UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Topic talk & Lesson 1（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Topic talk & Lesson 1 [对应学生用书P88] 1．adult n．成人，成年人 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上 3．summarize vi.& vt.总结，概括 4．custom n．风俗，习惯；传统 5．attach vt.贴；固定；附上 6．accent n．口音 7．retired adj.退休的 8．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的→occasionally adv.偶尔地 9．graduate n．毕业生 vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业 10．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺 11．gather vi.& vt.聚集，聚合→gathering n．聚集；集会 12．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地 13．scare vt.使(某人)惊恐；吓唬→scary adj.可怕的，引起恐慌的→scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的 14．character n．(书写或印刷的)字，字体；特点；人物→characteristic adj.典型的，特有的 15．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的；四周的→surroundings n．周围的环境 16．origin n．起源；出身→original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的 1．come to an end 　　　　　　　　　 结束；终止 2．at war 在交战中 3．put up 举起；张贴 4．let off 使爆炸 5．sweep away 扫除；清除 6．upside down 倒置地 7．light up 照亮；(使)变得喜悦 8．up to 从事，忙于；多达；能胜任 9．scare...away 把……吓跑 10．tens of thousands of 成千上万 1．It be＋过去分词＋that... It is believed that when Fu is put upside down，happiness arrives. 人们相信当“福”字倒着贴，福就会到来。 2．as表示原因 I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible. 通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程，因为要尽早订火车票或机票。 3．the moment引导时间状语从句 Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—and I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年，一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 4．what引导主语从句 What's important is who we eat it with. 重要的是我们和谁一起吃。 [单词巧记] Ⅰ.语境助记一词多义 When the teacher asked for the account why he was not present at school yesterday，he accounted for his absence then，but later he accounted to the teacher that on no account did he tell a lie. 当老师问起他昨天没来上学的原因时，他当时就向老师做了解释，但是后来他向老师说明他绝没有撒谎。 Ⅱ.语境助记易混词 An evening party was held to congratulate my desk­mate on his winning the English contest.Like celebrating his birthday，many students in our class came to express their congratulations on the progress he had made. 昨晚举行了一个晚会来祝贺我的同桌赢得了英语比赛。像庆贺他的生日一样我们班许多同学都来祝贺他取得的进步。 Ⅲ.词缀助记派生词 1．名词后缀：­ion graduate (v.)→graduation congratulate (v.)→congratulation decorate(v.)→decoration 2．形容词后缀：­y，­ed，­al，­ant stick (v.)→sticky attach (v.)→attached retire (v.)→retired tradition (n.)→traditional origin (n.)→original expect (v.)→expected 3．副词后缀：­ly immediate(adj.)→immediately Ⅳ.合成词一族 hot＋pot＝hotpot fire＋cracker＝firecracker [短语助记] 1．表示“决不”的短语还有：in no case，at no time，in no sense，in no way，by no means，on no condition，under no circumstances，on no consideration，on no occasion 2．The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river. 那个小女孩不敢过桥，因为她害怕掉到河里去。 [对应学生用书P90] 一、读文清障 词块解惑 教材原文 句式释疑 ①Spring Festival 春节 ②share their experiences 分享他们的经历 ③exchange student 交换生 ④host family 寄宿家庭 ⑤be highly valued by 被高度重视 ⑥from top to bottom 自上而下；完全彻底地 ⑦sweep away 清除 ⑧get ready for 为……做准备 ⑨the Chinese character 中国汉字 ⑩be attached to 附属于；被贴在…… ⑪upside down 倒置地 ⑫look really cool 看起来真的漂亮 ⑬the greatest excitement 最令人激动的事 ⑭let off 放 ⑮light up 照亮，点亮 ⑯cover their ears 捂住他们的耳朵 ⑰scare away 吓跑 ⑱sit together 坐在一块儿 ⑲train tickets 火车票 ⑳as early as possible 越早越好 take care 注意；小心 the moment 立刻；一……就…… get on 上(车)等 be surrounded by 被……包围着 Notes from the editor：Spring Festival① is an important tradition in China. It has unique meanings. However， people may understand it differently, including those from other cultures. Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine， who shared their experiences② and views about it. Tom Jenkins a 16­year­old exchange student③ living in Nanjing It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family④. Spring Festival is highly valued by⑤ every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom⑥. My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away⑦ the dirt of the past year and get ready for⑧ the new year. Next，the Chinese character⑨ Fu was attached⑩ upside down⑪ to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down，happiness arrives. The character looked really cool⑫. The greatest excitement⑬began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off⑭ across the city, suddenly lighting up⑮ the night sky. Children were covering their ears⑯ but with an expectant look on their faces. Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away⑰ the monster Nian.The fireworks were a lot of fun！ We then sat together⑱ to enjoy a big dinner，wishing everyone a happy new year. Xu Gang　a 28­year­old computer engineer working in Shanghai I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets⑲ or flights have to be booked as early as possible⑳. I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents. This year, I bought a bottle of wine for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother. Every year，the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. however 在此表示转折 介词短语作定语，修饰those。 该句为倒装句。副词here 位于句首且主语为名词句子往往倒装。 who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词readers。 现在分词作后置定语，修饰student。 Mrs Chen与My host mother之间是同位关系。 此处是不定式短语作表语。 此处为主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。 when引导的时间状语从句。 that引导的宾语从句。同时， the monster与 Nian是同位关系。 fun是不可数名词。 不定式作目的状语。 现在分词短语作伴随状语。 as引导原因状语从句。 介词后如果接动词，往往接动词的­ing形式。 and是并列连词，连接两个并列的成分 a bottle of wine for my father和a beautiful sweater for my mother。 that引导的宾语从句作know的宾语。 续表 词块解惑 教材原文 句式释疑 fill sb. in on 详细告诉某人 get married 结婚 go away 离开，走开 be up to 从事；忙于 the most important thing最重要的事情 talk of 谈论；说到 a lot 许多 start doing 开始做 think about 考虑 buzz with 充满某种感觉或活动 run around 东奔西跑 gather around 聚集在……周围 talk about 谈到 on this occasion 值此之际 health and happiness 健康和快乐 in the coming year 在来年 a family gathering 家庭聚会 the original customs 原来的风俗 the spirit of the festival 节日的精神 most of 大部分；大多数 across the country 遍布全国；祖国各地 I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home， my parents will fill me in on what's been happening—who has got married or had children or gone away to university. It's great to hear what everyone's been up to. We usually have hotpot—it's so tasty! However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is who we eat it with. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of old times. When I was a kid， Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and decorations. As I get older， coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it. Li Yan　a 70­year­old grandmother from Heilongjiang Spring Festival is family time for us. My husband and I are both retired. We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot.Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming. Things start to get really busy. We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be preparedx. Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home.Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing，and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year. Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion—they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year. To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering. Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country. when引导时间状语从句。 it作形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to hear what everyone's been up to。同时，what everyone's been up to作hear的宾语。 what引导的主语从句。主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数第三人称形式。 who引导的表语从句。 when引导的时间状语从句。 as引导的时间状语从句。 动名词短语作主语。 三个由what引导的句子共同作think about的宾语。 现在分词短语作伴随状语。 不定代词有形容词修饰时，形容词往往放在其后面。 二、语篇研读 1．Discussing—Look at the following pictures and discuss the topic about celebrations. 2．Predicting—Look at the pictures and read the title of the passage on Page 52 and predict what the text is probably about? The passage is probably about Spring Festival and the writers' impressions. 1．Where did Tom Jenkins live? A．Heilongjiang.　　　 B．Shanghai. C．Beijing. D．Nanjing. 2．Why was the character Fu attached upside down? A．Because it looks cool. B．Because people believe happiness arrives. C．Because it means sweeping the dirt of the past year. D．Because it means getting ready for the new year. 3．What is the most important thing for Xu Gang? A．Setting off firecrackers. B．Eating hotpot. C．Eating with families and friends. D．Decorating the houses. 4．What does having dumplings mean for Li Yan? A．It means they enjoy the family gathering. B．It means playing with their grandchildren happily. C.It means wishes for the coming year. D．It means our life is becoming better. 答案：1～4　DBCC It was the first time for Tom Jenkins 1.to spend(spend)Spring Festival in China.He found the house 2.cleaned (clean) from top to bottom to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.It is believed 3.that happiness arrives to attach Fu to the door upside down.The night before the Spring Festival，people set off fireworks to scare 4.away the monster Nian. Xu Gang usually goes back home 5.before Spring Festival and choose 6.gifts (gift) for his parents 7.carefully(care).His parents will tell him things 8.that have been happening.It was great to have hotpot with his families and friends. Li Yan and her husband miss their children and grandchildren a lot.They start getting ready for their homecoming 9.in a few weeks.Her grandchildren run, shout and play and her children talk about the past year.They gather to enjoy dumplings which 10.are (be) a sign of their wishes for health and happiness. [对应学生用书P94] 1．(教材P50) Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.选择一个你喜欢的节日或特重要的社交活动。 occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻；时候 (1)on one occasion 有一次 on that occasion 那时；在那种情况下 on occasion 偶尔 on no occasion 绝不，不会(用于句首时句子用部分倒装) (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；偶尔；有时 ①On one occasion，she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次，她半夜给我打电话。 ②He has been known on occasion to lose his temper. 大家都知道他有时会发脾气。 ③He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally(occasion). 他不时地游泳来使自己保持凉快。 ④You should on no occasion do such a thing. →On no occasion should you do such a thing． 在任何情况下你不应该做这样的事。 [名师点津]　occasion 作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作状语表示“(特定的)时刻”，则应用关系副词when引导；如果表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时，则应用关系副词where。 ⑤I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health. 我记得他很少因为健康不佳而请假。 2．(教材P52)to put up decorations 搭建装饰品 put up 修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴 写出下列句中put up的含义 ①They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.建造 ②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.张贴 ③If you have any questions，put up your hands.举起 ④They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.提供食宿 put up with 容忍，忍受 put off 推迟，延期 put down 写下，记下；放下 put away 把……收拾起来；把钱、物等储存起来 put on 穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装；采纳 ⑤I have to put up with my cat's fur all over the house. 我必须要忍受我的猫在我的房子里掉了满地的猫毛。 ⑥Just because of the rain，the sports meet was put off. 因为下雨，运动会才延期的。 ⑦I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child. 我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。 3．(教材P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city.烟花在城市上空燃放。 let off 使某物爆炸 let out 放出；泄露 let sb.down 使某人失望 let in 让……进来，放进 let alone 更不用说，更谈不上 let...alone 不打扰，不惊动 ①I'm afraid she let us down badly. 很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。 ②For most people, it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. 对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标来操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更谈不上上网。 ③It's very cold outside，please let the children in． 外面很冷，请让孩子们进来。 ④The boys were letting off fireworks. 那些男孩在放烟花。 4．(教材P52)Read the three readers' accounts．读三位读者的描述。 account vt.认为是，视为n.描述，报道；(银行)账户；账目；解释，说明 (1)account for 说明(原因等)；做出解释；占……(比例) (2)on account of 由于，因为 on any account 无论如何 on no account 绝不 take account of/take...into account＝take...into consideration 考虑…… ①You should take these facts into account. ＝These facts should be taken into account. 你应将这些事实加以考虑。 ②How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework? 你如何解释作业中出现了这么多错误？ ③I was absent from school on account of illness. 我因病没去上学。 ④We should on no account give up the plan. →On no account should we give up the plan. 我们绝不应该放弃这个计划。 [名师点津]　on no account置于句首时，句子部分倒装。 5．(教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.接着，汉字“福”被倒着贴在前门上。 attach vt.贴；固定；附上 (1)attach sth.to... 把某物连接到/固定在/附在……上 attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 (2)attached 附属于；为……工作；依恋；爱慕 be attached to... 被连接到……；爱慕…… an attached school 附属学校 ①Attach a recent photograph to your application form before handing it in. 申请表上请贴一张近照再上交。 ②I attach great significance to the summit meeting. 我认为这次峰会会议具有重要意义。 ③This hospital is attached(attach)to Hefei Medical University nearby. 这个医院附属于附近的合肥医科大学。 ④Attached to this email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you'll read to see if it's practical. 附在这个邮件中的是我为我的小组制订的训练计划，我希望你能读一下，看看它是否实用。 [名师点津]　attach ... to ...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、动名词等。 6．(教材P52)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.陈女士说这是为了吓走“年”兽。 scare sb./sth.away 把……吓跑 (1)scared adj. 惊恐的，担惊受怕的 be scared be scared to death 吓得要命 (2)scare vt.使某人受惊；惊吓n.恐慌；惊恐 scare sb.away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 ①She tries to scare the child into behaving well. 她试图恐吓那孩子让其守规矩。 ②She was scared to death(die)to wait for the result of her entrance examination in the middle of June. 在六月中旬，她非常害怕地等着入学考试成绩。 ③The little girl was scared to go(go)out alone in the evening. 晚上小女孩不敢独自外出。 ④So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare). 所以我几乎是在黑暗中跑回家，尽量不让自己太害怕。 7．(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—and I know that I am heading home to my family.每年，一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 surround vt.环绕；围绕 (1)surround sb./sth.with... 使……包围某人/某物 be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕 surround＋反身代词＋with... 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西) (2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境；气氛 ①People say it is Canada's most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. 人们说它是加拿大最美丽的城市，被山和太平洋环抱。 ②He loves to surround himself with his family and friends. 他喜欢与家人和朋友在一起。 ③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings． 只有这样，我们才能生活在更加舒适优美的环境中。 8．(教材P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程，因为要尽早订火车票或飞机票。 [句式点拨]　句中的as作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。 (1)as作为从属连词，可以引导下列从句 a.时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候”、“一面……一面……”、“随着……”，从句可放主句之前或主句之后。 b．引导方式状语从句，意为“如同”、“按照……的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。 c．as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。 d．as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么”“如此”)，第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句常常用省略形式)。其基本结构为：as＋adj./adv.＋as。 (2)as作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，可以指人也可指物。 (3)as作为介词的用法：表示“好像，作为，当作”。 ①As time went on/by, he contented himself with a simple life. 随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。 ②Difficult as it is，we should not give it up. 尽管很难，我们不应该放弃。 ③This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 ④I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as I might do in China. 我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。 ⑤As I was busy preparing for my final exam，I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it. 因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。 9．(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—and I know that I am heading home to my family.每年一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 [句式点拨]　句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状语从句，the moment表示“一……就”。 表示“一……就”的形式还有： (1)the minute/second/instant (2)immediately/directly/instantly (3)hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than... (4)as soon as... (5)on＋n./doing... ①I knew he was the man the police were looking for the moment I saw him. →I knew he was the man the police were looking for as soon as I saw him. →I knew he was the man the police were looking for instantly/immediately/directly I saw him. 我一看见他，就知道他就是警察要找的人。 ②No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. →Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就开始下雨了。 ③They were presented with flowers on arrival/arriving(arrive)at the airport. 在他们到达机场时，向他们献了花。 ④The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 [对应学生用书P98] 被动语态的用法 1．Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. 2．First，the house was cleaned from top to bottom. 3．Fireworks were being let off across the city. 4．The night sky was lighted up by them. 5．...I am surrounded by Shanxi accents... 6．Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as the dumplings are being made. [自我归纳] 以上各句均为被动语态。其中1、5、6句为一般现在时的被动语态；具体结构是：am/is/are done；2、4句为一般过去时的被动语态，具体结构是：was/were done；3句为过去进行时的被动语态，具体结构是was/were being done；6句为现在进行时的被动语态，具体结构为am/is/are being done。 一、基本知识 (一)概念 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。 (二)构成 被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 (三)用法 1．讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语) My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨天夜里被偷了。 2．借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。 The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy. 这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。 3．为使句子更加合理、流畅。 The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus. 这计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。 4．习惯用法的需要。 这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 He was born in China in 2020. 他于2020年出生在中国。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1．—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants are interviewed(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority. 2．If nothing is done(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 3．Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid(pay)on Friday. 二、形式 时态名称 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词 过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋过去分词 时态名称 被动语态形式 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去完成时 had＋been＋过去分词 含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋过去分词 The boy is often heard to play the piano. 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时) She was seen to enter the hall. 有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时) A new house will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时) The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时) A meeting was being held when I was there. 我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时) All these flowers have been watered. 这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时) The building had been completed before I arrived. 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时) These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词) [名师点津]　被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。 She got hurt on her way back home. 她在回家的路上受伤了。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1．—Have you heard about that fire in the market? —Yes，fortunately no one was hurt(hurt). 2．The condition is usually treated with drugs and a strict diet. 3．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward)with success in the end. 4．The fire had been put (put) out before the firefighter arrived. 5．Three thousand of words have been remembered (remember) by the little boy by now. 三、被动语态的注意事项 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道鲜美。 The cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很软。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布好洗。 The engine won't start. 引擎发动不起来。 (3)need，want，require作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing. 这项计划需要讨论。 2．不用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。 The price has risen. 价格升高了。 The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。 [名师点津]　要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 (2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。 This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙适合这把锁。 Your story agrees with what he heard. 你的故事与他听到的相符。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1．Your idea sounds(sound)a good one. 2．This cheese doesn't cut(not cut)easily.It's too soft. 3．The flowers in the garden need watering(water). 4．The book belongs (belong) to me. 5．They shook (shake) hands with each other warmly at the school gate just now. [对应学生用书P101] 1．Her strong local accent(口音)betrayed her hometown. 2．I swept(扫除)rainwater off the flat top of a gravestone. 3．We talked about the Dragon(龙) Boat Festival holiday and Children's Day. 4．There is an ice lantern(灯笼)show in Harbin every year in winter. 5．Could you summarise(概括)the strengths of your proposal for us? 6．This is happening in every school throughout (遍及) the country. 7．He jumped for joy (喜悦) on being told the news. 8．Jim has retired (退休), but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. 9．The only wall decorations (装饰物) are candles and a single mirror. 10．I got in touch with him immediately (一……就……)after I received the letter. 1．Occasionally (occasion)they would come to dinner with us. 2．My whole family came to my graduation(graduate) last week. 3．We offer our congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination. 4．In order to make a comfortable environment, the hall is decorated (decorate) with flowers and pictures. 5．Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional (tradition) Fujian dishes. 6．The meeting didn't come to an end until 12 o'clock. 7．I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down． 8．I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings(surround). 9．This hospital is attached (attach) to the medical college nearby. 10．I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax. 1．I have determined on going to the countryside after graduating from university． 我已决定大学毕业后去农村。 2．As she was not well，I went there alone. 因为她身体不好，所以我独自到那里去了。 3．I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing． 我一到北京就感到耳目一新。 4．What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 他在会议上所说的让在场的所有人很震惊。 5．Everything taken into account, I think I am qualified for the position. 考虑到一切情况，我认为我能胜任这个职位。 (一)单句语法填空 1．Vegetables and fruits in this shop sell(sell)well. 2．Football is played(play)in most countries of the world. 3．I had not been woken(wake)up by the noise，so I was late this morning. 4．When was the first man­made satellite sent(send)up into space? 5．How many magazines can be borrowed(borrow)from your library every week? 6．I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired(repair)at the garage. 7．Unless some extra money is found(find)，the theatre will close. 8．I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held(hold)back thankfully by the shop window. 9．It is reported that a space station will be built(build)on the moon in years to come. 10．The Great Wall is known(know)all over the world. (二)完成句子 1．An apple is eaten by me every day. 我每天吃一个苹果。 2．He was taken to the park by his mother yesterday. 昨天，他被妈妈带去了公园。 3．The child will be sent to his parents next week. 那个小孩子下个月将要被送回他的父母那里。 4．My homework has been finished by me. 我的作业已经被做完了。 5．A big bridge is being built in our city now. 一座大桥正在我们的城市被建造。 6．Trees can be planted at the foot of the hill. 树可以被种在山脚下。 7．I didn't know that my watch had been mended． 我不知道我的表已经修好了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$