Unit 4 Information Technology（知识清单）英语北师大版2019必修第二册

Unit 4 Information Technology 一、词汇清单 单词 1．impact n. 影响；作用 2．personality n. 个性，性格 3．alarm n. 闹钟 4．image n. 图像；形象 5．sex/gender n. 性别 6．blog n. 博客；网络日志vt. 发表博客 7．hairstyle n.发型，发式 8．nowadays adv. 现今，现时 9．virtual adj. 虚拟的；模拟的 10．latest adj.最新的；最近的 11．account n. 账户 12．software n.计算机软件 13．device n. 设置，装置 14．ensure vt. 确保，保证 15．material n. 材料；素材 16．button n.按钮 17．goods n.商品 18．favour n. 恩惠；善意的行为 19．error n. 错误；失误 20．replace vt.取代；接替 21．hug n．&vt. 拥抱；紧抱 22．content n. 内容 23．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 24．percent n. 百分比；百分数 25．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 26．focus vi. 给予某物关注n. 焦点 27．maintain vt. 保持；维持 28．smartphone n.智能手机 29．tablet n.平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 30．authority n.权威人士；专家 31．fantasy n.幻想作品 32．series n. 系列 33．author n. 作者，作家 34．policy n.政策，方针 短语 1. be addicted to 沉迷于 2. a variety of 各种各样的 3. look forward to 期待，期盼 4. set up 建立，创建 5. instead of 代替；而不是 6. be concerned with 关心…… 7. in addition 除此之外 8. focus on关注 9. point out指出 10. in the field of在……领域 11. more or less或多或少；大概 12. on the basis of在……的基础上 13. stay in touch with和……保持联系 14. be/become obsessed with痴迷于…… 熟词生义 alarm．1.n.警报，警报器　2. n.恐慌　3．vt.使惊恐，使害怕 fancy. 1．adj.花哨的　2．vt.想要，想做　3．vt.想象　4．n.想象(力)，想象的事物 句型 1.so...that...句型 Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 2．while引导让步状语从句 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 3．it作形式宾语 According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 4．强调句型 It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 5．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 语法 1. 过去将来时 2. 合成构词法 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 enable vt.使可能，使发生 【教材原句】Technology really enables people to communicate better with each other.科技真的能使人们更好的沟通交流。（教材p100） 【拓展】 (1)enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 (2)be able to do sth 能够做某事，有能 力做某事 (3)have an ability to do sth 有做某事的能力　　 【写作佳句】The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.这个位置使我们能够以日落为背景俯瞰湖面。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①The new technology enables the company's products to have (have) greater price advantages over its rivals. ②With the right tools and knowledge，she was able to fix (fix) her car engine on her own. ③(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability (able) to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 补全句子 ④(2021·天津卷)语音识别使他们能够理解一个人在说什么，而自然语言处理则用于做出回应。 Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying，and natural language processing is used to work out a response. 知识点2 concern n．担忧，忧虑；vt.与……有关；使担心 【教材原句】The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns.虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。（教材p8） 【拓展】 (1)show/express one's concern about/for... 对……表示关心 (2)be concerned about/for... 担心…… be concerned with... 关心……；与……有关 as far as I'm concerned 就我而言，依我看　　 【写作佳句】From your letter, I’ve known that you are concerned about/for Chinese table manners.从你的来信中,我知道你担心中国的餐桌礼仪。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①You should not ask the questions which are concerned with personal problems. ②A number of parents have showed concern about/for their children's safety. ③He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company. 补全句子 ④依我看，中国的传统节日，如春节和中秋节，不仅是庆祝活动，也是纪念祖先和弘扬文化传统的机会。 As far as I'm concerned，traditional Chinese festivals，like the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival，are not only celebrations but also opportunities to honor ancestors and carry forward cultural traditions. 知识点3 view vt.看，把……视为 n.视力,视野;风景,景色;看法,想法,观点 【教材原句】However, other users view avatars in a more positive light.然而，其他用户则以更积极的眼光看待虚拟形象。（教材p9） 【拓展】 (1)in view of 鉴于，考虑到 in sb's view 在某人看来，某人认为 come into view 呈现眼前；进入眼帘 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 hold different views持不同的观点 from the point of view of从……的观点/角度来看 (2)view...as... 视……为……　　 【写作佳句】The three-hour music festival will begin at 9:00 am and you’d better come earlier for a good seat so that you can enjoy a better view. 三小时的音乐节将于上午九点开始,你最好早点来,找个好座位,以便你能欣赏到更好的风景。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①In my view，traveling is the best way to broaden one's horizons and gain new perspectives. ②As we turned the corner，a beautiful garden with blooming flowers came into view. ③The latest art exhibits are on view at the museum until the end of the month. ④In many cultures，the color red is viewed as a symbol of luck and good fortune. 补全句子 ⑤鉴于劳动对学生的许多好处，我建议我们应该定期参加广泛的劳动，以便我们能够变得全面。 In view of many benefits of labor to students，I suggest that we should regularly take part in a wide range of labor so that we can become well-rounded. 知识点4 favour n．恩惠；善意的行为 【教材原句】Can you do me a favor and find out what’s going on?你能帮我查一下怎那么回事吗？（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人忙 (2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利　　 【写作佳句】Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和挑战往往青睐那些有准备的人。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①I voted in favour of the new school policy because I believe it will benefit students in the long run. ②As for my favourite (favour) figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. ③He tried his best to make a favourable (favour) impression on her parents. ④The weather conditions during the race were in our favour，allowing us to set a new record time. 补全句子 ⑤我写信真诚地请求您能在根据教科书改编剧本方面给予帮助。 I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favour/ask a favour of you regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook. [链接写作]　一句多译 大多数人都支持我去参观长城的提议。 ④　Most people are in favour of my proposal　 that we’ll visit the Great Wall.(favour n.)  ⑤　Most people are for my proposal 　 that we should visit the Great Wall.(for)  ⑥　Most people agree with my proposal 　 that we should visit the Great Wall.(agree)  ⑦ Most people are in support of my proposal that we should visit the Great Wall.(support n.)  知识点5 confirm vt.确认;证实 【教材原句】If you could just confirm your name, please? 请你再确认一下你的信息，谢谢？（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)confirm that...确认…… it is/has been confirmed that...已经确定…… confirm sb in one’s belief that...使某人更加坚定…… (2)confirmation n.证实,确认书 confirmable adj.可证实的 confirmed adj.习惯的,根深蒂固的,得到确认的　　 【写作佳句】The expression on his face confirmed me in my belief that he must have had an excellent performance in the final.他脸上的表情让我更加坚信他在决赛中一定表现十分出色。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①It has been confirmed that the lost baby has been found.  ②The survey collects large quantities of confirmed (confirm) data,proving the influence the behaviour has on a teenager’s growth.  ③Many people have claimed to have seen the alien which is not confirmable (confirm).  补全句子 ④交作业前,我们数学老师总是提醒我们确认所有答案都是正确的。 Before handing in our work,our maths teacher always reminds us to confirm that all the answers are correct.  知识点6 harm vt.&n.伤害，损害 【教材原句】While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网能让人们更加亲近，但它也可能会损害友谊。（教材p14） 【拓展】 (1)do...harm/do harm to... 对……有害 do no/great/much/a lot of harm to对……无害/有很大害处 mean no harm无恶意 do more good than harm利大于弊 do more harm than good弊大于利 there is no harm in (one’s) doing sth (某人)做某事无妨/无害 (2)harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 be harmful to=do harm to对……有害　　　 【写作佳句】If you want to consult the expert,there is no harm in emailing him.如果你想咨询那位专家,你不妨给他发邮件。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①(2021·北京卷)Some experts say that music can be harmful (harm) if it is too loud. ②There is no harm in saying (say) sorry to your friend first if you two have quarreled. ③Excessive exposure to sunlight can do harm to your skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. 补全句子 ④我告诉他塑料对环境会多么危害，并要求他考虑使用更多环保的选择。 (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how harmful plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 知识点7 content n．内容 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的 【教材原句】In addition, a lot of content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.此外，社交媒体上发布的许多内容都很肤浅或琐碎的。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地 (2)content oneself with sth 满足于……；对……感到满意 (3)be content with sth 对某事满意/满足 be content to do sth 满足于做某事；乐意做某事　　　　 【写作佳句】Poor as the old couple are,they are content to live in the peaceful mountains.尽管贫穷,那对老夫妇仍愿意生活在宁静的山里。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①My parents are content to live (live) in the country，where the air is fresh and clean. ②We should never content ourselves with the knowledge learned from the books. ③She is not content with her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it. ④She had a contented (content) life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life. 补全句子 ⑤在露营地，我们围着篝火尽情地唱歌跳舞，完全沉浸在欢乐的气氛中。 At the campsite，we sang and danced to our heart's content around bonfires，fully immersing ourselves in the joyful atmosphere. 知识点8 deliver vi.&vt.递送；传送 【教材原句】Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week.嗯，史密斯女士，根据我的记录，您的订单上周已经送达了。（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)deliver...to... 把……递送给…… (2)deliver v. 接生；分娩，生(小孩儿) deliver a baby 接生婴儿 be delivered of a baby 分娩，生孩子 (3)deliver a letter/message/news/lecture/speech 投递信件/传递消息/播送新闻/做讲座/发表讲话　　　　 【写作佳句】In order to deliver a clear presentation,I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.为了发表清晰的展示,我详细解释了传统的制茶步骤。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Will you take the goods with you or shall we deliver them to your house? ②To her husband's joy，she was delivered of a healthy baby in the hospital last night. ③(2020·天津卷)Once the book you've requested is delivered (deliver) to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up. ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering (deliver) food in Bernardsville，New Jersey. ⑤The pizza restaurant is known for its fast and reliable delivery (deliver) service，ensuring hot and fresh pizzas at your doorstep. 补全句子 ⑥心脏怦怦直跳，他走上舞台，开始发表他的讲话。 With a pounding heart，he stepped onto the stage and began to deliver his speech． 知识点9 argument n．论点；论据 【教材原句】Identify one sentence for each argument that states this general idea.为每个论点找出一个能阐述其总体观点的句子。（教材p14） 【拓展】 (1)It is beyond argument that... 无可争辩的是……，毋庸置疑…… (2)argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 argue for... 支持……，赞同…… argue against... 反驳……；否认……　　 【写作佳句】A strong argument in an English essay should be supported by relevant evidence and clear reasoning.英语作文中有力的论点需要有相关证据和清晰的推理来支撑。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion. ②The local people strongly argued against the construction of a new chemical factory，emphasizing the environmental damage it would cause. ③We need to provide a convincing argument (argue) as to why the system should be changed. ④(2021·北京卷)The mental health benefits from music can't be argued (argue). 补全句子 ⑤毋庸置疑，锻炼和均衡饮食对于保持良好的健康至关重要。 It is beyond argument that exercise and a balanced diet are key to maintaining good health. 知识点10 focus on 关注;集中(光束)于,聚集于 【教材原句】In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication.在我看来，朋友们应该更注重面对面交流，而减少线上交流。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)focus on/upon sth/sb集中注意力于某物/某人 focus one’s attention/eyes on注意力/眼神集中于 (2)come into focus轮廓明显,清晰;(问题)突出 bring...into focus使集中在焦点上;使清楚起来/明朗化 【写作佳句】Don’t bother about those trifles.You should focus on your study.不要为那些琐事费心。你应该专注于你的学习。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on/upon the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.  ②(天津卷)There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food.  ③(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.  句式升级 ④Susan focused her energy on her research,so she spared no time to gather with her friends. →　With her energy focused on her research, Susan spared no time to gather with her friends.(用with复合结构改写)  知识点11 addition n．增添；添加 【教材原句】In addition, a lot of content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.此外，社交媒体上发布的许多内容都很肤浅或琐碎的。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)in addition to＝as well as/besides 除……之外(还) (2)in addition 另外，除此之外(在句中作状语)　 (3)additional adj.另外的,附加的 additionally adv.另外,同时;附加地 【写作佳句】In addition,considering you are busy on weekdays,would it be convenient for you if we meet on Saturday afternoon in the lecture hall?另外,考虑到你工作日很忙,我们周六下午在报告厅见面是否方便? 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① In addition to her full-time job，Sarah volunteers at a local animal shelter on the weekends. ②Bicycling is good for your health；in addition，it does not pollute the air. ③The team worked late into the night to complete the project，putting in additional (addition) hours to ensure its success. 补全句子 ④除了喜欢听音乐以外，他还喜欢看电影。 In addition to listening to music，he also likes to watch movies. 句式升级 ⑤Additionally,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful. → In addition　　,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful.(同义句转换)  三．语法清单 过去将来时 【感知·语法规律】 1.She told me she would buy a new bike the following week. 2.The teacher said the exam would be easier than we thought. 3.They were going to visit their grandparents last weekend, but it rained. 4.He thought the concert was going to start in 10 minutes 【精讲·语法知识】 1.过去将来时 (1)概念：表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算。 (2)基本结构 1.should/would + 动词原形 从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 He said they would arrange a party.他说他们要安排聚会。 He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我何时动身去巴黎。 2.was/were going to + 动词原形 强调 “过去有计划、有意图做某事”，有时也表示 “过去看来即将发生的事”。 They were going to travel to Japan last month, but they changed their mind. 他们上个月本打算去日本旅行，但改变了主意。 3.was/were about to do…when… 表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。 I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.我正要开始这时天下雨了。 4.was/were coming… go, come leave等动词过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 I didn’t know he was coming until this morning. 直到今天上午我才知道他要来。 5.was/were to do 强调计划性，“将要做某事”。 Tom wasn't worried about his head injury, but it was to be troublesome for him later.汤姆不担心他头部的伤，但是以后这损伤必将给他带来麻烦。 (3)过去将来时的使用场景 过去将来时通常出现在以下语境中： 1　 宾语从句中（主句谓语是过去时，从句表示过去的未来） He promised he would help me.他承诺过他会帮我。 （主句 “promised” 是过去时，从句 “帮我” 是当时承诺的未来动作） 2　 间接引语中（转述过去的 “将来”） 直接引语：She said, “I will come tomorrow.” 间接引语：She said she would come the next day. 直接引语中的 “will come” 在间接引语中变为 “would come”，因为 “tomorrow” 变为 “the next day”，相对于 “said” 是过去的未来 3　 描述过去的计划或预测 We were going to have a meeting, but it was canceled.我们本要开个会，但被取消了。 (4)比较would do 和 was/were going to 维度 would do was/were going to do 核心含义 单纯表示 “从过去看未来会发生的动作”，不强调 “计划” 或 “意图”。 强调 “过去有计划、有意图做某事”，或 “过去看来即将发生的事”。 是否暗示计划 不暗示，仅表示 “未来的动作”（从过去视角看）。 明确暗示 “过去已计划好”，常与 “未实现的计划” 搭配。 例句对比 He said he would go to the store.（他说他会去商店。—— 仅陈述未来动作，未提是否计划好。） He was going to go to the store, but he forgot.（他本打算去商店，但忘了。—— 强调 “计划过但没实现”。） 【经典练】　 1．Whenever we had trouble，he would come (come) to help us. 2．He said the train was leaving (leave) at six the next morning. 3. When he was to open(open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere. 4. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he was to become(become) the first black president of the United States of America. 5. I wish he would go (go) with me to the cinema tonight. 6. If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study (study) at Cambridge University. 7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he would be (be) able to speak it much better now. 8. If the captain had been more careful, his ship wouldn’t have sunk (sink). 9. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had (have) a good time together. 2.合成构词法 【感知·语法规律】 She bought a notebook to write down her ideas.（note + book → notebook 笔记本） My little sister likes to play with sunflowers in the garden.（sun + flower → sunflower 向日葵） We need a toothbrush to keep our teeth clean.（tooth + brush → toothbrush 牙刷） He wears a raincoat because it’s raining heavily.（rain + coat → raincoat 雨衣） 【精讲·语法知识】 合成词的构成方式 (1)概念：合成法是指把两个或多个单词组合在一起，形成一个新的单词，这个新单词的意思往往与原单词相关，但又有独立的含义。 (2)分类 合成词的构成灵活多样，常见的有以下几种： 1. 名词 + 名词 两个名词组合，形成新的名词，通常表示 “前一个名词修饰后一个名词” 或 “两者结合的含义”。 school + bag → schoolbag（书包） bed + room → bedroom（卧室） mail + box → mailbox（邮箱） 2. 形容词 + 名词 形容词修饰名词，组合后表示具有该特征的事物。 black + board → blackboard（黑板） white + board → whiteboard（白板） high + way → highway（高速公路） 3. 动词 + 名词 动词和名词组合，常表示 “用该动词做某事的工具” 或 “与该动作相关的事物”。 pick + pocket → pickpocket（扒手，字面意为 “扒口袋的人”） break + fast → breakfast（早餐，原指 “打破禁食”，即早上吃东西） 4. 副词 + 动词 副词修饰动词，组合后多为动词或名词。 out + break → outbreak（爆发，如 “疫情爆发” the outbreak of a disease） up + set → upset（使心烦，动词；心烦的，形容词） 5. 其他特殊组合 数词 + 名词：five + year + old → five-year-old（五岁的，注意加连字符后名词用单数，作定语） 名词 + 动词 - ing：hand + writing → handwriting（书法） 动词 + 副词：put + on → put-on（假装，名词；做作的，形容词） (3)合成词的书写形式 合成词的书写有三种形式，需要注意： 连写：直接组合成一个单词，如 notebook, sunflower。 加连字符 “-”：多为形容词或暂时组合的词，如 five-year-old（作定语时）、state-of-the-art（最先进的）。 分写：两个词分开写，但整体表达一个含义，如 post office（邮局）、bus stop（公交站）。 【经典练】　 判断下列合成词的构成方式（如 “名词 + 名词”“形容词 + 动词 - ing” 等） homework（家庭作业）→ 名词 + 名词（home+work） snow-white（雪白的）→ 名词 + 形容词（snow+white） sunrise（日出）→ 名词 + 动词（sun+rise） hardworking（勤奋的）→ 形容词 + 动词 - ing（hard+working） get-together（聚会）→ 动词 + 副词（get+together，加连字符作名词） 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 邀请信是用于邀请他人参加活动、会议、聚会等的信函，核心是清晰传达邀请的目的、时间、地点及相关细节。写作时需注意语气礼貌诚恳，信息准确完整，让对方明确知晓邀请的核心内容并能及时回应。具体写作结构为： 开头 邀请信 主体 结尾 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）I’m writing to invite you to... 我写信是为了邀请你参加…… （2）It would be a great honor for us if you could... 若您能……，我们将倍感荣幸。 （3）We’re planning to... and we’d love to have you join us. 我们计划……，非常希望您能加入。 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）The event will be held at... on... 活动将于……（时间）在……（地点）举行。 （2）The main activities include... 主要活动包括…… （3）It’s a good chance for us to... 这对我们来说是一个……的好机会。 3. 结尾常用语 （1）We would appreciate it if you could let us know your decision at your earliest convenience. 若您能尽早告知是否接受邀请，我们将不胜感激。 （2）We’re looking forward to your reply and hoping you can come. 期待您的回复，希望您能来。 （3）Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions. 如有任何问题，请随时联系我。 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是学校英语俱乐部主席李华，俱乐部将举办“英语演讲比赛”，请你给外教Mr. Smith写一封邀请信，邀请他担任评委。 要点：1. 比赛时间：下周六（10月28日）下午2点；2. 地点：学校报告厅；3. 活动意义：提升学生英语表达能力；4. 期待回复。 Dear Smith， Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 邀请信 人称 以第一人称（I/we）为主，称呼用第二人称（you/Mr. Smith） 时态 主要用一般将来时（介绍活动安排）和一般现在时（说明常态信息） 框架 第一段：自我介绍，说明邀请目的（邀请担任评委）； 第二段：详细说明比赛的时间、地点、意义； 第三段：期待对方接受邀请，提供联系方式，表达感谢第一 第二步：要点翻译 1. 我是学校英语俱乐部主席李华，写信邀请您担任英语演讲比赛的评委。 I’m Li Hua, chairman of the school English Club, and I’m writing to invite you to be a judge for our English speech contest. 2. 比赛将于下周六（10月28日）下午2点在学校报告厅举行。 The contest will be held in the school lecture hall at 2 pm next Saturday, October 28th. 3. 这次比赛旨在提升学生的英语表达能力。 The contest aims to improve students’ English speaking skills. 4. 若您能担任评委，我们将非常荣幸。 It would be a great honor for us if you could be a judge. 5. 请您尽早告知是否能来，我的电话是123456789。 Please let us know if you can come as soon as possible. My phone number is 123456789. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句合并2,3句，补充活动细节，丰富主体内容。 The contest, which is aimed at improving students’ English speaking skills, will be held in the school lecture hall at 2 pm next Saturday, October 28th. 2. 用“it作形式主语”优化结尾请求，使语气更委婉 It would be appreciated if you could let us know your decision as soon as possible, and you can reach me at 123456789 if you have any questions. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua, chairman of the school English Club. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge for our upcoming English speech contest. The contest, which is aimed at improving students’ English speaking skills, will be held in the school lecture hall at 2 pm next Saturday, October 28th. Many students have signed up, and it will be a great chance for them to show their talents in English. It would be a great honor for us if you could join us as a judge—your professional advice will surely encourage the students a lot. We would appreciate it if you could let us know your decision at your earliest convenience. Please feel free to call me at 123456789 if you have any questions. We’re really looking forward to your reply and hoping you can accept our invitation. Thank you very much! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Information Technology 一、词汇清单 单词 1．impact n. 影响；作用 2．personality n. 个性，性格 3．alarm n. 闹钟 4．image n. 图像；形象 5．sex/gender n. 性别 6．blog n. 博客；网络日志vt. 发表博客 7．hairstyle n.发型，发式 8．nowadays adv. 现今，现时 9．virtual adj. 虚拟的；模拟的 10．latest adj.最新的；最近的 11．account n. 账户 12．software n.计算机软件 13．device n. 设置，装置 14．ensure vt. 确保，保证 15．material n. 材料；素材 16．button n.按钮 17．goods n.商品 18．favour n. 恩惠；善意的行为 19．error n. 错误；失误 20．replace vt.取代；接替 21．hug n．&vt. 拥抱；紧抱 22．content n. 内容 23．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 24．percent n. 百分比；百分数 25．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 26．focus vi. 给予某物关注n. 焦点 27．maintain vt. 保持；维持 28．smartphone n.智能手机 29．tablet n.平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 30．authority n.权威人士；专家 31．fantasy n.幻想作品 32．series n. 系列 33．author n. 作者，作家 34．policy n.政策，方针 短语 1. be addicted to 沉迷于 2. a variety of 各种各样的 3. look forward to 期待，期盼 4. set up 建立，创建 5. instead of 代替；而不是 6. be concerned with 关心…… 7. in addition 除此之外 8. focus on关注 9. point out指出 10. in the field of在……领域 11. more or less或多或少；大概 12. on the basis of在……的基础上 13. stay in touch with和……保持联系 14. be/become obsessed with痴迷于…… 熟词生义 alarm．1.n.警报，警报器　2. n.恐慌　3．vt.使惊恐，使害怕 fancy. 1．adj.花哨的　2．vt.想要，想做　3．vt.想象　4．n.想象(力)，想象的事物 句型 1.so...that...句型 Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 2．while引导让步状语从句 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 3．it作形式宾语 According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 4．强调句型 It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 5．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 语法 1. 过去将来时 2. 合成构词法 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 enable vt.使可能，使发生 【教材原句】Technology really enables people to communicate better with each other.科技真的能使人们更好的沟通交流。（教材p100） 【拓展】 (1)enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 (2)be able to do sth 能够做某事，有能 力做某事 (3)have an ability to do sth 有做某事的能力　　 【写作佳句】The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.这个位置使我们能够以日落为背景俯瞰湖面。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①The new technology enables the company's products_______(have) greater price advantages over its rivals. ②With the right tools and knowledge，she was able _______(fix) her car engine on her own. ③(2022·全国乙卷)With their_______ (able) to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 补全句子 ④(2021·天津卷)语音识别使他们能够理解一个人在说什么，而自然语言处理则用于做出回应。 Speech recognition____________________what a person is saying，and natural language processing is used to work out a response. 知识点2 concern n．担忧，忧虑；vt.与……有关；使担心 【教材原句】The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns.虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。（教材p8） 【拓展】 (1)show/express one's concern about/for... 对……表示关心 (2)be concerned about/for... 担心…… be concerned with... 关心……；与……有关 as far as I'm concerned 就我而言，依我看　　 【写作佳句】From your letter, I’ve known that you are concerned about/for Chinese table manners.从你的来信中,我知道你担心中国的餐桌礼仪。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①You should not ask the questions which are concerned_______personal problems. ②A number of parents have showed concern _______ their children's safety. ③He asked several questions_______(concern) the future of the company. 补全句子 ④依我看，中国的传统节日，如春节和中秋节，不仅是庆祝活动，也是纪念祖先和弘扬文化传统的机会。 ____________________，traditional Chinese festivals，like the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival，are not only celebrations but also opportunities to honor ancestors and carry forward cultural traditions. 知识点3 view vt.看，把……视为 n.视力,视野;风景,景色;看法,想法,观点 【教材原句】However, other users view avatars in a more positive light.然而，其他用户则以更积极的眼光看待虚拟形象。（教材p9） 【拓展】 (1)in view of 鉴于，考虑到 in sb's view 在某人看来，某人认为 come into view 呈现眼前；进入眼帘 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 hold different views持不同的观点 from the point of view of从……的观点/角度来看 (2)view...as... 视……为……　　 【写作佳句】The three-hour music festival will begin at 9:00 am and you’d better come earlier for a good seat so that you can enjoy a better view. 三小时的音乐节将于上午九点开始,你最好早点来,找个好座位,以便你能欣赏到更好的风景。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①_______my view，traveling is the best way to broaden one's horizons and gain new perspectives. ②As we turned the corner，a beautiful garden with blooming flowers came_______view. ③The latest art exhibits are_______ view at the museum until the end of the month. ④In many cultures，the color red is viewed_______a symbol of luck and good fortune. 补全句子 ⑤鉴于劳动对学生的许多好处，我建议我们应该定期参加广泛的劳动，以便我们能够变得全面。 ___________________________________，I suggest that we should regularly take part in a wide range of labor so that we can become well-rounded. 知识点4 favour n．恩惠；善意的行为 【教材原句】Can you do me a favor and find out what’s going on?你能帮我查一下怎那么回事吗？（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人忙 (2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利　　 【写作佳句】Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和挑战往往青睐那些有准备的人。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①I voted _______ favour of the new school policy because I believe it will benefit students in the long run. ②As for my_______(favour) figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. ③He tried his best to make a _______ (favour) impression on her parents. ④The weather conditions during the race were _______ our favour，allowing us to set a new record time. 补全句子 ⑤我写信真诚地请求您能在根据教科书改编剧本方面给予帮助。 I am writing in sincerity to _______ regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook. [链接写作]　一句多译 大多数人都支持我去参观长城的提议。 ④________________________________that we’ll visit the Great Wall.(favour n.)  ⑤________________________________that we should visit the Great Wall.(for)  ⑥________________________________that we should visit the Great Wall.(agree)  ⑦________________________________that we should visit the Great Wall.(support n.)  知识点5 confirm vt.确认;证实 【教材原句】If you could just confirm your name, please? 请你再确认一下你的信息，谢谢？（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)confirm that...确认…… it is/has been confirmed that...已经确定…… confirm sb in one’s belief that...使某人更加坚定…… (2)confirmation n.证实,确认书 confirmable adj.可证实的 confirmed adj.习惯的,根深蒂固的,得到确认的　　 【写作佳句】The expression on his face confirmed me in my belief that he must have had an excellent performance in the final.他脸上的表情让我更加坚信他在决赛中一定表现十分出色。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①It has been confirmed _______ the lost baby has been found.  ②The survey collects large quantities of _______ (confirm) data,proving the influence the behaviour has on a teenager’s growth.  ③Many people have claimed to have seen the alien which is not __________(confirm).  补全句子 ④交作业前,我们数学老师总是提醒我们确认所有答案都是正确的。 Before handing in our work,our maths teacher always reminds us__________ all the answers are correct.  知识点6 harm vt.&n.伤害，损害 【教材原句】While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网能让人们更加亲近，但它也可能会损害友谊。（教材p14） 【拓展】 (1)do...harm/do harm to... 对……有害 do no/great/much/a lot of harm to对……无害/有很大害处 mean no harm无恶意 do more good than harm利大于弊 do more harm than good弊大于利 there is no harm in (one’s) doing sth (某人)做某事无妨/无害 (2)harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 be harmful to=do harm to对……有害　　　 【写作佳句】If you want to consult the expert,there is no harm in emailing him.如果你想咨询那位专家,你不妨给他发邮件。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①(2021·北京卷)Some experts say that music can be _______ (harm) if it is too loud. ②There is no harm in _______ (say) sorry to your friend first if you two have quarreled. ③Excessive exposure to sunlight can do harm _______ your skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. 补全句子 ④我告诉他塑料对环境会多么危害，并要求他考虑使用更多环保的选择。 (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him ___________________________ and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 知识点7 content n．内容 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的 【教材原句】In addition, a lot of content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.此外，社交媒体上发布的许多内容都很肤浅或琐碎的。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地 (2)content oneself with sth 满足于……；对……感到满意 (3)be content with sth 对某事满意/满足 be content to do sth 满足于做某事；乐意做某事　　　　 【写作佳句】Poor as the old couple are,they are content to live in the peaceful mountains.尽管贫穷,那对老夫妇仍愿意生活在宁静的山里。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①My parents are content _______ (live) in the country，where the air is fresh and clean. ②We should never content ourselves _______ the knowledge learned from the books. ③She is not content _______ her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it. ④She had a _______ (content) life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life. 补全句子 ⑤在露营地，我们围着篝火尽情地唱歌跳舞，完全沉浸在欢乐的气氛中。 At the campsite，we sang and danced ______________ around bonfires，fully immersing ourselves in the joyful atmosphere. 知识点8 deliver vi.&vt.递送；传送 【教材原句】Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week.嗯，史密斯女士，根据我的记录，您的订单上周已经送达了。（教材p102） 【拓展】 (1)deliver...to... 把……递送给…… (2)deliver v. 接生；分娩，生(小孩儿) deliver a baby 接生婴儿 be delivered of a baby 分娩，生孩子 (3)deliver a letter/message/news/lecture/speech 投递信件/传递消息/播送新闻/做讲座/发表讲话　　　　 【写作佳句】In order to deliver a clear presentation,I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.为了发表清晰的展示,我详细解释了传统的制茶步骤。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Will you take the goods with you or shall we deliver them _______ your house? ②To her husband's joy，she was delivered _______ a healthy baby in the hospital last night. ③(2020·天津卷)Once the book you've requested _______ deliver) to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up. ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood _______ (deliver) food in Bernardsville，New Jersey. ⑤The pizza restaurant is known for its fast and reliable _______ (deliver) service，ensuring hot and fresh pizzas at your doorstep. 补全句子 ⑥心脏怦怦直跳，他走上舞台，开始发表他的讲话。 With a pounding heart，he stepped onto the stage and ________________ 知识点9 argument n．论点；论据 【教材原句】Identify one sentence for each argument that states this general idea.为每个论点找出一个能阐述其总体观点的句子。（教材p14） 【拓展】 (1)It is beyond argument that... 无可争辩的是……，毋庸置疑…… (2)argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 argue for... 支持……，赞同…… argue against... 反驳……；否认……　　 【写作佳句】A strong argument in an English essay should be supported by relevant evidence and clear reasoning.英语作文中有力的论点需要有相关证据和清晰的推理来支撑。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①It's no use arguing _______ him about the question for he won't change his opinion. ②The local people strongly argued _______ the construction of a new chemical factory，emphasizing the environmental damage it would cause. ③We need to provide a convincing _______ (argue) as to why the system should be changed. ④(2021·北京卷)The mental health benefits from music can't _______ (argue). 补全句子 ⑤毋庸置疑，锻炼和均衡饮食对于保持良好的健康至关重要。 ______________________ exercise and a balanced diet are key to maintaining good health. 知识点10 focus on 关注;集中(光束)于,聚集于 【教材原句】In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication.在我看来，朋友们应该更注重面对面交流，而减少线上交流。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)focus on/upon sth/sb集中注意力于某物/某人 focus one’s attention/eyes on注意力/眼神集中于 (2)come into focus轮廓明显,清晰;(问题)突出 bring...into focus使集中在焦点上;使清楚起来/明朗化 【写作佳句】Don’t bother about those trifles.You should focus on your study.不要为那些琐事费心。你应该专注于你的学习。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus _______ the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.  ②(天津卷)There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come _______ focus:food.  ③(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Emotional intelligence,with its focus _______ both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.  句式升级 ④Susan focused her energy on her research,so she spared no time to gather with her friends. → ____________________________ , Susan spared no time to gather with her friends.(用with复合结构改写)  知识点11 addition n．增添；添加 【教材原句】In addition, a lot of content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.此外，社交媒体上发布的许多内容都很肤浅或琐碎的。（教材p15） 【拓展】 (1)in addition to＝as well as/besides 除……之外(还) (2)in addition 另外，除此之外(在句中作状语)　 (3)additional adj.另外的,附加的 additionally adv.另外,同时;附加地 【写作佳句】In addition,considering you are busy on weekdays,would it be convenient for you if we meet on Saturday afternoon in the lecture hall?另外,考虑到你工作日很忙,我们周六下午在报告厅见面是否方便? 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① In addition _______ her full-time job，Sarah volunteers at a local animal shelter on the weekends. ②Bicycling is good for your health；_______ addition，it does not pollute the air. ③The team worked late into the night to complete the project，putting in _______ (addition) hours to ensure its success. 补全句子 ④除了喜欢听音乐以外，他还喜欢看电影。 _______________________ ，he also likes to watch movies. 句式升级 ⑤Additionally,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful. → __________________ ,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful.(同义句转换)  三．语法清单 过去将来时 【感知·语法规律】 1.She told me she would buy a new bike the following week. 2.The teacher said the exam would be easier than we thought. 3.They were going to visit their grandparents last weekend, but it rained. 4.He thought the concert was going to start in 10 minutes 【精讲·语法知识】 1.过去将来时 (1)概念：表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算。 (2)基本结构 1.should/would + 动词原形 从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 He said they would arrange a party.他说他们要安排聚会。 He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我何时动身去巴黎。 2.was/were going to + 动词原形 强调 “过去有计划、有意图做某事”，有时也表示 “过去看来即将发生的事”。 They were going to travel to Japan last month, but they changed their mind. 他们上个月本打算去日本旅行，但改变了主意。 3.was/were about to do…when… 表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。 I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.我正要开始这时天下雨了。 4.was/were coming… go, come leave等动词过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 I didn’t know he was coming until this morning. 直到今天上午我才知道他要来。 5.was/were to do 强调计划性，“将要做某事”。 Tom wasn't worried about his head injury, but it was to be troublesome for him later.汤姆不担心他头部的伤，但是以后这损伤必将给他带来麻烦。 (3)过去将来时的使用场景 过去将来时通常出现在以下语境中： 1　 宾语从句中（主句谓语是过去时，从句表示过去的未来） He promised he would help me.他承诺过他会帮我。 （主句 “promised” 是过去时，从句 “帮我” 是当时承诺的未来动作） 2　 间接引语中（转述过去的 “将来”） 直接引语：She said, “I will come tomorrow.” 间接引语：She said she would come the next day. 直接引语中的 “will come” 在间接引语中变为 “would come”，因为 “tomorrow” 变为 “the next day”，相对于 “said” 是过去的未来 3　 描述过去的计划或预测 We were going to have a meeting, but it was canceled.我们本要开个会，但被取消了。 (4)比较would do 和 was/were going to 维度 would do was/were going to do 核心含义 单纯表示 “从过去看未来会发生的动作”，不强调 “计划” 或 “意图”。 强调 “过去有计划、有意图做某事”，或 “过去看来即将发生的事”。 是否暗示计划 不暗示，仅表示 “未来的动作”（从过去视角看）。 明确暗示 “过去已计划好”，常与 “未实现的计划” 搭配。 例句对比 He said he would go to the store.（他说他会去商店。—— 仅陈述未来动作，未提是否计划好。） He was going to go to the store, but he forgot.（他本打算去商店，但忘了。—— 强调 “计划过但没实现”。） 【经典练】　 1．Whenever we had trouble，he _______ (come) to help us. 2．He said the train _______ (leave) at six the next morning. 3. When he _______ (open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere. 4. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he___________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 5. I wish he _______ (go) with me to the cinema tonight. 6. If I had a chance to study abroad, I _______ (study) at Cambridge University. 7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _______ (be) able to speak it much better now. 8. If the captain had been more careful, his ship ______________ (sink). 9. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 2.合成构词法 【感知·语法规律】 She bought a notebook to write down her ideas.（note + book → notebook 笔记本） My little sister likes to play with sunflowers in the garden.（sun + flower → sunflower 向日葵） We need a toothbrush to keep our teeth clean.（tooth + brush → toothbrush 牙刷） He wears a raincoat because it’s raining heavily.（rain + coat → raincoat 雨衣） 【精讲·语法知识】 合成词的构成方式 (1)概念：合成法是指把两个或多个单词组合在一起，形成一个新的单词，这个新单词的意思往往与原单词相关，但又有独立的含义。 (2)分类 合成词的构成灵活多样，常见的有以下几种： 1. 名词 + 名词 两个名词组合，形成新的名词，通常表示 “前一个名词修饰后一个名词” 或 “两者结合的含义”。 school + bag → schoolbag（书包） bed + room → bedroom（卧室） mail + box → mailbox（邮箱） 2. 形容词 + 名词 形容词修饰名词，组合后表示具有该特征的事物。 black + board → blackboard（黑板） white + board → whiteboard（白板） high + way → highway（高速公路） 3. 动词 + 名词 动词和名词组合，常表示 “用该动词做某事的工具” 或 “与该动作相关的事物”。 pick + pocket → pickpocket（扒手，字面意为 “扒口袋的人”） break + fast → breakfast（早餐，原指 “打破禁食”，即早上吃东西） 4. 副词 + 动词 副词修饰动词，组合后多为动词或名词。 out + break → outbreak（爆发，如 “疫情爆发” the outbreak of a disease） up + set → upset（使心烦，动词；心烦的，形容词） 5. 其他特殊组合 数词 + 名词：five + year + old → five-year-old（五岁的，注意加连字符后名词用单数，作定语） 名词 + 动词 - ing：hand + writing → handwriting（书法） 动词 + 副词：put + on → put-on（假装，名词；做作的，形容词） (3)合成词的书写形式 合成词的书写有三种形式，需要注意： 连写：直接组合成一个单词，如 notebook, sunflower。 加连字符 “-”：多为形容词或暂时组合的词，如 five-year-old（作定语时）、state-of-the-art（最先进的）。 分写：两个词分开写，但整体表达一个含义，如 post office（邮局）、bus stop（公交站）。 【经典练】　 判断下列合成词的构成方式（如 “名词 + 名词”“形容词 + 动词 - ing” 等） homework（家庭作业）→ _________________________ snow-white（雪白的）→ _________________________ sunrise（日出）→_________________________ hardworking（勤奋的）→ _________________________ get-together（聚会）→_________________________ 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 邀请信是用于邀请他人参加活动、会议、聚会等的信函，核心是清晰传达邀请的目的、时间、地点及相关细节。写作时需注意语气礼貌诚恳，信息准确完整，让对方明确知晓邀请的核心内容并能及时回应。具体写作结构为： 开头 邀请信 主体 结尾 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）I’m writing to invite you to... 我写信是为了邀请你参加…… （2）It would be a great honor for us if you could... 若您能……，我们将倍感荣幸。 （3）We’re planning to... and we’d love to have you join us. 我们计划……，非常希望您能加入。 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）The event will be held at... on... 活动将于……（时间）在……（地点）举行。 （2）The main activities include... 主要活动包括…… （3）It’s a good chance for us to... 这对我们来说是一个……的好机会。 3. 结尾常用语 （1）We would appreciate it if you could let us know your decision at your earliest convenience. 若您能尽早告知是否接受邀请，我们将不胜感激。 （2）We’re looking forward to your reply and hoping you can come. 期待您的回复，希望您能来。 （3）Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions. 如有任何问题，请随时联系我。 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是学校英语俱乐部主席李华，俱乐部将举办“英语演讲比赛”，请你给外教Mr. Smith写一封邀请信，邀请他担任评委。 要点：1. 比赛时间：下周六（10月28日）下午2点；2. 地点：学校报告厅；3. 活动意义：提升学生英语表达能力；4. 期待回复。 Dear Smith， Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 邀请信 人称 以第一人称（I/we）为主，称呼用第二人称（you/Mr. Smith） 时态 主要用一般将来时（介绍活动安排）和一般现在时（说明常态信息） 框架 第一段：自我介绍，说明邀请目的（邀请担任评委）； 第二段：详细说明比赛的时间、地点、意义； 第三段：期待对方接受邀请，提供联系方式，表达感谢第一 第二步：要点翻译 1. 我是学校英语俱乐部主席李华，写信邀请您担任英语演讲比赛的评委。 I’m Li Hua, chairman of the school English Club, and _________________________to be a judge for our English speech contest. 2. 比赛将于下周六（10月28日）下午2点在学校报告厅举行。 The contest________________ in the school lecture hall at 2 pm next Saturday, October 28th. 3. 这次比赛旨在提升学生的英语表达能力。 The contest________________ students’ English speaking skills. 4. 若您能担任评委，我们将非常荣幸。 ________________ for us if you could be a judge. 5. 请您尽早告知是否能来，我的电话是123456789。 Please let us know if you can come ________________ . My phone number is 123456789. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句合并2,3句，补充活动细节，丰富主体内容。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 用“it作形式主语”优化结尾请求，使语气更委婉 ____________________________________________________________________________________________第四步：连句成篇 Dear Smith， Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$