限时规范练(三十二) 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（云南专版）

限时规范练(三十二)　UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A different kind of food service app is allowing loyal customers to buy restaurant food at a low price before it goes into the waste bin. The app provides buyers with a bag of nearly wasted，but perfectly good food for takeaways as a way to cut back on food waste and help support the restaurant industry.Unlike other apps of a similar type that can allow customers to pick and choose which items they want to save，it offers only bags of whatever food the restaurants have.People will think it has a true enterprise spirit.The app is one of the several winners of Fast Company's 2021 World Changing Ideas Award，which reports that 40% of the food in America is wasted. It's impossible to know how much food really will end up in landfills，but it's possible to know how many meals it has prevented from going there.Originally sold only in a few selected American cities，200，000 meals have been sold，and these meals can be thrown into the garbage in a few hours.And over 1，500 restaurants have signed up in cities like New York，Boston，and Los Angeles.At present，150，000 orders are going out of the door per day in 15 countries，across a user base of around 37 million people，saving incredible food waste. It is also easier for the restaurants to deal with the leftovers since it's not likely to guess and predict what will be available at the end of any night.Decomposing food in landfills is a major source of methane，which can cause climate­related damage before completely decomposing after a decade. “We think we can save more than 2 million meals from the trash in the U.S.in 2021，avoiding thousands of tons of emissions，” said Lucie Basch，co­founder of the app. 1．What makes the app different from other food service apps? A.Its honour awarded by Fast Company. B．Its enterprise spirit of pursuing perfection. C．Its restrictions on consumers' food choices. D．Its service for takeaways with eco­friendly bags. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The food service app's potential in future. B．The food service app's advantages over other apps. C.The food service app's effect on the restaurant industry. D．The food service app's achievement in saving food waste. 3．What does the underlined word “Decomposing” probably mean? A．Breaking up. B．Breaking down. C．Breaking in. D．Breaking out. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a distinctive food service app. B．To promote a food service app to the world. C．To compare a food service app to other apps. D．To call on people to cut down on food waste. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于减少食物浪费的app(应用程序)。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。由第二段中的“Unlike other apps of a similar type that can allow customers to pick and choose which items they want to save，it offers only bags of whatever food the restaurants have.”可知，该app限制了顾客的食物选择。故选C。 2．D　[解析]主旨大意题。由第三段中的“It's impossible to know how much food really will end up in landfills，but it's possible to know how many meals it has prevented from going there.”可知，本段主要讲述这个app阻止了餐馆食物的浪费，即这个app在减少食物浪费方面的成果。故选D。 3．B　[解析]词义猜测题。由第四段中的a major source of methane和常识可知，食物在垃圾填埋场分解时会产生甲烷。因此画线词的意思是“分解”。故选B。 4．A　[解析]推理判断题。由第一段“A different kind of food service app is allowing loyal customers to buy restaurant food at a low price before it goes into the waste bin.”可知，本文主要介绍了一个减少食物浪费的app，餐馆剩下的食物进入垃圾箱之前可以通过这个app低价卖掉，进而减少食物浪费。故选A。 B (2025·湖南雅礼中学高三月考)Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm(生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation(蒸发) and changes it to electricity.This biofilm，which was announced in Nature Communications，has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics，powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics. “This is a very exciting technology，” says Liu Xiaomeng，graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst's College of Engineering and the paper's lead author.“It generates real green energy，and unlike other so­called ‘green­energy’ sources，its production is totally green.” That's because this biofilm—which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper—is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens(硫还原地杆菌).G.sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment.But such batteries require that G．sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet.By contrast，this new biofilm，which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery，works continuously，because it is dead.And because it's dead，it doesn't need to be fed. The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture(水分) on your skin.Though we daily read stories about solar power，at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water.“This is a huge，undiscovered source of energy，” says Yao Jun，professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst，and the paper's one senior author.Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat，the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment.“Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics，” says Yao，and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems，rather than single equipment. 5．What function is the biofilm expected to achieve? A．Updating wearable electronics. B．Acquiring power from evaporation. C．Changing the way of getting electricity. D．Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”． 6．What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”？ A．It's thinner in thickness. B．It's environmentally friendly. C．It reduces the cost in usage. D．It employs a rare energy source. 7．How does the biofilm power small devices? A．By interacting with solar power. B．By gaining energy from electronic systems. C．By using water to generate electricity. D.By producing continuous electricity from sweat. 8．Which of the following best describes the biofilm? A．Flexible. B．Controversial. C．Promising. D．Delicate. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集汗液蒸发过程中产生的能量，并将其转化为电能的生物膜。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers ...have figured out how to engineer a biofilm that harvests the energy in evaporation and changes it to electricity.”可知，研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中产生的能量，并将其转化为电能的生物膜了，即这种生物膜的预期功能是从蒸发过程中获取能量。故选B。 6．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But such batteries require ...because it's dead，it doesn't need to be fed.”可知，使用硫还原地杆菌的微生物电池需要使用者照顾硫还原地杆菌，并不断给它喂食，而生物膜并没有这些要求。由此推知，生物膜降低了使用过程中的成本，故选C。 7．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the surface of our skin ...one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems，rather than single equipment.”可知，生物膜通过从汗液中产生持续的电力为小型设备供电。故选D。 8．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This biofilm，which was announced ...powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.”和最后一段中的“‘Our next step is to increase the size of our film ...rather than single equipment.”可推知，这种生物膜有非常广阔的应用前景。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 Laundry day isn't exactly fun for most people，but it can be quite unpleasant for the earth.Washing clothes can release microplastics that are accumulating in the world's waterways at alarming rates.1.______．Here are some expert­backed strategies to turn laundry day greener. ·Choose efficient machines The machines you use have a significant effect on the amount of energy and water you save or waste.2.______，while newer，high­efficiency washers use less water and energy with lower temperatures and higher spin speeds.Therefore，it makes more sense economically and environmentally to upgrade machines. ·3.______ Avoid small loads，but don't crowd a machine，which can make it work harder.And take a look at the amount of detergent(洗涤剂) you're using.The extra detergent will be harder to clean out，extending washing and drying times.4.______． ·Read up on green products Companies large and small have met consumer demand for products with no harsh chemicals.5.______．Don't buy products with lots of chemicals you can't identify or pronounce.And don't forget the packaging.Powdered or solid products are easier to package and ship than liquids. A．Wash clothes by hand B．Rethink your laundry habits C．They use less energy than standard models D．Older appliances can waste many resources E．But not all products are what they claim to be F．Two to three tablespoons for detergents are enough G．Luckily it's getting easier to clean your clothes while staying green 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以让洗衣日更环保的一些策略。 1．G　[解析]根据上文“Washing clothes can release microplastics that are accumulating in the world's waterways at alarming rates.”和下文“Here are some expert­backed strategies to turn laundry day greener.”可知，空处应承接上下文，说明尽管微塑料的污染很严重，但是已经找到了一些处理这个问题的策略。G选项“幸运的是，在保持环保的同时，清洁你的衣服变得越来越容易”切题。故选G。 2．D　[解析]根据下文“while newer，high­efficiency washers use less water and energy with lower temperatures and higher spin speeds.”可知，空处应在说明旧设备的缺点。D选项“旧的设备会浪费很多资源”切题。故选D。 3．B　[解析]根据下文“Avoid small loads，but don't crowd a machine，which can make it work harder.And take a look at the amount of detergent you're using.The extra detergent will be harder to clean out，extending washing and drying times.”可知，本段在说明要重新考虑你的洗衣习惯。B选项“反思你的洗衣习惯”切题，适合作本段的标题。故选B。 4．F　[解析]根据上文“And take a look at the amount of detergent you're using.The extra detergent will be harder to clean out，extending washing and drying times.”可知，空处应承接上文，说明洗涤剂的用量。F选项“两到三汤匙的洗涤剂就足够了”切题。故选F。 5．E　[解析]根据上文“Companies large and small have met consumer demand for products with no harsh chemicals.”和下文“Don't buy products with lots of chemicals you can't identify or pronounce.”可知，空处与上文构成转折关系且承接下文说明不是所有的产品都像宣传的那样。E选项“但并不是所有的产品都像宣称的那样”切题。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·重庆第七中学高三期中考试)The winners of the 2023 Hugo Awards，the world's top prizes for science fiction literature，1.__________(announce) on Saturday night，with Chinese author Hai Ya 2.__________(take) home the Best Novelette(短中篇小说) Award for The Space­Time Painter(《时空画师》). He became the third Chinese writer to win a Hugo Award 3.__________Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016. Hai Ya found much 4.__________(inspire) from a painting masterpiece，Qianli Jiangshan Tu，or A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains，by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (9601279).Hai Ya has woven the story of Wang's life into a thriller that 5.__________(combine) the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci­fi and detective genres. 6．__________(model) on the life of Wang，Hai Ya has created the character of painting prodigy(奇才) Zhao Ximeng，who painted for 7.__________ emperor more than 1，000 years ago.After much misery and suffering，the painter's mind abandons his physical body and enters a space where a modern police officer 8.__________(look) into a case about an ancient painting at the time.The story reveals the political changes of the period 9.__________ the painting was created. The Hugo Awards，first presented in 1953 and presented 10.__________(annual) since 1955，are science fiction's most prestigious awards.The Hugo Awards are voted on by members of the World Science Fiction Convention，which is also responsible for administering them. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2023年世界科幻文学最高奖项“雨果奖”获奖名单揭晓。中国作家海漄以《时空画师》获得“最佳短中篇小说”奖，他也是继刘慈欣、郝景芳之后，第三位获得雨果奖的中国科幻作家。 1．were announced　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语，主语the winners与谓语announce构成被动关系。根据后文on Saturday night可知时态为一般过去时。主语为the winners，谓语用复数。故填were announced。 2．taking　[解析]考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，Chinese author Hai Ya与take构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填taking。 3．after　[解析]考查介词。句意：他成为继刘慈欣、郝景芳之后第三位获得雨果奖的中国作家。表示“在……之后”应用介词after。故填after。 4．inspiration　[解析]考查名词。句意：海漄从宋朝(960—1279)王希孟的名画《千里江山图》中获得了很多灵感。空处作宾语，应用名词inspiration，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。 5．combines　[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，从句主语that指代先行词a thriller，为单数意义，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。 6．Modeled　[解析]考查非谓语动词。短语be modeled on表示“以……为模型，仿照/模拟……制作或设计”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Modeled。 7．an　[解析]考查冠词。emperor为可数名词，此处为泛指，且以元音音素开头，故填an。 8．is looking　[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，此处陈述故事情节，表示动作正在发生，应用现在进行时。主语为police officer，谓语用单数。故填is looking。 9．when　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这个故事揭示了这幅画创作期间的政治动荡。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the period，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。故填when。 10．annually　[解析]考查副词。句意：雨果奖于1953年首次颁发，自1955年起每年颁发一次，是科幻小说领域最负盛名的奖项。修饰动词present应用副词annually，作状语。故填annually。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$