Unit 2 单元知识梳理-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册同步教学精品课件（人教版2024）

Unit 2 知识梳理 重点短语 Section A 1.pack up 打包 2. hang up 挂起；挂断电话 3. hang out with sb. 和某人闲逛 4. invite sb to ... 邀请某人去… 5. living room 客厅 6. mop the floor 拖地 7. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 8. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物 9. get ready for 为……做好准备 10. in front of 在……的前面 11. by the window 在窗边 12. add sth to sth 把……加人 ...... 13. make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 14. go shopping 去购物 15. treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 16. give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人 17. at once 立刻，马上 18. be careful with 注意；当心 19. the movies 电影院；电影产业 20. take notes 做笔记 21. clean up 清扫 Section B 1. more than 超过，多于 2. at the end of 在……的尽头/末端 3. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 4. wait for 等候，等待 5. be busy doing sth忙于做某事 6. share sth with sb 把……与………分享 7. set the table 摆放餐桌 8.be familiar with... 熟悉...... 9.with tears in the eyes 眼里带着眼泪 10. no matter 不论；不要紧 11. feel free to do sth 随意做某事 12. do the dishes 洗餐具 13. how often 多久一次 14. bring joy to us带给我们欢乐 15. invite you to the community party邀请你来社区派对 16. on the first floor在一楼 17. give a hand伸出援手 重点句型 1、Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon?爸爸，你今天下午能开车顺便送我去商店吗？ 2、 Well, it's not“grandma clean”yet!嗯，还没达到“奶奶标准的干净”呢！ 3、Could you please take out the rubbish? It’s starting to smell.你能把垃圾拿出去吗？已经开始有发臭了。 4、We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.我们想给动物们盖上东西，并把墙壁涂成浅绿 5、Would you like to mop the floor or clean the windows?你想拖地还是擦窗户？ 6、I can’t wait to show them our new house.我迫不及待地想向他们展示我们的新房子。 7、...but now we need to get ready for their arrival.但现在我们需要为他们的到来做好准备。 8、But their room is already clean! Well, it’s not “grandma clean” yet.但是他们的房间已经很干净了！不过，还 9、Can I put some flowers by the window?我可以把一些花放在窗边吗？ 10、make grandparents feel at home让祖父母感到宾至如归 11、No matter how long I’m away, home is always glad to see me again.无论我离开多久，家总是欢迎我回来。 12、something important or with a high price重要或价格昂贵的东西 13、 Helen, can I borrow your chess set? 海伦，我可以借用你的棋盘吗？ 14、Can I stay out until eleven? 我可以在外面待到十一点吗？ 15、You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.你想给父母打电话，但手机没电了。 16、You are holding a large box.你手里拿着一个大箱子。 17、Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags.请同学们带手套和垃圾袋。 18、We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.我们一大早就起床去赶火车。 19、At the end of the road, I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.在路的尽头，我看到爷爷和我的小表弟站在寒风中等我们。 20、In the text, what words are used to describe people’s feelings?在这段文章中，哪些词语用来描述人们的情感？ 23、Could you please take out the rubbish? It’s starting to smell.你能把垃圾拿出去吗？已经开始有发臭了。 24、We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.我们想给动物们盖上东西，并把墙壁涂成浅绿 重点语法 can 与 could 表达礼貌的请求与许可 一、基本用法 1. can 的直接用法 含义：表示直接请求或许可，语气较随意，适用于熟悉的人或非正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Can I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Can you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） 例句： ① 请求许可： Can I borrow your eraser?（我可以借你的橡皮吗？） → 同学之间直接询问，无需额外礼貌措辞。 ② 请求帮助： Can you pass me the salt?（你能把盐递给我吗？） → 家庭成员间自然交流，语气直接。 2. could 的委婉用法 含义：表示委婉请求或许可，语气更礼貌、正式，适用于陌生人或正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Could I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Could you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） 例句： ① 请求许可： Could I leave the classroom for a minute?（我可以离开教室一会儿吗？） → 学生向老师请假时使用，体现尊重。 ② 请求帮助： Could you please explain this math problem again?（你能再解释一遍这道数学题吗？） → 向同学请教时用 could，避免显得生硬。 二、用法对比 1. 语气对比 语气程度 情态动词 适用场景 例句 直接随意 can 家人、朋友、非正式场合 Can I use your phone?（我能用下你的手机吗？） 委婉礼貌 could 老师、陌生人、正式场合 Could I have a glass of water, please?（请给我一杯水好吗？） 2. 特殊场景 (1)紧急情况：即使在正式场合，若情况紧急，可用 can 直接请求： Can you call an ambulance?（你能叫救护车吗？） → 此时优先考虑效率，无需委婉。 (2)长期许可：表示习惯性许可时，用 can 更自然： You can play in the park after school.（放学后你可以在公园玩。） → 家长对孩子的日常许可，无需 could。 三、回答方式 1. 肯定回答 (1)回答 can 的请求：用Yes, you can. 或简短肯定（如 Sure, Of course）。 --- Can I join your game?（我能加入你们的游戏吗？） --- Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） (2)回答 could 的请求：必须用 can，不可用 could： → --- Could I borrow your book?（我可以借你的书吗？） --- Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） 2. 否定回答 (1)直接拒绝：用No, you can't. 或I'm sorry, you can't.  --- Can I stay up late tonight?（我今晚能熬夜吗？） --- No, you can't.（不，不行。） (2)委婉拒绝：用I'm afraid not. 或I'm sorry, but...  --- Could you help me carry this box?（你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？） --- I'm afraid not. I'm busy now.（恐怕不行，我现在很忙。） 3. 易犯错误 错误 1：回答 could 的请求时用 could。 纠正：Yes, you can.（正确） 错误 2：否定回答时语气生硬。 纠正：I'm sorry, but I can't.（更礼貌） 四、注意事项 1. could 不表示过去 含义：在请求句中，could 仅表委婉，与时间无关。 Could you please close the window?（你能关上窗户吗？） → 动作发生在现在，并非过去。 2. 否定句中的 could 含义：couldn't 可表示过去一般性许可，但不可用于特定场合许可。 When I was a child, I couldn't watch TV before dinner.（我小时候晚餐前不能看电视。） → 过去长期规则，可用 couldn't。 He couldn't enter the room because it was locked.（他无法进房间，因为门锁了。） → 过去特定情况，需用wasn't able to。 3. 与其他情态动词的对比 (1)may  May I come in?（我可以进来吗？） → 比 can 更正式，但不如 could 委婉，常用于长辈或权威人士。 (2)might Might I ask a question?（我可以问个问题吗？） → 比 could 更委婉，但较少使用，多见于书面语。 1．— ________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the Art Club. A．Could; could B．May; can’t C．Can; shouldn’t D．Can; needn’t 2．—Mom, ________ I invite my friends to a party? —Sorry, you ________. You have a test on Monday. A．could; couldn’t B．can; needn’t C．could; can’t D．can; don’t have to 3．—Tom, I’ll go running in the International Half Marathon (国际半程马拉松). —________ A．Best wishes! B．Have a good time. C．Good luck! D．That’s OK. 4．—It’s a sunny day today. Why not go camping with your friends? —_________. A．You’d better not. B．No, I don’t mind. C．That sounds great. D．It’s a pleasure. 5—Thanks for listening to my problems and giving me your advice. —________. That’s what a true friend is for. A．With pleasure B．Never mind C．My pleasure D.t’s nice of you 重点知识 Section A 1.Jim's bedroom吉姆的卧室，这里的“’s”是名词所有格，表示“......的”，如果前面的名词复数以s或es结尾，直接加单引号’，不用加s。 teachers’ pencils 老师们的铅笔 2.hang out with sb. 和......出去玩 hang的固定搭配：hang up把......挂起来/挂断电话 hang on 坚持 hang out 闲逛 3.invite的用法：①invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 ②invite sb. to sp./n. 邀请某人到...... 4.right away 马上，立刻 = right now= at once 5.later之后，放在时间段后面，an hour later 一个小时之后 注意：after的用法与之相反，after放在时间段的前面，after an hour一个小时后 6.good job 干得好，这里表示对某人的行为的肯定或表扬 7.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事 8.already已经，通常放在肯定句或疑问句中 9.yet 还，通常放在疑问句和否定句句末 10.Let’s + do sth. 让我们......（这里的 ’s是us），是一个提建议的句型 11. other 其他的，后接可数名词复数 12.Here you are给你。这是一个倒装句，here本来应该放在句末。 13.until + 时间点/句子，直到......为止 14.It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事是......的。这里的it是形式主语，不用翻译，真正的主语是后面的to do sth. 15.help (sb.) do sth. 帮助（某人）做某事。 Section B 1.borrow 借，borrow sth. from... 问......借某物 lend 借出，过去式lent, lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 2.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物， share your ideas with friends 和你的朋友分享你的想法 3.almost几乎，差不多。①放在实义动词前，be动词后面。②放在形容词或副词前 4.at the end of + 名词，在......的尽头/末尾，后面如果没有名词不需要用of end的其他固定搭配：in the end最后，终于 by the end of...到......末为止，到......结束时 end up with以......告终 5.busy的用法：①be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 ②be busy with sth.忙于某事 6.no matter + 特殊疑问词= 特殊疑问词 + ever， 无论......，后接句子。用于强调某个决定或结果不受特定的人、事物、地点、时间、原因或方式的影响。 No matter where you are = Wherever you are 无论你在哪 7.ask的用法：①ask sb. to do sth. 要求/叫某人做某事 ②ask (sb.) for sth.向某人索取某物 ③ask (sb.) about sth.询问某人关于某事 8.for + 名词/代词/doing，为了......，表目的，强调是为了这件事情/人才去的某地或者做某事 9.look for 寻找。 look的常见短语： look after照顾 look at看 look through快速浏览 10.现在分词短语充当后置定语，修饰名词， the people living in the same area 11.on the first floor在一楼，具体到几楼和星期几都是用介词on 12.too young 太年轻，too放在形容词前面，意为“太”，放在肯定句末，意为“也” 13.choose to do sth.选择做某事 14.make的用法：①make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 ②make sb. + 形容词， 使某人...... 书面表达 美好的生活环境使人身心愉悦，你现在的生活环境是怎样的？你喜欢怎样的生活环境？请以“I Like Living in _________”为题，如：I Like Living in My Community/the City/the Countryside/an Apartment Building …，写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你居住的生活环境，以及你喜欢住在那里的原因。 要求：1. 补全题目； 2. 语言流畅，内容连贯，书写规范，卷面整洁； 3. 文中不能使用你的真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计； 4. 词数80个左右。 I Like Living in _________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 当堂训练 1、 单项选择。 1．We should sort the rubbish ________ it can be recycled easily. A．in order to B．so that C．while D．or 2．It’s warm in the room. You’d better take off your coat and _______ in the closet. A．hang it up B．hang up it C．hang up them D．hang them up 3．He arrived ________ Beijing ________ the evening of July 27th. A．in; at B．in; on C．at; in D．in; in 4．Don’t forget ________ the little boy ________ some salt to the noodles. A．to let, add B．let, add C．to let, to add D．let, to add 5．Jack was busy taking notes ________ Mr.Brown was giving a lesson. A．if B．while C．unless D．when 6．— ________ you go to see the movie Beyond the Clouds《我本是高山》 with me tonight? — Sorry, I can’t. I must finish my science report. A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Should 7．—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You ________ keep it for another two days. A．mustn’t; can B．needn’t; can C．don’t have to; must D．must; must 8．—Could I go swimming with my friends this afternoon? —Sorry, ________. It’s dangerous ________ on your own. A．you couldn’t; swimming B．you can’t; to swim C．you shouldn’t; swimming D．you needn’t; swim 9．—Teddy, don’t draw on the wall. It’s not a good behavior. — ______. A．Never mind B．Yes, I’d love to C．Sorry, I won’t D．Of course not 10．—________. — Yes, I want to buy some oranges. A．Can you help me? B．Excuse me. C．Can I help you? D．What do you want to buy? 2、 根据所给汉语和句意完成填空。 1．He is p his luggage (行李), he will go to Shanghai on business soon. 2．When my brother is free, he often h out with his friends. 3．Could I b your dictionary to look up a new word? 4．Lily often (借出) a helping hand to people in need. 5．You need to (浇水) the flowers twice a month. 6．Could you please (打扫) the floor? It’s very dirty. 7．Try to make n (笔记) in class and go over them after class. 8．Why don’t you (邀请) your friends to our home for dinner tonight, Simon? 9．There are many (财富，财宝) in the museum. It is worth visiting again. 10．The hunters are (搜寻) for a bear. 三、根据句意提示，填写出单词的适当形式。 1．The old man was found (die) in the bedroom the next day. 2．My uncle lives in a big flat with two (balcony). 3．Not only his parents but also he (plan) to take a course in AI next month. 4．You must be (care) when you cross the road. 5．We all know that J. K. Rowling is the (write) of Harry Potter. 四、 按要求改写句子。 1．我可以借些钱吗？ Could I money? 2.时，他可能会发生任何不寻常的事。 him at that moment. 3.告诉我怎样使用这台机器吗？ Could you me this machine? 4上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 5他收拾行李时，让我们等了很长时间。 He kept us    a long time when he packed his luggage. 6下课后去购物怎么样? shopping after class? 7我们可以从校图书馆借书。 We can books the school library. 五、补全对话（七选五）。 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理、意思完整。一空一句。 Rose: Ann, could you please get me some water? Ann: Sure. What are you doing now? Rose: 1 Ann: Do you like it? Rose: 2 It’s too boring, but I have to do it. How about you? Ann: I hate sweeping the floor, too, but I like other chores. Rose: Really? 3 Ann: I like to make the bed and water the flowers. Rose: 4 Ann: Yes. I think it’s relaxing. And you? Rose: I agree. 5 A．I often help my mother do the dishes. B．Do you like doing the dishes? C．What do you want to do? D．No, not really. E．I’m sweeping the floor. F．It’s very boring. G．What chores do you like? 七．阅读理解。 Two years ago I left college and went back to work as a bank clerk in my hometown. I lived with my parents in a flat. But the flat has only two rooms and it was not big enough for us to live together any more. So last month we spent all our money buying a new apartment. It is very beautiful. Now let me tell you something about it. Our apartment is not in the center of the city. It is 20 miles from the center. But different buses and undergrounds can take us to different places at any time. And we don’t have any traffic jam (堵塞). Our apartment is on the fifth floor of a tall building. The building has 32 floors in all. There are three bedrooms in our apartment, one for my mother and father, one for me and the other for the guests who come to visit us. There is a living-room, a kitchen and a bathroom in our apartment. When you step into our apartment, you can see a wooden sofa, a tea table, a big Sony TV in the living room. We do not have a garden, but there is a small balcony outside the living room, a place for us to plant flowers and hang up our wet clothes. There are some plants on the balcony. In summer we can sit on the balcony to feel the cool wind because it gets hot inside the apartment. I love our apartment. We’ll try our best to make it a comfortable place to live in. 1．Now the writer is a _________ for two years. A．college teacher B．bank clerk C．bus driver D．banker 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It’s not easy to get anywhere from the new apartment. B．The writer’s family doesn’t have enough money to buy another apartment now. C．The writer’s family lives on the 32nd floor of a tall building. D．The old flat is bigger than the new apartment. 3．You can see the following things in the living room but not ________. A．a sofa B．a tea table C．a big Sony TV D．a telephone 4．The underlined word “balcony” in the passage means? A．阳台 B．杂物房 C．书房 D．饭厅 5．What’s the main idea for this passage? A．I like living in the center of the city. B．I live with my family in an apartment C．I love my new apartment. D．There are many things in my apartment. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 知识梳理 重点短语 Section A 1.pack up 打包 2. hang up 挂起；挂断电话 3. hang out with sb. 和某人闲逛 4. invite sb to ... 邀请某人去… 5. living room 客厅 6. mop the floor 拖地 7. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 8. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物 9. get ready for 为……做好准备 10. in front of 在……的前面 11. by the window 在窗边 12. add sth to sth 把……加人 ...... 13. make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 14. go shopping 去购物 15. treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 16. give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人 17. at once 立刻，马上 18. be careful with 注意；当心 19. the movies 电影院；电影产业 20. take notes 做笔记 21. clean up 清扫 Section B 1. more than 超过，多于 2. at the end of 在……的尽头/末端 3. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 4. wait for 等候，等待 5. be busy doing sth忙于做某事 6. share sth with sb 把……与………分享 7. set the table 摆放餐桌 8.be familiar with... 熟悉...... 9.with tears in the eyes 眼里带着眼泪 10. no matter 不论；不要紧 11. feel free to do sth 随意做某事 12. do the dishes 洗餐具 13. how often 多久一次 14. bring joy to us带给我们欢乐 15. invite you to the community party邀请你来社区派对 16. on the first floor在一楼 17. give a hand伸出援手 重点句型 1、Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon?爸爸，你今天下午能开车顺便送我去商店吗？ 2、 Well, it's not“grandma clean”yet!嗯，还没达到“奶奶标准的干净”呢！ 3、Could you please take out the rubbish? It’s starting to smell.你能把垃圾拿出去吗？已经开始有发臭了。 4、We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.我们想给动物们盖上东西，并把墙壁涂成浅绿 5、Would you like to mop the floor or clean the windows?你想拖地还是擦窗户？ 6、I can’t wait to show them our new house.我迫不及待地想向他们展示我们的新房子。 7、...but now we need to get ready for their arrival.但现在我们需要为他们的到来做好准备。 8、But their room is already clean! Well, it’s not “grandma clean” yet.但是他们的房间已经很干净了！不过，还 9、Can I put some flowers by the window?我可以把一些花放在窗边吗？ 10、make grandparents feel at home让祖父母感到宾至如归 11、No matter how long I’m away, home is always glad to see me again.无论我离开多久，家总是欢迎我回来。 12、something important or with a high price重要或价格昂贵的东西 13、 Helen, can I borrow your chess set? 海伦，我可以借用你的棋盘吗？ 14、Can I stay out until eleven? 我可以在外面待到十一点吗？ 15、You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.你想给父母打电话，但手机没电了。 16、You are holding a large box.你手里拿着一个大箱子。 17、Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags.请同学们带手套和垃圾袋。 18、We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.我们一大早就起床去赶火车。 19、At the end of the road, I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.在路的尽头，我看到爷爷和我的小表弟站在寒风中等我们。 20、In the text, what words are used to describe people’s feelings?在这段文章中，哪些词语用来描述人们的情感？ 23、Could you please take out the rubbish? It’s starting to smell.你能把垃圾拿出去吗？已经开始有发臭了。 24、We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.我们想给动物们盖上东西，并把墙壁涂成浅绿 重点语法 can 与 could 表达礼貌的请求与许可 一、基本用法 1. can 的直接用法 含义：表示直接请求或许可，语气较随意，适用于熟悉的人或非正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Can I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Can you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） 例句： ① 请求许可： Can I borrow your eraser?（我可以借你的橡皮吗？） → 同学之间直接询问，无需额外礼貌措辞。 ② 请求帮助： Can you pass me the salt?（你能把盐递给我吗？） → 家庭成员间自然交流，语气直接。 2. could 的委婉用法 含义：表示委婉请求或许可，语气更礼貌、正式，适用于陌生人或正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Could I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Could you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） 例句： ① 请求许可： Could I leave the classroom for a minute?（我可以离开教室一会儿吗？） → 学生向老师请假时使用，体现尊重。 ② 请求帮助： Could you please explain this math problem again?（你能再解释一遍这道数学题吗？） → 向同学请教时用 could，避免显得生硬。 二、用法对比 1. 语气对比 语气程度 情态动词 适用场景 例句 直接随意 can 家人、朋友、非正式场合 Can I use your phone?（我能用下你的手机吗？） 委婉礼貌 could 老师、陌生人、正式场合 Could I have a glass of water, please?（请给我一杯水好吗？） 2. 特殊场景 (1)紧急情况：即使在正式场合，若情况紧急，可用 can 直接请求： Can you call an ambulance?（你能叫救护车吗？） → 此时优先考虑效率，无需委婉。 (2)长期许可：表示习惯性许可时，用 can 更自然： You can play in the park after school.（放学后你可以在公园玩。） → 家长对孩子的日常许可，无需 could。 三、回答方式 1. 肯定回答 (1)回答 can 的请求：用Yes, you can. 或简短肯定（如 Sure, Of course）。 --- Can I join your game?（我能加入你们的游戏吗？） --- Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） (2)回答 could 的请求：必须用 can，不可用 could： → --- Could I borrow your book?（我可以借你的书吗？） --- Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） 2. 否定回答 (1)直接拒绝：用No, you can't. 或I'm sorry, you can't.  --- Can I stay up late tonight?（我今晚能熬夜吗？） --- No, you can't.（不，不行。） (2)委婉拒绝：用I'm afraid not. 或I'm sorry, but...  --- Could you help me carry this box?（你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？） --- I'm afraid not. I'm busy now.（恐怕不行，我现在很忙。） 3. 易犯错误 错误 1：回答 could 的请求时用 could。 纠正：Yes, you can.（正确） 错误 2：否定回答时语气生硬。 纠正：I'm sorry, but I can't.（更礼貌） 四、注意事项 1. could 不表示过去 含义：在请求句中，could 仅表委婉，与时间无关。 Could you please close the window?（你能关上窗户吗？） → 动作发生在现在，并非过去。 2. 否定句中的 could 含义：couldn't 可表示过去一般性许可，但不可用于特定场合许可。 When I was a child, I couldn't watch TV before dinner.（我小时候晚餐前不能看电视。） → 过去长期规则，可用 couldn't。 He couldn't enter the room because it was locked.（他无法进房间，因为门锁了。） → 过去特定情况，需用wasn't able to。 3. 与其他情态动词的对比 (1)may  May I come in?（我可以进来吗？） → 比 can 更正式，但不如 could 委婉，常用于长辈或权威人士。 (2)might Might I ask a question?（我可以问个问题吗？） → 比 could 更委婉，但较少使用，多见于书面语。 1．— ________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the Art Club. A．Could; could B．May; can’t C．Can; shouldn’t D．Can; needn’t 2．—Mom, ________ I invite my friends to a party? —Sorry, you ________. You have a test on Monday. A．could; couldn’t B．can; needn’t C．could; can’t D．can; don’t have to 3．—Tom, I’ll go running in the International Half Marathon (国际半程马拉松). —________ A．Best wishes! B．Have a good time. C．Good luck! D．That’s OK. 4．—It’s a sunny day today. Why not go camping with your friends? —_________. A．You’d better not. B．No, I don’t mind. C．That sounds great. D．It’s a pleasure. 5—Thanks for listening to my problems and giving me your advice. —________. That’s what a true friend is for. A．With pleasure B．Never mind C．My pleasure D.t’s nice of you 1．B 【解析】句意：——陈小姐，我可以从你那儿借这些画吗？——对不起，你不能。这些仅供艺术俱乐部的会员使用。 考查情态动词的用法。may可以，用于征求同意或表示允许；can’t不能，用于否定某种许可；could能，表委婉语气；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要。根据“I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen?”可知，第一空使用“May/Could”请求许可；根据“Sorry”可知，第二空需否定回答，排除选项A；故第二空需can’t表示拒绝，故选B。 2．C 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我可以邀请我的朋友来参加聚会吗？——对不起，你不能。你星期一有考试。 考查情态动词。could能，是can的过去式，可以表示请求，比can语气更委婉；couldn’t不能；can’t不能；needn’t不需要；don’t have to没必要。第一个空表示请求，用can或could；根据“Sorry, you .... You have a test on Monday.”可知，第二个空是否定回答，表示“不能”用can’t。故选C。 3．C 【解析】句意：——汤姆，我要去参加国际半程马拉松跑步比赛。——祝你好运！ 考查情景交际。Best wishes致以最美好的祝愿；Have a good time玩得开心；Good luck祝你好运；That’s OK没关系。根据“I’ll go running in the International Half Marathon (国际半程马拉松).”可知，对方要参加比赛，应祝对方好运。故选C。 4.C 【解析】句意：——今天天气晴朗。为什么不和你的朋友们去露营呢？——那听起来很棒。 考查情景交际。You’d better not你最好不要；No, I don’t mind不，我不介意；That sounds great那听起来很棒；It’s a pleasure不客气。根据“Why not go camping with your friends?”可知，这是在提建议，此处应给出对建议的回应。故选C。 5.C 【解析】句意：——感谢你倾听我的问题并给我提出建议。 ——不客气。这就是真正的朋友该做的。 考查情景交际。With pleasure乐意效劳；Never mind没关系；My pleasure这是我的荣幸；It’s nice of you你真好。根据“Thanks for listening to my problems and giving me your advice.”可知，此处应用“My pleasure”专门回应对方的感谢，表示“帮助你是我的荣幸”，符合语境。故选C。 重点知识 Section A 1.Jim's bedroom吉姆的卧室，这里的“’s”是名词所有格，表示“......的”，如果前面的名词复数以s或es结尾，直接加单引号’，不用加s。 teachers’ pencils 老师们的铅笔 2.hang out with sb. 和......出去玩 hang的固定搭配：hang up把......挂起来/挂断电话 hang on 坚持 hang out 闲逛 3.invite的用法：①invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 ②invite sb. to sp./n. 邀请某人到...... 4.right away 马上，立刻 = right now= at once 5.later之后，放在时间段后面，an hour later 一个小时之后 注意：after的用法与之相反，after放在时间段的前面，after an hour一个小时后 6.good job 干得好，这里表示对某人的行为的肯定或表扬 7.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事 8.already已经，通常放在肯定句或疑问句中 9.yet 还，通常放在疑问句和否定句句末 10.Let’s + do sth. 让我们......（这里的 ’s是us），是一个提建议的句型 11. other 其他的，后接可数名词复数 12.Here you are给你。这是一个倒装句，here本来应该放在句末。 13.until + 时间点/句子，直到......为止 14.It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事是......的。这里的it是形式主语，不用翻译，真正的主语是后面的to do sth. 15.help (sb.) do sth. 帮助（某人）做某事。 Section B 1.borrow 借，borrow sth. from... 问......借某物 lend 借出，过去式lent, lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 2.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物， share your ideas with friends 和你的朋友分享你的想法 3.almost几乎，差不多。①放在实义动词前，be动词后面。②放在形容词或副词前 4.at the end of + 名词，在......的尽头/末尾，后面如果没有名词不需要用of end的其他固定搭配：in the end最后，终于 by the end of...到......末为止，到......结束时 end up with以......告终 5.busy的用法：①be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 ②be busy with sth.忙于某事 6.no matter + 特殊疑问词= 特殊疑问词 + ever， 无论......，后接句子。用于强调某个决定或结果不受特定的人、事物、地点、时间、原因或方式的影响。 No matter where you are = Wherever you are 无论你在哪 7.ask的用法：①ask sb. to do sth. 要求/叫某人做某事 ②ask (sb.) for sth.向某人索取某物 ③ask (sb.) about sth.询问某人关于某事 8.for + 名词/代词/doing，为了......，表目的，强调是为了这件事情/人才去的某地或者做某事 9.look for 寻找。 look的常见短语： look after照顾 look at看 look through快速浏览 10.现在分词短语充当后置定语，修饰名词， the people living in the same area 11.on the first floor在一楼，具体到几楼和星期几都是用介词on 12.too young 太年轻，too放在形容词前面，意为“太”，放在肯定句末，意为“也” 13.choose to do sth.选择做某事 14.make的用法：①make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 ②make sb. + 形容词， 使某人...... 书面表达 美好的生活环境使人身心愉悦，你现在的生活环境是怎样的？你喜欢怎样的生活环境？请以“I Like Living in _________”为题，如：I Like Living in My Community/the City/the Countryside/an Apartment Building …，写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你居住的生活环境，以及你喜欢住在那里的原因。 要求：1. 补全题目； 2. 语言流畅，内容连贯，书写规范，卷面整洁； 3. 文中不能使用你的真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计； 4. 词数80个左右。 I Like Living in _________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I Like Living in My Community I live in an apartment building in the city. In our community, there are many people living here. There are many shops and restaurants here, and we can often go shopping and eat out with friends. There is a garden in our community, too. There are many kinds of flowers in it. The garden is very beautiful. In our free time, we can go to the garden to have a walk or do some sports. And my neighbors are very kind. We often help each other. I like living here very much. [写作分析] 1.题干解读：本文是一篇话题作文。首先补全题目，可以从My Community/the City/Countryside/an Apartment Building等里面选取一个，并根据题目介绍你居住的生活环境。 2.写作指导：本文以一般现在时行文；人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。写作时可以运用there be句型介绍生活环境，注意be动词的正确用法。确保语句通顺，逻辑清晰，无单词语法错误。 当堂训练 1、 单项选择。 1．We should sort the rubbish ________ it can be recycled easily. A．in order to B．so that C．while D．or 2．It’s warm in the room. You’d better take off your coat and _______ in the closet. A．hang it up B．hang up it C．hang up them D．hang them up 3．He arrived ________ Beijing ________ the evening of July 27th. A．in; at B．in; on C．at; in D．in; in 4．Don’t forget ________ the little boy ________ some salt to the noodles. A．to let, add B．let, add C．to let, to add D．let, to add 5．Jack was busy taking notes ________ Mr.Brown was giving a lesson. A．if B．while C．unless D．when 6．— ________ you go to see the movie Beyond the Clouds《我本是高山》 with me tonight? — Sorry, I can’t. I must finish my science report. A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Should 7．—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You ________ keep it for another two days. A．mustn’t; can B．needn’t; can C．don’t have to; must D．must; must 8．—Could I go swimming with my friends this afternoon? —Sorry, ________. It’s dangerous ________ on your own. A．you couldn’t; swimming B．you can’t; to swim C．you shouldn’t; swimming D．you needn’t; swim 9．—Teddy, don’t draw on the wall. It’s not a good behavior. — ______. A．Never mind B．Yes, I’d love to C．Sorry, I won’t D．Of course not 10．—________. — Yes, I want to buy some oranges. A．Can you help me? B．Excuse me. C．Can I help you? D．What do you want to buy? 1．B 【解析】句意：我们应该把垃圾分类，这样可以很容易地回收利用。 考查连词辨析。in order to为了（后加动词原形）；so that为了，以便于；while在……期间；or或者，否则。空格前后为两句话应使用连词连接，因而排除选项A，又根据“it can be recycled easily”可知此处是表达目的，垃圾分类是为了便于回收。故选B。 2．A 【解析】句意：房间里很暖和。你最好脱掉外套，把它挂在衣橱里。考查动词短语辨析题。动词短语接代词做宾语需将代词放在短语之间，可排除BC两项。your coat是单件物品，不可用them代替；根据句意语境，可知选A。 3．B 【解析】句意： 他于7月27日晚上到达北京。 考查动词短语和介词辨析。第一空是arrive+介词的用法，其中arrive in后加大地点，arrive at后跟小地点。Beijing是大地点，应用介词in，排除C；at后跟具体时刻；on后跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午和晚上；in后跟某年某月某季节。根据“the evening of July 27th”可知，具体到某一天的晚上，应用介词on。故选B。 4．A 【解析】句意：别忘了让小男孩在面条里加点盐。 考查非谓语。forget to do sth“忘记做某事”，是固定搭配，第一空填to let，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，是固定搭配，第二空填动词原形add“添加”，故选A。 5．B 【解析】句意：布朗先生上课的时候，杰克正忙着记笔记。    考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；while当……时，引导时间状语从句，强调主从句动作同时发生，且从句中常用延续性动词；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；when当……时，引导时间状语从句，可表示瞬间或延续性动作，但更侧重某个时间点。 句中“杰克记笔记”与“布朗先生上课”为同时进行的延续性动作，需用while连接，故选B。 6．C 【解析】句意：——你今晚能和我一起去看电影《我本是高山》吗？——对不起，我不能。我必须完成我的科学报告。 考查情态动词的用法。Must必须；Need需要；Can能够；Should应该。根据答语“Sorry, I can’t.”可知，说话人希望邀请对方一起去看电影，因此应用“Can”表示请求或建议。故选C。 7．B 【解析】句意：——我明天必须还书吗？——不，你不必。你可以再保留两天。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；can可以；needn’t不必；don’t have to不必；must必须。以“Must I”开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to. 第二空表示“可以”再保留两天。故选B。 8．B 【解析】句意：——今天下午我可以和朋友们去游泳吗？——抱歉，你不能去。独自游泳很危险。 考查情态动词和非谓语动词。根据“Could I go swimming with my friends this afternoon?”可知，这里的“could”表示委婉请求，其肯定回答常用“Yes, you can.”，否定回答常用“No, you can’t.”。故一空应用you can’t；根据“It’s dangerous...on your own.”可知，此处为“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”的句型，意为“做某事是……的”，此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 9．C 【解析】句意：——Teddy，别在墙上画画。这不是一个好的行为。——对不起，我不会画了。 考查情景交际。Never mind没关系，不要紧；Yes, I’d love to是的，我很乐意；Sorry, I won’t对不起，我不会了；Of course not当然不是。当别人禁止你做某事时，礼貌地回答应该是对不起，我不会这样做了。故选C。 10．C 【解析】句意：——我能帮你吗？——是的，我想买一些橙子。 考查情景交际。Can you help me你能帮助我吗；Excuse me打扰一下；Can I help you我能帮助你吗；What do you want to buy你想要买什么。根据“Yes, I want to buy some oranges”可知，此处为购物场景，要求要有礼貌，应是询问对方是否需要帮助，C项符合。故选C。 2、 根据所给汉语和句意完成填空。 1．He is p his luggage (行李), he will go to Shanghai on business soon. 【答案】(p)acking 【详解】句意：他正在收拾行李，他很快要去上海出差。根据“he will go to Shanghai on business soon”可知，此处表示“他正在收拾行李”，pack收拾，动词，根据“is”可知，此处用现在进行时，其结构为be doing的形式，故填(p)acking。 2．When my brother is free, he often h out with his friends. 【答案】(h)angs 【详解】句意：我弟弟有空的时候，他经常和朋友出去玩。根据“my brother is free...he often...out with his friends”可知，此处指的是“他经常和朋友一起出去玩”，hang out“出外玩”，句子用一般现在时，主语是he，动词用三单形式，故填(h)angs。 3．Could I b your dictionary to look up a new word? 【答案】(b)orrow 【详解】句意：我可以借你的字典查一个新单词吗？根据“Could I…your dictionary to look up a new word?”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处为想要借用对方的字典查单词，borrow“借”符合，根据空前的“Could”可知，此处用动词原形。故填(b)orrow。 4．Lily often (借出) a helping hand to people in need. 【答案】lends 【详解】句意：莉莉经常向有需要的人伸出援助之手。“借出”用“lend”，此句是一般现在时，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。“lend a helping hand to sb.”表示“向某人伸出援助之手”，“lend”在句中作谓语，因为主语是第三人称单数，所以动词要加-s ，变为lends。故填lends。 5．You need to (浇水) the flowers twice a month. 【答案】water 【详解】句意：你需要每月给花浇水两次。浇水：water，need to do sth.“需要做某事”。故填water。 6．Could you please (打扫) the floor? It’s very dirty. 【答案】sweep 【详解】句意：你能扫一下地吗？它很脏。sweep“打扫”，动词，句子是一般疑问句，句首有助动词could，句中谓语动词用原形，故填sweep。 7．Try to make n (笔记) in class and go over them after class. 【答案】(n)otes 【详解】句意：尽量在课堂上做笔记，并在课后复习它们。根据中文提示和首字母，notes“笔记”符合语境，为可数名词，结合后文的“and go over them”可知，此处填复数形式。故填(n)otes。 8．Why don’t you (邀请) your friends to our home for dinner tonight, Simon? 【答案】invite 【详解】句意：西蒙，今晚你为什么不邀请你的朋友来我们家吃饭呢？invite“邀请”，动词，助动词don’t后接动词原形。故填invite。 9．There are many (财富，财宝) in the museum. It is worth visiting again. 【答案】treasures 【详解】句意：博物馆里有许多珍宝。它值得再次参观。结合句意和汉语提示可知，treasure“珍宝；财宝；财富”，可数名词；根据空前“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式treasures作主语。故填treasures。 10．The hunters are (搜寻) for a bear. 【答案】hunting 【详解】句意：猎人们正在追捕一只熊。“搜寻，猎取”hunt for，且由空前“are”可知，是现在进行时，所以用现在分词形式。故填hunting。 三、根据句意提示，填写出单词的适当形式。 1．The old man was found (die) in the bedroom the next day. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：第二天，老人被发现死在了卧室里。“find sb./sth.+形容词”是常用结构，表示“发现某人/某物处于某种状态”；die是动词，意为“死亡”，其形容词形式是dead，表示“死的；失去生命的”，用来描述老人被发现时的状态，故填dead。 2．My uncle lives in a big flat with two (balcony). 【答案】balconies 【详解】句意：我叔叔住在一个带有两个阳台的大公寓里。two修饰可数名词balcony的复数形式。故填balconies。 3．Not only his parents but also he (plan) to take a course in AI next month. 【答案】plans 【详解】句意：不仅是他的父母，他也计划下个月参加人工智能课程。分析句子结构可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时；Not only … but also…“不仅……而且……”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”；主语“he”为第三人称单数，谓语动词plan应用三单形式plans。故填plans。 4．You must be (care) when you cross the road. 【答案】careful 【详解】句意：当你过马路时必须要当心。根据“You must be ... when you cross the road.”可知，此处要用形容词；care的形容词为careful“小心的”，be careful“当心”，固定表达。故填careful。 5．We all know that J. K. Rowling is the (write) of Harry Potter. 【答案】writer 【详解】句意：我们都知道J. K .罗琳是《哈利·波特》的作者。根据“We all know that J. K. Rowling is the…of Harry Potter.”可知，此处指的是作者，writer意为“作者”名词作表语。故填writer。 四、 按要求改写句子。 1．我可以借些钱吗？ Could I money? 2.时，他可能会发生任何不寻常的事。 him at that moment. 3.告诉我怎样使用这台机器吗？ Could you me this machine? 4上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 5他收拾行李时，让我们等了很长时间。 He kept us    a long time when he packed his luggage. 6下课后去购物怎么样? shopping after class? 7我们可以从校图书馆借书。 We can books the school library. 1． borrow some 【解析】根据中英文对照，可知英文句中缺少“借些”部分；英语中表示“借入”，用动词borrow，因为句首“Could”，应用动词原形；句子是委婉语气，some“一些”，既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词，故填borrow；some。 2 Anything unusual could happen to 【解析】anything unusual“任何不寻常的事”，形容词修饰不定代词要后置；could“可能”；happen to sb“某事发生在某人身上”；故填Anything；unusual；could；happen；to。 3 tell how to use 【解析】tell“告诉”，could“能够”，为情态动词，后跟动词原形，因此此处填原形tell；how to use“如何使用”。故填tell；how；to； use。 4 was invited 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“被邀请”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，主语“Li Hua”和动词“invite”是被动关系；又根据“Last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以这里是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done；主语为“Li Hua”，be动词用was，动词invite的过去分词为invited。故填was；invited。 5 waiting for 【解析】根据所给汉语意思可知，应该填的是“等”，wait for意为“等候”，keep sb doing sth意为“让某人一直做某事”可知，空缺处应该用现在分词作宾补，wait的现在分词是waiting，故填waiting；for。 6 What/How about going 【解析】……怎么样？：What about doing sth？= How about doing sth？购物：go shopping，此处用going。故填What/How；about；going。 7 borrow from 【解析】borrow...from...“从……借……”，情态动词can后用动词原形，故填borrow；from。 五、补全对话（七选五）。 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理、意思完整。一空一句。 Rose: Ann, could you please get me some water? Ann: Sure. What are you doing now? Rose: 1 Ann: Do you like it? Rose: 2 It’s too boring, but I have to do it. How about you? Ann: I hate sweeping the floor, too, but I like other chores. Rose: Really? 3 Ann: I like to make the bed and water the flowers. Rose: 4 Ann: Yes. I think it’s relaxing. And you? Rose: I agree. 5 A．I often help my mother do the dishes. B．Do you like doing the dishes? C．What do you want to do? D．No, not really. E．I’m sweeping the floor. F．It’s very boring. G．What chores do you like? 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一段谈论对做家务的看法的对话。 1．根据“What are you doing now?”可知，Rose需回答当前动作，选项E“我在扫地。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“Do you like it?”可知，Ann问Rose是否喜欢扫地，后文提到“It’s too boring”表明否定，选项D“不，不太喜欢。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“I like to make the bed and water the flowers.”可知，此处需询问具体喜欢的家务，选项G“你喜欢做什么家务？”符合语境。故选G。 4．根据“Yes. I think it’s relaxing.”可知，设空处应该为一般疑问句，且是问的喜欢某种家务吗，选项B“你喜欢洗碗吗？”符合语境。故选B。 5．根据“I think it’s relaxing. And you?”以及“I agree.”可知，Rose同意洗碗很放松，并补充自己的行为，选项A“我经常帮妈妈洗碗。”符合语境。故选A。 七．阅读理解。 Two years ago I left college and went back to work as a bank clerk in my hometown. I lived with my parents in a flat. But the flat has only two rooms and it was not big enough for us to live together any more. So last month we spent all our money buying a new apartment. It is very beautiful. Now let me tell you something about it. Our apartment is not in the center of the city. It is 20 miles from the center. But different buses and undergrounds can take us to different places at any time. And we don’t have any traffic jam (堵塞). Our apartment is on the fifth floor of a tall building. The building has 32 floors in all. There are three bedrooms in our apartment, one for my mother and father, one for me and the other for the guests who come to visit us. There is a living-room, a kitchen and a bathroom in our apartment. When you step into our apartment, you can see a wooden sofa, a tea table, a big Sony TV in the living room. We do not have a garden, but there is a small balcony outside the living room, a place for us to plant flowers and hang up our wet clothes. There are some plants on the balcony. In summer we can sit on the balcony to feel the cool wind because it gets hot inside the apartment. I love our apartment. We’ll try our best to make it a comfortable place to live in. 1．Now the writer is a _________ for two years. A．college teacher B．bank clerk C．bus driver D．banker 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It’s not easy to get anywhere from the new apartment. B．The writer’s family doesn’t have enough money to buy another apartment now. C．The writer’s family lives on the 32nd floor of a tall building. D．The old flat is bigger than the new apartment. 3．You can see the following things in the living room but not ________. A．a sofa B．a tea table C．a big Sony TV D．a telephone 4．The underlined word “balcony” in the passage means? A．阳台 B．杂物房 C．书房 D．饭厅 5．What’s the main idea for this passage? A．I like living in the center of the city. B．I live with my family in an apartment C．I love my new apartment. D．There are many things in my apartment. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者的新公寓里的布局及作者住到新公寓里的感受。 1．细节理解题。根据“Two years ago I left college and went back to work as a bank clerk in my hometown.”可知，两年前我大学毕业，回到家乡当银行职员。可知，作者现在就是银行职员。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“So last month we spent all our money buying a new apartment.”可知，上个月，作者已经花光了所有钱买了一个新公寓，由此可知，现在他们肯定没有足够的钱再买一个。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you step into our apartment, you can see a wooden sofa, a tea table, a big Sony TV in the living room.”可知，当你进入作者公寓时，可以看到客厅里有一张木制沙发，一张茶几，一个很大的索尼电视机，唯独没有说到电话。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“There are some plants on the balcony.”可知，有种植物的地方应该是阳台，因此balcony应是指“阳台”。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据结尾“I love our apartment.”可知，文章介绍作者家的新公寓，并抒发了对这个公寓的喜爱。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$