UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Other Parts（Word教参）-【优化指导】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Other Parts Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 2．tongue n．舌头；语言 3．semester n．学期 4．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油 5．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁 6．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房 7．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子 8．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 9．gap n．间隔；开口；差距 10．vocabulary n．词汇 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；平等地 2．describe vt.描写→description n．描写(文字)；形容 3．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的；要求严格的 4．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.有联系的；相关的→relation n．[C]亲戚；亲属；关系 形容词加后缀­ity构成名词，后缀­ity表示“性质、状态或程度”。 equal→equality　real→reality　major→majority,\s\do4(　,))Ｂ Ⅲ.短语互译 1．观点；看法 point_of_view 2．在……方面有困难 have_trouble_with 3．适应；习惯 get_used_to 4．把……与……相比 compare_...with_... 5．依靠；取决于 depend_on 6．bridge the gap between 弥合……之间的差距 7．be close to 接近；与……关系密切 8．be senior to 比……年长/职位高 9．keep ...in one's head 记住…… 10．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，(就)越…… 教材原句：It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 翻译：这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言越了解，我的大脑就越发达。 2．句型：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构 教材原句：My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. 翻译：我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。 Ⅰ.文本理解 ►语篇特征 The text is a blog_about_English_study． ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．What's the problem of Liu Wen？ (　　) A．He can't get high marks all the time. B．He can't get the main idea of native speakers. C.He has been having problems in listening since primary school. D.He doesn't listen to English radio programmes. 2．What can we learn from the words of Jia Xin？ (　　) A.He seldom watches videos with English speakers. B．He used to get high marks in English. C．He finds it hard to figure out how to be polite while speaking English. D.He believes that what words to use while speaking English depends on who you're talking to. 3．Which of the following might Li Rui agree with？ (　　) A．We can't just say like “Close the door” to anyone. B．You must make your request or demand when talking to your parents. C．It's difficult to keep a large number of words in mind quickly. D.Remembering the usage of words isn't as important as remembering the words themselves. 答案：1～3 BCC ►难句突破 1．Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. 分析：此句为主从复合句。how fast native speakers talk为宾语从句；Listening to English radio programmes为动词­ing形式短语作主语。 翻译：收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。 2．If I'm talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 分析：our relationship is close and we're equals和I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us为so连接的两个并列分句，在第一个分句中and又连接了两个并列分句；If I'm talking to a close friend为条件状语从句。 翻译：如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们的关系密切，身份平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 ►课文语法填空 In the blog about English study，three students express 1.their(they) biggest problems with learning English.Liu Wen used to 2.get(get) high marks in English，but now he is having much trouble 3.with his listening.Jia Xin says that 4.listening(listen) to English radio programmes helps him get used to how fast native speakers talk，but how to make requests politely in English 5.is (be) Jia Xin's biggest problem.As for this，Li Rui thinks it depends 6.on who we're talking to.If we are talking to a close friend，we can use short requests，but if we're talking to someone 7.who isn't very close to or is senior to us，we must make our requests 8.longer (long).For Li Rui，vocabulary is her biggest problem and she can't remember how to use words 9.properly(proper).Can you give her some 10.advice(advise)？ Ⅱ.原文释译 Learning English Wang Le Hey，everybody，what are your biggest problems with learning English? Liu Wen Hi! I've been studying English since primary school.I used to get high marks in English，but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video，I can catch only a few words.I can never quite get the main idea.Any advice? Jia Xin Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.❶I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. ❷Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host's! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.It's so much easier to just say “Open the window！”，but in English that can sound really terrible.I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say，“Open the window，please！” or “Could you open the window，please？” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window，please？” Li Rui Yeah，that's really hard! I think it all depends on who you're talking to. If I'm talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand, e．g.，“Could you open the window，please？” If I'm talking to someone senior to me，then I should say，“Would you mind opening the window，please？” For me，vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words！I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head，and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly.HELP! 参考译文 学习英语 王乐 嗨，大家好，请问你们在学习英语时遇到的最大问题是什么？ 刘文 你好！我从小学就一直在学英语。以前我的英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。我听视频中母语是英语的人说话时，只能听懂几个单词。我从来没能完全弄懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 佳欣 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述听到的内容，以此来培养语感。有时候，我甚至还给自己录音，这样我就可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。只说“打开窗户！”很容易，可是在英语里，这样说听起来很糟糕。我得考虑我在跟谁说话，然后再决定是说“请打开窗户！”还是“请你打开窗户，好吗？”或者说句更长的“请问，您介意打开窗户吗？” 李瑞 是啊，这真的很难！我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们的关系密切，身份平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗？”如果我是在跟一个辈分或职位比我高的人说话，那么我得说：“请问，您是否介意打开窗户呢？”对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。帮帮我吧！ ◆精学表达 Ⅰ.文本特征 1．从文章版式和内容(第一部分以Wang Le提出问题“Hey，everybody，what are your biggest problems with learning English？”引出话题；随后Liu Wen、Jia Xin和Li Rui进行了回复，并各有侧重地提出了听母语人士讲英语、得体地使用英语、记忆单词等三方面的困难)可以看出，这是一篇讨论英语学习的博客。 2．第三和第四部分的网络跟帖分别针对上一问题提出了建议，并叙述了自己的问题。语言简洁，用词灵活，个性化强，这也是网络博客这种非正式文体的典型特点。 Ⅱ.语言特色 1．语言描写 ①Open the window! ②Open the window，please! ③Could you open the window，please? ④Would you mind opening the window，please? 以上都可用于征求对方的意见，但是需要根据交流对象的身份采用合适的表达，从而达到预期效果。 2．多变表达 Jia Xin在描述自己练习英语听力的做法时，句❶和句❷分别用了不定式短语(to help myself to experience the feeling of the language) 和so (that)从句来表达目的。语言表达丰富达意。 3．逻辑衔接 最后一段运用多个if条件状语从句对个人发出请求时的做法进行了说明，层次清晰，表意详尽；还运用But、e.g.等细节性的衔接词，使语意重点突出、清楚具体；随后用For me过渡到自己面临的困难。整个段落衔接自然。 ◆续写积累 1．感受描写——系动词＋状态词 It's so much easier to just say “Open the window！”，but in English that can sound really terrible. [仿写]完成句子 “每样东西都很好吃。”妈妈微笑着表示赞赏。 “Everything_tastes_so_good，” Mom smiled，showing her appreciation. 2．事物功能描写(help/motivate/encourage/inspire ...) Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. [仿写]完成句子 她不明白我怎么能边听音乐边学习，但音乐能帮助我集中精力学习。 She can't understand how I can work with music on，but music_helps_me_focus_on_my_ studies． 1 struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 When I started studying German，it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。 [要点突破] ①struggle for ...为……而斗争 ②struggle against ...与……斗争 ③struggle with ...与……斗争 ④struggle to do sth.努力/挣扎着做某事 ⑤struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)During my first visit to Italy，I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. 我第一次去意大利时，问路或在餐馆里点菜都很吃力。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义替换 ①This was the first time I struggled to_learn(learn) a song，because my voice cracked(破音) as I switched to a head voice. ②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals. ③I struggled with/against the word puzzle until I was about to give up and throw it away. ④尽管她很虚弱，她还是挣扎着站了起来，继续寻求救援。 Weak as she was，she struggled_to_her_feet，continuing searching for rescue. ⑤We have to fight against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad. Struggle 2 have trouble with sth.在……方面有麻烦 I used to get high marks in English，but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. 以前我的英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。 [要点突破] ①have difficulty/problems with sth.在……方面有困难 ②have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ③have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事毫不费力 [写作佳句] I'm sorry to hear that you have difficulty in getting a good sleep recently because of heavy study pressure. 听说你最近因为学习压力太大而睡不好觉，我很难过。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Not having got enough hands，we had great trouble carrying (carry) out the task. ②Whenever we have trouble with our studies，teachers help us out patiently. ③We all know the trouble the people in the area had facing (face) the flood. ④当你在学习上有困难时，向老师和同学寻求帮助是明智的。 It's advisable to turn to your teachers and classmates for help when_you_have_difficulty_with _your_study． ⑤在我妈妈看来，如果我没有把大部分时间都花在学习上，我将很难进入我梦想的大学。 In my mother's opinion，if I hadn't spent the majority of my time on my study，I would have_difficulty_in_entering_my_dream_university． 3 equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的 v．与……相等；比得上；敌得过 If I'm talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们的关系密切，身份平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 [要点突破] ①be equal to (doing) sth.等于；能胜任(做)某事 ②be without equal 无与伦比 ③equality n．相等；平等 ④equally adv.相等地；平等地；同样地 [写作佳句] Equally attractive are the tips on how to learn English，which is of great significance to my English study. 同样吸引人的是关于如何学习英语的技巧，这对我的英语学习有重要的意义。 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达： ①be fit for　②be up to　③be qualified for [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换/同义替换 ①We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations，big or small. ②(2022·全国乙卷)Long­lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally(equal) contact(联系) and share with one another. ③在我们班，她的英语水平是无与伦比的。 In our class，she is without_equal in English. ④From my point of view，he has no equal in music. →In my opinion，no_one_equals_him in music. ⑤Although he was young，John was fit for the important task. was_equal_to 4 demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand，e.g.，“Could you open the window，please？” 但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗？” [要点突破] ①in demand需求大；受欢迎 meet one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求 ②demand sth.of sb.向某人要求某物 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事 ③demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；费力的 [写作佳句] It's not only a physically demanding adventure but also a spiritually rewarding experience. 这不仅是一次对体力要求很高的冒险，也是一次精神上让人满足的经历。 ①demand 后面不能接 to do 作宾语补足语，即不能说demand sb.to do sth.。 ②动词 demand之后的宾语从句，以及名词demand之后的名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The robots are quite popular；they are in great demand in this city. ②As director of these courses，a great deal will be demanded of you. ③She loved helping others and found the job as a nurse demanding(demand)，but always rewarding. ④(2022·全国乙卷)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands(demand) placed on the friend who has moved. ⑤她要求他把从她那里借走的书还回来。 She demanded_that_he_return_the_books he borrowed from her. 5 relate vt.联系；讲述 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？ [要点突破] ①relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 relate sth.to sb.给某人讲述/叙述某事 ②related adj.相关的；有亲属关系的 be related to/with ...和……有关的；和……有联系的 ③relation n．关系 [写作佳句] Word came that our class is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs. 有消息说我们班级要开一次班会，主题是与中国传统习俗相关。 relation更抽象一些，侧重事物间的关系；relationship更富有感情色彩，侧重个人关系或友谊。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·全国甲卷)One day，he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations (relation). ②I would appreciate it if you could send me some related(relate) materials about the project. ③During my graduation internship(实习期)，I sometimes helped out with tasks that didn't directly relate to my work. ④那天晚上，她用一种平静、悲伤而严肃的语气讲述了瓦尼的遭遇。 That night，she related_what_had_happened_to Wani in a quiet，sad and serious tone. ⑤课前，你可以读一些与唐朝历史相关的书，以便更好地欣赏诗歌。 Before class，you can read some_books_(that_are)_related_to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 1 the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，(就)越…… It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言越了解，我的大脑就越发达。 [情境探究] ①(2024·北京卷)And the more tools we have，the more effective and insightful we can become. 而且我们掌握的工具越多，就能变得越高效、越有洞察力。 ②The more you talk to the children，the less they will listen. 你跟孩子们说得越多，他们听得就越少。 ③That's why tea is becoming more and more popular with people. 这就是茶越来越受人们欢迎的原因。 [要点突破] ①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，(就)越……”。主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示后者随前者程度的变化而变化。 ②“the more ...，the less ...”意为“越……，就越不……”。 ③“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 该句型中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句(通常用一般现在时或一般过去时；表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句(通常使用一般将来时或过去将来时，有时也可用一般现在时或一般过去时)。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The more you get in touch with others，the better (well) they will know you. ②The problem is becoming more and more serious and it's time for us to do something to change the situation. ③The more friends they have，the more colorful their life will_be (be). ④这是真的。我的年龄越大，越感觉时间过得快。 It's true.The_older_I_get，the more I feel time has wings. ⑤我取得的进步越大，我遇到的问题就越少。 The more progress I make，the_fewer_problems_I'll_meet． 2 “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构 My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. 我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。 [情境探究] ①(2022·浙江1月卷)Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends，family，work，play，etc. 许多人为如何在朋友、家人、工作、娱乐等方面分配时间而发愁。 ②We are discussing where to go first after arriving in Kunming. 我们正在讨论到昆明后先去哪里。 ③The most important tip for being a good guest is to know when to say goodbye. 要成为一个受欢迎的客人，最重要的秘诀是知道什么时候说再见。 [要点突破] ①疑问代词who、what、which等和疑问副词when、where、how等后面跟动词不定式，此结构可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。 ②此结构作主语时常后置，用it作形式主语。 当“疑问词＋动词不定式”用作动词的宾语时，其逻辑主语须与主句的主语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①When Spot and Stripe were four months old，they were learning how to_open(open) doors and jump fences，and we knew it really was time for them to go. ②The drone(无人机) can know when to_bring(bring) a cup of coffee by studying a person's personal information. ③所以，关于我在北京逗留期间去哪里、做什么，我需要你的建议。 So I need your advice on where_to_go_and_what_to_do during my stay in Beijing. ④有那么一会儿，我只是站在那里，感到困惑，拿着那张十美元的钞票，不知道买什么，给谁买。 For a few moments I just stood there，confused，holding that ten­dollar bill，wondering what_to_buy_and_who_to_buy_it_for． ⑤He began to think about what he should do next. →He began to think about what_to_do_next． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$