Unit 2 Making a Difference（知识清单）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Making a Difference 单词 1. develop：v. 发展，开发 2. contact：v. 与……联系 3. victim：n. 受害者 4. nutrition：n. 营养 5. locate：v. 确定位置 6. shelter：n. 居所，避难所 7. identity：n. 身份 8. nominate：v. 提名 9. preserve：v. 保存 10. predict：v. 预测 11. threat：n. 威胁 12. inform：v. 通知 13. antique：n. 古董 14. responsibility：n. 责任 15. signal：n. 信号；v. 示意 16. advocate：n. 提倡者；v. 提倡 17. facility：n. 设施 18. ban：v. 禁止 19. exploit：v. 剥削；运用 20. conserve：v. 保护，保存 短语 1. be in contact with：与……保持联系 2. fall victim to：成为……的受害者 3. come to an end：结束 4. be located in：坐落于 5. take shelter from：躲避 6. pose a threat to：威胁…… 7. inform sb. of sth.：通知某人某事 8. take responsibility for：承担……责任 9. make up for：弥补 10. live in harmony with：与……和谐共处 熟词生义 1. contact：常见义为“联系”，还可作名词表示“熟人，社会关系”，如“have good contacts”（有广泛的人脉）。 2. signal：常见义为“信号”，作动词时可表示“示意，表明”，如“He signaled that he was ready to leave.”（他示意准备好离开了）。 3. ban：常见义为“禁止”，还可作名词表示“禁令”，如“a ban on smoking”（禁烟令）。 句型 1. It is crucial that sb. do sth.：某人做某事很重要，如“It is crucial that we take action to protect the environment.” 2. be convinced that...：确信……，如“I am convinced that we can make a difference.” 3. suggest that sb. (should) do sth.：建议某人做某事，如“Our teacher suggested that we (should) do more reading.” 4. as long as...：只要……，如“As long as we work hard, we can achieve our goals.” 5. from my perspective：在我看来，如“From my perspective, this plan is quite feasible.” 语法 本单元核心语法是虚拟语气。主要涉及在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词（如suggest, propose, demand, order等）后的宾语从句中，要用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟形式。同时，还包括在“It is important/crucial/necessary... that...”等句型中，that从句也常用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”结构，用来表达建议、重要性等含义。 一、词汇清单 1. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ • 教材原句：The Carterets are the victim of global warming. • 用法搭配：fall victim to（成为……的受害者），be the victim of（是……的受害者）。 • 写作佳句：Many small - town businesses have fallen victim to the economic crisis. 2. overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ • 教材原句：Saltwater from the sea is overflowing into vegetable gardens and destroying fruit trees. • 用法搭配：overflow into（流入，涌入），overflow with（充满）。 • 写作佳句：The river overflowed into the fields, causing great damage to the crops. 3. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ • 教材原句：Experts predict that the Carterets will be underwater in the not - so - distant future. • 用法搭配：predict sth.（预测某事），predict that...（预测……）。 • 写作佳句：Scientists predict that sea - level will continue to rise in the coming decades. 4. distant /ˈdɪstənt/ • 教材原句：Experts predict that the Carterets will be underwater in the not - so - distant future. • 用法搭配：in the distant future（在遥远的未来），be distant from（与……相距远）。 • 写作佳句：We should consider the environmental problems in the distant future. 5. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ • 教材原句：This move will provide people with food and shelter. • 用法搭配：take shelter from（躲避……），provide shelter for（为……提供庇护所）。 • 写作佳句：The cave provided shelter for the hikers during the storm. 6. nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ • 教材原句：In recent years,...an Oscar - nominated documentary film called Sun Come Up have talked about the Carteret Islands. • 用法搭配：be nominated as（被提名为），be nominated for（因……获得提名）。 • 写作佳句：She was nominated for an Academy Award for her outstanding performance. 7. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ • 教材原句：People are also looking for ways to preserve the islanders’ way of life and record their language and traditions for future generations. • 用法搭配：preserve sth. (for sb./sth.)（为……保存某物），preserve from（保护……免受）。 • 写作佳句：We should take measures to preserve the ancient buildings from being damaged. 8. threaten /ˈθretn/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有环境问题等相关内容可涉及该词，如全球变暖威胁岛屿生存等情境） • 用法搭配：threaten sb. with（用……威胁某人），be threatened with（受到……威胁），pose a threat to（对……构成威胁）。 • 写作佳句：Pollution is threatening the survival of many species. 9. inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ • 教材原句：无（单元可从呼吁外界关注岛屿问题，信息传达角度涉及） • 用法搭配：inform sb. of sth.（通知某人某事），be informed of（得知，获悉）。 • 写作佳句：Please inform me of any changes in the schedule. 10. responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ • 教材原句：无（从保护岛屿文化等角度可涉及责任相关） • 用法搭配：take responsibility for（对……承担责任），have a responsibility to do（有责任做……）。 • 写作佳句：We all have a responsibility to protect the environment. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：The small village is threatened ______ floods every year. 题目2：He was nominated ______ the best actor award for his excellent performance. 题目3：Parents should take responsibility ______ educating their children. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. Don't phone him between 5 pm and 6 pm. He'll be having a meeting then.（五点至六点之间不要给他打电话，那时他在开会。） 2. When I get home, my wife will probably be doing cooking.（当我到家时，我太太可能正在做饭。） 3. The train won't be leaving until one o'clock.（火车一点钟才开。） 4. We shall be going to London next week.（下周我们要去伦敦。） 5. Will you be needing anything else?（你还需要别的什么吗？） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 定义 表示将来某一特定时间正在进行的动作，或将来一段时间内持续进行的动作，侧重动作的“持续性”和“场景画面感”，无明显感情色彩。 2. 基本结构 • 肯定式：主语 + will be + 动词-ing形式（主语为I/we时，will可换为shall，日常更常用will） • 否定式：主语 + will not（won’t）be + 动词-ing形式 • 疑问式：Will + 主语 + be + 动词-ing形式？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语+will；否定回答：No, 主语+won’t） 3. 核心用法（3大场景，配例句） 1. 将来特定时间正在做的事（常接具体时间状语，如at 8 o’clock tomorrow, this time next week） ◦ I will be having an English class at 9 a.m. tomorrow.（明天上午9点我正在上英语课。） 2. 将来一段时间内持续进行的事（无具体时间点，但覆盖未来某段区间） ◦ She will be studying abroad for 3 years.（她将在国外留学3年。） 3. 礼貌询问或预测未来的动作（比一般将来时更委婉，避免生硬） ◦ Will you be using the computer this afternoon?（你今天下午要用电脑吗？） 4. 易混辨析（vs一般将来时will do） • 将来进行时（will be doing）：侧重动作正在进行、持续发生，强调过程； • 一般将来时（will do）：侧重动作发生的事实、意愿或计划结果，强调结果。 • 例句对比： ◦ He will finish his homework tomorrow.（他明天会完成作业。→ 强调“完成”的结果） ◦ He will be finishing his homework at 7 p.m. tomorrow.（他明天晚上7点正在写作业。→ 强调“写作业”的过程） 【经典练】　 1. This time next month, I ________ (travel) around Europe with my family. 2. Don’t call me at 10 o’clock tonight—I ________ (prepare) for the final exam. 3. The company ________ (launch) a new product next quarter, so all staff are busy now. 4. —Will you ________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow morning? —Yes, I will be there on time. 5. By the time you arrive home, your mom ________ (cook) dinner in the kitchen. 6. Over the next few years, more schools ________ (build) in our city to meet the needs of students. 7. I ________ (not watch) TV this evening; I plan to read a novel. 8. —What ________ you ________ (do) this weekend? —I will be helping my dad repair the car. 9. In 2030, many people ________ (work) from home instead of going to the office. 10. The concert ________ (start) at 7:30 p.m., and we will be listening to the first song then. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 明确文体特点：本单元写作常涉及人物传记、议论文等。写人物传记，要按时间顺序，清晰展现人物生平重大事件、成就及对社会的影响。比如写袁隆平的传记，可从他的求学经历讲起，到研究杂交水稻的关键阶段，再到成果对全球粮食安全的贡献。写议论文，像论述“个人对社会产生积极影响”，需观点明确，论据充分，运用举例、对比等论证方法。 2. 构建清晰结构： ◦ 人物传记：开头简要介绍人物基本信息，如出生时间、地点、身份等，“Marie Curie, born in Warsaw in 1867, was a world - renowned physicist and chemist” 。中间按时间线叙述主要事迹，“In 1898, she and her husband Pierre Curie discovered radium, which opened a new era in the study of radioactivity” 。结尾总结人物的历史地位和影响，“Marie Curie's contributions not only revolutionized the field of science but also inspired generations of women to pursue careers in STEM” 。 ◦ 议论文：采用“提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题”结构。开篇提出论点，如“Everyone can make a difference to society, no matter how small their actions may seem” 。中间通过举例、讲道理等方式论证，“For example, Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan environmentalist, founded the Green Belt Movement. By encouraging women to plant trees, she not only improved the environment but also empowered local communities” 。结尾重申观点，提出呼吁或建议，“In conclusion, we should all take action, no matter how insignificant it may appear, to contribute to a better society” 。 3. 丰富细节与事例：写作时多运用具体事例和细节支撑观点。写人物传记，描述人物性格特点，“Mother Teresa was known for her selfless devotion to helping the poor. She spent her life in the slums of Kolkata, India, providing food, shelter, and medical care to those in need. Her kind smile and gentle touch brought hope to countless lives” 。议论文中，为证明个人对社会的影响，“Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani activist, risked her life to advocate for girls' education. Her courage inspired a global movement, and eventually, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate” 。 4. 运用多样语言： ◦ 词汇：积累描述人物品质、成就和社会影响的词汇，如outstanding（杰出的）、remarkable（卓越的）、make an impact（产生影响）、contribute significantly to（对……做出重大贡献）等。用这些替换常见词汇，提升文章表现力。 ◦ 句式：运用定语从句丰富信息，“Nelson Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison, became a symbol of freedom and equality” 。使用强调句突出重点，“It was his unwavering belief in justice that led Mandela to fight against apartheid” 。还可运用倒装句，“Not only did Mandela's actions change South Africa, but they also inspired people around the world” 。 5. 检查与修改：完成初稿后，仔细检查语法错误，如主谓一致（He makes a difference而不是He make a difference ）、时态（人物传记多用一般过去时，议论文根据语境选时态）；检查词汇拼写，如“contribution”不要错写成“contributation”；检查逻辑连贯性，确保段落衔接自然，可使用“moreover”“however”“therefore”等连接词。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 描述人物品质：selfless（无私的），determined（坚定的），ambitious（有抱负的），courageous（勇敢的），compassionate（富有同情心的），persistent（坚持不懈的） ◦ 描述成就：accomplishment（成就），achievement（成果），breakthrough（突破），milestone（里程碑），triumph（胜利） ◦ 描述影响：influence（影响），impact（冲击，影响），transform（改变），revolutionize（彻底改革），inspire（鼓舞） 2. 短语： ◦ 对……有积极影响：have a positive impact on，exert a positive influence on ◦ 为……做出贡献：make contributions to，contribute to ◦ 在……方面取得突破：make a breakthrough in ◦ 以……而闻名：be famous/well - known for ◦ 致力于：be committed to，devote oneself to 3. 句式： ◦ It is + adj. + that...：It is remarkable that Steve Jobs revolutionized the technology industry with his innovative ideas（史蒂夫·乔布斯以其创新理念彻底改变了科技行业，这非常了不起） 。 ◦ As is known to all,...：As is known to all, Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great painter but also a brilliant inventor（众所周知，列奥纳多·达·芬奇不仅是一位伟大的画家，还是一位杰出的发明家） 。 ◦ The reason why... is that...：The reason why Martin Luther King Jr. is highly respected is that he fought for racial equality through non - violent means（小马丁·路德·金备受尊敬的原因是他通过非暴力手段为种族平等而战） 。 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write a biographical essay about a person who has made a significant difference to society.（写一篇关于对社会产生重大影响的人物的传记文章。） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Making a Difference 单词 1. develop：v. 发展，开发 2. contact：v. 与……联系 3. victim：n. 受害者 4. nutrition：n. 营养 5. locate：v. 确定位置 6. shelter：n. 居所，避难所 7. identity：n. 身份 8. nominate：v. 提名 9. preserve：v. 保存 10. predict：v. 预测 11. threat：n. 威胁 12. inform：v. 通知 13. antique：n. 古董 14. responsibility：n. 责任 15. signal：n. 信号；v. 示意 16. advocate：n. 提倡者；v. 提倡 17. facility：n. 设施 18. ban：v. 禁止 19. exploit：v. 剥削；运用 20. conserve：v. 保护，保存 短语 1. be in contact with：与……保持联系 2. fall victim to：成为……的受害者 3. come to an end：结束 4. be located in：坐落于 5. take shelter from：躲避 6. pose a threat to：威胁…… 7. inform sb. of sth.：通知某人某事 8. take responsibility for：承担……责任 9. make up for：弥补 10. live in harmony with：与……和谐共处 熟词生义 1. contact：常见义为“联系”，还可作名词表示“熟人，社会关系”，如“have good contacts”（有广泛的人脉）。 2. signal：常见义为“信号”，作动词时可表示“示意，表明”，如“He signaled that he was ready to leave.”（他示意准备好离开了）。 3. ban：常见义为“禁止”，还可作名词表示“禁令”，如“a ban on smoking”（禁烟令）。 句型 1. It is crucial that sb. do sth.：某人做某事很重要，如“It is crucial that we take action to protect the environment.” 2. be convinced that...：确信……，如“I am convinced that we can make a difference.” 3. suggest that sb. (should) do sth.：建议某人做某事，如“Our teacher suggested that we (should) do more reading.” 4. as long as...：只要……，如“As long as we work hard, we can achieve our goals.” 5. from my perspective：在我看来，如“From my perspective, this plan is quite feasible.” 语法 本单元核心语法是虚拟语气。主要涉及在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词（如suggest, propose, demand, order等）后的宾语从句中，要用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟形式。同时，还包括在“It is important/crucial/necessary... that...”等句型中，that从句也常用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”结构，用来表达建议、重要性等含义。 一、词汇清单 1. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ • 教材原句：The Carterets are the victim of global warming. • 用法搭配：fall victim to（成为……的受害者），be the victim of（是……的受害者）。 • 写作佳句：Many small - town businesses have fallen victim to the economic crisis. 2. overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ • 教材原句：Saltwater from the sea is overflowing into vegetable gardens and destroying fruit trees. • 用法搭配：overflow into（流入，涌入），overflow with（充满）。 • 写作佳句：The river overflowed into the fields, causing great damage to the crops. 3. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ • 教材原句：Experts predict that the Carterets will be underwater in the not - so - distant future. • 用法搭配：predict sth.（预测某事），predict that...（预测……）。 • 写作佳句：Scientists predict that sea - level will continue to rise in the coming decades. 4. distant /ˈdɪstənt/ • 教材原句：Experts predict that the Carterets will be underwater in the not - so - distant future. • 用法搭配：in the distant future（在遥远的未来），be distant from（与……相距远）。 • 写作佳句：We should consider the environmental problems in the distant future. 5. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ • 教材原句：This move will provide people with food and shelter. • 用法搭配：take shelter from（躲避……），provide shelter for（为……提供庇护所）。 • 写作佳句：The cave provided shelter for the hikers during the storm. 6. nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ • 教材原句：In recent years,...an Oscar - nominated documentary film called Sun Come Up have talked about the Carteret Islands. • 用法搭配：be nominated as（被提名为），be nominated for（因……获得提名）。 • 写作佳句：She was nominated for an Academy Award for her outstanding performance. 7. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ • 教材原句：People are also looking for ways to preserve the islanders’ way of life and record their language and traditions for future generations. • 用法搭配：preserve sth. (for sb./sth.)（为……保存某物），preserve from（保护……免受）。 • 写作佳句：We should take measures to preserve the ancient buildings from being damaged. 8. threaten /ˈθretn/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有环境问题等相关内容可涉及该词，如全球变暖威胁岛屿生存等情境） • 用法搭配：threaten sb. with（用……威胁某人），be threatened with（受到……威胁），pose a threat to（对……构成威胁）。 • 写作佳句：Pollution is threatening the survival of many species. 9. inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ • 教材原句：无（单元可从呼吁外界关注岛屿问题，信息传达角度涉及） • 用法搭配：inform sb. of sth.（通知某人某事），be informed of（得知，获悉）。 • 写作佳句：Please inform me of any changes in the schedule. 10. responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ • 教材原句：无（从保护岛屿文化等角度可涉及责任相关） • 用法搭配：take responsibility for（对……承担责任），have a responsibility to do（有责任做……）。 • 写作佳句：We all have a responsibility to protect the environment. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：The small village is threatened ______ floods every year. 答案：with。 • 解析：be threatened with为固定搭配，意为“受到……威胁”，这里表示村庄每年受到洪水威胁，故填with。 题目2：He was nominated ______ the best actor award for his excellent performance. 答案：for。 • 解析：be nominated for是固定用法，表示“因……获得提名”，此处指因出色表演获得最佳男演员奖提名，所以填for。 题目3：Parents should take responsibility ______ educating their children. 答案：for。 • 解析：take responsibility for为固定短语，意思是“对……承担责任”，这里指父母应对教育孩子负责，因此填for。 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. Don't phone him between 5 pm and 6 pm. He'll be having a meeting then.（五点至六点之间不要给他打电话，那时他在开会。） 2. When I get home, my wife will probably be doing cooking.（当我到家时，我太太可能正在做饭。） 3. The train won't be leaving until one o'clock.（火车一点钟才开。） 4. We shall be going to London next week.（下周我们要去伦敦。） 5. Will you be needing anything else?（你还需要别的什么吗？） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 定义 表示将来某一特定时间正在进行的动作，或将来一段时间内持续进行的动作，侧重动作的“持续性”和“场景画面感”，无明显感情色彩。 2. 基本结构 • 肯定式：主语 + will be + 动词-ing形式（主语为I/we时，will可换为shall，日常更常用will） • 否定式：主语 + will not（won’t）be + 动词-ing形式 • 疑问式：Will + 主语 + be + 动词-ing形式？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语+will；否定回答：No, 主语+won’t） 3. 核心用法（3大场景，配例句） 1. 将来特定时间正在做的事（常接具体时间状语，如at 8 o’clock tomorrow, this time next week） ◦ I will be having an English class at 9 a.m. tomorrow.（明天上午9点我正在上英语课。） 2. 将来一段时间内持续进行的事（无具体时间点，但覆盖未来某段区间） ◦ She will be studying abroad for 3 years.（她将在国外留学3年。） 3. 礼貌询问或预测未来的动作（比一般将来时更委婉，避免生硬） ◦ Will you be using the computer this afternoon?（你今天下午要用电脑吗？） 4. 易混辨析（vs一般将来时will do） • 将来进行时（will be doing）：侧重动作正在进行、持续发生，强调过程； • 一般将来时（will do）：侧重动作发生的事实、意愿或计划结果，强调结果。 • 例句对比： ◦ He will finish his homework tomorrow.（他明天会完成作业。→ 强调“完成”的结果） ◦ He will be finishing his homework at 7 p.m. tomorrow.（他明天晚上7点正在写作业。→ 强调“写作业”的过程） 【经典练】　 1. This time next month, I ________ (travel) around Europe with my family. 2. Don’t call me at 10 o’clock tonight—I ________ (prepare) for the final exam. 3. The company ________ (launch) a new product next quarter, so all staff are busy now. 4. —Will you ________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow morning? —Yes, I will be there on time. 5. By the time you arrive home, your mom ________ (cook) dinner in the kitchen. 6. Over the next few years, more schools ________ (build) in our city to meet the needs of students. 7. I ________ (not watch) TV this evening; I plan to read a novel. 8. —What ________ you ________ (do) this weekend? —I will be helping my dad repair the car. 9. In 2030, many people ________ (work) from home instead of going to the office. 10. The concert ________ (start) at 7:30 p.m., and we will be listening to the first song then. 答案： 1. will be traveling 解析：时间状语this time next month（下个月这个时候），表示将来特定时间正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。 2. will be preparing 解析：前半句提示“今晚10点别打电话”，说明此时正在做某事，用将来进行时，体现动作的持续性。 3. will be launching 解析：时间状语next quarter（下个季度），且后半句“所有员工现在很忙”，暗示动作在未来一段时间持续进行，用将来进行时。 4. be attending 解析：一般疑问句结构为Will + 主语 + be + 动词-ing，此处attend用-ing形式，故填be attending。 5. will be cooking 解析：by the time引导时间状语从句（一般现在时表将来），主句表示“你到家时，妈妈正在做饭”，用将来进行时。 6. will be built 解析：主语more schools与build为被动关系，且时间状语over the next few years（未来几年）表持续区间，用将来进行时的被动语态（will be + 过去分词）。 7. won’t be watching 解析：后半句“计划读小说”，说明今晚不会看电视，且强调“今晚这段时间不进行看电视的动作”，用将来进行时的否定式。 8. will; be doing 解析：答句用will be helping，问句对应询问未来动作，用将来进行时的疑问结构（What will + 主语 + be + 动词-ing）。 9. will be working 解析：时间状语in 2030（未来时间），且动作“居家办公”为未来持续发生的事，用将来进行时。 10. will be starting 解析：后半句“那时我们正在听第一首歌”，说明7点半音乐会正在开始，用将来进行时体现动作的进行状态。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 明确文体特点：本单元写作常涉及人物传记、议论文等。写人物传记，要按时间顺序，清晰展现人物生平重大事件、成就及对社会的影响。比如写袁隆平的传记，可从他的求学经历讲起，到研究杂交水稻的关键阶段，再到成果对全球粮食安全的贡献。写议论文，像论述“个人对社会产生积极影响”，需观点明确，论据充分，运用举例、对比等论证方法。 2. 构建清晰结构： ◦ 人物传记：开头简要介绍人物基本信息，如出生时间、地点、身份等，“Marie Curie, born in Warsaw in 1867, was a world - renowned physicist and chemist” 。中间按时间线叙述主要事迹，“In 1898, she and her husband Pierre Curie discovered radium, which opened a new era in the study of radioactivity” 。结尾总结人物的历史地位和影响，“Marie Curie's contributions not only revolutionized the field of science but also inspired generations of women to pursue careers in STEM” 。 ◦ 议论文：采用“提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题”结构。开篇提出论点，如“Everyone can make a difference to society, no matter how small their actions may seem” 。中间通过举例、讲道理等方式论证，“For example, Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan environmentalist, founded the Green Belt Movement. By encouraging women to plant trees, she not only improved the environment but also empowered local communities” 。结尾重申观点，提出呼吁或建议，“In conclusion, we should all take action, no matter how insignificant it may appear, to contribute to a better society” 。 3. 丰富细节与事例：写作时多运用具体事例和细节支撑观点。写人物传记，描述人物性格特点，“Mother Teresa was known for her selfless devotion to helping the poor. She spent her life in the slums of Kolkata, India, providing food, shelter, and medical care to those in need. Her kind smile and gentle touch brought hope to countless lives” 。议论文中，为证明个人对社会的影响，“Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani activist, risked her life to advocate for girls' education. Her courage inspired a global movement, and eventually, she became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate” 。 4. 运用多样语言： ◦ 词汇：积累描述人物品质、成就和社会影响的词汇，如outstanding（杰出的）、remarkable（卓越的）、make an impact（产生影响）、contribute significantly to（对……做出重大贡献）等。用这些替换常见词汇，提升文章表现力。 ◦ 句式：运用定语从句丰富信息，“Nelson Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison, became a symbol of freedom and equality” 。使用强调句突出重点，“It was his unwavering belief in justice that led Mandela to fight against apartheid” 。还可运用倒装句，“Not only did Mandela's actions change South Africa, but they also inspired people around the world” 。 5. 检查与修改：完成初稿后，仔细检查语法错误，如主谓一致（He makes a difference而不是He make a difference ）、时态（人物传记多用一般过去时，议论文根据语境选时态）；检查词汇拼写，如“contribution”不要错写成“contributation”；检查逻辑连贯性，确保段落衔接自然，可使用“moreover”“however”“therefore”等连接词。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 描述人物品质：selfless（无私的），determined（坚定的），ambitious（有抱负的），courageous（勇敢的），compassionate（富有同情心的），persistent（坚持不懈的） ◦ 描述成就：accomplishment（成就），achievement（成果），breakthrough（突破），milestone（里程碑），triumph（胜利） ◦ 描述影响：influence（影响），impact（冲击，影响），transform（改变），revolutionize（彻底改革），inspire（鼓舞） 2. 短语： ◦ 对……有积极影响：have a positive impact on，exert a positive influence on ◦ 为……做出贡献：make contributions to，contribute to ◦ 在……方面取得突破：make a breakthrough in ◦ 以……而闻名：be famous/well - known for ◦ 致力于：be committed to，devote oneself to 3. 句式： ◦ It is + adj. + that...：It is remarkable that Steve Jobs revolutionized the technology industry with his innovative ideas（史蒂夫·乔布斯以其创新理念彻底改变了科技行业，这非常了不起） 。 ◦ As is known to all,...：As is known to all, Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great painter but also a brilliant inventor（众所周知，列奥纳多·达·芬奇不仅是一位伟大的画家，还是一位杰出的发明家） 。 ◦ The reason why... is that...：The reason why Martin Luther King Jr. is highly respected is that he fought for racial equality through non - violent means（小马丁·路德·金备受尊敬的原因是他通过非暴力手段为种族平等而战） 。 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write a biographical essay about a person who has made a significant difference to society.（写一篇关于对社会产生重大影响的人物的传记文章。） 【答案】 写作思路： 1. 开头：引出人物，介绍基本信息 。“Steve Jobs, one of the most influential figures in the modern technology world, was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. From a young age, he showed a keen interest in electronics and innovation” 。 2. 中间 - 生平事迹部分：按时间顺序叙述重要阶段和成就 。“In 1976, Jobs, along with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, founded Apple Computer Company. Their first product, the Apple I, was a revolutionary personal computer that laid the foundation for the future of the industry. In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, which introduced the graphical user interface to the mass market, changing the way people interacted with computers. However, Jobs left Apple in 1985 due to internal conflicts. During his absence, he founded NeXT, a computer platform development company, and acquired Pixar. Under his leadership, Pixar became a world - leading animation studio, producing a series of successful animated films like 'Toy Story'. In 1997, Apple acquired NeXT, and Jobs returned to Apple. He then led a series of product launches that transformed Apple into one of the most valuable companies in the world. The iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad were not only technological marvels but also cultural phenomena, influencing the way people communicate, work, and entertain” 。 3. 结尾：总结人物影响 。“Steve Jobs' innovative spirit, attention to detail, and unwavering pursuit of perfection had a profound impact on the technology industry and society as a whole. His products not only changed the way we live but also inspired a new generation of entrepreneurs and innovators. His legacy will continue to shape the future for years to come” 。 详解：开头简洁介绍乔布斯，引发读者兴趣。中间详细叙述他在苹果公司的创业、离开与回归，以及在皮克斯的成就，按时间顺序展开，条理清晰，每个阶段都有具体事例和产品支撑，突出其对科技和社会的影响。结尾高度评价他的贡献和影响，强化主题，使文章结构完整，内容丰富，符合人物传记写作要求。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $