高中英语语法知识点总结-情态动词 清单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

情态动词 情态动词简介： 不能单独作谓语，必须和动词连用 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态变化 有词义 表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度 一、can/could 1. 表示能力（智力、体力、知识、技术上的能力等），could是过去式，“能、会” He can speak English. (知识、智力) Computers can recognize human voices. (技术) *考点：区分can与be able to do ①时态：can只有现在和过去两种时态（过去could）; be able to 有各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. I could/was able to understand him just now. He can/is able to speak English very well now. I haven’t been able to get in touch with her. 规律总结: A.表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to。 B.表示将来的能力：will be able to。 ②could/ be able to do 都可以表示能力（一直具备的能力） 但是表示过去克服困难，一次性有能力成功做某事，用be able to. Though he is a little boy, he can/ is able to swim now. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. 规律总结: C.表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。 2. 表示请求对方许可或允许对方做某事，could是委婉式，“可以” -Could/Can I smoke here? -Yes, you can -No, you can’t. Could you wait a few days for the money? 3. can用于肯定句表示一时的可能性，“有时会”。 Even experienced teacher can make mistakes. The temperature can fall to -60℃ in the mountain. 4. 表示猜测，用于否定句、疑问句中，“可能”（疑问句）、“不可能（否定句）” 注意：could可能性＜can 对过去猜测多用could，用can也可以 do/be 对当前状态进行猜测 can’t/couldn’t be doing 对现在正在进行的动作进行猜测。 “不可能正在干……” have done 对过去的动作进行猜测 “不可能做过某事” He can’t be in the room now, for the lights are off. He can’t be sleeping now; he has much work to do today. He failed in the exam. He can’t/couldn’t have studied hard. Can the man over, there be our teacher? 5. 表示说话人惊讶、意外、不相信的态度。（否定句、疑问句多用can, 不用could） Can it be true? You can’t be serious. 6. could have done （表过去）本能做，但没做。 二、may/might 1. 表示请求对方许可或允许对方做某事（用法同can）, might 为委婉形式，“可以”。 -Might/ May I trouble you with question? -Yes, you may/can. -No, you can’t. The reporter said we might ask him any question. 2. 表示祝福、祝愿，多用may，多与第二人称连用。 May you + do原型=wish sb. + n. May you succeed/be successful. I wish you success. 3. may/might as well do: 不妨，可以……（用来提出建议） You may as well stay where you are if you get lost. You might as well go for a walk every morning to keep fit. 4. 表示猜测，用于肯定、否定句中。 do/be 对当前状态进行猜测 may/might be doing 对现在正在进行的动作进行猜测。 “可能正在干……” have done 对过去的动作进行猜测 “可能做过某事” He may be very busy now, so don’t disturb him. He might have seen the film before. At present there may be some questions. 5. might have done 可能做过（过去）=may have done （过去）本可以做，但(没做) The team might have won if they had trained harder. He didn’t go to see the film; he may/might have seen it. 三、 must 1. 表示义务、责任，“必须”。 You must look after your child as a mother. 考点： ① mustn’t + do 禁止对方做……， “千万别” 你千万别玩火：You mustn’t play with fire. ②-Must I hand in the plan today? -Yes, you must. -No, you needn’t. = don’t have to 注意:must 一般疑问句的否定回答，否定回答中不能用 mustn’t（mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，语义不符），需用 needn’t 或 don’t have to 表示 “不必、没有必要”。 2. 表示说话人不耐烦态度或意料之外不好的事儿。“偏偏、偏要”。 As I was sitting down to dinner, the phone must ring. If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.. 3. 表示猜测，用于肯定句中，“一定” do/be 对当前状态进行猜测 must(猜测) be doing 对现在正在进行的动作进行猜测。 “一定正在干……” have done 对过去的动作进行猜测 “一定做过某事” Look at the new car. He must have a lot of money. (have) The light is off. The old man must be sleeping in the room. (sleep) Last night he must have seen the film. (see) 联系高考：Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. (2014·江西高考阅读D) 发展一定会促成一种更好的生活，更好的做事情的方法。 考点：must表示猜测，常考反义疑问句，规则是：取决于must后的V.的形式。 He must be a doctor, isn’t he? He must know more knowledge in music, doesn’t he? They must be working in the lab now, aren’t they？ You must have passed the exam yesterday, didn’t you? (对过去进行猜测，若句子中有具体的时间状语，反义疑问句用一般过去时)。 四、 shall 1. shall用作助动词，表示“将要……”（将来时）与第一人称连用。 If you go to the park, so shall I. I shall go on a holiday with my parents next autumn. 2. shall用作情态动词 ① You/ He shall…….用于第二、三人称句，表示命令、威胁、警告、允诺、决心等。 He shall be punished if he disobeys. You shall do as you see me do. ②Shall I/ he……? 用于一、三人称句，表示征求意见或请求指示，“要不要，好不好” Shall he go with you? Shall I turn off the TV? 规律总结： shall 的主要用法有： 1．用于第一人称代替will，表将来或意愿； 2．用于第二、三人称，shall表命令、威胁、警告、允诺、决心； 3．用于第一、三人称疑问句，表征询意见。 五、will （各种人称） 1. 助动词，表示“将要”（将来时），与各种人称连用。 I will go there with Mary. They will visit Mr. Black after school. 2. will 用作情态动词 ① 表示意志、意愿、决心，“乐意，愿意”，would是过去式。 I will do anything I can to help you. Who will go will me? He promised he would help me with my English. ② will/would you……，用于第二人称疑问句，询问对方意愿或提出要求，would为委婉式， “你愿意……” will/ would you please do/ not do….你愿意做…. like to do…..? 你愿意….? do….? would like to do& would like sb. to do 想要做….&想要某人做某事 would you mind doing… 你介意…? would rather do than do……宁愿做…而不做… 例子： 你愿意为我开下门吗？ Will/Would you open the door? 你介意借我钱吗？ Would you mind lending me some monkey? 我愿意为你做一切？ I will do anything for you. 我宁愿待在家里也不出去。 I would rather stay at home than go out. ③表示某种习惯性、倾向性的动作 “老是；总是；常常”（肯） “不肯，不能，不愿”（否）， would是过去式 Fish will die out of water. The door won’t lock. Every day he will spend 2 hours reading. He would go to the nearby shop when he lived here. 六、should（重点） 1. 表示义务、责任，“应该”，也指长辈教导或责备。 You should brash your teeth before going to bed. One shouldn’t be selfish, proud and cruel. 2. 提出意见或劝告。（主观看法） It would be better if you should work as a team. You should give up smoking since you are not healthy. 3. 表示猜测或可能性（表示主观有把握或存在较大的可能性） “照理说”、“应该会”、“估计” She has started and she should be here at any moment. We should arrive by supper time. 4. 表示说话人惊讶态度。“竟然”、“竟会”。 A gentleman should be so rude to a woman. The boy should speak to his father in such an impolite way. 5. 用在how/why后表示不耐烦的态度。 - Do you know Tom’s address? - How should I know? Why should you ask me? 6. should have done (过去) “本应该做，但没做” shouldn’t have done (过去) “本不应该做，但做了” 7. should 用于句中的虚拟语气：should do He suggested that Mary (should) go to see the doctor at once. His suggestion is that we (should) have a rest. 表示建议、命令、要求的名词做主语，表语从句用（should）do It’s suggested that we (should) pull down the temple. His suggestion that we (should) have a rest was good. It’s necessary that we (should) study/learn English well. 规律总结： should的主要用法有： 场景类型 核心含义 结构公式 记忆标签 例句示例 义务/责备 应该做 / 不该做 （规则道德） should + 动原（肯 / 否） √该做 ×不该 You should brush teeth. 劝告 / 建议 委婉提议 “最好这样做” should + 动原 给建议 You should give up smoking. 猜测 /可能性 照理说 “应该会发生” should + 动原 大概率推测 She should arrive soon. 惊讶 / 意外 对不合理行为 “竟然” should + 动原 没想到 He should be so rude! 不耐烦态度 反问表不满 How/Why should...? 反问句式 How should I know? 过去评价 本应做 / 本不应做（遗憾） should have done （肯 /否） 过去遗憾 You should have studied harder. 虚拟语气 建议 / 命令 / 必要性从句 (should) + 动原（可省） 虚拟标志词 He suggested we (should) rest. 注意：表示建议、命令、要求的动词后加宾语从句，后用（should）do. recommend, ask, require, request, advice, order, command 七、ought to 1. 表示义务、责任，“应该”。语气强于should。 He ought to take care of his sick mother. 2. 提出意见、劝告，“应该”（区别不明显，多数情况下可以通用）。 should：主观性较强 ought to: 按客观法律制度要求，应该做…… You should write to your mother as soon as possible. You ought to obey the law as a citizen. 3. 对将来情况猜测，同should，should更为常用，“照理说，应该会” 4. ought to have done= should have done 本应该做，但没做 oughtn’t to have done= shouldn’t have done 八、need 1. 实意动词（有人称、数、时态变化），“需要”，多用于肯定或否定句中。 need sth. 需要某物 to do 需要做……，否定 don’t need to do to be done = doing (need=require, want) 2. 情态动词： （多用于否定、疑问以及条件句当中），“有必要做” needn’t do = do have to do “不必做” -Need he do today? -Yes, he must. -No, he needn’t./ No, he don’t have to. didn’t need to do 没有必要做（也没做） needn’t have done 过去没有必要做（但是却做了） He didn’t need to translate for him, for he know Japanese. You needn’t have prepared so much food. Only 2 guests turned up. need既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，其主要用法如下： 1．可用作实义动词，意为“需要；必要”，后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式等作宾语。其否定式和疑问式借助助动词进行变化。 2. need作情态动词，通常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接动词原形。这时need没有人称和数的变化，也没有时态的变化。 九、dare 1. 实义动词，有时态、人称以及数的变化。“敢”，dared为过去式。 Dare sb. do…? 某人敢做…? dare not do… 不敢做… How dare sb. do…. ? 某人怎么敢做某事？ 你晚上敢一个人回家吗？ Dare you go home alone at night? 我不敢独自晚上外出。 I dare not go out alone at night. 你怎么敢对你妈妈说这样的事？ How dare you say such a thing to your mother? 不敢做某事 don’t dare to do don’t dare do(少) dare not do (情)不敢做 I dare say….. 固定句式，“我猜想……” A: If you die, who will get the money? B: I dare say my uncle will. 十、 带to的情态动词（主义疑问和否定的形式） 1. ought to/ ought not to do/ ought (not) to have done 应该做/ 不应该做/本该做；但是没做（本不应该做但是却做了） 2. have to= have got to 不得不 Do they have to pay the bill before the end of this month? You don’t have to stay here You haven’t got to stay here. 3. 本打算做（但没做） was/were to have done had meant to do = meant to have done (plan/hope/expect/think/want/intend/suppose) He was have caught the first bus, but he got up late. I had meant to visit you last night, but I was too busy. 4. should have done = ought to have done shouldn’t have done = ought not to have done 翻译练习： 你本该浇花。 You should have watered the flowers. 你本不应该伤害她。 You shouldn’t have hurt her. 5. had better have done: 最好做过某事，其实没做 You had better have succeeded. 情态动词总结： 表猜测 can/would 用于否定（不可能），疑问句中（可能）。可能性：could＜can，对于过去猜测，多用could may/might 用于肯定句、否定句中（可能性might＜may，表示过去的猜测，多用might，或许可能） must 肯定句中，一定，反义疑问句中，取决于must后面动词的形式 should/ought to 只对将来动作猜测 表态度 can 惊讶、意外、不相信（多用can,用于否定或疑问句中，表示不相信的态度） must 表示说话人不耐烦的态度，或者意料之外不好的事情，“偏偏，偏要” should 说话人惊讶的态度，“竟然，竟会” 对过去猜测（常考） can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 may/might have done 多去可能做过某事 must have done 过去一定做过某事 对过去虚拟（常考） could have done （过去）本可能做，但是没做 might have done 可能过去做过=may have done （过去）本可以做，但没做 would have done （过去）本要做，但没做 should/ought to have done （过去）本应该做，但没做 shouldn’t/ oughtn’t have done 本不该做，但做了 needn’t have done （过去）没有必要做，但做了 would rather have done 宁愿 would like to have done 宁愿 掌握： 固定句型：It’s adj. that should do 一个自然 natural 2个要 important; necessary 2个当 proper; advisable 4个奇怪 strange; unusual; surprising; wonderful It’s necessary that we should learn how to use the computer. 口诀 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$