UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS (单元主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害) Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 栏 目 索 引 自主落实·掌握语言知识 熟读精思·研读文本精华 互动探究·精研核心知识 Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．________ n．灾难；灾害 2．_______ n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风 3．_______ n．旱灾；久旱 4．_________ n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5．_____ vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动 6．_______ n．海啸 7．_____ n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没 自主落实·掌握语言知识 disaster tornado drought landslide slide tsunami flood UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 8．_________ n．震级；重大 9．______ n．& vt.营救；救援 10．______ vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 11．_______ vt.摧毁；毁灭 12．________ vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 13．__________ n．直升机 14．_______ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险) magnitude rescue damage destroy evacuate helicopter shelter UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 15．_____ n．裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.(使)破裂 16．____ n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 17．_______ n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 18．_____ n．砖；砖块 19．_____ n．金属 20．____ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 crack ruin percent brick metal trap UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 21．____ vt.埋葬；安葬 22．______ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 23．_____ vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体 24．_______ n．上下文；语境；背景 bury effort unify context UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．die v．死；死亡→_____ n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的；失去生命的→deadly adj.致命的 2．______ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n．感情；喜爱 3．_____ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使) 震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 4．electric adj.用电的；电动的→________ n．电；电能→electrical adj.与电有关的 death affect shock electricity UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 5．______ n．呼吸→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 6．______ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏 7．wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的→________ n．智慧；才智 8．______ vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 →suffering n．折磨；苦难 9．_____ vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等) 喷出→eruption n．喷发；(战争、怒气等的)爆发 10．_____ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.有权势的；强有力的→powerless adj.无权的；无影响力的 breath revive wisdom suffer erupt power UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅲ.短语互译 1．至少 ______________ 2．像往常一样 ________ 3．似乎；好像；仿佛 _____ 4．严重受损；破败不堪 ________ 5．刮走；吹走 _________ 6．震惊；吃惊 ________ at (the) least as usual as if in ruins blow away in shock UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 7．in the countryside _______ 8．nothing but ________________ 9．come to an end _____ 10．cause/do damage __________ 11．get back up on one's feet ______________ 在农村 只有；只；仅仅 结束 造成损害 重新振作起来 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：as if引导表语从句 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 翻译：_____________________ ！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 2．句型：“主语＋系动词＋表语＋to do”结构 教材原句：Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 翻译：___________________________________ 大部分桥梁要么坍塌，要么成了危桥。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 熟读精思·研读文本精华 Ⅰ.原文释译 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern Hebei.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.There were deep cracks② ❶that appeared in the well walls．At least③ one well had some smelly gas ❷coming out of it．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to④ eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ran out of⑤ the fields ❸looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a.m.，on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city's one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❶that引导的定语从句修饰cracks，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 ❷coming out of it是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。 ❸looking for places to hide是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 At 3：42 a．m.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across⑪ houses，roads，and waterways⑫.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than⑬ one minute，a large city lay in ruins⑭.Two thirds of the people ❹who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of⑮ children were left without parents.The number of⑯ people ❺who were killed or badly⑰ injured in the quake was more than 400，000. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❹和❺中的who均引导定语从句，先行词是people，who在从句中作主语。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❻Everywhere survivors⑱ looked，there was nothing but⑲ ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent⑳ of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone㉑.Bricks㉒ covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away㉓.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks㉔ were now useless pieces of metal㉕.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 water.People were in shock㉖—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity㉗ were hard to get.People began to wonder ❼how long the disaster would last． UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❻Everywhere引导地点状语从句。 ❼how long引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉘ those who were trapped㉙ and to bury㉚ the dead㉛.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉜.Workers built shelters for survivors ❽whose homes had been destroyed．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe㉝ again. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❽whose为关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Tangshan started to revive㉞ itself and get back up on its feet㉟.With strong support㊱ from the government and the tireless efforts㊲ of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world ❾that in times of㊳ disaster，people must unify㊴ and show the wisdom㊵ to stay positive㊶ and rebuild for a brighter future． UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ❾that引导宾语从句，作has proved的宾语。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ◆难词注解 ①in the countryside在农村 ②crack n．裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.(使)破裂 ③at (the) least 至少 at (the) most 至多；不超过 ④too ...to ...太……而不能…… ⑤run out of 从……跑出来；用完 ⑥as usual 像往常一样 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 ⑧come to an end 结束 ⑨deadly adj.致命的 ⑩cause damage 造成损失/损害 cause/do damage to ...对……造成损害 cut across 横穿；抄近路穿过 waterway n．水路；航道 less than 少于 more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的 the number of ...……的数量 badly adv.非常；严重地 survivor n．幸存者；生还者 nothing but只有；仅仅 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 ㉑gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 ㉒brick n．砖；砖块 ㉓blow away 刮走；吹走 ㉔track n．轨道；跑道 keep track of ...与……保持联系 ㉕metal n．金属 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ㉖shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 ㉗electricity n．电；电能 ㉘dig out 挖掘出 ㉙trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱 ㉚bury vt.埋葬；安葬 ㉛the dead死者；逝者(“the＋adj.”表示一类人) UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ㉜medical care 医疗护理 ㉝breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 ㉞revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒 ㉟get back up on one's feet 重新振作起来 ㊱support n．支持；援助 ㊲effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ㊳in times of 在……的时候 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ㊴unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体 ㊵wisdom n．智慧；才智 ㊶positive adj.积极乐观的；自信的 stay positive 保持乐观 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 参考译文 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的乡村怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，不止一口水井冒出难闻的气味。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跃出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一已经爆发，这场地震甚至对远在150多千米外的北京都造成了破坏，全国近三分之一的地方均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水道。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。不到一分钟，一座大城市便沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，成千上万的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人超过了40万。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大部分桥梁要么坍塌，要么成了危桥；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万分，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次大地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们不知道这场灾难还会持续多久。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中矗立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，发生自然灾害时，人类必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态，用智慧重建更光明的未来。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The passage is mainly about _____________________________． a terrible earthquake in Tangshan UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ►文章架构 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ►主旨匹配 (　　)Para.1　A．The revival of the city. (　　)Para.2　B．The immediate effects of the earthquake. (　　)Para.3　C．The rescue work. (　　)Para.4　D．The occurrence of the earthquake. (　　)Para.5　E．Warning signs before the earthquake. 答案：Para.1～Para.5 EDBCA UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ►细节探究 1．What's the writing style of the text？(　　) A．Narration.　　　　　　 B．Description. C．Argumentation. D．Literary journalism. 2．How did the author write the details of the damage？(　　) A．In space order. B．In time order. C．By examples with data. D．By making contrasts. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 3．What does the sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” in Paragraph 4 mean？ (　　) A．The city returned to normal gradually. B．Most of the 10，000 miners were rescued. C.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. D．The army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 4．What has Tangshan city proved to China and the rest of the world？ (　　) A．In times of disaster，people must not go to sleep so early. B．In times of disaster，people must begin to breathe again quickly. C．In times of disaster，people must try their best to stay awake during the night. D．In times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 答案：1～4 DCAD UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ►课文语法填空 Many strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks.Some 1.______(smell) gas came out of wells.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.At 3：42 on the morning of July 28，1976，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to 2.__ end.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，the large city lay in 3._____(ruin).Two thirds of the people died or 4.____________(injure).Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.People were shocked 5.__ this and wondered smelly an ruins were injured at UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 how long the disaster would last.The army organized rescue team to dig out those 6.___ were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 7._________(survive).Fresh water and food were brought into the city.Slowly，the city began 8.__________(breathe) again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.Tangshan city 9.__________(prove) that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the 10.______(wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. who survivors to breathe has proved wisdom UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．well ①There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. ___ ②Is she well enough to travel？ ______ ③The conference was very well organized. _____________ 井 健康的 令人满意地 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 2．hard ①Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. _______ ②(2022·全国甲卷改编)It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here. _______ ③I like my school and the studying environment very much，and I will make the most of the time to work hard here. _______ 坚硬的 困难的 努力地 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 3．bright ①At about 3：00 a．m.，on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. ________ ②Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. __________ ③His face was bright with excitement. _________________ 明亮的 有希望的 欢快的，有活力的 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 Ⅳ.教材续写积累 1．环境描写——适当的动词结合适当的修辞手法 Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away. 砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [仿写]完成句子 雪下了一夜。早上，眼前所有的东西都穿着厚厚的积雪织成的白色毛衣。 __________________________，and in the morning all the things in sight ____________________________________． It had been snowing overnight wore white sweaters made with thick snow UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 2．动作描写——根据主语和语境选用适当的动词 Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water. 老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跃出水面。 [仿写]完成句子 就在那时，他跳下床，跑进了浴室。 Just at that time，he __________________________ the bathroom. jumped out of bed and ran into UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 1 flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 互动探究·精研核心知识 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] 写出flood在下列句子中的词性和含义 ①Heavy rainfalls flooded the crops. _______ ②(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear. ___________ ③A flood had hit the area earlier that year. _______ vt.淹没 vi.大量涌入 n.洪水 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①a flood of＝floods of 大量的，大批的 ②flood in/into涌入；涌上 be flooded with充满 flood over sb./flood back涌上某人心头 [写作佳句] I felt happiness and relief flooding over me. 幸福和宽慰涌上了我的心头。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/词汇升级 ①Her eyes were _______(flood) with tears. ②After he heard the good news，a sense of joy and happiness flooded ____ him. ③Memories of her childhood came flooding __． ④I received a lot of letters this morning. __________________ flooded over in a flood of/floods of UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 2 rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 救援人员和士兵们正在洪灾地区做什么？ UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①rescue sb./sth.from ...从……中救出某人/某物 ②come to one's rescue＝come to the rescue of sb.营救/救援某人；为某人解围 ③rescuer＝rescue worker救援人员 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying，devoting myself to my work. 将来，我要做一名救死扶伤的好医生，全身心投入我的工作。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The real friend is the one who comes __ the rescue in your hour of need. ②He rescued a boy ____ the river，so he deserved the respect of all the villagers. ③I stepped aside while ________(rescue) began their work. ④Fortunately，he ___________(rescue) from the burning building. to from rescuers was rescued UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ⑤他抓住一根树枝，直到我们救了他。 He held on to a branch until we __________________． came to his rescue UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 3 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 82 killed，500，000 affected 82人死亡，50 万人受到影响 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①be greatly/deeply affected by ...被……深深打动；深受……影响 be affected with ...患有……疾病 ②effect n．效应；结果；影响 have an effect on ...对……产生影响 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it. 人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只想读一本关于这个话题的书，那么就是它了。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①As a result，I fell ill easily and that greatly ________(affect) my study and life. ②(2022·浙江1月卷)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life ____________(affect). ③The eating habits have an effect __ our health. affected was affected on UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④那个小英雄的故事深深地打动了我们所有人。 All of us ____________________ the story of the little hero. ⑤Although he had a high fever，he continued with his work. ________________ were deeply affected by was affected with UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 4 ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins. 不到一分钟，一座大城市便沦为废墟。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①lie/be in ruins成为废墟，破败不堪 leave/let ...in ruins使……成为废墟；严重受损 ②ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/某人 ruin one's health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] We're so sorry to hear that a severe typhoon hit your hometown，leaving your house in ruins. 得知一场强烈的台风侵袭了你的家乡，使你的房子严重受损，我们深感遗憾。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ruin/damage/destroy 词汇 用法 ruin “毁坏；毁掉”，常指破坏严重，不能恢复；强调使事物的价值遭到破坏 damage “损坏；损害”，常指可以修复的损坏 destroy “破坏；毁灭”，常指不可修复，彻底破坏 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ______(ruin) an entire day? ②Drunk driving not only ruined _______(he) but also killed several passers-by. ③Sauce splashed(溅) onto Jack's skirt，and it __________(ruin) completely. ruined himself was ruined UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④The whole city lay in _____(ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night. ⑤马路临海一侧的房屋全都成了废墟。 The houses on the seaward side of the road ______________． ruins were all in ruins UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 5 shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊 People were in shock—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万分，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次大地震侵袭了唐山。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①It shocks sb.that ...……使某人震惊。 ②shocked adj.(主语多为人)感到吃惊的；感到惊讶的 be shocked at ...对……感到吃惊 Sb.be shocked to do sth.＝It shocks sb.to do sth.做某事令某人震惊。 ③shocking adj.令人震惊的；惊人的；骇人的 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] Shocked to learn the terrible news，I feel upset about your sufferings. 得知这个可怕的消息我感到震惊，我对你的遭遇感到难过。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 shock作名词，意为“令人震惊的人或事”时，可用作可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①It was quite _ shock to see my face on that screen! ②We were shocked ______(see) smoke pouring out of the roof. ③After the ________ news spread throughout the whole city，everyone felt _______．(shock) ④Shocked __ what he saw，he realized a big rainstorm had just ended. a to see shocking shocked at UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ⑤如今他以写作为生，这真是令我震惊！ _______________ he now writes for a living！ It shocks me that UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 6 bury vt.埋葬；安葬 Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①bury one's head/face in one's hands用手抱头/掩面 ②bury oneself in (doing) sth.＝be buried in(doing) sth.埋头于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 ③be buried in thought陷入沉思 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] He buried his head in his hands，sobbing. 他双手抱头，抽泣着。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有： ①concentrate on ②focus on ③be lost in ④be absorbed in (doing) ... ⑤devote oneself to (doing) ... UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①Our dog often ______(bury) bones in the garden. ②Her head __________(bury) in the book while she was reading. ③在他们的共同努力下，那个被埋在倒塌的建筑物下的人得救了。 With their joint efforts，the man _________________________________ ________ was saved. buries was buried (who/that was) buried under the fallen building UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④In the evenings he buried himself in his books. →In the evenings he _____________ his books. ⑤Hearing this，Paul was in deep disappointment. →Hearing this，Paul _____________ disappointment. was buried in was buried in UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 7 effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中矗立起来。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①make an effort/efforts to do sth.努力做某事 make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 ②with effort努力地 without effort毫不费力地；容易地 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] I spare no effort to study，hoping that I'll become a university student in the near future. 我不遗余力地学习，希望在不久的将来我能成为一名大学生。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有： ①do/try one's best to do sth. ②do all/everything in one's power to do sth. ③do what sb.can to do sth. UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·全国甲卷)With the efforts ______(make) by all sides，we began to understand each other better. ②Food safety is very important，so the government spares no effort __________(prevent) food pollution. ③To begin with，I will make every effort _______(take) good care of my family，especially my aged grandfather. made to prevent to take UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Make joint(共同的)_______(effort) to keep it under control. ⑤那个强壮的年轻人毫不费力地把石块搬开了。 The strong young man removed the rock ______________． efforts without effort UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 8 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 Some were found alive，though they were suffering from terrible injuries ... 有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们受了重伤…… UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage/loss/hunger遭受痛苦/失败/苦难/破坏/损失/饥饿 suffer from ...受……折磨；患……病 ②suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；苦难 ③sufferer n．患者；受难者 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. 20年前，他深受背部疼痛的折磨，因此对替代疗法产生了兴趣。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 suffering指“疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难”时是抽象名词，不可数；指“痛苦；苦恼”等复杂感受时常用复数。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The old man is said to have gone through varieties of __________(suffer) during the war. ②Oliver Twist，an orphan，suffered ____ cold and hunger in a workhouse. ③Needless to say, I ________(suffer) a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived. sufferings from suffered UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④七月，一场特大洪水侵袭了我省，使我省遭受了巨大的损失。 In July，our province was hit by a huge flood which made our province ________________． ⑤我写信是为了向那些在我们遭受灾难时帮助我们的人表达我的感谢。 I'm writing to express my thanks to those who helped us when _____________________． suffer great losses we suffered the disaster UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 1 as if引导表语从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] ①Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if/as though it's going to rain. 乌云密布。看起来好像要下雨了。 ②It sounds as if/as though you had a good time. 听起来你好像玩得很开心。 ③I remember the whole thing as if/as though it happened yesterday. 我记得整件事情，就好像它发生在昨天一样。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①as if/as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句，常放在be、look、seem、sound、smell、feel等系动词之后。 ②as if/as though也可引导方式状语从句。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 (1)as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。 ①表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”(had done)； ③表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might do。 (2)当as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He stared at me as if ______(see) me for the first time. ②Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there. ③他看着我，好像我不存在似的。 (2022·浙江1月卷)He looked at me ______________________． ④好像发生了什么不愉快的事。 _____________ something unpleasant had happened. seeing had been as though I weren't there It seemed as if UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 2 “主语＋系动词＋表语＋to do”结构 Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大部分桥梁要么坍塌，要么成了危桥。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [情境探究] ①He is very easy to get along with.＝It is very easy to get along with him. 他很容易相处。 ②The book is very interesting to read.＝It is very interesting to read the book. 这本书读起来很有趣。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [要点突破] ①在“主语＋系动词＋表语＋动词不定式”结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常用的性质形容词有easy、hard、difficult、safe、interesting、heavy、light、pleasant、good、nice、comfortable、dangerous、impossible等。 ②此句型可转换成“It＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式．”结构。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ①在该结构中，当不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的被动关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。 ②当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 [学以致用] 单句填空/句型转换 ①(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)If that's hard _____________(understand)，let's keep it as simple as the arugula(芝麻菜) at the back of my refrigerator. ②The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the new cellphone more comfortable _______(hold). ③__ is quite dangerous to drink the polluted water in this well. to understand to hold It UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 ④The noise outside is hard to put up ____． ⑤I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe. →I like getting up very early in summer.It is so good __________________ _____． with to breathe the morning air UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 高中英语　必修　第一册　R 返回导航 课时梯级训练(十七) 谢 谢 $$