, who will? It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national 11.________________(国界). There 12._______(be) no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else 13._______________ (involve) 14.______ combating this terrible disease. My mission was 15.______________(relieve) Emma, a 16.______________(Canada) 17.______________(special) 18.____infectious diseases 19.______the end of her posting. Emma spent an hour with me in the staff room 20._______(talk) me 21.____________the daily routine. As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages 22.___________(speak) at the tables around us. 23.__________(late), Emma introduced me 24._____ some of the others working for or alongside MSF: Wilton, 25.___young local man, 26._______ helped carry the very sick into the 27.____________(treat) clinic and who 28.______________(消毒) clothing and surfaces; Maisy, a 29.____________(retire) public health official from Darwin, Australia, 30.____________ local team of volunteers educated people 31.___ preventing 32._____________(infect); Alfonso, a soft-spoken Argentinian doctor 33._____ his 50s, who had 34.____________(previous) worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea. The list went on. I found that I was the only Chinese doctor 35.________people of all ages, colours and 36._____________(信仰) , from every continent except Antarctica. With each person I met, I felt a 37.____________(grow) 38._______________________(自豪感) as part of this extraordinary team, 39._______ devotion 40._____the cause shone from their eyes In the few weeks since then, I 41._______________(come) to know these people very well. We have worked together, 42._______________(surround) by blood vomit and death. But, 43.___________ the 44.____________(死亡率) is very high, we will never give up 45._____ a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end 46.____miracles Just after my 47._____________(arrive), 48.___________________(一家六口)49. _______________(bring) here in the back of a van. All of them were infected. The twin girls and their parents soon died. We knew there was little hope 50._____ the brothers but we did everything we could 51.___________(save) them. When we visited the ward the next morning, we were amazed 52._________(see) that 53._____________________(尽管困难重重；概率极低), 54.______ boys were still alive. Pascal and Daniel have since made a full 55._____________(recover). This small but 56.________________(expect) success 57.___________________(弥补)many other 58.___________(little) fortunate cases. 59.___________________(catch) up in such a crisis creates 60.____________(power) 61._____________(连接，羁绊) between people, not only between 62.___________(care) and patients, 63._____also between all those 64.______have come from different parts of the world and joined together 65._________________________(因为共同事业). It is so 66._______________(令人鼓舞的) to have colleagues 67._____ Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, 68. _______________(更别提)all the others I have worked 69._________. Now my time is almost 70._____(结束). In a few days, someone else will arrive to step into my shoes, and the 71.___________(tire) work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and 72.____________(地区) around the world 73._________(go) on. In a world still 74._____________(face) so many problems, it is 75.___________(absolute) essential 76.____ us all to collaborate 77.__________(create) a 78.________________________(“地球村”) with a 79._____________(share) future of peace and 80._______________(繁荣). 2. Developing ideas The Words That Changed A Nation 1.______ a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a 2.______________(讲台) in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a recent battle 3._________ thousands of soldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincoln President of the United States of America and he was there 4.____________________(纪念) the soldiers who had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and 5._____(last) two minutes. But this 6.______________(演说) to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped 7.__________(塑造) a nation. At that time, America was 8.__________ (bitter) divided. For two years, 9.______(it) people had been deep in a 10.__________________(内战) between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States 11._______the “free” Northern States of the Union. The 12.____________(bad) battle lasted three days and 13.__________________(发生) at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won but 14.____________________(代价惨重). Over 50, 000 soldiers were killed or 15._______________(wound), and people lost hope and 16._______________(目标). What was all this 17._________________ (苦难) for? Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. Hi speech gave them hope, 18._____________(信念) and a reason to look to the future. He gave them 19._____________________(新的愿景) of 20._______ the United States of America should be, 21.___________(base) on the ideals 22.___________(set) down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was 23._______the soldiers had died for. Now it was 24.___________(取决于，依靠) the 25.____________(live) to remove not only the 26._____________(divide) between North and South, 27.____________the boundaries between black and white and work 28.__________________(一步一步,逐渐地) towards the 29._____________(equal) of humankind. The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln 30._______________________________(87年前) our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated 31.__________the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we 32. ________________(engage) in a great civil war, 33.___________(test) whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it 34.______ a final resting place for those 35.______ here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But 36._______________________(从更广泛意义上来说), we can not dedicate-we can not consecrate-we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who 37.________________(抗争) here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget 38._______ they did here. It is for us, the living rather to be dedicated here to the 39._______________(未完成的) work which they have, thus far, so 40.____________(noble) carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died 41._____________(徒劳): that this nation shall have a new birth of 42.______________(free); and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2024-2025学年高二下·河南·月考) In the digital age, many young people tend to share marriage announcements on social media platforms like Sina Weibo. Yet a new trend has reemerged — publishing marriage announcements in traditional newspapers. ___1___quick search on the topic “publishing marriage announcements in newspapers” will bring up ___2___ (variety) posts, along with those who have done so sharing their experiences. ___3___short-lived digital posts, newspaper announcements provide a sense of permanence, offering a meaningful way ___4___ (keep) memories during a time when digital content can’t last. Some young people view publishing marriage announcements in newspapers as more formal than ___5___in social media, and they describe it as a ___6___ (commit) written in black ink and on white paper — a declaration of the couple’s promise to grow old together. However, this practice is not a new phenomenon in China. In the first half of the twentieth century, when marriage laws were still underdeveloped, such announcements ___7___ (carry) legal significance. They allowed couples to ___8___ (public) share their joyous news with their family and friends. The regained popularity serves as an example of ___9___ tradition can better adapt to modern times. By combining cultural heritage with personal creativity, it offers meaningful rituals (仪式) in today’s digital world. These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth ___10___ (preserve). B (2024-2025学年高二下·广东·阶段测试) Huang Xuhua, chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (潜艇), passed away on Thursday evening in Wuhan, Hubei province. He was 99. Huang was born in March 1926 in Guangdong province. At ___11___ age of 19, he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study shipbuilding. In 1958, Huang was selected to join the research team ___12___ (task) with designing China’s first nuclear-powered submarine. At the___13___ (begin) of the design work, Huang and his colleagues had no prior knowledge in that field, and since other countries were extremely ___14___ (protect) of such technologies, they had very few technical reference materials. The researchers eventually came up with five plans after ___15___ (piece) together all the information they could find. The team members didn’t have computers ___16___ digital calculators, so they used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to solve problems. ___17___ (ensure) accurate calculation results, they were divided into three groups to do the math at the same time and would recalculate if the results did not match. After years of painstaking efforts, China successfully built its first nuclear-powered submarine in 1970, becoming the ___18___ (five) nation to develop such technology. Huang's name remained classified ___19___ 1987, when a magazine in Shanghai was allowed to publish a report about him. Due to his outstanding contributions, Huang ___20___ (award) the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest honor, in 2019. C (2024-2025学年高二下·湖南·月考) Since President Richard Nixon’s ___21___ (history)1972 visit to China, scientific collaboration between China and the US has increased, particularly in health and medicine. In early 1980, ___22___ US delegation visited China, which consisted ___23___ representatives from the country’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and directors of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services. This effort, ___24___ (support) by Chinese government departments and academicians, quickly promoted joint programs on public health research. Over the next four decades, the relationship between Chinese and US health research institutions strengthened considerably. Nongovernmental institutions have played an ___25___ (increase) important role in promoting health exchange and cooperation between China and the US. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, for instance, has partnered with a range of sectors in China ___26___ (address) global health challenges. Since 2015, it has worked with the Chinese Ministry of Commerce to support medical and agricultural development in African nations. In 2016, the foundation partnered with Tsinghua University and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality to establish the Global Drug Discovery Institute, ___27___ promotes health initiatives in ___28___ (develop) countries. Since 2017, the China-US Track Ⅱ Dialogue on Healthcare___29___ (emerge) as a platform for bilateral health cooperation. Co-hosted by the National School of Development at Peking University and the National Committee on US-China Relations, this annual event ___30___ (facilitate) extensive discussion between health experts from both nations. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$