语法预习（二）被动语态 2025-2026学年人教版九年级英语全册

九年级语法预习（二） 被动语态、 1、 定义 被动语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语是动作的承受者（即动作的对象），而不是动作的发出者。 例句：The letter was written by her. （这封信是她写的。主语“the letter”是“written”这个动作的承受者。） 2、 基本形式 1. 被动语态的基本结构为：be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现，过去分词保持不变。 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词（如：The room is cleaned every day.） 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词（如：The window was broken yesterday.） 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词（如：The project will be finished next week.） 现在进行时：am/is/are + being + 过去分词（如：The house is being painted now.） 过去进行时：was/were + being + 过去分词（如：The road was being repaired when I passed by.） 现在完成时：have/has + been + 过去分词（如：The work has been done already.） 过去完成时：had + been + 过去分词（如：The report had been submitted before the meeting.） 情态动词的被动：情态动词（can/may/must等） + be + 过去分词（如：This mistake must be corrected.） 3、 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1.  找出主动句中的宾语（动作的承受者），将其作为被动句的主语； 2.  把主动句的谓语动词改为“be + 过去分词”（时态与主动句一致）； 3.  原主动句的主语（动作的发出者）变为“by + 发出者”，置于句末（可省略）。 例句：主动句：She wrote the novel.（她写了这本小说。） 被动句：The novel was written by her.（这本小说被她写了。） 4、 用法 1. 强调动作的承受者当需要突出动作的对象而非发出者时使用。 例句：The prize was won by a student.（奖项被一名学生获得。） 2. 不知道或不必提及动作的发出者若动作的发出者不明确或不重要，可省略“by + 发出者”。 例句：This bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于1990年。） 3. 出于礼貌或客观语气在科技文献、新闻报道等正式语境中，常用被动语态体现客观性。 例句：The experiment was conducted in a lab.（实验在实验室进行。） 5、 特殊句式的被动语态 1.  带双宾语的动词（如give, teach, show等）被动句可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留。 例句：主动句：He gave me a book. 被动句1：I was given a book (by him). 被动句2：A book was given to me (by him). 2.  带宾语补足语的动词（如make, keep, see等）被动句中，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，且有些动词（如make, see）后接不定式时要还原to。 例句：主动句：We saw her enter the room. 被动句：She was seen to enter the room (by us). 6、 注意事项与常见误区 1. 只有及物动词（能直接加宾语的动词）才有被动语态，不及物动词（如happen, appear）和部分短语动词（如take place, break out）没有。 例句：The accident was happened. ✗ The accident happened. ✓ 2. 被动句中“by + 发出者”滥用：只有需要强调动作是谁做的时才用，多数情况下可省略。 被动语态练习 一、单项选择 1. The bridge ______ by the workers last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 2. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 3. A new school ______ here next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 4. The letter ______ by my sister yesterday. A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. was written 5. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday. A. discussed B. was discussed C. is discussed D. discusses 6. Many trees ______ on the hill every spring. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 7. The book ______ by him in 2010. A. was written B. wrote C. is written D. writes 8. Your homework ______ before you hand it in. A. must check B. must be checked C. checks D. is checked 9. The children ______ by their parents when they were young. A. are taken care of B. take care of C. were taken care of D. took care of 10. The room ______ now. Don't go in. A. is cleaned B. is being cleaned C. cleans D. cleaned 11. These photos ______ by my brother during his trip. A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken 12. The old house ______ down last week. A. pulls B. pulled C. was pulled D. is pulled 13. A new film ______ in the cinema next month. A. will show B. will be shown C. shows D. is shown 14. The little girl ______ to sing English songs. A. teaches B. taught C. is taught D. was taught 15. The question ______ by the teacher at the moment. A. is being asked B. asks C. asked D. was asked 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The windows ______ (clean) yesterday morning. 2. This story ______ (know) by everyone in our class. 3. The meeting ______ (hold) in the hall tomorrow afternoon. 4. The thief ______ (catch) by the police last night. 5. The flowers ______ (water) by my mother every day. 6. The project ______ (complete) by the end of next year. 7. My bike ______ (repair) when I got to the shop. 8. The letter ______ (send) to him three days ago, but he hasn't received it yet. 9. These books ______ (can borrow) from the library. 10. The problem ______ (should solve) as soon as possible. 三、句型转换（将主动语态改为被动语态） 1. People speak Chinese in China.   2. She will finish the work tomorrow.   3. They built this house in 1990.   4. The teacher is explaining the rule to the students.   5. We must keep the classroom clean.   参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5：C B C D B 6-10：C A B C B 11-15：C C B C A 二、填空题 1. were cleaned 2. is known 3. will be held 4. was caught 5. are watered 6. will be completed 7. was being repaired 8. was sent 9. can be borrowed 10. should be solved 三、句型转换 1. Chinese is spoken in China. 2. The work will be finished by her tomorrow. 3. This house was built by them in 1990. 4. The rule is being explained to the students by the teacher. 5. The classroom must be kept clean (by us). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$