Unit 2语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义 -2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册

2025-07-20
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 35 KB
发布时间 2025-07-20
更新时间 2025-08-07
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-07-20
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八上Unit 2语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义​ 一、基数词​ (一)定义​ 基数词是表示数目_______________的数词,比如 _______________(一),_______________(二), _______________(三), _______________(四), _______________(五)等。 它用于回答 “多少” 这样的问题,例如: “_______________ _______________ _______________ are there?” (有多少个苹果?) “_______________ _______________ _______________.” (有三个。)​ (二)基数词的写法与读法​ 1 - 12:这些数字是基础,需要逐个记忆,它们的拼写和读音并无明显规律。​ six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve​ 13 - 19:在个位数词的词干后加 -teen 构成。要注意其中十三, 十五, 十八的拼写变化比较特殊。​ _______________, fourteen, _______________, sixteen, seventeen,_______________, nineteen​ 20 - 90 的整十数:在个位数词后面加 -ty 构成。需注意二十,三十, 四十,五十, 八十的拼写变化。​ _______________, _______________, _______________,_______________, sixty, seventy, _______________, ninety​ 21 - 99 的非整十数:由 “十位数 + 连字符 - + 个位数” 构成。​ 21:twenty - _______________​ 35:_______________ - five​ 99:ninety - _______________​ 百位数:用 “数字 + hundred” 表示,在百位和十位之间(若十位为零则是与个位之间)要加 and 。​ 100 :_______________ hundred​ 234 :_______________hundred _______________ thirty - four​ 305:_______________ hundred _______________ five 千位数:用 “数字 + thousand” 表示。​百位为 “0”,无需单独读出,用 “and” 连接千位和十位(在英式英语中较常见,美式英语有时省略 “and”,但正式场合通常保留) 1,000 :_______________ thousand​ 2,567 :_______________ thousand _______________ hundred and sixty - seven​ 3039:_______________thousand _______________ thirty-nine 百万及以上:“百万(数字后6个,000, 000)” 用 million,“十亿(数字后9个,000, 000, 000)” 用 billion 。规则同百、千。​ 1,000,000 :_______________ million​ 2,000,000,000 :_______________ billion​ 56,789,000 :_______________ million _______________ hundred and_______________ thousand​ (三)基数词的用法​ 表示确切数目:hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等词前有具体数字时,只能用单数形式,不能变复数。​ _______________ _______________ _______________(五百名学生)​ _______________ _______________ _______________(三千本书)​ 表示不确切数目:hundred,thousand,million,billion 等词后若加 -s,且与 of 连用,表示不确定的数目,意为 “成百上千”“成千上万”“数百万”“数十亿” 等。​ _______________ _______________ _______________(成百上千的人)​ _______________ _______________ _______________(成千上万的鸟)​ _______________ _______________ _______________(数百万颗星星)​ 表示模糊群体数量,用in+数字复数+and+数字复数 _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________(三三两两) 表示年龄:用 “基数词 + years old”,其中 years old 可以省略。​ _______________ _______________ _______________ (years old).(她十岁了。)​ My father is _______________.(我父亲四十五岁。)​ 表示某人的几十岁用in one’s +整十的复数形式。 She became famous _______________ _______________ _______________ .(她在二十几岁时出名的) 表示年代:用 “in + the + 基数词复数”,表示 “在…… 世纪…… 年代” 。​ _______________ _______________ _______________ (在 20 世纪 80 年代),这里的 1980s 读为 nineteen eighties 。​ 表示编号:​ 房间号:Room 201(201 房间)​ 页码:Page 50(第 50 页)​ 公交车号:Bus No. 10(10 路公交车)​ 用于数学运算:​ 加法:2 + 3 = 5 ,Two plus three equals five. 或者 Two and three is five.​ 减法:7 - 4 = 3 ,Seven minus four is three.​ 乘法:5 × 6 = 30 ,Five times six is thirty. 或者 Five multiplied by six is thirty.​ 除法:12 ÷ 4 = 3 ,Twelve divided by four is three.​ 表示时间:​ 整点:用 “基数词 + o'clock”,o'clock 可以省略。​ _______________ _______________ (o'clock).(现在是五点。)​ 几点几分:​ 顺读法:“小时 + 分钟” 。​ 7:30 ,_______________ _______________​ 9:15 ,_______________ _______________​ 逆读法:​ 分钟 ≤ 30,用 “分钟 + past + 小时” 。​ 7:20 ,_______________ _______________ _______________​ 9:15 ,a quarter_______________ _______________(a quarter 表示 15 分钟)​ 分钟>30,用 “(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1)” 。​ 7:40 ,_______________ _______________ _______________​ 9:45 ,_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ (四)基数词的位置​ 位于 another, all 之后:​ Can you have_______________ _______________ _______________?(你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?)​ The boy lost_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ last week.(这个男孩上周把五支铅笔都弄丢了。)​ 位于 such 和 more 之前:​ I can finish reading _______________ _______________ _______________ in two days.(我能在两天内读完两本这样的书。)​ Please give me_______________ _______________ _______________ to eat.(请再给我一个苹果吃。)​ 可置于 last, next, other 之前或之后:​ His last two books are written in English.(他的最后两本书是用英语写的。)​ I will go to Beijing next three days.(接下来的三天我要去北京。) 这种表达不太常见,更常用 I will go to Beijing in the next three days. 但从位置角度理解可以这么用;​ I have_______________ _______________ _______________. = I have _______________ _______________ _______________.(我还有另外两支钢笔。)​ (五)基数词练习题​ 写出下列基数词​ 14 ________________​ 30 ________________​ 56 ________________​ 89 ________________​ 101 ________________​ 2,345 __________________________________​ 单项选择​ 1.There are __________ students in our school.​ A. eight hundreds B. eight hundred C. eight hundred of D. eight hundreds of​ 2.My little brother is only __________ old.​ A. five - year B. five year C. five years D. fifth year​ 3.It's __________ now. Let's go to school.​ A. seven - thirty B. seven thirty C. thirty seven D. thirty - seven​ 4.They arrived at school __________ this morning.​ A. in twos and threes B. in two and three C. in two or three D. in twos or threes​ 用所给基数词的适当形式填空​ 1.There are about two __________ (thousand) trees in the park.​ 2.He is in his __________ (twenty).​ 3.We have learned __________ (hundred) of English words this term.​ 基数词练习题答案​ 14 fourteen;30 thirty;56 fifty - six;89 eighty - nine;101 one hundred and one; 2,345 two thousand three hundred and forty - five​ 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A​ 1.thousand;2.twenties;3.hundreds 二、序数词​ (一)定义​ 序数词是表示顺序_______________的数词,用于回答 “第几” 这样的问题,比如 _______________(第一), _______________(第二), _______________(第三)等。其前面一般要加定冠词 ______________。例如: “Which is your room?” (哪个是你的房间?) “It's_______________ _______________ _______________ on the left.” (是左边第三个房间。)​ (二)基数词变序数词的方法​ 第一、第二、第三:是特殊变化,需特别记忆。​ _______________(1st),_______________(2nd),_______________(3rd)​“末尾tdd” 第四到第十九:在基数词后加 -th 构成,但要注意以下特殊情况:“8去t,9去e,ve要用f替”​ _______________(第五),_______________(第八); _______________(第九) ;_______________(第十二)​​ 整十数的序数词:将基数词词尾的 y 变成 ie,再加 -th 。​ _______________(20th),_______________(30th),_______________(40th),_______________(50th),_______________(60th),_______________(70th),_______________(80th),_______________(90th) 非整十数的序数词:仅个位数变为序数词,十位数及以上保留基数词形式,中间用连字符连接。​ 21st:twenty - _______________​ 32nd:thirty - _______________​ 45th:forty - _______________​ 78th:seventy - _______________​ 99th:ninety - _______________​ 101st:one hundred (and) _______________​ 1,000th:one thousandth​ 1,000,000th:one millionth​ (三)序数词的用法​ 表示顺序、名次:其前一般要加定冠词 the 。​ She is _______________ _______________in the exam.(她考试第一名。)​ This is _______________ _______________ _______________I have been here.(这是我第二次来这里。)​ 表示编号:​ 楼层:_______________ _______________ _______________(三楼)​ 日期:​ 美式英语中,“月份 + 序数词”, 如 六月一日,读为 _______________ _______________ _______________;​ 英式英语中,“the + 序数词 + of + 月份”, 如八月三日,读为 _______________ _______________ _______________ August 。​ 表示分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。​ 1/3:_______________ _______________​ 2/5:_______________ _______________​ 3/4:_______________ _______________ 或 _______________ _______________(quarter 表示四分之一) 序数词前有物主代词等限定词时:不再用定冠词 the 。​ It's _______________ _______________ _______________.(这是我的第二本书。)​ “a/an + 序数词”:表示 “又一,再一”,不强调顺序。​ Can you give me _______________ _______________ _______________?(你能再给我一次机会吗?)​ (四)序数词练习题​ 写出下列基数词对应的序数词及缩写形式​ 5 __________ __________​ 9 __________ __________​ 12 __________ __________​ 20 __________ __________​ 33 __________ __________​ 56 __________ __________​ 单项选择​ 1.Today is my daughter's __________ birthday.​ A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifths​ 2.He lives on __________ floor.​ A. twelve B. the twelve C. the twelfth D. twelfth​ 3.December is the __________ month of the year.​ A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. the twelfth​ 4.I have tried three times, and the teacher asks me to have __________ try.​ A. a four B. a fourth C. the fourth D. fourth​ 5.The __________ lesson is very difficult.​ A. twenty - one B. twenty - first C. twentieth - one D. twentieth - first​ 用所给序数词的适当形式填空​ 1.This is my __________ (three) time to visit the Great Wall.​ 2.The __________ (one) day of a week is Sunday.​ 3.He came __________ (two) in the race.​ 4.Please turn to Page __________ (twenty - two).​ 5.The __________ (nine) question is too hard for me.​ 序数词练习题答案​ 5 fifth 5th;9 ninth 9th;12 twelfth 12th;20 twentieth 20th; 33 thirty - third 33rd;56 fifty - sixth 56th​ 1.B 2.C 3,C 4.B 5.B​ 1.third;2.first;3.second;4.Twenty - two;5.ninth 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 2语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义  -2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册
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Unit 2语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义  -2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册
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Unit 2语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义  -2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册
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