Unit 2 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （知识清单）鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 2 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes Unit7 话题 规则 词汇 1. 证；证件 2. 安全；安全性 3. 耳环；耳饰 4. 田野；场地 5. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 6. 诗；韵文 7. 社区；社团 8. 机会；可能性 9. 社会 10. 选择；挑选 11. 扎；刺破；穿透12. 教育；教导 13. 进来；进去 14. 管理；完成（困难的事） 15. 严重地；差；非常 16. 极小的；微小的 17. 很坏的；讨厌的 18. （v）吸烟；冒烟（n）烟 19. （adj/adv）兼职（的） 20. （n）闪光灯；闪光（v）闪耀；闪光 21. （n/v）哭；叫喊 22. （n/v）拥抱；搂抱 23. （v）举起；抬高（n）电梯；搭便车 24. （v/n）感到遗憾；懊悔 25. （v/n）支持 短语 Section A 1.go to the shopping center 去购物中心 2.driver’s license = driving license 驾照 3.sixteen-year-olds 16岁的人 4.no way 不行；不可能 5.be worried about your safety 担心你的安全 6.have part-time jobs 做兼职工作 7.get their ears pierced 扎耳洞 8.serious enough 足够严肃 / 认真 9.work at night 在晚上工作 10.cut one’s hair 理发；剪发 11.wear earrings 戴耳环 12.the famous paintings 名画 13.take lots of photos 拍很多照片 14.use a flash 使用闪光灯 15.a tiny baby 一个小婴儿 16.stay by one’s side 陪伴在某人身旁 17.run through the field 跑过田野 18.make sure 确保 19.give sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱 20.lift sb. up 把某人扶 / 抬 / 举起来 21.talk back 回嘴 / 顶嘴 22.watch scary movies 看恐怖电影 23.go out 外出（娱乐） 24.be back by ten 10点以前回来 25.think back to those times 回想那些时光 26.have scary dreams 做噩梦 27.the whole poem 整首诗 28.do social work 做社会福利工作 29.keep ... away from ... 使……远离…… 30.make one’s own decision(s) 自己做决定 31.move out 搬出去 32.Western countries 西方国家 33.from a young age 从小 34.manage their own lives 成功应对他们自己的生活 35.in most Asian societies在大部分亚洲社会 Section B 1．get to class late 上课迟到 2．fail a test 考试不及格 3．pass / take the test 通过 / 参加考试 4．get in the way of ... 挡……的路；妨碍…… 5．a professional runner 职业跑步运动员 6．grow up 成长；长大；成熟 7．achieve his dreams 实现他的梦想 8．support every one of his races 支持他的每一次比赛 9．think about other possible jobs 考虑其他可能的工作 10．end up as ... 最终成为…… 11．decide for myself 我自己做决定 12．make this choice myself 我自己做这个选择 13．enter university 上大学 14．be serious about ... 严肃 / 认真对待…… 15．spend more time on his homework 在他的家庭作业上多花点时间 16．care about 关心；在意 17．support your dream 支持你的梦想 18．keep off 保持关机 19．during the meeting 在会议期间 句型 1.I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 2.Teenagers should be allowed to …青少年应该被允许... 3.Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 16岁的青少年应该被允许打耳洞。 4.I regret talking back, not listening to Mom.我后悔当初顶嘴而没有听妈妈的话 5.But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork… 但有时这些会妨碍他们的学业… 6. I was safe and kept me from danger.我很安全，避免了危险。 7. Liu Yu, a fifteen-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star. 来自山东的15岁男孩刘宇是一位跑步明星。 8.We have nothing against running. 我们不反对赛跑。 9.I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself. 我认为应该让我自己去做这个选择。 10.Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream. 只有那样,我才会有机会实现我的梦想。 语法 含有情态动词的被动语态； 写作 规则 单词答案： 1. license 证；证件 2. safety 安全；安全性 3. earring 耳环；耳饰 4. field 田野；场地 5. teen （13至19岁之间的）青少年 6. poem 诗；韵文 7. community 社区；社团 8. chance 机会；可能性 9. society 社会 10. choice 选择；挑选 11. pierce 扎；刺破；穿透 12. educate 教育；教导 13. enter 进来；进去 14. manage 管理；完成（困难的事） 15. badly 严重地；差；非常 16. tiny 极小的；微小的 17. awful 很坏的；讨厌的 18. smoke （v）吸烟；冒烟（n）烟 19. part-time （adj/adv）兼职（的） 20. flash （n）闪光灯；闪光（v）闪耀；闪光 21. cry （n/v）哭；叫喊 22. hug （n/v）拥抱；搂抱 23. lift （v）举起；抬高（n）电梯；搭便车 24. regret （v/n）感到遗憾；懊悔 25. support （v/n）支持 考点1 allow v. 允许；准许 【教材原句】I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 【句型剖析】allow v. 允许；准许 allow常用于以下结构中： (1) allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 Mrs.Black doesn’t allow her son to play computer games on school nights.布莱克夫人不允许她儿子在上学的夜晚玩电脑游戏。 (2) be (not) allowed to do sth. (不)被允许做某事 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。 (3) allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We don’t allow smoking in public places. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。 【经典练】 1．—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．won’t allow B．not allow C．aren’t allowed D．don’t allow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 2．Sally doesn’t ________ her son to spend too much time on the computer. It’s bad for his eyes. A．realize B．offer C．teach D．allow 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莎莉不允许她的儿子在电脑上花太多时间。这对他的眼睛不好。 考查动词辨析。realize意识到；offer提供；teach教；allow允许。根据“It’s bad for his eyes.”可知，莎莉不允许她的儿子在电脑上花太多时间。故选D。 【写作佳句】 I hope sometimes I could be allowed to play computer games for a while. 考点2 enough 2.They aren’t serious enough. 他们还不够认真。 【用法详解】enough意为“足够的”，既可作形容词也可作副词。 重点：名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough 【经典练】 1．Sixteen-year-olds are not ________ to drive a car. A．enough serious B．enough seriously C．serious enough D．seriously enough 【答案】C 【详解】句意：十六岁的孩子开车还不够认真。 考查enough用法。serious认真的，形容词；seriously副词。enough修饰形容词时，需后置，此处需用形容词，作表语。故选C。 2．We had ________ and we can finish the work ________. A．time enough; well enough B．enough time; good enough C．enough time; well enough 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们有足够的时间，可以很好地完成这项工作。 考查enough的用法以及副词的用法。enough修饰名词时，作前置定语，排除A；第二个空修饰动词finish用副词well“好”。故选C。 考点3 stop 3.He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他应该停止戴那只可笑的耳环。 【易混辨析】重点：stop doing sth与stop to do sth stop doing sth 表示停止正在做的事 Bill, stop smoking, and you’ll get better soon.比尔，停止吸烟，你很快就会好转的。 stop to do sth 表示停止正在做的事去做另外一件事 I’m hungry. Let’s stop to have something. 我饿了。咱们停下来吃点东西吧。 【经典练】 1．She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock. A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她到了山顶，在一块大石头上停下来休息。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth表示停下来去做某事，stop doing sth表示停止做某事。分析题干语境可知，此处指“停下来去休息”，用动词不定式的一般式即可，故选C。 2．Please stop ________! It should ________ in the cinema. A．smoking; not be allowed B．smoking; allow C．to smoke; not be allowed D．to smoke; doesn’t allow 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请停止吸烟！电影院内不允许吸烟。考查非谓语动词、被动语态及否定句。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。根据“Please stop...”可知，此处指停止吸烟；分析第二空所在句的句子结构可知，主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态（be done），解恨前半句可知，此处表示不允许吸烟，表示否定含义，应在情态动词后加not。故选A。 考点4 现在分词（v-ing）短语作定语时一般后置 4.When I was a tiny baby crying all night, my mom sang to me and stayed by my side.当我是一个整夜哭闹的小婴儿时，妈妈为我唱歌，并陪伴在我身边。 【用法详解】 （1）现在分词短语作后置定语：在本句中crying all night作定语，修饰baby。在英语中，某些定语放在被修饰词之后，叫作“后置定语”。现在分词（v-ing）短语作定语时一般后置。 Eg.The girl wearing a red skirt is not the first, but the third.这个穿红裙子的女孩不是第一名，而是第三名。 【拓展延伸】单个的现在分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前，如falling leaves（正在飘落的树叶），boiling water（沸水）等。 （2）stay by one’s side意为“在某人身边；不离某人左右” Eg.Whatever happens, I will always stay by your side. 无论发生什么事，我都会一直陪在你身旁。 考点 5.regret “后悔；惋惜; 懊恼” 【教材原句】I regret talking back, not listening to Mom.我后悔当初顶嘴而没有听妈妈的话 【句型剖析】regret 此处作及物动词，意为 “后悔；惋惜; 懊恼”，后可接名词、代词、that或what引导的从句、动词-ing 形式或动词不定式作宾语。regret doing sth. 意为 “后悔做了某事”，用于对做过的事感到后悔。 If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it. 如果你现在不做,你一定会后悔的。 I deeply regret what I said.我非常后悔说了那些话。 He never regrets spending time helping others. 他从不后悔花时间帮助别人。 【辨析】regret doing sth.与regret to do sth. *regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做) I regret telling her what I thought. 我后悔告诉了她我的想法。 *regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) I regret to have to do it, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须做它,但我别无选择。 【扩展】与regret用法类似的动词: try to do sth.努力/尽力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 mean to do sth.打算去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 【经典练】 1．Mike got bad marks. He regrets _________ hard in the summer holiday. A．not study B．not studying C．not to study 【答案】B 【详解】句意：麦克的成绩很差。他后悔暑假没有好好学习。考查非谓语动词。regret not to do sth.后悔没有去做某事；regret not doing sth.后悔曾经没有做某事。根据“Mike got bad marks”可知迈克后悔暑假没有努力学习，故选B。 2．—Have you seen the movie Avatar Ⅱ (阿凡达)? —Yes, it is worth ________. You won’t regret ________ it. A．watching; seeing B．to watch; seeing C．watching; to see D．to watch; to see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《阿凡达Ⅱ》吗？——是的，它值得一看。你不会后悔看到它的。考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”，排除BD；regret doing sth.“后悔做某事”。故选A。 【写作佳句】 I have been regretting doing so.. 考点 6 talk back 6. But I talked back loudly...但是我大声顶嘴…… 【用法详解】talk back为固定短语，后常接介词to，引出顶嘴的对象。 Eg.You shouldn’t talk back to your boss like that.你不应该那样和你的老板顶嘴。 【拓展延伸】back常用短语归纳： look back 回顾 give back 归还 come back 回来 take back 取回 think back 回想 call back 回电话 【经典练】 1．—Why is your mother so angry? —Because my younger brother ________ her just now. A．paid attention to B．looked up to C．took care of D．talked back to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你妈妈为什么这么生气？——因为我弟弟刚才跟她顶嘴了。 考查动词短语辨析。paid attention to集中注意于；looked up to仰慕；took care of 照顾；talked back to顶嘴。根据“Why is your mother so angry?”可知，弟弟和妈妈顶嘴，所以妈妈生气了。故选D。 2．Don't ________  to your parents loudly. They may be angry with you. A．look up B．talk back C．come over D．fall down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要跟你的父母大声顶嘴。他们可能生你的气。 考查动词短语辨析。look up查阅；talk back顶嘴；come over顺便来访；fall down跌倒。根据下文“They may be angry with you.”可知，上文是不要和父母顶嘴。故选B。 7. The housework will be done in the afternoon. 家务将在下午做。 【用法详解】一般将来时的被动语态 本句含有一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+及物动词的过去分词”，表示动作将要被做，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 Eg.A letter will be sent to you by the boss in one or two weeks. 一到两周后，将会寄给你一封来自老板的信件。 【经典练】 1．A hanfu show ________ in the Museum of History next week. A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．has been held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汉服展览下周将在历史博物馆举行。 考查动词语态辨析。next week下周，用于一般将来时；show是动词hold（举行）的受动者，需用一般将来时被动语态“will be done”，故选C。 2．Don’t worry. Your English is so good that I believe you ________ to take part in the speech competition. A．choose B．were chosen C．will choose D．will be chosen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：别担心。你的英语这么好，我相信你会被挑选去参加演讲比赛的。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“Don’t worry.”和“I believe”可知后接的宾语从句应用一般将来时，从句主语you与动词choose存在被动关系，从句应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be+过去分词。故选D。 考点8. safety n. 安全；安全性 【句型剖析】safety n. 安全；安全性 Safety comes first.We should obey the traffic rules to stay away from accidents on the road. 安全是第一位的。在路上，我们应该遵守交通规则，远离交通事故。 in safety处于安全的状态。 The children are now in safety. 孩子们现在安全了。 【拓展】(1) safe adj. 安全的；无危险的；其反义词是 dangerous adj.危险的。 This place is very dangerous，and you should go to a safe place.这个地方很危险，你应该到一个安全的地方。 (2) safely adv.安全地 We got to the small island safely finally. 我们最终安全地到达了小岛。 【经典练】 1．—The plane landed ________ in the end. —Good news. ________ is the most important. A．safe; Safety B．safely; Safe C．safety; Safely D．safely; Safety 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——飞机终于安全着陆了。——好消息。安全是最重要的。 考查副词/名词。safe安全的，形容词；Safety安全，名词。Safely安全地，副词。第一空需用副词修饰动词landed“着陆”，故用safely；第二空缺主语，用名词safety。故选D。 2．My boy, never take any risks. Please remember, ________ is the most important at any time. A．happiness B．safety C．courage D．health 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的孩子，永远不要冒险。请记住，安全在任何时候都是最重要的。 考查名词辨析。happiness幸福；safety安全；courage勇气；health健康。根据“My boy, never take any risks”可知不要冒险，安全是最重要的。故选B。 【写作佳句】 It was very obvious that the athletes were more than happy with the venues, villages, services and safety in China.. 考点9.get in the way of意为“阻碍，妨碍……” 【教材原句】But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork…但有时这些会妨碍他们的学业… 【句型剖析】get in the way of意为“阻碍，妨碍……”。例如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 【拓展】 （1）in the way有“挡路”的意思，还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如： Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。 In this way，he has collected a great many stamps。 用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。 （2）on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如： On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate。 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。 （3）by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如： By the way，have you seen Harry recently？ 顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？ （4）in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如： In a way，it is an important book。 在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。 【经典练】 1．It’s true that too many after-school activities may get _______ the way of our schoolwork. A．about B．by C．in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：的确，太多的课外活动可能会妨碍我们的功课。考查介词辨析。about关于；by由；in在……里。根据“get…the way”可知，考查get in the way“妨碍”。故选C。 2．Teens’ hobbies may ________ of their schoolwork, and parents might worry about it. A．look up to B．get in the way C．take in line D．keep cool 【答案】B 【详解】句意：青少年的爱好可能会妨碍他们的学业，家长可能会担心。考查动词短语辨析。look up to敬仰；get in the way妨碍；take in line，错误表达；keep cool保持冷静。根据“parents might worry about it”可知，家长担心的应该是爱好会影响孩子的学业。故选B。 3．Some parents think hobbies may ________ their children’s schoolwork, so they suggest kids should part with hobbies for a while. A．go out of their way to B．get in the way of C．make their way to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些父母认为爱好可能会妨碍孩子的学业，所以他们建议孩子应该暂时放弃爱好。考查动词短语。go out of their way to费尽心思地；get in the way of妨碍；make their way to前往。根据“so they suggest kids should part with hobbies for a while.”可知，他们建议孩子暂时放弃爱好，因此他们认为爱好可能妨碍孩子们的学业，故选B。 考点10.keep “保存；保留；保守” 【教材原句】I was safe and kept me from danger.我很安全，避免了危险。 【句型剖析】（1）keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如： 　Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？ 　I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。 　Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？ （2）keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如：　　 You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 　She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。 （3）keep的常用句型： keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事“，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。 例如： He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。 keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。例如： The pupil kept on asking me the same question. 这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。 keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如： The heavy snow kept us from going out. 大雪使我们不能出去 【经典练】 1．I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised _________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不能告诉你她说了什么。我答应保守秘密。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I’ve promised…it a secret.”可知，空处指的是承诺做某事，promise to do sth，固定短语，故选B。 2．If he keeps ________ his spoken English, he will make great progress. A．buying B．practising C．doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果他继续练习英语口语，他会取得很大进步的。 考查动词词义辨析。buying买；practising练习；doing做。根据“he will make great progress”可知，此处指练习英语口语。故选B。 【写作佳句】 I hope you can keep doing sports every day.. 考点11.have nothing against (doing) sth. “不反对某事/做某事” 【课文详解】We have nothing against running. 我们不反对赛跑。 【句型剖析】have nothing against (doing) sth.意为“不反对某事/做某事”。其中 against为介词,意为“反对;违背”,其反义词为for,意为“支持”。 短语 be against doing sth.反对做某事 be for doing sth.赞成做某事 【拓展】against作介词,可用来表示位置,意为“倚;碰;撞”,也可表示“与......对抗” The rain beat against the window.雨点敲打着窗户。 Jim is a tennis pro. I'm not sure I want to play against him! 杰姆是个职业网球选手,我当然不想跟他打啦! 【经典练】 1．I ________ your smoking, but please do not smoke when kids are around. A．have no idea about B．have nothing in common with C．have nothing to do with D．have nothing against 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不反对你吸烟，但请不要在周围有孩子的时候吸烟。考查动词短语辨析。have no idea about对……毫无头绪；have nothing in common with与……没有共同之处；have nothing to do with与……无关；have nothing against不反对……。根据“but please do not smoke when kids are around”可知，前后句为转折关系，前文指“不反对吸烟”。故选D。 2．We have ________ against homework, but we don’t want to do so much homework. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们不反对家庭作业，但我们不想做那么多的家庭作业。 考查不定代词。something某物；anything任何东西；nothing没有什么；everything每件事情。have nothing against意为”并不反对”。故选C。 考点12.choice “选择;挑选” 【课文详解】I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我认为应该让我自己去做这个选择。 【句型剖析】choice是名词,意为“选择;挑选”,其动词形式为choose。 We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临着一个困难的抉择。 【短语】 make a choice / make choices做出选择 have no choice (but to do sth.)别无选择(只能做某事) He has to make some important choices.他得做出一些重要的选择。 I have no choice but to leave.除了离开,我别无选择。 【归纳】 choose= make a choice,类似的结构有很多: promise= make a promise承诺;答应 apologize= make an apology道歉 invite= make an invitation邀请 mistake= make a mistake出错;犯错误 wish=make a wish许愿 use=make (the) use of利用;运用 study=make a study of学习;研究 decide= make a decision做决定 【经典练】 1．Kevin has only enough money for the bag or the shoes. That is a hard ________ for him to make because he likes them both. A．choice B．gift C．rule D．trick 【答案】A 【详解】句意：凯文的钱只够买包或者鞋子。这对他来说是一个艰难的选择，因为他两个都喜欢。考查名词词义辨析。choice选择；gift礼物；rule规则；trick把戏。根据“Kevin has only enough money for the bag or the shoes.”可知，钱不够，不能两者都买，因此必须作出选择，只能买包或者鞋子。故选A。 2．—There are so many nice dresses that I can’t decide which one to buy. —Well, it’s not easy to make a ________. A．survey B．reason C．choice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——漂亮的裙子太多了，我无法决定买哪一件。 ——嗯，做出选择并不容易。 考查名词辨析。survey调查；reason原因；choice选择。根据“There are so many nice dresses that I can’t decide which one to buy.”可知，这里是无法决定买哪一件。故选C。 3．—Dad, which is the better ________ for me, a senior high school or a vocational（职业的）high school? —Either is OK. It depends on your plan and effort. A．result B．choice C．experience D．custom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，哪一个对我是更好的选择，一个高中还是一个职业高中？——两个中任何一个都可以。它取决于你的计划和努力。 考查名词辨析。result结果；choice选择；experience经历；custom习俗。根据“a senior high school or a vocational（职业的）high school”可知这是两个选择，故选B。 【写作佳句】 As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that Guangzhou is good choice for you to visit.. 一．语法精讲——含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态 知识点01 定义与结构 【语法详解】定义：含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为＂情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词＂情态动词指can, may, must, should等。 ►The flowers should be watered.应该给花浇水了。 ►Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头做成。 ►Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.青少年应该被允许和朋友外出。 结构：（1）肯定形式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+by短语（by短语可省略）。 （2）否定形式：主语+情态动词+not +be+及物动词的过去分词。 （3）一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ ►Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。 ►Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗？ ►Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？ 【警示】如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略。[来源 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语＋情态动词＋be done(＋by＋宾语). The work should be finished by ten.这项工作应该在十点之前完成。 否定句 主语＋情态动词＋not＋be done (＋by＋宾语). Those books mustn't be taken out of the library.不准把那些书带出图书馆。 一般疑问句 情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？ May these rooms be cleaned tomorrow？这些房间可以明天打扫吗？ 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？ When should these books be sent to the children in mountain areas？这些书应该什么时候送给山区的孩子们？ 知识点02 含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换 【语法详解】含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换 含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时，要把主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语变为＂情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词＂；主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略）。 主动句：She must clean her room every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：Her room must be cleaned (by her) every day. 知识点03 情态动词 【语法详解】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。 1.表示能力 can/could can 现在的能力; could是 can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力 ①I can speak a little Japanese. 我会说一点儿日语。 ②She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month. 上月她来我校时还不会说中文。 2.表示许可和请求 can/could/may/might/mustn’t can 正常 could 委婉，更礼貌(并非过去式) may 更正式 might 语气更委婉(并非过去式) She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 3.表示推测 肯定推测：must>can>could>may>might 否定推测：can’t (must反义)>may not He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不） 4.表示应该 should /had better 1.should,应该 2.had better,最好 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 You’d better not smoke here because it smells bad. 你最好不要在这抽烟，因为很难闻。 5.表示必须 must/have to 1.用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 2.用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示将来时态的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 6.need用法 1. 作情态动词 肯定 need do 否定 needn’t do 2. 作实意动词 肯定：人+ need to do / need sb. to do / need sth. 物+need doing The desk needs cleaning.=The desk needs to be cleaned. 否定 don’t need 【经典练】 1．—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ________ to another city tomorrow. —Thanks. I have to go now. A．will be taken B．are taken C．were taken D．have taken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——丹尼尔，你必须快点跟你的好朋友比尔道别。他明天将被带到另一个城市。——谢谢。我现在得走了。 考查时态及语态。根据“tomorrow”可知，时态为一般将来时；根据句子结构可知，主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。故选A。 2．—It seems that electric cars can’t run as far as usual in cold weather. —You’re right. But I believe the batteries ________ soon. A．have improved B．will be improved C．were improved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在寒冷的天气里，电动汽车似乎不能像往常那样跑得很远。——你说得对。但我相信电池很快就会改进的。 考查动词时态。根据“soon”可知时态应用一般将来时；主语batteries与“改善”之间存在被动关系，需用be done的结构。故选B。 3．Someday in the future, medicine ________ to us in a more patient-friendly way. A．is delivered B．has been delivered C．will be delivered D．was delivered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在未来的某一天，药物将以对病人更加友好的方式送达我们手中。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。is delivered用于一般现在时的被动语态；has been delivered用于现在完成时的被动语态；will be delivered用于一般将来时的被动语态；was delivered用于一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语someday in the future可知是一般将来时。故选C。 4．Unless you avoid charging your cellphone all the time, the battery inside it ________ easily. A．damages B．is damaged C．will damage D．will be damaged 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你一直避免给手机充电，否则手机内的电池很容易损坏。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。此题是由unless引导条件状语从句，如果主句是将来时或表示将来含义时，从句要用一般现在时。此题的主句的主语the battery与动词damage之间是被动关系，因此应该用被动语态，这里的主语用一般将来时，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 5．— Schools must pay more attention to arts from now on! — Certainly. From 2022, the students ________ in areas like music and art. A．will test B．will be test C．will be tested D．test 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——从现在开始学校必须更加重视艺术!——当然。从2022年起，这些学生将接受音乐和艺术等领域的考试。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“From2022”，结合语境，可知句子时态用一般将来时；且主语the students是动词test的承受者，因此应用被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+动词的过去分词；故选C。 6．A trip to Mars _________ in the future missions（任务）of the Long March 5 rocket. A．will be included B．is including C．was included D．included 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火星之旅将被包括在长征五号火箭未来的任务中。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。will be included一般将来时的被动语态；is including现在进行时；was included一般过去时的被动语态；included一般过去时；根据“in the future missions of the Long March 5 rocket.”可知，在长征五号火箭未来的任务中，由此判断句子时态应为一般将来时；分析选项可知，此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，表示火星之旅将被包括在长征五号火箭未来的任务中，符合语境。故选A。 二．写作精讲——规则 本单元以“规则”为话题，结合此话题就学校和家庭的各种规章制度进行了论述。在本单元话题作文的命题过程中，命题人通常会让你就学校或家庭的某些规章制度谈一谈自己的看法。写作时多用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，表达观点时要有理有据，不能偏激。 “三步法”写谈论规则、闸述观点类的作文。 1．确定主题：引出要谈论的话题； 2．谈论规则：具体哪方面的规则； 3．阐述观点：赞成或者不赞成。 体裁：应用文(日记)；日记的主体部分为议论文 时态：一般现在时 人称：以第一人称为主 谈论规则、阐述观点类作文常用句型： 1.Are you allowed to make your own decisions at home？你可以在家里做自己的决定吗 2. Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.青少年常常认为应该允许他们尽可能多地练习自己的爱好。 3. I think I should be allowed to decide for my- self.　我认为应该允许我自己做决定。 4. He needs to spend more time on his homework because it is difficult to become a professional sports star. 他需要花更多的时间做作业，因为要成为职业体育明星很难。 5. I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我认为应该允许我自己做出这个选择。 6. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.只有这样，我才有机会实现我的梦想。 7. No matter how many difficulties we have, I be- lieve all problems can be solved in the end.无论我们有多少困难，我相信所有问题最终都能解决。 8. Mobile phones should be kept off during the meeting会议期间应关闭手机 9. Teenagers under eighteen must not be allowed to smoke or drink.18岁以下的青少年不得吸烟或饮酒。 10. Many parents think going to school must be put first,so teenagers should not be encouraged to work part-time.There are many rules at my home/in our school.许多家长认为上学必须放在第一位，因此不应鼓励青少年从事兼职工作。我家/我们学校有许多规定。 11. We are not allowed to do ...我们不允许做… 12.. We must/have to...我们必须… 13.Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.任何违反规则的人都将受到惩罚。 14. Everyone must follow the rules.每个人都必须遵守规则。 15.I agree/disagree ... because ...我同意/不同意…因为… 16.I think teenagers should be allowed to …我认为应该允许青少年… 列提纲 写句子 你不同意哪条家规？ 亮明观点 One of the rules in my family is that I’m not allowed to have a mobile phone. 论述观点（1.为什么不同意2.如何改进） First, the mobile phone provides me with an easy and fast way of communication. If I have a mobile phone, I can make a call when in an emergency. Second, the mobile phone can help me study. Now there are lots of educational apps on it that I can use. Third, I can use the mobile phone to listen to music, play games or watch movies. My parents can make rules about using it, for example, when and how long I can use it. I can do even better in my study if I’m allowed to have a mobile phone. 表达愿望 I hope my parents will understand me. Tuesday, May 25th One of the rules in my family is that I’m not allowed to have a mobile phone. My parents think that using it will get in the way of my study, but I don’t agree with them.   First, the mobile phone provides me with an easy and fast way of communication. If I have a mobile phone, I can make a call when in an emergency. Second, the mobile phone can help me study. Now there are lots of educational apps on it that I can use. Third, I can use the mobile phone to listen to music, play games or watch movies. It’s not good to spend all the time studying. I need to relax sometimes. For these reasons, I think I should be allowed to have a mobile phone. My parents can make rules about using it, for example, when and how long I can use it. I can do even better in my study if I’m allowed to have a mobile phone. I hope my parents will understand me. 5月25日，星期二 我家的一条规定是不准我有手机。我父母认为使用它会妨碍我的学习，但我不同意他们的看法 首先，手机为我提供了一种简单快捷的沟通方式。如果我有手机，我可以在紧急情况下打电话。第二，手机可以帮助我学习。现在有很多我可以使用的教育应用程序。第三，我可以用手机听音乐、玩游戏或看电影。把所有的时间都花在学习上是不好的。我有时需要放松。基于这些原因，我认为应该允许我拥有一部手机。我的父母可以制定关于使用它的规则，例如，我可以使用它的时间和时间。如果允许我有一部手机，我可以在学习上做得更好。我希望我的父母能理解我。 1、 重点单词以及词性转换 1. license n.证；证件 2. safety n.安全---safe adj. 安全的 ---反义词：dangerous危险的 3. smoke v.抽烟 4. tiny adj.渺小的 5. cry v./n/哭声；大哭 6. badly adv.严重地；差；非常----worse比较级---worst最高级 7. regret v/n.遗憾；后悔 8. poem n.诗---poet n.诗人---poetry n.诗歌总称 9. chance n.机会 10. educate v.教育---education.教育 11. society n.社会---social adj.社会的；社交的 12. manage v.经营；致力于--manager n.精力--management n经营；管理 13. support n./v.支持 14. enter v.进入--entrance n.入口 15. choice n.选择--choose v.选择 16. community n.社区；社团 【重点句型】 1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。 2. They talk instead of doing homework.他们聊天而不是做作业。 3. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm.允许他们熬到晚上11点。 4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情。 5. What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了？ 6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合。 7. The classroom is a real mess.教室太脏了。 8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?我应该被允许自己做决定吗? 9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有这样我才能实现我的梦想。 10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间。 11. We have nothing against running.我们没有理由反对他跑步。 【考点梳理】 Section A 考点① I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. ① 宾语从句跟在think, believe, suppose, expect等的动词后，且主句主语是第一人称（I, we）, 变否定句时，要在主句上否定，即“否定转移”；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与从句一致。（可选讲） I think you are right.  → I don’t think you are right. I don’t think he is clever, is he? 注意：若主句的主语是第二、三人称，变否定句时，要在从句上否定；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与主句一致。（可选讲） They think you are right.  → They think you are not right. → They think you are right, don’t they?    ② sixteen-year-olds在此句中用作名词，意为“16岁的青少年” Sixty-year-olds are often taken good care of by teenagers in China. 拓展复习： an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩 a two months’ holiday 2个月的假期 ③ allow动词，意为“允许；准许”，常用于以下结构： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 拓展：allow doing sth. 允许做某事 考点② When I fell and hurt myself, she gave me a hug and lifted me up.  当我跌倒伤到自己的时候，她给我一个拥抱，并把我抱起来。 （1）give sb. a hug 意为“给某人一个拥抱”，其中hug用作名词，意为“拥抱；搂抱”。 Every teacher gave his/ her students a big hug. 每个老师都给了他/ 她的学生一个大大的拥抱。 拓展：hug还可以用作及物动词，意为“拥抱”。 The mother hugged her little son tightly. 这位妈妈紧紧地拥抱她的小儿子。 （2）lift up 意为“举起；抬起”，其中lift用作动词，意为“举起；抬起”。当宾语是人称代词时，要放在lift和up之间。 The stone is too heavy for him to lift up. 这块石头太重，他举不起来。 拓展：put up 举起；挂起；搭建；张贴 hand up 举起手 set up 建立 cheer up 使……兴奋 clean up 打扫干净  turn up 调大；出现；露面 考点③ But I talked back loudly… 但是我大声地顶嘴…… talk back 意为“回嘴；顶嘴”，talk back to sb. 意为“和某人顶嘴”。 I wonder why he is always talking back to his mother. 我想知道他为什么总是和他妈妈顶嘴。 拓展：有关talk的短语： talk to 对…说话  talk with 和…说话  talk about 谈论 考点④ I regret talking back, not listening to Mom. 我后悔顶嘴、不听妈妈的话。 regret 此处用作及物动词，意为“后悔；懊悔”，regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做了某事”，用于对做过的事感到后悔。 He never regrets spending time helping others.他从不后悔花费时间帮助他人。 拓展：regret to do sth. “遗憾要做某事”，表示对要做的事感到遗憾。 He regrets to leave, but he has to do it. 他很遗憾要离开，但他不得不这样做。 考点⑤ Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet?  你觉得我们必须让青少年远离网络吗？ keep… away from 意为“避免接近；远离”。 He wants to keep his two children away from deep water. 他想让他的两个孩子远离深水。 拓展：keep短语： keep healthy保持健康 keep up with 跟上，赶上 keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系 考点⑥ Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.  父母应该给青少年机会，让他们自己做决定。 （1）give sb. chances to do sth. 意为“给某人做某事的机会”，其中chance用作可数名词，意为“机会”。 Why don’t you give yourself a chance to have a try? 你为什么不给自己一个尝试的机会呢？ 拓展：have a chance of doing sth. 有做某事的机会 I have a chance of winning the match. 我有赢得比赛的机会。 （2）make one’s own decision 意为“自己做决定”，其中own用作形容词，意为“自己的”。 The young man made his own decision at last. 最后，这个年轻人自己做了决定。 拓展：make one’s own decision to do sth. 意为“自己做决定做某事”，相当于decide to do sth. by oneself。 Section B 考点① Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不应该对青少年要求太严格。 be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严厉，对某人要求严格”。 The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。 拓展：be strict in sth. 意为“对某事要求严格”。 He is always strict in his work.他总是对工作要求严格。 考点② But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork…  但有时这些（爱好）会妨碍他们的学业…… get in the way of 意为“挡……的路；妨碍”。 The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的。 提示：get in the way of… 通常也可以用be in the way of… 来表示。 考点③ I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我觉得应该允许我自己做这个选择。 choice 用作名词，意为“选择；挑选”，用make表示做出选择。 I don’t know who made the choice.我不知道谁做了这个决定。 拓展：1. have no choice but to do sth. 意为“除做某事外别无选择”，此时choice用作不可数名词。 2. choose是choice的动词形式，choose to do sth. 意为“选择做某事”。 考点④ Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.  只有那样，我才会有机会实现我的梦想。 本句是一个以only开头的部分倒装句，由“only+状语”构成。当句首的only后跟了副词、介词短语或从句等时，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Only next year can he come with us. 只有明年他才能跟我们一起来。 注意：only后跟的是主语时，不用倒装。 Only two students can sing the foreign songs. 只有两个学生会唱这首外文歌。 【重点语法】 含有情态动词的被动语态 1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构 情态动词（should/can/must/may/could等）+be+及物动词的过去分词 Many trees should be planted on the mountains. 2.含有情态动词的被动语态的基本句式 ① 肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他. The children should be allowed to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights. ② 否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他. Waste paper should not be thrown here. ③一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ -Should it be done by Li Ming? -Yes, it should./ No, it shouldn’t. 3.含有情态动词的被动句与主动句之间的转换 要把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”；主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在句尾。 Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes. → Fourteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes(by their parents). 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes Unit7 话题 规则 词汇 1. 证；证件 2. 安全；安全性 3. 耳环；耳饰 4. 田野；场地 5. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 6. 诗；韵文 7. 社区；社团 8. 机会；可能性 9. 社会 10. 选择；挑选 11. 扎；刺破；穿透12. 教育；教导 13. 进来；进去 14. 管理；完成（困难的事） 15. 严重地；差；非常 16. 极小的；微小的 17. 很坏的；讨厌的 18. （v）吸烟；冒烟（n）烟 19. （adj/adv）兼职（的） 20. （n）闪光灯；闪光（v）闪耀；闪光 21. （n/v）哭；叫喊 22. （n/v）拥抱；搂抱 23. （v）举起；抬高（n）电梯；搭便车 24. （v/n）感到遗憾；懊悔 25. （v/n）支持 短语 Section A 1.go to the shopping center 去购物中心 2.driver’s license = driving license 驾照 3.sixteen-year-olds 16岁的人 4.no way 不行；不可能 5.be worried about your safety 担心你的安全 6.have part-time jobs 做兼职工作 7.get their ears pierced 扎耳洞 8.serious enough 足够严肃 / 认真 9.work at night 在晚上工作 10.cut one’s hair 理发；剪发 11.wear earrings 戴耳环 12.the famous paintings 名画 13.take lots of photos 拍很多照片 14.use a flash 使用闪光灯 15.a tiny baby 一个小婴儿 16.stay by one’s side 陪伴在某人身旁 17.run through the field 跑过田野 18.make sure 确保 19.give sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱 20.lift sb. up 把某人扶 / 抬 / 举起来 21.talk back 回嘴 / 顶嘴 22.watch scary movies 看恐怖电影 23.go out 外出（娱乐） 24.be back by ten 10点以前回来 25.think back to those times 回想那些时光 26.have scary dreams 做噩梦 27.the whole poem 整首诗 28.do social work 做社会福利工作 29.keep ... away from ... 使……远离…… 30.make one’s own decision(s) 自己做决定 31.move out 搬出去 32.Western countries 西方国家 33.from a young age 从小 34.manage their own lives 成功应对他们自己的生活 35.in most Asian societies在大部分亚洲社会 Section B 1．get to class late 上课迟到 2．fail a test 考试不及格 3．pass / take the test 通过 / 参加考试 4．get in the way of ... 挡……的路；妨碍…… 5．a professional runner 职业跑步运动员 6．grow up 成长；长大；成熟 7．achieve his dreams 实现他的梦想 8．support every one of his races 支持他的每一次比赛 9．think about other possible jobs 考虑其他可能的工作 10．end up as ... 最终成为…… 11．decide for myself 我自己做决定 12．make this choice myself 我自己做这个选择 13．enter university 上大学 14．be serious about ... 严肃 / 认真对待…… 15．spend more time on his homework 在他的家庭作业上多花点时间 16．care about 关心；在意 17．support your dream 支持你的梦想 18．keep off 保持关机 19．during the meeting 在会议期间 句型 1.I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 2.Teenagers should be allowed to …青少年应该被允许... 3.Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 16岁的青少年应该被允许打耳洞。 4.I regret talking back, not listening to Mom.我后悔当初顶嘴而没有听妈妈的话 5.But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork… 但有时这些会妨碍他们的学业… 6. I was safe and kept me from danger.我很安全，避免了危险。 7. Liu Yu, a fifteen-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star. 来自山东的15岁男孩刘宇是一位跑步明星。 8.We have nothing against running. 我们不反对赛跑。 9.I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself. 我认为应该让我自己去做这个选择。 10.Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream. 只有那样,我才会有机会实现我的梦想。 语法 含有情态动词的被动语态； 写作 规则 考点1 allow v. 允许；准许 【教材原句】I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 【句型剖析】allow v. 允许；准许 allow常用于以下结构中： (1) allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 Mrs.Black doesn’t allow her son to play computer games on school nights.布莱克夫人不允许她儿子在上学的夜晚玩电脑游戏。 (2) be (not) allowed to do sth. (不)被允许做某事 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。 (3) allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We don’t allow smoking in public places. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。 【经典练】 1．—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．won’t allow B．not allow C．aren’t allowed D．don’t allow 2．Sally doesn’t ________ her son to spend too much time on the computer. It’s bad for his eyes. A．realize B．offer C．teach D．allow 【写作佳句】 I hope sometimes I could be allowed to play computer games for a while. 考点2 enough 2.They aren’t serious enough. 他们还不够认真。 【用法详解】enough意为“足够的”，既可作形容词也可作副词。 重点：名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough 【经典练】 1．Sixteen-year-olds are not ________ to drive a car. A．enough serious B．enough seriously C．serious enough D．seriously enough 2．We had ________ and we can finish the work ________. A．time enough; well enough B．enough time; good enough C．enough time; well enough 考点3 stop 3.He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他应该停止戴那只可笑的耳环。 【易混辨析】重点：stop doing sth与stop to do sth stop doing sth 表示停止正在做的事 Bill, stop smoking, and you’ll get better soon.比尔，停止吸烟，你很快就会好转的。 stop to do sth 表示停止正在做的事去做另外一件事 I’m hungry. Let’s stop to have something. 我饿了。咱们停下来吃点东西吧。 【经典练】 1．She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock. A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest 2．Please stop ________! It should ________ in the cinema. A．smoking; not be allowed B．smoking; allow C．to smoke; not be allowed D．to smoke; doesn’t allow 考点4 现在分词（v-ing）短语作定语时一般后置 4.When I was a tiny baby crying all night, my mom sang to me and stayed by my side.当我是一个整夜哭闹的小婴儿时，妈妈为我唱歌，并陪伴在我身边。 【用法详解】 （1）现在分词短语作后置定语：在本句中crying all night作定语，修饰baby。在英语中，某些定语放在被修饰词之后，叫作“后置定语”。现在分词（v-ing）短语作定语时一般后置。 Eg.The girl wearing a red skirt is not the first, but the third.这个穿红裙子的女孩不是第一名，而是第三名。 【拓展延伸】单个的现在分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前，如falling leaves（正在飘落的树叶），boiling water（沸水）等。 （2）stay by one’s side意为“在某人身边；不离某人左右” Eg.Whatever happens, I will always stay by your side. 无论发生什么事，我都会一直陪在你身旁。 考点 5.regret “后悔；惋惜; 懊恼” 【教材原句】I regret talking back, not listening to Mom.我后悔当初顶嘴而没有听妈妈的话 【句型剖析】regret 此处作及物动词，意为 “后悔；惋惜; 懊恼”，后可接名词、代词、that或what引导的从句、动词-ing 形式或动词不定式作宾语。regret doing sth. 意为 “后悔做了某事”，用于对做过的事感到后悔。 If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it. 如果你现在不做,你一定会后悔的。 I deeply regret what I said.我非常后悔说了那些话。 He never regrets spending time helping others. 他从不后悔花时间帮助别人。 【辨析】regret doing sth.与regret to do sth. *regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做) I regret telling her what I thought. 我后悔告诉了她我的想法。 *regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) I regret to have to do it, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须做它,但我别无选择。 【扩展】与regret用法类似的动词: try to do sth.努力/尽力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 mean to do sth.打算去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 【经典练】 1．Mike got bad marks. He regrets _________ hard in the summer holiday. A．not study B．not studying C．not to study 2．—Have you seen the movie Avatar Ⅱ (阿凡达)? —Yes, it is worth ________. You won’t regret ________ it. A．watching; seeing B．to watch; seeing C．watching; to see D．to watch; to see 【写作佳句】 I have been regretting doing so.. 考点 6 talk back 6. But I talked back loudly...但是我大声顶嘴…… 【用法详解】talk back为固定短语，后常接介词to，引出顶嘴的对象。 Eg.You shouldn’t talk back to your boss like that.你不应该那样和你的老板顶嘴。 【拓展延伸】back常用短语归纳： look back 回顾 give back 归还 come back 回来 take back 取回 think back 回想 call back 回电话 【经典练】 1．—Why is your mother so angry? —Because my younger brother ________ her just now. A．paid attention to B．looked up to C．took care of D．talked back to 2．Don't ________  to your parents loudly. They may be angry with you. A．look up B．talk back C．come over D．fall down 7. The housework will be done in the afternoon. 家务将在下午做。 【用法详解】一般将来时的被动语态 本句含有一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+及物动词的过去分词”，表示动作将要被做，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 Eg.A letter will be sent to you by the boss in one or two weeks. 一到两周后，将会寄给你一封来自老板的信件。 【经典练】 1．A hanfu show ________ in the Museum of History next week. A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．has been held 2．Don’t worry. Your English is so good that I believe you ________ to take part in the speech competition. A．choose B．were chosen C．will choose D．will be chosen 考点8. safety n. 安全；安全性 【句型剖析】safety n. 安全；安全性 Safety comes first.We should obey the traffic rules to stay away from accidents on the road. 安全是第一位的。在路上，我们应该遵守交通规则，远离交通事故。 in safety处于安全的状态。 The children are now in safety. 孩子们现在安全了。 【拓展】(1) safe adj. 安全的；无危险的；其反义词是 dangerous adj.危险的。 This place is very dangerous，and you should go to a safe place.这个地方很危险，你应该到一个安全的地方。 (2) safely adv.安全地 We got to the small island safely finally. 我们最终安全地到达了小岛。 【经典练】 1．—The plane landed ________ in the end. —Good news. ________ is the most important. A．safe; Safety B．safely; Safe C．safety; Safely D．safely; Safety 2．My boy, never take any risks. Please remember, ________ is the most important at any time. A．happiness B．safety C．courage D．health 【写作佳句】 It was very obvious that the athletes were more than happy with the venues, villages, services and safety in China.. 考点9.get in the way of意为“阻碍，妨碍……” 【教材原句】But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork…但有时这些会妨碍他们的学业… 【句型剖析】get in the way of意为“阻碍，妨碍……”。例如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 【拓展】 （1）in the way有“挡路”的意思，还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如： Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。 In this way，he has collected a great many stamps。 用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。 （2）on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如： On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate。 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。 （3）by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如： By the way，have you seen Harry recently？ 顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？ （4）in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如： In a way，it is an important book。 在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。 【经典练】 1．It’s true that too many after-school activities may get _______ the way of our schoolwork. A．about B．by C．in 2．Teens’ hobbies may ________ of their schoolwork, and parents might worry about it. A．look up to B．get in the way C．take in line D．keep cool 3．Some parents think hobbies may ________ their children’s schoolwork, so they suggest kids should part with hobbies for a while. A．go out of their way to B．get in the way of C．make their way to 考点10.keep “保存；保留；保守” 【教材原句】I was safe and kept me from danger.我很安全，避免了危险。 【句型剖析】（1）keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如： 　Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？ 　I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。 　Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？ （2）keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如：　　 You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 　She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。 （3）keep的常用句型： keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事“，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。 例如： He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。 keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。例如： The pupil kept on asking me the same question. 这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。 keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如： The heavy snow kept us from going out. 大雪使我们不能出去 【经典练】 1．I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised _________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 2．If he keeps ________ his spoken English, he will make great progress. A．buying B．practising C．doing 【写作佳句】 I hope you can keep doing sports every day.. 考点11.have nothing against (doing) sth. “不反对某事/做某事” 【课文详解】We have nothing against running. 我们不反对赛跑。 【句型剖析】have nothing against (doing) sth.意为“不反对某事/做某事”。其中 against为介词,意为“反对;违背”,其反义词为for,意为“支持”。 短语 be against doing sth.反对做某事 be for doing sth.赞成做某事 【拓展】against作介词,可用来表示位置,意为“倚;碰;撞”,也可表示“与......对抗” The rain beat against the window.雨点敲打着窗户。 Jim is a tennis pro. I'm not sure I want to play against him! 杰姆是个职业网球选手,我当然不想跟他打啦! 【经典练】 1．I ________ your smoking, but please do not smoke when kids are around. A．have no idea about B．have nothing in common with C．have nothing to do with D．have nothing against 2．We have ________ against homework, but we don’t want to do so much homework. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 考点12.choice “选择;挑选” 【课文详解】I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我认为应该让我自己去做这个选择。 【句型剖析】choice是名词,意为“选择;挑选”,其动词形式为choose。 We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临着一个困难的抉择。 【短语】 make a choice / make choices做出选择 have no choice (but to do sth.)别无选择(只能做某事) He has to make some important choices.他得做出一些重要的选择。 I have no choice but to leave.除了离开,我别无选择。 【归纳】 choose= make a choice,类似的结构有很多: promise= make a promise承诺;答应 apologize= make an apology道歉 invite= make an invitation邀请 mistake= make a mistake出错;犯错误 wish=make a wish许愿 use=make (the) use of利用;运用 study=make a study of学习;研究 decide= make a decision做决定 【经典练】 1．Kevin has only enough money for the bag or the shoes. That is a hard ________ for him to make because he likes them both. A．choice B．gift C．rule D．trick 2．—There are so many nice dresses that I can’t decide which one to buy. —Well, it’s not easy to make a ________. A．survey B．reason C．choice 3．—Dad, which is the better ________ for me, a senior high school or a vocational（职业的）high school? —Either is OK. It depends on your plan and effort. A．result B．choice C．experience D．custom 【写作佳句】 As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that Guangzhou is good choice for you to visit.. 一．语法精讲——含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态 知识点01 定义与结构 【语法详解】定义：含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为＂情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词＂情态动词指can, may, must, should等。 ►The flowers should be watered.应该给花浇水了。 ►Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头做成。 ►Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.青少年应该被允许和朋友外出。 结构：（1）肯定形式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+by短语（by短语可省略）。 （2）否定形式：主语+情态动词+not +be+及物动词的过去分词。 （3）一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ ►Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。 ►Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗？ ►Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？ 【警示】如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略。[来源 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语＋情态动词＋be done(＋by＋宾语). The work should be finished by ten.这项工作应该在十点之前完成。 否定句 主语＋情态动词＋not＋be done (＋by＋宾语). Those books mustn't be taken out of the library.不准把那些书带出图书馆。 一般疑问句 情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？ May these rooms be cleaned tomorrow？这些房间可以明天打扫吗？ 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？ When should these books be sent to the children in mountain areas？这些书应该什么时候送给山区的孩子们？ 知识点02 含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换 【语法详解】含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换 含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时，要把主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语变为＂情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词＂；主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略）。 主动句：She must clean her room every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：Her room must be cleaned (by her) every day. 知识点03 情态动词 【语法详解】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。 1.表示能力 can/could can 现在的能力; could是 can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力 ①I can speak a little Japanese. 我会说一点儿日语。 ②She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month. 上月她来我校时还不会说中文。 2.表示许可和请求 can/could/may/might/mustn’t can 正常 could 委婉，更礼貌(并非过去式) may 更正式 might 语气更委婉(并非过去式) She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 3.表示推测 肯定推测：must>can>could>may>might 否定推测：can’t (must反义)>may not He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不） 4.表示应该 should /had better 1.should,应该 2.had better,最好 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 You’d better not smoke here because it smells bad. 你最好不要在这抽烟，因为很难闻。 5.表示必须 must/have to 1.用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 2.用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示将来时态的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 6.need用法 1. 作情态动词 肯定 need do 否定 needn’t do 2. 作实意动词 肯定：人+ need to do / need sb. to do / need sth. 物+need doing The desk needs cleaning.=The desk needs to be cleaned. 否定 don’t need 【经典练】 1．—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ________ to another city tomorrow. —Thanks. I have to go now. A．will be taken B．are taken C．were taken D．have taken 2．—It seems that electric cars can’t run as far as usual in cold weather. —You’re right. But I believe the batteries ________ soon. A．have improved B．will be improved C．were improved 3．Someday in the future, medicine ________ to us in a more patient-friendly way. A．is delivered B．has been delivered C．will be delivered D．was delivered 4．Unless you avoid charging your cellphone all the time, the battery inside it ________ easily. A．damages B．is damaged C．will damage D．will be damaged 5．— Schools must pay more attention to arts from now on! — Certainly. From 2022, the students ________ in areas like music and art. A．will test B．will be test C．will be tested D．test 6．A trip to Mars _________ in the future missions（任务）of the Long March 5 rocket. A．will be included B．is including C．was included D．included 二．写作精讲——规则 本单元以“规则”为话题，结合此话题就学校和家庭的各种规章制度进行了论述。在本单元话题作文的命题过程中，命题人通常会让你就学校或家庭的某些规章制度谈一谈自己的看法。写作时多用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，表达观点时要有理有据，不能偏激。 “三步法”写谈论规则、闸述观点类的作文。 1．确定主题：引出要谈论的话题； 2．谈论规则：具体哪方面的规则； 3．阐述观点：赞成或者不赞成。 体裁：应用文(日记)；日记的主体部分为议论文 时态：一般现在时 人称：以第一人称为主 谈论规则、阐述观点类作文常用句型： 1.Are you allowed to make your own decisions at home？你可以在家里做自己的决定吗 2. Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.青少年常常认为应该允许他们尽可能多地练习自己的爱好。 3. I think I should be allowed to decide for my- self.　我认为应该允许我自己做决定。 4. He needs to spend more time on his homework because it is difficult to become a professional sports star. 他需要花更多的时间做作业，因为要成为职业体育明星很难。 5. I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我认为应该允许我自己做出这个选择。 6. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.只有这样，我才有机会实现我的梦想。 7. No matter how many difficulties we have, I be- lieve all problems can be solved in the end.无论我们有多少困难，我相信所有问题最终都能解决。 8. Mobile phones should be kept off during the meeting会议期间应关闭手机 9. Teenagers under eighteen must not be allowed to smoke or drink.18岁以下的青少年不得吸烟或饮酒。 10. Many parents think going to school must be put first,so teenagers should not be encouraged to work part-time.There are many rules at my home/in our school.许多家长认为上学必须放在第一位，因此不应鼓励青少年从事兼职工作。我家/我们学校有许多规定。 11. We are not allowed to do ...我们不允许做… 12.. We must/have to...我们必须… 13.Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.任何违反规则的人都将受到惩罚。 14. Everyone must follow the rules.每个人都必须遵守规则。 15.I agree/disagree ... because ...我同意/不同意…因为… 16.I think teenagers should be allowed to …我认为应该允许青少年… 列提纲 写句子 你不同意哪条家规？ 亮明观点 One of the rules in my family is that I’m not allowed to have a mobile phone. 论述观点（1.为什么不同意2.如何改进） First, the mobile phone provides me with an easy and fast way of communication. If I have a mobile phone, I can make a call when in an emergency. Second, the mobile phone can help me study. Now there are lots of educational apps on it that I can use. Third, I can use the mobile phone to listen to music, play games or watch movies. My parents can make rules about using it, for example, when and how long I can use it. I can do even better in my study if I’m allowed to have a mobile phone. 表达愿望 I hope my parents will understand me. Tuesday, May 25th One of the rules in my family is that I’m not allowed to have a mobile phone. My parents think that using it will get in the way of my study, but I don’t agree with them.   First, the mobile phone provides me with an easy and fast way of communication. If I have a mobile phone, I can make a call when in an emergency. Second, the mobile phone can help me study. Now there are lots of educational apps on it that I can use. Third, I can use the mobile phone to listen to music, play games or watch movies. It’s not good to spend all the time studying. I need to relax sometimes. For these reasons, I think I should be allowed to have a mobile phone. My parents can make rules about using it, for example, when and how long I can use it. I can do even better in my study if I’m allowed to have a mobile phone. I hope my parents will understand me. 5月25日，星期二 我家的一条规定是不准我有手机。我父母认为使用它会妨碍我的学习，但我不同意他们的看法 首先，手机为我提供了一种简单快捷的沟通方式。如果我有手机，我可以在紧急情况下打电话。第二，手机可以帮助我学习。现在有很多我可以使用的教育应用程序。第三，我可以用手机听音乐、玩游戏或看电影。把所有的时间都花在学习上是不好的。我有时需要放松。基于这些原因，我认为应该允许我拥有一部手机。我的父母可以制定关于使用它的规则，例如，我可以使用它的时间和时间。如果允许我有一部手机，我可以在学习上做得更好。我希望我的父母能理解我。 1、 重点单词以及词性转换 1. license n.证；证件 2. safety n.安全---safe adj. 安全的 ---反义词：dangerous危险的 3. smoke v.抽烟 4. tiny adj.渺小的 5. cry v./n/哭声；大哭 6. badly adv.严重地；差；非常----worse比较级---worst最高级 7. regret v/n.遗憾；后悔 8. poem n.诗---poet n.诗人---poetry n.诗歌总称 9. chance n.机会 10. educate v.教育---education.教育 11. society n.社会---social adj.社会的；社交的 12. manage v.经营；致力于--manager n.精力--management n经营；管理 13. support n./v.支持 14. enter v.进入--entrance n.入口 15. choice n.选择--choose v.选择 16. community n.社区；社团 【重点句型】 1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。 2. They talk instead of doing homework.他们聊天而不是做作业。 3. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm.允许他们熬到晚上11点。 4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情。 5. What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了？ 6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合。 7. The classroom is a real mess.教室太脏了。 8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?我应该被允许自己做决定吗? 9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有这样我才能实现我的梦想。 10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间。 11. We have nothing against running.我们没有理由反对他跑步。 【考点梳理】 Section A 考点① I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. ① 宾语从句跟在think, believe, suppose, expect等的动词后，且主句主语是第一人称（I, we）, 变否定句时，要在主句上否定，即“否定转移”；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与从句一致。（可选讲） I think you are right.  → I don’t think you are right. I don’t think he is clever, is he? 注意：若主句的主语是第二、三人称，变否定句时，要在从句上否定；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与主句一致。（可选讲） They think you are right.  → They think you are not right. → They think you are right, don’t they?    ② sixteen-year-olds在此句中用作名词，意为“16岁的青少年” Sixty-year-olds are often taken good care of by teenagers in China. 拓展复习： an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩 a two months’ holiday 2个月的假期 ③ allow动词，意为“允许；准许”，常用于以下结构： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 拓展：allow doing sth. 允许做某事 考点② When I fell and hurt myself, she gave me a hug and lifted me up.  当我跌倒伤到自己的时候，她给我一个拥抱，并把我抱起来。 （1）give sb. a hug 意为“给某人一个拥抱”，其中hug用作名词，意为“拥抱；搂抱”。 Every teacher gave his/ her students a big hug. 每个老师都给了他/ 她的学生一个大大的拥抱。 拓展：hug还可以用作及物动词，意为“拥抱”。 The mother hugged her little son tightly. 这位妈妈紧紧地拥抱她的小儿子。 （2）lift up 意为“举起；抬起”，其中lift用作动词，意为“举起；抬起”。当宾语是人称代词时，要放在lift和up之间。 The stone is too heavy for him to lift up. 这块石头太重，他举不起来。 拓展：put up 举起；挂起；搭建；张贴 hand up 举起手 set up 建立 cheer up 使……兴奋 clean up 打扫干净  turn up 调大；出现；露面 考点③ But I talked back loudly… 但是我大声地顶嘴…… talk back 意为“回嘴；顶嘴”，talk back to sb. 意为“和某人顶嘴”。 I wonder why he is always talking back to his mother. 我想知道他为什么总是和他妈妈顶嘴。 拓展：有关talk的短语： talk to 对…说话  talk with 和…说话  talk about 谈论 考点④ I regret talking back, not listening to Mom. 我后悔顶嘴、不听妈妈的话。 regret 此处用作及物动词，意为“后悔；懊悔”，regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做了某事”，用于对做过的事感到后悔。 He never regrets spending time helping others.他从不后悔花费时间帮助他人。 拓展：regret to do sth. “遗憾要做某事”，表示对要做的事感到遗憾。 He regrets to leave, but he has to do it. 他很遗憾要离开，但他不得不这样做。 考点⑤ Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet?  你觉得我们必须让青少年远离网络吗？ keep… away from 意为“避免接近；远离”。 He wants to keep his two children away from deep water. 他想让他的两个孩子远离深水。 拓展：keep短语： keep healthy保持健康 keep up with 跟上，赶上 keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系 考点⑥ Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.  父母应该给青少年机会，让他们自己做决定。 （1）give sb. chances to do sth. 意为“给某人做某事的机会”，其中chance用作可数名词，意为“机会”。 Why don’t you give yourself a chance to have a try? 你为什么不给自己一个尝试的机会呢？ 拓展：have a chance of doing sth. 有做某事的机会 I have a chance of winning the match. 我有赢得比赛的机会。 （2）make one’s own decision 意为“自己做决定”，其中own用作形容词，意为“自己的”。 The young man made his own decision at last. 最后，这个年轻人自己做了决定。 拓展：make one’s own decision to do sth. 意为“自己做决定做某事”，相当于decide to do sth. by oneself。 Section B 考点① Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不应该对青少年要求太严格。 be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严厉，对某人要求严格”。 The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。 拓展：be strict in sth. 意为“对某事要求严格”。 He is always strict in his work.他总是对工作要求严格。 考点② But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork…  但有时这些（爱好）会妨碍他们的学业…… get in the way of 意为“挡……的路；妨碍”。 The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的。 提示：get in the way of… 通常也可以用be in the way of… 来表示。 考点③ I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.我觉得应该允许我自己做这个选择。 choice 用作名词，意为“选择；挑选”，用make表示做出选择。 I don’t know who made the choice.我不知道谁做了这个决定。 拓展：1. have no choice but to do sth. 意为“除做某事外别无选择”，此时choice用作不可数名词。 2. choose是choice的动词形式，choose to do sth. 意为“选择做某事”。 考点④ Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.  只有那样，我才会有机会实现我的梦想。 本句是一个以only开头的部分倒装句，由“only+状语”构成。当句首的only后跟了副词、介词短语或从句等时，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Only next year can he come with us. 只有明年他才能跟我们一起来。 注意：only后跟的是主语时，不用倒装。 Only two students can sing the foreign songs. 只有两个学生会唱这首外文歌。 【重点语法】 含有情态动词的被动语态 1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构 情态动词（should/can/must/may/could等）+be+及物动词的过去分词 Many trees should be planted on the mountains. 2.含有情态动词的被动语态的基本句式 ① 肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他. The children should be allowed to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights. ② 否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他. Waste paper should not be thrown here. ③一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ -Should it be done by Li Ming? -Yes, it should./ No, it shouldn’t. 3.含有情态动词的被动句与主动句之间的转换 要把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”；主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在句尾。 Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes. → Fourteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes(by their parents). 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$