Unit 5 Human and Nature 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语北大师版2019必修第二册

Unit 5 Human and Nature 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．Even if (damage), the robot can still send an emergency signal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．If the experiment (prove) successful, this new battery technology may replace Lithium-ion (锂离子电池技术) by 2026. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Social media is a platform opinions spread rapidly. (用适当的词填空) 4．Unless you respect other people’s religion, (horror) mistakes and conflict will occur. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．In (crowd) places，such as airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The rescue team rushed to the mountain village heavy rainfall had caused landslides. (用适当的词填空) 7．Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation people only complain and expect others to solve their problems." (用适当的词填空) 8．The equipment (measure) only 3 millimeters in length can detect the electronic signals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. (用适当的词填空) 10．The map unfolded, the detective located the right place the killer might hide. (用适当的词填空) 11．The reason he didn’t come to the meeting was that he was ill. (用适当的词填空) 12．Single-use plastic are used at most a few times before they are thrown away. It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．There are various reasons people compose poems. (用适当的词填空) 14．We had to cancel our picnic due to the (horror) weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The IT team are responsible for the (operate) of the projector in the auditorium. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. (用适当的词填空) 17．The background music created an atmosphere the students could exchange their ideas freely. (用适当的词填空) 18．The day she started learning Chinese was in 2018. (用适当的词填空) 19．The global organization has over 1,000 branches adults of all ages come to read. (用适当的词填空) 20．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. (用适当的词填空) 21．I’m really sorry about the suffering and (lost) that was caused. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．She felt rather (frighten) that she shouldn’t have driven the car so fast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．Do you know the theory that earth’s （continent） were once joined together and only separated relatively recently? (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．They were (frighten) to hear the sound. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．There is a pond (measure) 2 metres across. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26． (breathe) slowly, she focused on the yoga coach’s instructions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．His (brave) and devotion led him to become an astronaut. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．The latest survey, (conduct) by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29． (Honest) is an important value and lying is wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．A passer-by saw them (escape) from the burning building, coughing and struggling to breathe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．What has an impact on all (live) things? (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, (wave) their arms in the air as if they were eagles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．We (shock) at the news that he passed away the night before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34． (interrupt) several times during the speech, the speaker became annoyed and asked the audience to remain quiet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．Attending the charity event was an occasion I realized the importance of giving back to the community. (用适当的词填空) 36．The familiar melody brought back my (distance) memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．The students have made good (prepare) for the coming sports meet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．The boy (trap) in the lift(电梯)for 3 hours by the time the police came to his rescue. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39．When I entered the subway, I found it (crowd). (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breath). (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．He had a narrow (逃离) from the earthquake, with only minor injuries on his arm. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．He often takes the first place in various English competitions, which (证明) his excellent English proficiency. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．A team of nurses assisted the doctor in performing the (手术), which proved to be a great success eventually. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．The villagers were t by the floodwaters and had to be rescued by boat. (根据首字母单词拼写) 5．I attended an interesting (讲座) about AI yesterday. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．I was lost in the city when a stranger came to my r and gave me directions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 7．The driver managed to escape from the v and shouted a warning. (根据首字母单词拼写) 8．Our car missed the truck about an inch, therefore, we had a narrow e .(根据首字母单词拼写) 9．Most of the (损害) that's occurred was simply because of the fallen trees. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 10．He was dismissed from his post for unprofessional (行为). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 11．The expedition through the j was full of difficulty and danger. (根据首字母单词拼写) 12．The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and w . (根据首字母单词拼写) 13．We have these dogs as a (保护) against burglars. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 14．The robbers drove off in a stolen (车辆). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 15．The south of the country was worst affected by the (旱灾). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 16．The (飓风) is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 17．She was admitted to hospital for (观察). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 18．We are (进行，实施) a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 19．As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more (拥挤的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 20．Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian e is greater than ever before. (根据首字母单词拼写) 三、完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．那就是他创办慈善机构的原因，慈善活动期间他帮助了1000多名无家可归者。 That’s the reason he started the charity, he helped over 1,000 homeless people. 2．事实证明，这对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。 It on the lives of many people. 3．土壤中的微生物持续活动，分解死亡的动植物，为新的生长提供必要的养分，使土壤更加肥沃。 Microorganisms in the soil work continuously, dead plants and animals and enriching the soil with essential nutrients for new growth. 4．已被证明，整理你的桌子可以提高你的学习和工作效率。 It that sorting out your desk can improve your learning and working efficiency. 5．他的伤势是如此地严重，以致于他身体完全没有了运动能力和知觉，甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。 His injuries were severe he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine . 6．如你所见，我能在这里讲故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 you can see, the reason I’m here to tell the story is that I . 7．若你留心观察，便会惊讶地发现，广州是一座历史与现代文化交融的城市。(定语从句) , you will that Guangzhou is a city 8．老师要求学生将复杂的问题分解成更小、更易处理的步骤。 The teacher asked the students to the complex problem into smaller, more manageable steps. 9．当有人问他对这个问题的看法时，校长婉拒对此作出评论。(comment) When asked about his view on the issue, the principal declined to . 10．一到这座古城，游客就发现这些历史遗迹保存完好。 at the ancient city, the tourists found the . 11．她因工作原因身体垮掉了。 Her health under the pressure of work. 12．“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的盛宴。 of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is the eyes, with its rolling hills . 13．在毕业典礼上，校长发表了演讲，在演讲中他祝贺毕业生们取得来之不易的成就。 At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech their hard-earned achievements.(用定语从句) 14．我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观画廊，我确信我能胜任这项工作。 I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that . 15．我强烈建议你采纳他关于如何打破那么多障碍的建议。 I strongly suggest that you adopt his advice on how to so many barriers. 16．我的汽车在去车站的路上出故障了。 On my way to the station, my car . 17．曾经有一段时期，人们靠狩猎和采集为生。             people lived by hunting and gathering. 18．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝的危险。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 19．他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 20．专家们调查研究了这个问题，实施了多次试验，提出了一个 如何保住那些建筑的方案。（动作链） Experts the issue, several tests, and then made a for how the buildings could be saved. 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Human and Nature 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．Even if (damage), the robot can still send an emergency signal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】damaged 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被损坏，这个机器人仍能发送紧急信号。分析句子可知，Even if引导让步状语从句，完整的从句为even if the robot is damaged，从句中省略了主语the robot和be动词，保留过去分词damaged。故填damaged。 2．If the experiment (prove) successful, this new battery technology may replace Lithium-ion (锂离子电池技术) by 2026. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】proves 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果实验被证明是成功的，这项新的电池技术可能在 2026 年之前取代锂离子电池。在if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，从句主语the experiment为第三人称单数，谓语用prove“证明是”的第三人称单数，故填proves。 3．Social media is a platform opinions spread rapidly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：社交媒体是一个迅速传播意见的平台。空处引导定语从句，先行词是platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 4．Unless you respect other people’s religion, (horror) mistakes and conflict will occur. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】horrible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除非你尊重别人的宗教，否则可怕的错误和冲突就会发生。空处修饰名词mistakes，应用形容词形式horrible作定语。故填horrible。 5．In (crowd) places，such as airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】crowded 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在拥挤的地方，如机场和火车站，你必须照看好你的行李。根据后文places可知，空处应用crowd的形容词形式crowded，作定语，修饰名词places。故填crowded。 6．The rescue team rushed to the mountain village heavy rainfall had caused landslides. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：救援队赶到了大雨引发山体滑坡的村庄。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the mountain village，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation people only complain and expect others to solve their problems." (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose/where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：从前有一位国王，他常常想：“对于一个国家来说，如果人们只会抱怨并指望别人来解决他们的问题，那就不会有什么好事发生。” “________ people only complain and expect others to solve their problems”是定语从句，先行词是nation，关系词在从句中作定语，即表示“这个国家的”人们，所以用关系代词whose；也可以将先行词nation看作地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，此时可用关系副词where。故填whose/where。 8．The equipment (measure) only 3 millimeters in length can detect the electronic signals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】measuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台长度仅为三毫米的设备能够探测电子信号。此处为非谓语动词作定语，句中已有谓语动词can detect，故空格处应用非谓语动词形式，The equipment和measure之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，即主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填measuring。 9．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我祖父曾经居住过的那个村庄现在成了旅游景点。分析句子可知，“my grandfather lived”是定语从句，修饰先行词“The village”，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 10．The map unfolded, the detective located the right place the killer might hide. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地图展开后，侦探找到了凶手可能藏身的准确位置。空处引导定语从句，修饰place，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，故填where。 11．The reason he didn’t come to the meeting was that he was ill. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他没来开会的原因是他病了。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“reason”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语，故应用关系副词“why”引导从句。故填why。 12．Single-use plastic are used at most a few times before they are thrown away. It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to break 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一次性塑料最多使用几次就会被扔掉。它们需要数百年才能分解。it takes sb./sth. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意为“花费某人/某物多久做某事”，空处应用break的不定式形式，作真正的主语，It为形式主语。故填to break。 13．There are various reasons people compose poems. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们写诗有各种各样的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为reasons，在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 14．We had to cancel our picnic due to the (horror) weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】horrible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于天气恶劣，我们不得不取消野餐。此处修饰名词 weather，应用形容词形式，horror 的形容词是 horrible，意为“可怕的，糟糕的”。故填horrible。 15．The IT team are responsible for the (operate) of the projector in the auditorium. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】operation 【详解】考查名词。句意：IT团队负责礼堂投影仪的操作。分析句子可知，“the + 名词 + of...”是一种常见的结构，表示 “……的……”，此处需要一个名词，“operate”的名词形式是“operation”。故填operation。 16．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：20世纪90年代是一个科技进步彻底改变人们交流方式的十年。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a decade，表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，空处应用关系副词连接。故填when。 17．The background music created an atmosphere the students could exchange their ideas freely. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：背景音乐营造了一种学生能够自由交流想法的氛围。这里考查定语从句，先行词an atmosphere ，为抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 18．The day she started learning Chinese was in 2018. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她开始学习中文的那一天是2018年。这里考查定语从句，先行词The day，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 19．The global organization has over 1,000 branches adults of all ages come to read. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该全球组织拥有超过1000个分支机构，各个年龄段的成年人都可以来阅读。根据句意，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“branches”指地点，引导词在从句中作状语。故填where。 20．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：节日总是我们聚在一起玩乐、暂时忘记工作的时刻。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为occasions，意为“时刻”，引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，即“在这些时刻里”，应用关系副词when来引导。故填when。 21．I’m really sorry about the suffering and (lost) that was caused. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于所造成的痛苦和损失，我真的很抱歉。and连接并列成分，前面的suffering是名词，所以空处也用名词作宾语，lost是动词lose的过去式和过去分词形式，其名词形式是loss，意为“损失”，符合题意。故填loss。 22．She felt rather (frighten) that she shouldn’t have driven the car so fast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她感到相当害怕，她不应该把车开得这么快。felt为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词frightened“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。 23．Do you know the theory that earth’s （continent） were once joined together and only separated relatively recently? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】continents 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：你知道地球大陆曾经连接在一起，直到最近才分离的理论吗？结合句意和谓语动词were可知，此处应用名词的复数形式作主语。故填continents。 24．They were (frighten) to hear the sound. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们听到这个声音很害怕。空处作表语，描述主语They的心理感受，应用形容词frightened，意为“害怕的，惊恐的”。故填frightened。 25．There is a pond (measure) 2 metres across. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】measuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一个两米宽的池塘。句中已有谓语动词 is，measure 要用非谓语形式；measure 表示 “（长宽高等）为……” 时，是不及物动词，无被动形式，此处 pond 与 measure 是主动关系，所以用现在分词 measuring 作后置定语，修饰 pond。故填measuring。 26． (breathe) slowly, she focused on the yoga coach’s instructions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Breathing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她缓缓呼吸，专注于瑜伽教练的指导。she与breathe为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Breathing。 27．His (brave) and devotion led him to become an astronaut. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bravery 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的勇敢和奉献精神使他成为了一名宇航员。空处和devotion并列，需填名词bravery，作主语，不可数名词。故填bravery。 28．The latest survey, (conduct) by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】conducted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现，超过12%的青少年希望成为飞行员。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词survey，动词conduct与名词survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词conducted作定语。故填conducted。 29． (Honest) is an important value and lying is wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Honesty 【详解】考查名词。句意：诚实是一种重要的价值，撒谎是错误的。分析句子可知，设空处为名词作句子的主语成分，Honesty“诚实”为名词，满足句意要求。故填Honesty。 30．A passer-by saw them (escape) from the burning building, coughing and struggling to breathe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】escaping/escape 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位路人看见他们正从/从着火的大楼里逃出来，咳嗽着，呼吸困难。“see sb doing sth”意思是“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；“see sb do sth”意思是“看到某人做了某事”，强调动作的全过程或经常性、习惯性的动作。分析句子结构可知，saw是谓语动词，空处应填escape的非谓语动词形式，作宾语补足语。结合语境和题干中的“coughing and struggling to breathe”可知，路人看到他们时，他们正在从着火的大楼里逃出来，所以此处强调动作正在进行，escape应该用现在分词形式escaping；此外，如果用动词原形escape，则意味着路人看到了他们从大楼里逃出来的全过程。故填escaping/escape。 31．What has an impact on all (live) things? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】living 【详解】考查形容词。句意：什么对所有生物有影响？修饰名词things，需用形容词living，作定语。故填living。 32．After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, (wave) their arms in the air as if they were eagles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】waving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：唱完几首歌后，参赛者们舞动着登上绿茵场，在空中挥舞双臂宛如展翅的雄鹰。wave和逻辑主语competitors之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填waving。 33．We (shock) at the news that he passed away the night before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were shocked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们对他在前一晚去世的消息感到震惊。固定短语be shocked at“对…… 感到震惊”，根据从句中的passed away可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语We是复数，be动词用were。故填were shocked。 34． (interrupt) several times during the speech, the speaker became annoyed and asked the audience to remain quiet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having been interrupted/Interrupted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：演讲者在演讲中被打断了好几次，他很生气，要求听众保持安静。本句已有谓语动词，所以interrupt用非谓语形式，主句主语是“the speaker”，与“interrupt”之间为被动关系，且“打断”的动作发生在主句谓语“became annoyed”之前，需用完成时的被动语态，或者也可直接用过去分词表被动亦可，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having been interrupted或者Interrupted。 35．Attending the charity event was an occasion I realized the importance of giving back to the community. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：参加慈善活动让我意识到回馈社会的重要性。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是occasion，关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 36．The familiar melody brought back my (distance) memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：熟悉的旋律勾起了我遥远的回忆。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词memories，distance的形容词是distant，意为“遥远的”。故填distant。 37．The students have made good (prepare) for the coming sports meet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preparations 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们为即将到来的运动会做了充分的准备。空白处在句子中作宾语，因表示泛指，使用复数，且“make preparations for”是固定短语，意为“为……做准备”，所以此处应填prepare的名词复数形式preparations。故填preparations。 38．The boy (trap) in the lift(电梯)for 3 hours by the time the police came to his rescue. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到警察来营救这个男孩时，他已经被困在电梯里三个小时了。根据“by the time the police came to his rescue(到警察来营救这个男孩时)”可知句子表示的是在过去的某个时间前发生的动作，谓语动词用过去完成时。又因为the boy与trap之间是被动关系，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been + 过去分词”，trap的过去分词是trapped，故填had been trapped。 39．When I entered the subway, I found it (crowd). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】crowded 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我进入地铁时，我发现里面很拥挤。此处为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，此处用形容词crowded“拥挤的”，作宾语补足语。故填crowded。 40．I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breath). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢在夏天很早起床。早晨的空气很好呼吸。sth. is + adj. + to do是一个常见结构，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。breath的动词形式为breathe，表示“呼吸”之意。根据句意，故填to breathe。 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．He had a narrow (逃离) from the earthquake, with only minor injuries on his arm. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】escape 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在地震中死里逃生，手臂仅有轻伤。“逃离”作宾语，用名词escape，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数；且a narrow escape是固定表达，意为“死里逃生，幸免于难”。故填escape。 2．He often takes the first place in various English competitions, which (证明) his excellent English proficiency. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】proves 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他经常在各种英语竞赛中获得第一名，这证明了他出色的英语水平。“证明”用动词prove，作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(即前面句中所述情况)之间是主动关系，结合主句谓语动词“takes”可知，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填proves。 3．A team of nurses assisted the doctor in performing the (手术), which proved to be a great success eventually. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】operation 【详解】考查名词： 句意：一组护士协助医生进行手术，最终手术取得了巨大成功。 “手术” 英文表达为 operation，在句中作 performing的宾语，且此处表示单数意义，故填operation。 4．The villagers were t by the floodwaters and had to be rescued by boat. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】trapped/rapped 【详解】考查动词。句意：村民们被洪水困住了，只好靠船只被救了出来。根据句意和首字母t以及空格前的were可知，空格处应该用动词trap的过去分词形式trapped，构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。 5．I attended an interesting (讲座) about AI yesterday. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】lecture 【详解】考查名词。句意：我昨天参加了一个关于人工智能的有趣讲座。根据空前形容词“interesting”和汉语提示“讲座”可知，空处应填名词lecture，由an可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填lecture。 6．I was lost in the city when a stranger came to my r and gave me directions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】rescue/escue 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在城里迷路了，这时一个陌生人来帮我，给我指了路。根据首字母r及语境可知，此处使用名词rescue，固定短语“come to one’s rescue”，表示“来营救某人，来帮助某人”。名词rescue作宾语。故填rescue。 7．The driver managed to escape from the v and shouted a warning. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】vehicle 【详解】考查名词。句意：司机设法从车辆中逃了出来，并大声警告。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词vehicle“车辆”，作介词from的宾语，此处特指司机所在的那辆车，应用名词单数形式。故填vehicle。 8．Our car missed the truck about an inch, therefore, we had a narrow e .(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】escape/scape 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的车差一英寸就撞上那辆卡车了，因此，我们死里逃生。详细分析：不定冠词 a后接可数名词单数，结合首字母 e及前文Our car missed the truck about an inch（我们的车差一英寸就撞上那辆卡车了） 可知，此处指 “死里逃生，幸免于难”；have a narrow escape”是固定短语，意为 “死里逃生”，所以填escape作宾语。故填escape。 9．Most of the (损害) that's occurred was simply because of the fallen trees. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】damage 【详解】考查名词。句意：大部分的破坏都是因为倒下的树木造成的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词damage“损害”为不可数名词作主语，满足句意要求。故填damage。 10．He was dismissed from his post for unprofessional (行为). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】conduct 【详解】考查名词。句意：他因行为不专业而被解除了职务。根据汉语提示可知，表示“行为”用名词conduct，作宾语。故填conduct。 11．The expedition through the j was full of difficulty and danger. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】jungle/ungle 【详解】考查名词。句意：穿越丛林的探险充满了困难和危险。根据首字母j及语境“was full of difficulty and danger”可知，此处表示存在危险和困难的场所，由此可知，此处应为名词jungle，意为“丛林”，作宾语。故填jungle。 12．The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and w . (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】wildlife/ildlife 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个岛上有各种各样的风景和野生动物。根据单词首字母以及句意“野生动物”可知，空格处涉及单词“wildlife”，意为“野生动物”，为不可数名词，作宾语。故填wildlife。 13．We have these dogs as a (保护) against burglars. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】protection 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们养这些狗是为了防止窃贼。根据汉语提示“保护”可知，空格处涉及单词“protection”，意为“保护者”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填protection。 14．The robbers drove off in a stolen (车辆). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】vehicle 【详解】考查名词。句意：强盗们驾驶着一辆偷来的车逃走了。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词vehicle，表示“车辆”，作介词in的宾语，且空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词单数形式。故填vehicle。 15．The south of the country was worst affected by the (旱灾). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】drought 【详解】考查名词。句意：该国南部受旱灾影响最为严重。根据汉语提示“旱灾”可知，此处应填 drought作宾语。故填drought。 16．The (飓风) is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】hurricane 【详解】考查名词。句意：据预测，飓风将于明天上午到达海岸。根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，此处使用名词hurricane，意为“飓风”，在句中作主语。故填hurricane。 17．She was admitted to hospital for (观察). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】observation 【详解】考查名词。句意：她被送进医院接受观察。根据汉语提示“观察”可知，此处为名词observation，作介词for的宾语，不可数。故填observation。 18．We are (进行，实施) a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】conducting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们正在进行一次调查，以了解我们的顾客对当地公共汽车服务的看法。根据句意“正在进行”可知，此处应用现在进行时，表示动作正在发生，主语为we，助动词用are，后跟动词的现在分词形式。根据汉语提示“进行，实施”，应填conducting。故填conducting。 19．As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more (拥挤的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】crowded 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着圣诞节的临近，商店变得越来越拥挤。根据空前get more and more可知，空处应填形容词作表语，结合汉语提示“拥挤的”可知，此处应用形容词crowded作表语。故填crowded。 20．Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian e is greater than ever before. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】exploration/xploration 【详解】考查名词。句意：火星自古以来就令人类着迷，如今我们对火星探索的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。根据句意“探索”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词exploration，作宾语。故填exploration。 三、完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．那就是他创办慈善机构的原因，慈善活动期间他帮助了1000多名无家可归者。 That’s the reason he started the charity, he helped over 1,000 homeless people. 【答案】 why during which 【详解】考查定语从句。第一空引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此用why引导定语从句；第二空处是“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为charity，在此处是指慈善活动期间，用介词during表示“在……期间”，which指代先行词，作宾语。故填why，during，which。 2．事实证明，这对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。 It on the lives of many people. 【答案】has proved to be a positive influence 【详解】考查时态和短语。结合句意可知此处描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，使用现在完成时，表示“事实证明是……”句型为It has proved to be；表示“对……产生了积极影响”短语为a positive influence on。故填has proved to be a positive influence。 3．土壤中的微生物持续活动，分解死亡的动植物，为新的生长提供必要的养分，使土壤更加肥沃。 Microorganisms in the soil work continuously, dead plants and animals and enriching the soil with essential nutrients for new growth. 【答案】 breaking down 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“分解”应用break down，为动词短语，在本句中作非谓语，主语Microorganisms与break down为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作状语。故填breaking down。 4．已被证明，整理你的桌子可以提高你的学习和工作效率。 It that sorting out your desk can improve your learning and working efficiency. 【答案】 has been proved 【详解】考查动词时态语态。表示“证明”应用动词prove，结合汉语提示“已被证明”可知，此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示“过去发生的事情对现在产生影响”，it作形式主语，助动词用has。故填①has；②been；③proved。 5．他的伤势是如此地严重，以致于他身体完全没有了运动能力和知觉，甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。 His injuries were severe he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine . 【答案】 so that to help him breathe 【详解】考查固定句型、状语从句和非谓语动词。“如此……以致于……”用so…that…结构表示，其中副词so修饰形容词severe，而that引导结果状语从句“he had no movement or feeling in his body at all…”；“呼吸都需要借助机器”可理解为“需要一台帮助他呼吸的机器”，结合给出译文needed a machine可知，“帮助他呼吸的”作后置定语，用不定式短语to help him breathe表示。故填：so；that；to；help；him；breathe。 6．如你所见，我能在这里讲故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 you can see, the reason I’m here to tell the story is that I . 【答案】 As why made the right decision 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“如”，应用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个主句，句首单词的首字母需大写；第二空应用关系副词why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，表示“……的原因”；第三至六空表示“做了正确的决定”，可用动词短语make the right decision，且描述的是过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填①As；②why；③made；④the；⑤right；⑥decision。 7．若你留心观察，便会惊讶地发现，广州是一座历史与现代文化交融的城市。(定语从句) , you will that Guangzhou is a city 【答案】 If you observe carefully be surprised to find where history and modern culture blend 【详解】考查从句和时态。“若你留心观察”为if引导的条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时，主句为将来时；“观察”为“observe ”；“留心地”为“carefully”；翻译为“若你留心观察”。“惊讶做某事”为“be surprised to do sth”；“发现”为“find”；“惊讶地发现”为“be surprised to find”；“历史与现代文化交融”为“history and modern culture blend”为定语从句，先行词为city，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填If you observe carefully； be surprised to find； where history and modern culture blend。 8．老师要求学生将复杂的问题分解成更小、更易处理的步骤。 The teacher asked the students to the complex problem into smaller, more manageable steps. 【答案】 break down 【详解】考查动词短语。“分解”用动词短语break down，在不定式符号后用原形。故填break；down。 9．当有人问他对这个问题的看法时，校长婉拒对此作出评论。(comment) When asked about his view on the issue, the principal declined to . 【答案】make comments on it 【详解】考查动词短语。“对此作出评论”为make comments on it。“拒绝做某事”为decline to do sth，因此空处填动词make的原形。故填 make comments on it。 10．一到这座古城，游客就发现这些历史遗迹保存完好。 at the ancient city, the tourists found the . 【答案】 Upon/On arriving historical sites well preserved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“一……就……”应用upon/on doing sth.；“find +宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，表示“历史遗迹”应用historical sites；表示“保存”应用preserve；表示“完好地”应用well；“历史遗迹”和“保存”是被动关系，用过去分词 preserved作宾补。故填①Upon/On arriving；②historical sites well preserved。 11．她因工作原因身体垮掉了。 Her health under the pressure of work. 【答案】 broke down 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处应填“垮掉，崩溃”，可用动词短语break down在句中作谓语，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，break应用过去式形式。故填①broke；②down。 12．“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的盛宴。 of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is the eyes, with its rolling hills . 【答案】 The landscape a feast for dotted with cattle and sheep 【详解】考查动词语态、固定短语。表示“风景”用the landscape，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“……的盛宴”用固定短语a feast for。表示“用……点缀”用dot...with...，与主语The landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态is dotted with。表示“牛羊”用cattle and sheep。故填：①The landscape；②a feast for；③dotted with cattle and sheep。 13．在毕业典礼上，校长发表了演讲，在演讲中他祝贺毕业生们取得来之不易的成就。 At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech their hard-earned achievements.(用定语从句) 【答案】where he congratulated the graduates on 【详解】考查定语从句、时态。“At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech”是主句，后面接定语从句修饰先行词speech。在定语从句中，先行词speech表示抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。表示“祝贺某人某事”含义的表达为“congratulate sb. on sth.”，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，表示“毕业生”为名词graduates。故填 where he congratulated the graduates on。 14．我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观画廊，我确信我能胜任这项工作。 I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that . 【答案】I am equal to the job 【详解】考查固定短语及句子时态。在英语中，“be equal to...” 是固定短语，其含义为 “胜任……”，“the job” 表示 “这项工作”，所以 “be equal to the job” 对应中文 “胜任这项工作” 的表达。根据前文可知，使用一般现在时。故填I am equal to the job。 15．我强烈建议你采纳他关于如何打破那么多障碍的建议。 I strongly suggest that you adopt his advice on how to so many barriers. 【答案】 break down 【详解】考查动词短语。中英文对比可知，空处表示“打破”，使用动词短语break down，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，故填①break；②down。 16．我的汽车在去车站的路上出故障了。 On my way to the station, my car . 【答案】 broke down 【详解】考查短语。根据句意，用短语break down，表示“抛锚，出故障”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填broke down。 17．曾经有一段时期，人们靠狩猎和采集为生。             people lived by hunting and gathering. 【答案】 There was a time when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“曾经有一段时期”句型为there be a time when…，when引导定语从句，根据后文lived可知为一般过去时，首字母大写。故填There was a time when。 18．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝的危险。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 【答案】 disaster the danger of dying out 【详解】考查名词和短语。第一空表示“灾难”应用名词disaster，不定冠词提示用单数；第二空表示“灭绝的危险”可用the danger of dying out，动名词形式dying作介词of的宾语。故填①disaster；②the danger of dying out。 19．他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 【答案】 where being washed away 【详解】考查定语从句和时态语态。第一空定语从句修饰先行词banks，从句缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导；第二空表示“流失”应用wash away，与主语构成被动关系，且表示正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态，故填①where；②being washed away。 20．专家们调查研究了这个问题，实施了多次试验，提出了一个 如何保住那些建筑的方案。（动作链） Experts the issue, several tests, and then made a for how the buildings could be saved. 【答案】 investigated conducted proposal 【详解】考查动词和名词。第一空表示“调查”应用动词investigate，根据后文made可知为一般过去时；第二空表示“实施”应用动词conduct，结合后文made可知为一般过去时；第三空表示“方案”应用名词proposal，作宾语。故填①investigated；②conducted；③proposal。 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$