Unit 1 When was it invented（知识清单）鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 1 When was it invented？ Unit6 话题 谈论发明物的历史及用途 词汇 1. 鞋跟；足跟 2. 勺；铲子 3. 电；电能 4. 样式；款式 5. 英雄；男主角 6. 高兴；愉快 7. 拉链；拉锁 8. 网站 9. 先锋；先驱 10. 统治者；支配者 11. 受欢迎；普及 12. 冰箱 13. 地震 14. 钟（声） 15. 饼干 16. 曲奇饼 17. 器械；仪器；工具 18. 顾客；客户 19. 篮；筐 20. 项目；工程 21. 提到；说到 22. 煮沸；烧开 23. 保持不变；剩余 24. 翻译 25. （使）发出钟声或铃声；打电话26. 分开；分散 27. 几乎 28. 每日的；日常的 29. 意外的；偶然的 30. 低的；矮的 31. 国家的；民族的 32. 突然（的） 33. 音乐的 34. 脆的；酥脆的 35. 咸的 36. 酸的；有酸味的 37. 职业的；专业的 38. （v）列表；列清单（n）名单；清单 39. （n）气味（v）发出……气味；闻到 40. （n）贸易；交易（v）做买卖；从事贸易 41. （n）疑惑；疑问（v）怀疑 42. （pron）某人（n）重要人物 43. （v）锁上；锁住（n）锁 44. （adj）加拿大的；加拿大人的（n）加拿大人 短语 1. by accident 偶然的；意外的 2. take place  发生；出现 3. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 4. all of a sudden 突然；猛地 5. be used for (doing sth.)  =be used to (do sth.) 被用来做…… 6. It is said that… 据说 7. fall into  落入；掉入 8. It is believed that 人们认为 9. bring to  带到；带入 10. less than  少于；不到  more than  多于 11. know about  了解 12. the nature of tea 茶的本质 13. at a low price 以很低的价格 14. have a point 有道理 15. the style of ……的样式 16. in our daily life 在我们的日常生活中 17. some time  一段时间 18. the saint of tea 茶圣 19. in the 19th century 在19世纪 20. run on electricity 靠电力驱动 21. change the world 改变世界 22. by mistake 错误地；无意中 23. divide…into 把……分开 24. look up to  钦佩；仰慕 25. in the end = finally = at last最终；最后 26. dream of  梦想；向往；渴望 27. achieve one’s dream= realize one’s dream = make one’s dream come true实现某人的梦想 28. decide on  决定；选定 29. at the same time 同时 30. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 31. the number of ……的数量 32. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 33. not only…but also… 不但……而且 34. such a great invention 如此伟大的一项发明 35. think of/ about 想；考虑 36. come up with 想出 37. the popularity of… ……的普及 38.translate…into… 把……翻译成…… 39. a cook called  一个叫……的厨师 40. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 41. more and more 越来越…… 42. take notes  记笔记 43. lead to  导致；导向 44. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 45. need to do sth.  需要做某事 句型 1. When was it invented？它是什么时候发明的? 2. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？ 3.For example, it mentioned that zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.例如,它提到拉链是1893年由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 4. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.但在当时，它并没有被广泛使用。 5. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说,有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现茶可以饮用。 6.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出一股香味,因此他尝了一下这棕色的水。 7. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现，但… 8.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.即使现在许多人知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶之本质的人。 9.George wanted to make the customer happy.乔治想让那位顾客满意。 10.Then in1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.1936年在柏林，它成为奥运会的一个项目。 11.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把班上的人分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。 12.At the same time ,they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对手将球打进自己的篮筐 13.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅已成为一项受欢迎的运动，而且也已成为一种受欢迎的观看运动。 14.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 15.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力实现梦想。 语法 一般过去时被动语态； 写作 谈论发明物的历史及用途 单词： 1. heel 鞋跟；足跟 2. spoon 勺；铲子 3. electricity 电；电能 4. style 样式；款式 5. hero 英雄；男主角 6. pleasure 高兴；愉快 7. zipper 拉链；拉锁 8. website 网站 9. pioneer 先锋；先驱 10. ruler 统治者；支配者 11. popularity 受欢迎；普及 12. fridge 冰箱 13. earthquake 地震 14. bell 钟（声） 15. biscuit 饼干 16. cookie 曲奇饼 17. instrument 器械；仪器；工具 18. customer 顾客；客户 19. basket 篮；筐 20. project 项目；工程 21. mention 提到；说到 22. boil 煮沸；烧开 23. remain 保持不变；剩余 24. translate 翻译 25. ring （使）发出钟声或铃声；打电话 26. divide 分开；分散 27. nearly 几乎 28. daily 每日的；日常的 29. accidental 意外的；偶然的 30. low 低的；矮的 31. national 国家的；民族的 32. sudden 突然（的） 33. musical 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 34. crispy 脆的；酥脆的 35. salty 咸的 36. sour 酸的；有酸味的 37. professional 职业的；专业的 38. list （v）列表；列清单（n）名单；清单 39. smell （n）气味（v）发出……气味；闻到 40. trade （n）贸易；交易（v）做买卖；从事贸易41. doubt （n）疑惑；疑问（v）怀疑 42. somebody （pron）某人（n）重要人物 43. lock （v）锁上；锁住（n）锁 44. Canadian （adj）加拿大的；加拿大人的（n）加拿大人 考点1 .…was invented … “某物被发明……” 【教材原句】When was it invented？它是什么时候发明的 【句型剖析】…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”，是被动句式。例如： The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese. 算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。 Who was the light bulb invented by？灯泡是由谁发明的？ 【拓展】 被动语态的结构是：主语+be done（及物动词的过去分词），be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。 （1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are done 例如： The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class. 黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。 （2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done 例如： The computer was invented last century. 电脑是上个世纪被发明的。 （3）一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will be done 例如： A new school will be built in our village next year. 明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。 （4）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done 例如： A sports meeting is being held in our school now. 运动会正在我们学校举行。 （5）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done 例如： All of the work has been finished since I came here. 自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。 （6）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如： Your homework must be handed in after school. 你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。 （7）复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时，在被动语态中需要还原to。 They heard her sing an English song at the party. 他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。 变为被动语态是：She was heard to sing an English song at the party. 【经典练】 1．—________ was the zipper invented? —In 1893. A．When B．How C．Why D．Where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——拉链是什么时候发明的？——1893年。 考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候；How怎样；Why为什么；Where哪里。根据答语“In 1893.”可知，此处询问时间，应用When提问。故选A。 2．The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A．is invented B．invented C．was invented D．was inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：电话是由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔于1876年发明的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“in 1876”可知为一般过去时；主语The telephone与谓语invent是被动关系，应为一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + done，主语为单数，应用was。故选C。 考点2.With pleasure! 乐意效劳！ 【易混辨析】易错点：it’s a pleasure, my pleasure与with pleasure It’s a pleasure 意为“不客气”，对别人的感谢的礼貌回答 My pleasure With pleasure 意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意 Eg.►—Thank you very much! 多谢！ —It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。 ►—Could you help me look after my dog while I’m away? 我不在家时你能帮我照看一下我的狗吗？ —With pleasure. 乐意效劳。 【经典练】 1．—Excuse me, can you help me with that heavy box? —________. A．Well done B．My pleasure C．Yes, please D．It doesn’t matter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，你能帮我搬一下那个重箱子吗？——我的荣幸。 考查情景交际。Well done做得好；My pleasure我的荣幸； Yes, please是的，请；It doesn’t matter没关系。根据“Excuse me, can you help me with that heavy box?”可知是在请求帮助，故选B。 2．—You did very well in English. Could you help me with my English? —________ A．That’s right. B．What a pity! C．With pleasure. D．I hope so. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你英语学得很好。你能帮我学英语吗？——很乐意。 考查情景交际。That’s right没错；What a pity真可惜；With pleasure很乐意；I hope so我希望如此。根据“Could you help me with my English”可知，应选择表示愿意帮助对方的回答，故选C。 考点3.such如此 【教材原句】Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？ 【句型剖析】such用作形容词，修饰名词。主要用法有： (1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 He got such a bad cold that he coughed day and night.他得了如此重的感冒以至于整日整夜咳嗽。 (2)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句。 She has made such great progress that many people like her. 她取得如此大的进步，许多人都喜欢她。 (3)such＋adj.＋名词复数＋that从句。 They are such interesting books that we all like them. 它们是如此有趣的书，我们都喜欢它们。 such (a/an) + adj. + n. 意为＂如此……的(一个)……＂。 Why do you buy such expensive clothes? 【经典练】 1．—Have you seen the science fiction movie John Carter of Mars, John? —Yeah, it’s truly worth ________. It’s ________ moving that I have seen it twice. A．seeing; too B．to see; enough C．seeing; so D．to see; such 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——约翰，你看过科幻电影《异星战场》吗？——是的，确实值得一看。它非常感人，所以我看了两遍。考查非谓语和结果状语从句。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，排除BD；第二空是结构so...that...“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故选C。 2．Andy has made ______ this term that his parents will award him a new laptop. A．such a great progress B．so great a progress C．such great progress D．so a great progress 【答案】C 【详解】句意：安迪这个学期进步很大，他的父母将奖励他一台新的笔记本电脑。考查such的用法。progress“进步”，不可数名词，不能用a修饰，排除A，B和D，故选C。 【写作佳句】 Now Su Bingtian is a sport star. In the evening, we can do such activities as popular games and group dance around the fire. 考点 4.mention 提到;说到 【教材原句】For example, it mentioned that zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.例如,它提到拉链是1893年由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 【句型剖析】mention作及物动词,意为“提到;说到”,后面可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。 mention+that从句 用法 mention sb./sth.(to sb.)(向某人)提起某人/某事 mention doing sth.提到做某事 He mentioned that the food was invented by a Chinese. 他提到这种食物是由一个中国人发明的。 Nobody mentioned it to me.没人向我提过这事。 Whenever I mention having dinner together, he says he's too busy. 无论何时我提起一块儿吃饭,他都说太忙。 【拓展】 “Don't mention it.”常用于口语中,多用作回复他人道谢或道 歉时的答语,意为“不用谢;没关系” —Thank you very much.多谢你了。 —Don't mention it.不客气。 —I'm sorry to have troubled you.抱歉打扰你了。 —Don't mention it.没关系。 【经典练】 1．—Thank you for helping me with my English. I’ve got a high grade this time. —______ That’s what friends are for. A．Don’t mention it. B．It doesn’t matter. C．In your dreams. D．Cheer up. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——谢谢你帮助我学习英语。这次我取得了高分。——不客气，这是朋友应该做的。考查情景交际用语。Don’t mention it不客气； It doesn’t matter没关系，常用于别人的道歉；In your dreams.你做梦；Cheer up.振作起来。根据上文是在道谢，可知此处表示“不客气”，故选A。 2．—Do you know that Jeff has been chosen as the monitor of his class? —Really? Nobody ________ anything to me about it. A．mention B．mentioned C．will mention D．was mentioned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道杰夫被选为他们班的班长了吗？ ——真的？没人跟我说过这件事。考查一般过去时。根据题干中提到的杰夫被选为班长这件事可知，此事已经过去了，应用一般过去时，因此此处应填入动词mention“提到”的过去式mentioned。故选B。 考点5. sth. be used… “某物被使用……” 【教材原句】But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.但在当时，它并没有被广泛使用。 【句型剖析】 sth. be used…是被动语态句式，表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配： （1）be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如： 　 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。 （2）be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”。 它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如： Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。 （3）be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。 　 This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。 （4）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。 It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English. 它是被用来学习英语的。 【经典练】 1．Modern technologies ________ in the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. A．were used B．are used C．will be used 【答案】A 【详解】句意：第19届杭州亚运会采用了现代技术。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.”可知，该句是一般过去时，主语“Modern technologies”与谓语动词之间是被动关系，设空处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选A。 【写作佳句】 English is widely used in the world. 考点6.It is said that… “据说……” 【教材原句】It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说,有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现茶可以饮用。 【句型剖析】It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的 思是“据说……”。例如： It is said that Mary is very happy in London. （主语从句） = They say that Mary is very happy in London.（宾语从句） 据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。 【拓展】 另外类似的句型有：It is believed…（人们相信），It is reported that …（据报道），It is supposed that… （据猜测）It is known that...众所周知......。例如： It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played. 人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 It is supposed that there is no life on the moon. 据推测月球上是没有生命的。 It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。 【经典练】 1．______ is said that our history teacher often does volunteer work on weekends. A．One B．It C．This D．That 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：据说我们的历史老师在周末经常做志愿者的工作。It is said that：据说，是固定用法，故答案为B。 2．—________ that He Jiong will come to Tongren. —________ exciting news! A．It said; What B．It is said; What C．It said; How D．It is said; How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——据说何炅要来铜仁。——真是令人兴奋的消息！考查it固定句型和感叹句。固定句型：it is said that…意为“据说”，所以排除选项A和C。根据第二句标点符号可知，此处是感叹句，news是不可数名词，应该用what来引导感叹句，结构为what+adj.+不可数名词。故选B。 考点7.smell气味；闻到 【教材原句】It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出一股香味,因此他尝了一下这棕色的水。 【句型剖析】 smell (1)作名词,意为“气味”,常与of连用,表示“......的气味”。 There's a delicious smell coming from the kitchen.厨房里传来一阵香味。 The air was filled with the smell of flowers.空气中弥漫着花香。 (2)作动词时有两种用法:表示“发出......的气味”时,smell是连系动词,表示“闻到”时,smell是及物动词,不用于进行时。 The fish smells delicious.鱼闻起来很香。 Can you smell something?你闻到什么气味了吗? 【归纳】feel,look, sound, smell, taste这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态,其意思分别为“感觉”,“看”,“听”,“闻”,“尝起来”。 I'm feeling terrible.我感到难受极了。 The soup tastes delicious.这汤味道不错。 These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 【经典练】 1．—Can you ________ something delicious?   —Yes, Mom is making chicken soup in the kitchen. A．smell B．produce C．polish D．list 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能闻到美味的东西吗？——是的，妈妈正在厨房做鸡汤。 考查动词辨析。smell闻起来；produce生产；polish磨光；list列清单。根据“Mom is making chicken soup in the kitchen.”可知妈妈在做鸡汤，所以闻起来很香。故选A。 【写作佳句】 In my free time, I also try hard to avoid using the mobile phone or computer. 考点8.until 直到…… 【教材原句】 In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现，但… 【句型剖析】until意为“直到……”，有下列用法： （1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如： She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 (2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 【经典练】 1．It ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________ I found we had a lot in common. A．was until; when B．was until; that C．wasn’t until; when D．wasn’t until; that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：直到我们在一起待了几个星期，我才发现我们有很多共同点。 考查强调句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此句为强调句，结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that…”；根据句意可知，此处表达某个动作或状态持续到某一时间点之后才开始发生，not…until…“直到……才……”符合。故选D。 2．Life is often compared to a journey. We have to keep walking ________ we get to the final destination. A．so B．until C．and D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人生常被比作一次旅行。我们必须一直走到最后的目的地。 考查连词辨析。so所以；until直到；and和；but但是。根据“We have to keep walking...we get to the final destination.”可知我们必须一直走到最后的目的地，用until引导时间状语从句。故选B。 【写作佳句】 Some people don’t come back home until midnight. 考点9.doubt 疑惑;疑问 【教材原句】Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.即使现在许多人知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶之本质的人。 【句型剖析】doubt在本句中作名词,意为“疑惑;疑问”。 短语 without doubt毫无疑问;的确 I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good.她刚开始做时我心存疑虑,但她真的做得很好。 Without doubt, factory farming is bad news.毫无疑问，工厂化的农场经营管理是坏消息。 【拓展】doubt还可作动词,意为“怀疑”,后常接名词、代词或that /if/ whether引导的从句作宾语。 They doubt the truth of it.(接名词)他们怀疑此事的真实性。 We don't doubt that you are right.(接that从句)我们不怀疑你是对的。 I doubt if / whether he will come earlier this time. (接if / whether从句)我怀疑这次他是否会早一点儿来。 【经典练】 1．There is no ________ that Mary will be the winner because she is the best player. A．doubt B．chance C．reason D．matter 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，Mary会获胜因为她是最好的运动员。 考查名词辨析。doubt疑问；chance机会；reason原因；matter事情。There is no doubt that意为“毫无疑问”，that引导的同位语从句，是对名词doubt的进一步解释说明。故选A。 2．— Why are you unhappy? — Because my parents seem to ________ what I have said. A．doubt B．admit C．believe 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么不高兴？——因为我的父母似乎怀疑我所说的话。 考查动词辨析。doubt怀疑；admit承认；believe认为。根据“Why are you unhappy”及“my parents seem to …what I have said”可知，父母怀疑我说的话所以让我不开心，故选A。 【写作佳句】 As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that Guangzhou is good choice for you to visit. 考点10.divide...into把……分开 【教材原句】Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把班上的人分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。 【句型剖析】 divide...into把……分开 其被动结构为 be divided into，意为＂被分为……＂。 Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 让我们分成几个小组吧。 divide 及物动词，意为＂分开；分散＂，指把整体分成若干部分。 He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。 【经典练】 1．The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year _________ 24 solar terms (节气). A．with B．to C．into D．of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：传统的中国农历将一年分为24个节气。考查介词辨析。with和；to到；into进入；of……的。divide…into“把……分成”，故选C。 2．More people begin to ________ the rubbish into plastic (塑料), glass and paper before throwing it away. A．break B．change C．divide D．cut 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的人开始把垃圾分为塑料、玻璃和纸，然后扔掉。 考查动词辨析。break弄坏；change改变；divide使……分开；cut切割。根据“plastic (塑料), glass and paper”可知，对垃圾进行分类，故选C。 考点11.stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事 【教材原句】At the same time ,they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对手将球打进自己的篮筐 【句型剖析】stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事 stop sb.from doing sth.相当于prevent sb.from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。 No one can stop us (from) carrying out the plan. 没有人能阻止我们实施这个计划。 The water must be prevented from polluting by us. 我们必须阻止水被污染。 【经典练】 1．Nothing can stop us ________ hard. A．to work B．from work C．of working D．from working 【答案】D 【详解】句意：没有什么能阻止我们努力工作。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，固定短语，故介词应用from，后接动名词working。故选D。 2．When the dancers stopped ________ to us, we all couldn’t stop ________ excitedly. A．waving; to shout B．to wave; shouting C．waving; shouting D．to wave; to shout 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当舞蹈者们停下来向我们挥手时，我们激动地禁不住大喊起来。 考查stop的用法。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事，stop doing sth.停止做某事。第一空表示舞蹈者停下跳舞向我们挥手，因此是stop to do sth.；第二空是固定搭配，can’t stop doing sth.“忍不住做某事”。故选B。 【写作佳句】 I never stopped complaining to you that it was you who missed the goal. 考点12.not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 【教材原句】Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅已成为一项受欢迎的运动，而且也已成为一种受欢迎的观看运动。 【句型剖析】not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。 Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。 not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。 Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。 【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有： (1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个) Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。 (3) there be结构 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 【经典练】 1．Not only you but also your friend ________ so polite that we like to talk with you two. A．is B．are C．am 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅你而且你的朋友也都很有礼貌，因此我们很乐意与你们交谈。 考查系动词。is的主语是第三人称单数；are的主语是第三人称复数或者第二人称；am的主语是第一人称单数。not only...but also连接主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词或者系动词和靠近的主语保持一致；该句中靠近系动词的是“your friend”，所以系动词用is，故选A。 2．—In many foreign countries, people can hardly avoid buying products made in China. —However, ________ “Made in China” ________ “Created in China” is what we need. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在许多国家，人们几乎无法避免购买中国制造的产品。——然而，我们不仅需要“中国制造”，也需要“中国创造”。 考查连词辨析。neither ... nor既不……也不……；either ... or要么……要么……；not only ... but also不仅……而且……。根据“ ... ‘Made in China’ ... ‘Created in China’ is what we need.”可知，不仅“中国制造”，而且“中国创造”也是我们需要的。故选C。 【写作佳句】 I will never forget this experience, because I not only learned how to swim, but also learned to be brave! 考点13.look up to 钦佩；仰慕 【教材原句】Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 【句型剖析】look up to 钦佩；仰慕 I looked up to Thomas Edison when I was a child.当我是个孩子的时候我很钦佩托马斯·爱迪生。 其反义短语是look down on 看不起，鄙视。 【拓展】look的常用短语： look up 向上看；查阅(词典) look down 向下看 look after 照看；照顾 look around 环顾四周 look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望 【经典练】 1．—Michael Jackson was called the king of pop, wasn’t he? —Of course. He ________ by people all over the world. A．was looked at B．was looked up to C．was looked for D．was looked down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——迈克尔·杰克逊被称为流行音乐之王，不是吗？——当然。他受到全世界人民的尊敬。考查动词短语。look at看；look up to尊敬；look for寻找；look down俯视。根据题干中“Michael Jackson was called the king of pop, wasn’t he?”可推出此处是说迈克尔·杰克逊受到人们的尊敬。故选B。 【写作佳句】 Whenever I meet a difficulty, I’ll look up in reference books or search for an answer online. 考点14.hero n. 英雄 【教材原句】Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 【句型剖析】hero /’hɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄 It is believed that all astronauts are real heroes. 人们认为所有的宇航员都是真正的英雄。 hero的复数形式是在其后加-es构成的。 巧记以o结尾加-es变复数的名词： 黑人(Negro) 英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿 (tomato) 炒土豆(potato)。 【经典练】 1．The doctors saved lots of people during the fighting against the disease. They are our true ________. A．heroes B．pioneers C．competitors 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在与疾病的斗争中，医生们拯救了许多人的生命。他们是我们真正的英雄。 考查名词辨析。hero英雄；pioneer先驱；competitor竞争对手。根据“The doctors saved lots of people during the fighting against the disease”可知，医生拯救了许多人的生命，所以他们是英雄，故选A。 考点15. encourage 鼓励 【教材原句】These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力实现梦想。 【句型剖析】 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。 【拓展】encourage sb. in sth. 意为＂在……方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人＂。 Don’t encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。 【经典练】 1．Our teacher often encourages us _______ our dreams no matter what will happen. A．to give up B．not to give up C．not give up D．not giving up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师经常鼓励我们不要放弃我们的梦想，不管会发生什么。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb (not) to do sth“鼓励某人（不要）做某事”，结合“Our teacher often encourages us...our dreams no matter what will happen.”可知，不要放弃梦想，故选B。 2．Teachers often encourage us ________ hard to achieve our dreams. A．work B．working C．works D．to work 【答案】D 【详解】 句意：老师经常鼓励我们努力工作以实现我们的梦想。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，固定短语。故选D。 【写作佳句】 Teachers can also understand the students and encourage students to learn. 一．语法精讲——一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态： 1. 肯定结构：was / were+过去分词； 2. 否定结构：wasn’t / weren’t+过去分词； 3. 一般疑问句把was / were放到句首。 如：The school was built 100 years ago. 这所学校是100年前建造的。 He wasn’t invited to the party. Were you invited? 他没有被邀请去聚会。你被邀请了吗？ 使用被动语态时的注意事项 1.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要忽略间接宾语的介词。 Eg.We gave some flowers to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day. 教师节那天，我们送给了高老师一些花。 →Some flowers were given to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day(by us). 2.含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。 Eg.We handed in our homework last Friday. 上周五我们上交了家庭作业。 →Our homework was handed in last Friday(by us). 3.在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。 Eg.I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. 我看到他穿过马路走进了商店。 →He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop(by me). 4.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，既可将间接宾语转化为主语，也可将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 Eg.My mother gave me a pencil. 妈妈送给我一支铅笔。 →I was given a pencil by my mother. →A pencil was given to me by my mother. 【经典练】 1．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 2．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 3．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 4．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Ben，照片上穿蓝衣服的男孩是谁？——这是我哥哥。这张照片是五年前拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“five years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 5．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。 6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A．was taught B．were taught C．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。 考查被动语态。主语The students和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“just now”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。 7．（2023·四川乐山·中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old. A．took B．was taken C．is taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——照片里的小女孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。 考查被动语态。主语“The photo”与动词take之间是被动关系，结合“when I was five years old.”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选B。 8．（2023·湖南株洲·中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago. A．was brought B．is brought C．brought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫大约三周前被带回北京。考查被动语态。主语“Panda Ya Ya”与动词bring是被动关系，结合“three weeks ago”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 9．（2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023. A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 10．（2023·山东滨州·中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race? —He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now. A．will expect to do B．is expected doing C．has expected doing D．was expected to do 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。 11．（2023·湖南怀化·中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday. A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。 12．（2023·江西·中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it. A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。 13．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。 考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（were done）。故选D。 14．（2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success! —Yes. I knew many trees ______ for a better environment. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哇，2023年友谊森林植树活动非常成功！——是的。我知道为了更好的环境种了很多树。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。knew后是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态。从句主语trees和谓语动词plant之间是动宾关系，树被种植，需用被动语态be+done。主语是复数trees，用一般过去时的被动语态were planted。故选B。 15．（2022·青海·中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents ________ to cheer us up. A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校上周五举行了毕业典礼。所有的家长都被邀请来给我们打气。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last Friday”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 16．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool! A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：第二届“天宫讲座”拉开帷幕！冰墩墩被用作教学工具！ 考查动词短语和时态。be used for被用于做某事，表示用途；be used as被用作……，表示身份或工具。根据“kicked”可知时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A，C；结合“Bing Dwen Dwen ... a teaching tool!”可知，冰墩墩被当作教学工具使用，故选D。 17．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart. A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused 【答案】C 【详解】句意：斯普德·韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝，但他没有灰心。考查被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即他被拒绝，故为被动语态。结合“but he didn’t lose heart.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故为一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were done。故选C。 18．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Three Chinese astronauts（宇航员） ________ to China Space Station successfully on June 5, 2022. A．sent B．are sent C．were sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：三名中国宇航员在2022年6月5日被成功送往中国空间站。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“on June 5, 2022”可知句子应用一般过去时。主语Three Chinese astronauts为复数名词，与动词send“派送”存在逻辑上的被动关系，句子应用被动语态，其结构为were sent。故选C。 19．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago. A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知kite和动词invent之间是被动关系，结合“over 2000 years ago.”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 20．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李燕被邀请参加昨天的欢迎会。 考查一般过去时被动语态。根据yesterday可知，此句是一般过去时，主语Li Yan与动词invite之间是被动语态，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选C。 二．写作精讲——谈论发明物的历史及用途 当前，科技发展日新月异，高新产业更是突飞猛进。现代科技改变了人们的生活，也激发了全民学科学、爱科学、用科学的热情，形成了“大众创业，万众创新”的科学热潮。本单元以“谈论发明物的历史及用途”为话题，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。在中考中，说明文一般要按照“总一分”结构或并列结构布局，而且在说明一件事物的时候，应按照一定的顺序：如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻提职序等。 体裁：说明文 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：第三人称。 思路：1. What’s it and when was it invented?       2. What’s it used for? 3. What does it look like?                   4. How does it work? 5. How much is it? 1. I think … is a very useful invention. 我认为……是一项很有用的发明。 2. … was invented by … ……是由…… (某人)发明的 3. … was invented in … ……是在…… (某时间)发明的 4. It was used for … 它被用来…… 5. … is made of ……… 是由……(材料)制成的 6. ...have changed our life a lot. 极大地改变了我们的生活 7. . Which is the most useful invention?最有用的发明 8 .It makes my life more enjoyable and more convenient.他让我的生活更舒适和方便。 列提纲 写句子 推销你的新发明 引出话题 (1)This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for taking notes quickly. It is very useful if you have a lot to write down.(这种特殊的钢笔是刘杰发明的。它有三种颜色，用于快速记笔记。如果你有很多东西要写，这是非常有用的。). 用途、原理、特色、价格 (2) The pen comes with a microchip that can store a list of common words that you will use. You can program the words you will use often into the microchip's memory, then assign a short form to each word. When you are writing, you just need to write the short forms with the pen, press a button on the pen and all short forms will change into the actual words. The microchip can contain up to 50 words and you can make changes to the list of words whenever you need to.(笔带有一个微芯片，可以存储你将要使用的常用单词列表。您可以将经常使用的单词编入微芯片的内存，然后为每个单词指定一个简短的形式。当你写作时，你只需要用钢笔写下简短的形式，按下笔上的一个按钮，所有的简短形式就会变成实际的单词。微芯片最多可以包含50个单词，您可以随时更改单词列表。).  (3)You must want to know how much my new invention is. It’s 500 yuan. It’s not very expensive, is it?(价格).  推荐购买 (4)I think the pen is so convenient and helpful .I believe you will also be happy with it.They are going to change your homework completely .(我认为这支笔是如此方便和有用。我相信你也会很高兴拥有它。他们将彻底改变你的作业。) This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for taking notes quickly. It is very useful if you have a lot to write down. The pen comes with a microchip that can store a list of common words that you will use. You can program the words you will use often into the microchip's memory, then assign a short form to each word. When you are writing, you just need to write the short forms with the pen, press a button on the pen and all short forms will change into the actual words. The microchip can contain up to 50 words and you can make changes to the list of words whenever you need to.You must want to know how much my new invention is. It’s 500 yuan. It’s not very expensive, is it?I think the pen is so convenient and helpful .I believe you will also be happy with it.They are going to change your homework completely . Section A 一、 重点单词 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. electricity n. 电；电能 electric adj. 带电的； 2. style n. 样式；款式 3. project n. 项目；工程 4. pleasure n. 高兴；愉快 pleased adj. 感到高兴的；感到愉悦的 pleasant adj. 5. website n. 网站 6. pioneer n. 先驱 7. list n.名单；清单v.列表；列清单 8. mention v.提到；说道 mentioned adj.被提到的(后置定语) 9.accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的 accident n. 意外事故 10.ruler n.统治者，支配者；尺子 rule n.规则；统治 v. 统治 11. boil v. 煮沸；烧开 boiled adj. 煮开过的 boiling adj. 正在沸腾的 12. remain v.保持不变；剩余 remaining adj.剩下的；剩余的 13. smell v.发出…气味;闻到（smelt；smelt） n．气味 14. national adj. 国家的；民族的 international adj. 国际的nation n. 国家；民族 15. trade n. 贸易；交易 v. 做买卖；从事贸易 trader n. 买卖者 16. doubt n.疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 undoubtedly adv. 毫无疑问地 17. fridge n. 冰箱 18. low adj. 低的；矮的 lower v. 降低 19.somebody pron.某人n.重要人物 20. translate v. 翻译 translation n. 译文 translator n. 翻译者 21. lock v. 锁上；锁住 n. 锁 unlock v. 打开 22. earthquake n.地震 23. sudden adj. 突然的 suddenly adv.突然 24. musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 music UC 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 25. instrument n.器械；仪器；工具 二、重点短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. run on electricity 用电加热的 2. be used for seeing in the dark 用来在夜里看清 3. have a point 有道理 4. the pioneers of different inventions 不同发明的先驱们 5. be used widely 被广泛运用 6. be invented by accident偶然地被发明 7. an accidental invention 一个偶然的发明 8. boil drinking water 烧饮用水 9. over an open fire 在室外的火上 10. produce a nice smell 散发一种怡人的香味 11. a few thousand years later 几千年以后 12. during the 6th and 7th centuries 在六，七世纪期间 13. in less than 100 years 在不到一百年间 14. the tea trade from China to Western countries 从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易 15. take place 发生 16. spread the popularity of tea 扩大茶叶的普及 17. without doubt 毫无疑问 18. best understand the nature of tea 最懂茶的本质 19. sell … at a low price 已低价出售 20. translate the book into different languages 把书翻译成不同的语言 21. happen all of a sudden=happen suddenly 突然发生 22. be brought to a safe place被带到个安全地方 23. work on the invention of the telephone 从事电话的发明 24. send musical notes 发送音符 25. through an instrument similar to a telephone 通过一个类似电话的装 Section B 一、重点单词： 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. crispy adj. 脆的；酥脆的 2. salty adjcb88x. 咸的 salt n. 盐 salted adj. 被盐腌制的 3. sour adj.酸的；有酸味的 4. customer n. 顾客；客户 custom n. 风俗 5. Canadian adj. 加拿大的 n. 加拿大人 Canada n. 加拿大 6. divide v. 分开；分散 division n.分割；分裂 7. basket n.篮；筐 8. professional adj. 职业的；专业的 profession n. 职业，专业 professor n. 教授 9. hero n. 英雄；男主角 (pl. heroes) heroine n. 女主角 二、重点短语： 1. do sth. by accident=do sth. by chance 偶然做某事 2. do sth. by mistake 错误地做了某事 3. cut sth. too thick 把……切得太厚 4. cut sth. really really thin 把……切得很薄很薄 5. make the customer happy 让顾客高兴/满意 6. the history of potato chips 土豆片的历史 7. a cook called George Crum 一位叫做George Crum的厨师 8. put lots of salt on sth.在……上撒很多盐 9. decide on sth. 决定某物 10. add/put salt into the soup 往汤里加盐 11. the sour taste 酸味 12. dream of/about doing sth.梦想做某事 13. the popularity of… ……的流行/普及/受欢迎程度 14. for fun and exercise 为了娱乐或锻炼 15. stop/prevent/ keep ... from doing 阻止...做某事 16. America’s NBA game美国的NBA比赛 17. a game to be played inside 在室内玩的游戏 18. divide…into… 把……划分成…… 19. work together 团结协作 20. an event at the Olympics=an Olympic event 一个奥运项目 21. players on the same team 同一个球队的球 22. the professional basketball groups 专业的篮球队 23. look up to sb. 尊敬 敬仰 look down upon 瞧不起 24.the number of ……的数量 a number of 许多 大量 25. achieve one’s dream=realize one’s dream =make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想 三、重点句子 1. 1. the style of the shoes 鞋的样式★ style短语： in style 流行的；时髦的 out of style 过时的 a life style生活方式 2. --- Can you help me think of an invention? 你能帮我想个发明吗？★★ --- My pleasure! 乐意效劳！ 辨析：pleasure, pleased, pleasing, please与pleasant pleasure，名词，“愉快，高兴”，多用于口语：It’s my pleasure./ With pleasure. pleased，形容词，“高兴的，喜欢的”，修饰人； pleasing，形容词，“令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的；使人满意的，合意的”，修饰物； please，及物动词，“使高兴、满意、愉快”等；不及物动词，“高兴，愉快”等； pleasant，形容词，定语，“令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，修饰事物，不能修饰人。 3. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是这么伟大的一项发明吗? ★★ 辨析：such与so such，形容词，后接名词或名词短语： such (a/ an) + adj. + n. ； some/ any/ no…+ such + n. so，副词，后接形容词或副词： so + adj./ adv. 或so + adj. + a/ an + n.； so many/ much/ few/ little + n. 例句： 我以前从未见过如此美丽的地方。I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 对不起，我没有这样的书。I’m sorry that I have no such books. 我的爸爸给我买了一只如此可爱的狗。My father bought me so lovely a dog. 他的房间里有如此多的书。 He has so many books in his room. 注意：so + adj. + a/ an + n. = such a/ an + adj. + n. 4. Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives. 想想在我们的日常生活中它多久被用一次。★ think of 记起，想起；考虑；想像；关心 think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑；重新考虑 5. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. 一些叶子从茶树上落入这水里并在里面停留了一段时间。 1 fall 短语：★ fall into 落入；陷入 fall behind落后 fall down摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡 2 辨析：some time, sometimes, some times与sometime ★★ some time，名词短语，“一段时间”，对它提问用how long； sometimes，频度副词，“有时”，一般用于一般现在时； some times，名词短语，“几次；几倍”，其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times； sometime，副词，“某时”，对它提问用when。 6. …one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. …世界上最受欢迎的饮料诞生了。★ one of 后接复数名词或代词宾格形式，意为“…之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： 《功夫熊猫》是最有趣的电影之一。Kung Fu Panda is one of the most interesting films. 他们当中的一个擅长英语。One of them is good at English. one of + the + 形容词的最高级+名词复数形式，意为“最…之一”。 7. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 人们认为在6世纪和7世纪期间，茶被带到了韩国和日本。★★ It is believed that…相当于People believe that…意为“人们认为…”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 类似的句型还有： It is said that…据说…； It is reported that…据报道…； It’s known that…众所周知…； It is supposed / thought that…人们认为…。 8. Potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯条是无意中被发明的。★ mistake短语： by mistake无意中；错误地 make a mistake犯错误 mistake …for…把…错认成… 9. It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. 篮球运动有100多年的历史了，有200多个国家的一亿多人打篮球。★ over用法： 1 over介词，意为“多于；超过”，相当于more than，说明数目和程度； 2 表示“在…之上”，垂直且不接触，反义词为under； 3 表示“在…期间；在…时间内”； 4 表示“穿越”，指从某物的上方越过； 5 表示“到处；各处”。 10. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. 许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们一样的人。 1 look短语：★ look up to sb. 尊敬( 某人),仰慕（某人），钦佩（某人） look about/around 环顾四周,随便看看，到处看看； look after sb./ sth. 照顾（某人/某物），照料（某人/某物），关心（某人/某物）。 look down upon/ on sb./ sth. 看不起(某人/某事)，瞧不起(某人/某事)。 look for sth. 寻找（某物/某事）。 look forward to n./ v-ing 期待…，盼望…。 look into sth. 调查(某事)，研究(某事)，了解(某事)。 look like sb. 看起来像[某人]。 look out 向外看，注意，当心，小心。如： look over sth. 审阅(某物)，翻阅(某物)，打量(某物)，检查(某物),看一下(某物) look sb. over 上下打量（某人），看看（某人） look through sth. 翻阅(某物)，浏览(某物)。 look up 查阅…在…中，查找。 2 hero可数名词，复数形式为heroes. ★ 11. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习。 1 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ★ encourage sb. in sth. 在…方面助长某人的行为/ 鼓励某人 2 to achieve their dreams是不定式短语，作work hard的目的状语，意为“为了实现他们的梦想”。动词不定式作目的状语，通常意为“为了…”。★★★ 例句： 为了赶早班公共汽车，她早早地起了床。She got up early to catch the early bus. $$Unit 1 When was it invented？ Unit6 话题 谈论发明物的历史及用途 词汇 1. 鞋跟；足跟 2. 勺；铲子 3. 电；电能 4. 样式；款式 5. 英雄；男主角 6. 高兴；愉快 7. 拉链；拉锁 8. 网站 9. 先锋；先驱 10. 统治者；支配者 11. 受欢迎；普及 12. 冰箱 13. 地震 14. 钟（声） 15. 饼干 16. 曲奇饼 17. 器械；仪器；工具 18. 顾客；客户 19. 篮；筐 20. 项目；工程 21. 提到；说到 22. 煮沸；烧开 23. 保持不变；剩余 24. 翻译 25. （使）发出钟声或铃声；打电话26. 分开；分散 27. 几乎 28. 每日的；日常的 29. 意外的；偶然的 30. 低的；矮的 31. 国家的；民族的 32. 突然（的） 33. 音乐的 34. 脆的；酥脆的 35. 咸的 36. 酸的；有酸味的 37. 职业的；专业的 38. （v）列表；列清单（n）名单；清单 39. （n）气味（v）发出……气味；闻到 40. （n）贸易；交易（v）做买卖；从事贸易 41. （n）疑惑；疑问（v）怀疑 42. （pron）某人（n）重要人物 43. （v）锁上；锁住（n）锁 44. （adj）加拿大的；加拿大人的（n）加拿大人 短语 1. by accident 偶然的；意外的 2. take place  发生；出现 3. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 4. all of a sudden 突然；猛地 5. be used for (doing sth.)  =be used to (do sth.) 被用来做…… 6. It is said that… 据说 7. fall into  落入；掉入 8. It is believed that 人们认为 9. bring to  带到；带入 10. less than  少于；不到  more than  多于 11. know about  了解 12. the nature of tea 茶的本质 13. at a low price 以很低的价格 14. have a point 有道理 15. the style of ……的样式 16. in our daily life 在我们的日常生活中 17. some time  一段时间 18. the saint of tea 茶圣 19. in the 19th century 在19世纪 20. run on electricity 靠电力驱动 21. change the world 改变世界 22. by mistake 错误地；无意中 23. divide…into 把……分开 24. look up to  钦佩；仰慕 25. in the end = finally = at last最终；最后 26. dream of  梦想；向往；渴望 27. achieve one’s dream= realize one’s dream = make one’s dream come true实现某人的梦想 28. decide on  决定；选定 29. at the same time 同时 30. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 31. the number of ……的数量 32. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 33. not only…but also… 不但……而且 34. such a great invention 如此伟大的一项发明 35. think of/ about 想；考虑 36. come up with 想出 37. the popularity of… ……的普及 38.translate…into… 把……翻译成…… 39. a cook called  一个叫……的厨师 40. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 41. more and more 越来越…… 42. take notes  记笔记 43. lead to  导致；导向 44. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 45. need to do sth.  需要做某事 句型 1. When was it invented？它是什么时候发明的? 2. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？ 3.For example, it mentioned that zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.例如,它提到拉链是1893年由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 4. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.但在当时，它并没有被广泛使用。 5. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说,有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现茶可以饮用。 6.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出一股香味,因此他尝了一下这棕色的水。 7. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现，但… 8.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.即使现在许多人知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶之本质的人。 9.George wanted to make the customer happy.乔治想让那位顾客满意。 10.Then in1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.1936年在柏林，它成为奥运会的一个项目。 11.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把班上的人分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。 12.At the same time ,they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对手将球打进自己的篮筐 13.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅已成为一项受欢迎的运动，而且也已成为一种受欢迎的观看运动。 14.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 15.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力实现梦想。 语法 一般过去时被动语态； 写作 谈论发明物的历史及用途 考点1 .…was invented … “某物被发明……” 【教材原句】When was it invented？它是什么时候发明的 【句型剖析】…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”，是被动句式。例如： The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese. 算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。 Who was the light bulb invented by？灯泡是由谁发明的？ 【拓展】 被动语态的结构是：主语+be done（及物动词的过去分词），be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。 （1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are done 例如： The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class. 黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。 （2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done 例如： The computer was invented last century. 电脑是上个世纪被发明的。 （3）一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will be done 例如： A new school will be built in our village next year. 明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。 （4）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done 例如： A sports meeting is being held in our school now. 运动会正在我们学校举行。 （5）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done 例如： All of the work has been finished since I came here. 自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。 （6）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如： Your homework must be handed in after school. 你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。 （7）复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时，在被动语态中需要还原to。 They heard her sing an English song at the party. 他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。 变为被动语态是：She was heard to sing an English song at the party. 【经典练】 1．—________ was the zipper invented? —In 1893. A．When B．How C．Why D．Where 2．The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A．is invented B．invented C．was invented D．was inventing 考点2.With pleasure! 乐意效劳！ 【易混辨析】易错点：it’s a pleasure, my pleasure与with pleasure It’s a pleasure 意为“不客气”，对别人的感谢的礼貌回答 My pleasure With pleasure 意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意 Eg.►—Thank you very much! 多谢！ —It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。 ►—Could you help me look after my dog while I’m away? 我不在家时你能帮我照看一下我的狗吗？ —With pleasure. 乐意效劳。 【经典练】 1．—Excuse me, can you help me with that heavy box? —________. A．Well done B．My pleasure C．Yes, please D．It doesn’t matter 2．—You did very well in English. Could you help me with my English? —________ A．That’s right. B．What a pity! C．With pleasure. D．I hope so. 考点3.such如此 【教材原句】Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？ 【句型剖析】such用作形容词，修饰名词。主要用法有： (1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 He got such a bad cold that he coughed day and night.他得了如此重的感冒以至于整日整夜咳嗽。 (2)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句。 She has made such great progress that many people like her. 她取得如此大的进步，许多人都喜欢她。 (3)such＋adj.＋名词复数＋that从句。 They are such interesting books that we all like them. 它们是如此有趣的书，我们都喜欢它们。 such (a/an) + adj. + n. 意为＂如此……的(一个)……＂。 Why do you buy such expensive clothes? 【经典练】 1．—Have you seen the science fiction movie John Carter of Mars, John? —Yeah, it’s truly worth ________. It’s ________ moving that I have seen it twice. A．seeing; too B．to see; enough C．seeing; so D．to see; such 2．Andy has made ______ this term that his parents will award him a new laptop. A．such a great progress B．so great a progress C．such great progress D．so a great progress 【写作佳句】 Now Su Bingtian is a sport star. In the evening, we can do such activities as popular games and group dance around the fire. 考点 4.mention 提到;说到 【教材原句】For example, it mentioned that zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.例如,它提到拉链是1893年由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 【句型剖析】mention作及物动词,意为“提到;说到”,后面可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。 mention+that从句 用法 mention sb./sth.(to sb.)(向某人)提起某人/某事 mention doing sth.提到做某事 He mentioned that the food was invented by a Chinese. 他提到这种食物是由一个中国人发明的。 Nobody mentioned it to me.没人向我提过这事。 Whenever I mention having dinner together, he says he's too busy. 无论何时我提起一块儿吃饭,他都说太忙。 【拓展】 “Don't mention it.”常用于口语中,多用作回复他人道谢或道 歉时的答语,意为“不用谢;没关系” —Thank you very much.多谢你了。 —Don't mention it.不客气。 —I'm sorry to have troubled you.抱歉打扰你了。 —Don't mention it.没关系。 【经典练】 1．—Thank you for helping me with my English. I’ve got a high grade this time. —______ That’s what friends are for. A．Don’t mention it. B．It doesn’t matter. C．In your dreams. D．Cheer up. 2．—Do you know that Jeff has been chosen as the monitor of his class? —Really? Nobody ________ anything to me about it. A．mention B．mentioned C．will mention D．was mentioned 考点5. sth. be used… “某物被使用……” 【教材原句】But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.但在当时，它并没有被广泛使用。 【句型剖析】 sth. be used…是被动语态句式，表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配： （1）be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如： 　 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。 （2）be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”。 它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如： Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。 （3）be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。 　 This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。 （4）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。 It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English. 它是被用来学习英语的。 【经典练】 1．Modern technologies ________ in the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. A．were used B．are used C．will be used 【写作佳句】 English is widely used in the world. 考点6.It is said that… “据说……” 【教材原句】It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说,有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现茶可以饮用。 【句型剖析】It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的 思是“据说……”。例如： It is said that Mary is very happy in London. （主语从句） = They say that Mary is very happy in London.（宾语从句） 据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。 【拓展】 另外类似的句型有：It is believed…（人们相信），It is reported that …（据报道），It is supposed that… （据猜测）It is known that...众所周知......。例如： It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played. 人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 It is supposed that there is no life on the moon. 据推测月球上是没有生命的。 It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。 【经典练】 1．______ is said that our history teacher often does volunteer work on weekends. A．One B．It C．This D．That 2．—________ that He Jiong will come to Tongren. —________ exciting news! A．It said; What B．It is said; What C．It said; How D．It is said; How 考点7.smell气味；闻到 【教材原句】It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出一股香味,因此他尝了一下这棕色的水。 【句型剖析】 smell (1)作名词,意为“气味”,常与of连用,表示“......的气味”。 There's a delicious smell coming from the kitchen.厨房里传来一阵香味。 The air was filled with the smell of flowers.空气中弥漫着花香。 (2)作动词时有两种用法:表示“发出......的气味”时,smell是连系动词,表示“闻到”时,smell是及物动词,不用于进行时。 The fish smells delicious.鱼闻起来很香。 Can you smell something?你闻到什么气味了吗? 【归纳】feel,look, sound, smell, taste这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态,其意思分别为“感觉”,“看”,“听”,“闻”,“尝起来”。 I'm feeling terrible.我感到难受极了。 The soup tastes delicious.这汤味道不错。 These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 【经典练】 1．—Can you ________ something delicious?   —Yes, Mom is making chicken soup in the kitchen. A．smell B．produce C．polish D．list 【写作佳句】 In my free time, I also try hard to avoid using the mobile phone or computer. 考点8.until 直到…… 【教材原句】 In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现，但… 【句型剖析】until意为“直到……”，有下列用法： （1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如： She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 (2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 【经典练】 1．It ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________ I found we had a lot in common. A．was until; when B．was until; that C．wasn’t until; when D．wasn’t until; that 2．Life is often compared to a journey. We have to keep walking ________ we get to the final destination. A．so B．until C．and D．but 【写作佳句】 Some people don’t come back home until midnight. 考点9.doubt 疑惑;疑问 【教材原句】Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.即使现在许多人知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶之本质的人。 【句型剖析】doubt在本句中作名词,意为“疑惑;疑问”。 短语 without doubt毫无疑问;的确 I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good.她刚开始做时我心存疑虑,但她真的做得很好。 Without doubt, factory farming is bad news.毫无疑问，工厂化的农场经营管理是坏消息。 【拓展】doubt还可作动词,意为“怀疑”,后常接名词、代词或that /if/ whether引导的从句作宾语。 They doubt the truth of it.(接名词)他们怀疑此事的真实性。 We don't doubt that you are right.(接that从句)我们不怀疑你是对的。 I doubt if / whether he will come earlier this time. (接if / whether从句)我怀疑这次他是否会早一点儿来。 【经典练】 1．There is no ________ that Mary will be the winner because she is the best player. A．doubt B．chance C．reason D．matter 2．— Why are you unhappy? — Because my parents seem to ________ what I have said. A．doubt B．admit C．believe 【写作佳句】 As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that Guangzhou is good choice for you to visit. 考点10.divide...into把……分开 【教材原句】Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把班上的人分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。 【句型剖析】 divide...into把……分开 其被动结构为 be divided into，意为＂被分为……＂。 Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 让我们分成几个小组吧。 divide 及物动词，意为＂分开；分散＂，指把整体分成若干部分。 He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。 【经典练】 1．The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year _________ 24 solar terms (节气). A．with B．to C．into D．of 2．More people begin to ________ the rubbish into plastic (塑料), glass and paper before throwing it away. A．break B．change C．divide D．cut 考点11.stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事 【教材原句】At the same time ,they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对手将球打进自己的篮筐 【句型剖析】stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事 stop sb.from doing sth.相当于prevent sb.from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。 No one can stop us (from) carrying out the plan. 没有人能阻止我们实施这个计划。 The water must be prevented from polluting by us. 我们必须阻止水被污染。 【经典练】 1．Nothing can stop us ________ hard. A．to work B．from work C．of working D．from working 2．When the dancers stopped ________ to us, we all couldn’t stop ________ excitedly. A．waving; to shout B．to wave; shouting C．waving; shouting D．to wave; to shout 【写作佳句】 I never stopped complaining to you that it was you who missed the goal. 考点12.not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 【教材原句】Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅已成为一项受欢迎的运动，而且也已成为一种受欢迎的观看运动。 【句型剖析】not only... but also... 不但……而且…… 以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。 Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。 not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。 Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。 【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有： (1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个) Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。 (3) there be结构 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 【经典练】 1．Not only you but also your friend ________ so polite that we like to talk with you two. A．is B．are C．am 2．—In many foreign countries, people can hardly avoid buying products made in China. —However, ________ “Made in China” ________ “Created in China” is what we need. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not only; but also 【写作佳句】 I will never forget this experience, because I not only learned how to swim, but also learned to be brave! 考点13.look up to 钦佩；仰慕 【教材原句】Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 【句型剖析】look up to 钦佩；仰慕 I looked up to Thomas Edison when I was a child.当我是个孩子的时候我很钦佩托马斯·爱迪生。 其反义短语是look down on 看不起，鄙视。 【拓展】look的常用短语： look up 向上看；查阅(词典) look down 向下看 look after 照看；照顾 look around 环顾四周 look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望 【经典练】 1．—Michael Jackson was called the king of pop, wasn’t he? —Of course. He ________ by people all over the world. A．was looked at B．was looked up to C．was looked for D．was looked down 【写作佳句】 Whenever I meet a difficulty, I’ll look up in reference books or search for an answer online. 考点14.hero n. 英雄 【教材原句】Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。 【句型剖析】hero /’hɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄 It is believed that all astronauts are real heroes. 人们认为所有的宇航员都是真正的英雄。 hero的复数形式是在其后加-es构成的。 巧记以o结尾加-es变复数的名词： 黑人(Negro) 英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿 (tomato) 炒土豆(potato)。 【经典练】 1．The doctors saved lots of people during the fighting against the disease. They are our true ________. A．heroes B．pioneers C．competitors 考点15. encourage 鼓励 【教材原句】These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力实现梦想。 【句型剖析】 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。 【拓展】encourage sb. in sth. 意为＂在……方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人＂。 Don’t encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。 【经典练】 1．Our teacher often encourages us _______ our dreams no matter what will happen. A．to give up B．not to give up C．not give up D．not giving up 2．Teachers often encourage us ________ hard to achieve our dreams. A．work B．working C．works D．to work 【写作佳句】 Teachers can also understand the students and encourage students to learn. 一．语法精讲——一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态： 1. 肯定结构：was / were+过去分词； 2. 否定结构：wasn’t / weren’t+过去分词； 3. 一般疑问句把was / were放到句首。 如：The school was built 100 years ago. 这所学校是100年前建造的。 He wasn’t invited to the party. Were you invited? 他没有被邀请去聚会。你被邀请了吗？ 使用被动语态时的注意事项 1.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要忽略间接宾语的介词。 Eg.We gave some flowers to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day. 教师节那天，我们送给了高老师一些花。 →Some flowers were given to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day(by us). 2.含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。 Eg.We handed in our homework last Friday. 上周五我们上交了家庭作业。 →Our homework was handed in last Friday(by us). 3.在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。 Eg.I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. 我看到他穿过马路走进了商店。 →He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop(by me). 4.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，既可将间接宾语转化为主语，也可将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 Eg.My mother gave me a pencil. 妈妈送给我一支铅笔。 →I was given a pencil by my mother. →A pencil was given to me by my mother. 【经典练】 1．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 2．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 3．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 4．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 5．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A．was taught B．were taught C．taught 7．（2023·四川乐山·中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old. A．took B．was taken C．is taken 8．（2023·湖南株洲·中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago. A．was brought B．is brought C．brought 9．（2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023. A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought 10．（2023·山东滨州·中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race? —He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now. A．will expect to do B．is expected doing C．has expected doing D．was expected to do 11．（2023·湖南怀化·中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday. A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten 12．（2023·江西·中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it. A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given 13．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced 14．（2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success! —Yes. I knew many trees ______ for a better environment. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．are planted 15．（2022·青海·中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents ________ to cheer us up. A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited 16．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool! A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as 17．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart. A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused 18．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Three Chinese astronauts（宇航员） ________ to China Space Station successfully on June 5, 2022. A．sent B．are sent C．were sent 19．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago. A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented 20．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite 二．写作精讲——谈论发明物的历史及用途 当前，科技发展日新月异，高新产业更是突飞猛进。现代科技改变了人们的生活，也激发了全民学科学、爱科学、用科学的热情，形成了“大众创业，万众创新”的科学热潮。本单元以“谈论发明物的历史及用途”为话题，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。在中考中，说明文一般要按照“总一分”结构或并列结构布局，而且在说明一件事物的时候，应按照一定的顺序：如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻提职序等。 体裁：说明文 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：第三人称。 思路：1. What’s it and when was it invented?       2. What’s it used for? 3. What does it look like?                   4. How does it work? 5. How much is it? 1. I think … is a very useful invention. 我认为……是一项很有用的发明。 2. … was invented by … ……是由…… (某人)发明的 3. … was invented in … ……是在…… (某时间)发明的 4. It was used for … 它被用来…… 5. … is made of ……… 是由……(材料)制成的 6. ...have changed our life a lot. 极大地改变了我们的生活 7. . Which is the most useful invention?最有用的发明 8 .It makes my life more enjoyable and more convenient.他让我的生活更舒适和方便。 列提纲 写句子 推销你的新发明 引出话题 (1)This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for taking notes quickly. It is very useful if you have a lot to write down.(这种特殊的钢笔是刘杰发明的。它有三种颜色，用于快速记笔记。如果你有很多东西要写，这是非常有用的。). 用途、原理、特色、价格 (2) The pen comes with a microchip that can store a list of common words that you will use. You can program the words you will use often into the microchip's memory, then assign a short form to each word. When you are writing, you just need to write the short forms with the pen, press a button on the pen and all short forms will change into the actual words. The microchip can contain up to 50 words and you can make changes to the list of words whenever you need to.(笔带有一个微芯片，可以存储你将要使用的常用单词列表。您可以将经常使用的单词编入微芯片的内存，然后为每个单词指定一个简短的形式。当你写作时，你只需要用钢笔写下简短的形式，按下笔上的一个按钮，所有的简短形式就会变成实际的单词。微芯片最多可以包含50个单词，您可以随时更改单词列表。).  (3)You must want to know how much my new invention is. It’s 500 yuan. It’s not very expensive, is it?(价格).  推荐购买 (4)I think the pen is so convenient and helpful .I believe you will also be happy with it.They are going to change your homework completely .(我认为这支笔是如此方便和有用。我相信你也会很高兴拥有它。他们将彻底改变你的作业。) This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for taking notes quickly. It is very useful if you have a lot to write down. The pen comes with a microchip that can store a list of common words that you will use. You can program the words you will use often into the microchip's memory, then assign a short form to each word. When you are writing, you just need to write the short forms with the pen, press a button on the pen and all short forms will change into the actual words. The microchip can contain up to 50 words and you can make changes to the list of words whenever you need to.You must want to know how much my new invention is. It’s 500 yuan. It’s not very expensive, is it?I think the pen is so convenient and helpful .I believe you will also be happy with it.They are going to change your homework completely . Section A 一、 重点单词 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. electricity n. 电；电能 electric adj. 带电的； 2. style n. 样式；款式 3. project n. 项目；工程 4. pleasure n. 高兴；愉快 pleased adj. 感到高兴的；感到愉悦的 pleasant adj. 5. website n. 网站 6. pioneer n. 先驱 7. list n.名单；清单v.列表；列清单 8. mention v.提到；说道 mentioned adj.被提到的(后置定语) 9.accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的 accident n. 意外事故 10.ruler n.统治者，支配者；尺子 rule n.规则；统治 v. 统治 11. boil v. 煮沸；烧开 boiled adj. 煮开过的 boiling adj. 正在沸腾的 12. remain v.保持不变；剩余 remaining adj.剩下的；剩余的 13. smell v.发出…气味;闻到（smelt；smelt） n．气味 14. national adj. 国家的；民族的 international adj. 国际的nation n. 国家；民族 15. trade n. 贸易；交易 v. 做买卖；从事贸易 trader n. 买卖者 16. doubt n.疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 undoubtedly adv. 毫无疑问地 17. fridge n. 冰箱 18. low adj. 低的；矮的 lower v. 降低 19.somebody pron.某人n.重要人物 20. translate v. 翻译 translation n. 译文 translator n. 翻译者 21. lock v. 锁上；锁住 n. 锁 unlock v. 打开 22. earthquake n.地震 23. sudden adj. 突然的 suddenly adv.突然 24. musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 music UC 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 25. instrument n.器械；仪器；工具 二、重点短语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. run on electricity 用电加热的 2. be used for seeing in the dark 用来在夜里看清 3. have a point 有道理 4. the pioneers of different inventions 不同发明的先驱们 5. be used widely 被广泛运用 6. be invented by accident偶然地被发明 7. an accidental invention 一个偶然的发明 8. boil drinking water 烧饮用水 9. over an open fire 在室外的火上 10. produce a nice smell 散发一种怡人的香味 11. a few thousand years later 几千年以后 12. during the 6th and 7th centuries 在六，七世纪期间 13. in less than 100 years 在不到一百年间 14. the tea trade from China to Western countries 从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易 15. take place 发生 16. spread the popularity of tea 扩大茶叶的普及 17. without doubt 毫无疑问 18. best understand the nature of tea 最懂茶的本质 19. sell … at a low price 已低价出售 20. translate the book into different languages 把书翻译成不同的语言 21. happen all of a sudden=happen suddenly 突然发生 22. be brought to a safe place被带到个安全地方 23. work on the invention of the telephone 从事电话的发明 24. send musical notes 发送音符 25. through an instrument similar to a telephone 通过一个类似电话的装 Section B 一、重点单词： 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. crispy adj. 脆的；酥脆的 2. salty adjcb88x. 咸的 salt n. 盐 salted adj. 被盐腌制的 3. sour adj.酸的；有酸味的 4. customer n. 顾客；客户 custom n. 风俗 5. Canadian adj. 加拿大的 n. 加拿大人 Canada n. 加拿大 6. divide v. 分开；分散 division n.分割；分裂 7. basket n.篮；筐 8. professional adj. 职业的；专业的 profession n. 职业，专业 professor n. 教授 9. hero n. 英雄；男主角 (pl. heroes) heroine n. 女主角 二、重点短语： 1. do sth. by accident=do sth. by chance 偶然做某事 2. do sth. by mistake 错误地做了某事 3. cut sth. too thick 把……切得太厚 4. cut sth. really really thin 把……切得很薄很薄 5. make the customer happy 让顾客高兴/满意 6. the history of potato chips 土豆片的历史 7. a cook called George Crum 一位叫做George Crum的厨师 8. put lots of salt on sth.在……上撒很多盐 9. decide on sth. 决定某物 10. add/put salt into the soup 往汤里加盐 11. the sour taste 酸味 12. dream of/about doing sth.梦想做某事 13. the popularity of… ……的流行/普及/受欢迎程度 14. for fun and exercise 为了娱乐或锻炼 15. stop/prevent/ keep ... from doing 阻止...做某事 16. America’s NBA game美国的NBA比赛 17. a game to be played inside 在室内玩的游戏 18. divide…into… 把……划分成…… 19. work together 团结协作 20. an event at the Olympics=an Olympic event 一个奥运项目 21. players on the same team 同一个球队的球 22. the professional basketball groups 专业的篮球队 23. look up to sb. 尊敬 敬仰 look down upon 瞧不起 24.the number of ……的数量 a number of 许多 大量 25. achieve one’s dream=realize one’s dream =make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想 三、重点句子 1. 1. the style of the shoes 鞋的样式★ style短语： in style 流行的；时髦的 out of style 过时的 a life style生活方式 2. --- Can you help me think of an invention? 你能帮我想个发明吗？★★ --- My pleasure! 乐意效劳！ 辨析：pleasure, pleased, pleasing, please与pleasant pleasure，名词，“愉快，高兴”，多用于口语：It’s my pleasure./ With pleasure. pleased，形容词，“高兴的，喜欢的”，修饰人； pleasing，形容词，“令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的；使人满意的，合意的”，修饰物； please，及物动词，“使高兴、满意、愉快”等；不及物动词，“高兴，愉快”等； pleasant，形容词，定语，“令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，修饰事物，不能修饰人。 3. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是这么伟大的一项发明吗? ★★ 辨析：such与so such，形容词，后接名词或名词短语： such (a/ an) + adj. + n. ； some/ any/ no…+ such + n. so，副词，后接形容词或副词： so + adj./ adv. 或so + adj. + a/ an + n.； so many/ much/ few/ little + n. 例句： 我以前从未见过如此美丽的地方。I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 对不起，我没有这样的书。I’m sorry that I have no such books. 我的爸爸给我买了一只如此可爱的狗。My father bought me so lovely a dog. 他的房间里有如此多的书。 He has so many books in his room. 注意：so + adj. + a/ an + n. = such a/ an + adj. + n. 4. Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives. 想想在我们的日常生活中它多久被用一次。★ think of 记起，想起；考虑；想像；关心 think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑；重新考虑 5. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. 一些叶子从茶树上落入这水里并在里面停留了一段时间。 1 fall 短语：★ fall into 落入；陷入 fall behind落后 fall down摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡 2 辨析：some time, sometimes, some times与sometime ★★ some time，名词短语，“一段时间”，对它提问用how long； sometimes，频度副词，“有时”，一般用于一般现在时； some times，名词短语，“几次；几倍”，其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times； sometime，副词，“某时”，对它提问用when。 6. …one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. …世界上最受欢迎的饮料诞生了。★ one of 后接复数名词或代词宾格形式，意为“…之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： 《功夫熊猫》是最有趣的电影之一。Kung Fu Panda is one of the most interesting films. 他们当中的一个擅长英语。One of them is good at English. one of + the + 形容词的最高级+名词复数形式，意为“最…之一”。 7. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 人们认为在6世纪和7世纪期间，茶被带到了韩国和日本。★★ It is believed that…相当于People believe that…意为“人们认为…”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 类似的句型还有： It is said that…据说…； It is reported that…据报道…； It’s known that…众所周知…； It is supposed / thought that…人们认为…。 8. Potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯条是无意中被发明的。★ mistake短语： by mistake无意中；错误地 make a mistake犯错误 mistake …for…把…错认成… 9. It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. 篮球运动有100多年的历史了，有200多个国家的一亿多人打篮球。★ over用法： 1 over介词，意为“多于；超过”，相当于more than，说明数目和程度； 2 表示“在…之上”，垂直且不接触，反义词为under； 3 表示“在…期间；在…时间内”； 4 表示“穿越”，指从某物的上方越过； 5 表示“到处；各处”。 10. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. 许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们一样的人。 1 look短语：★ look up to sb. 尊敬( 某人),仰慕（某人），钦佩（某人） look about/around 环顾四周,随便看看，到处看看； look after sb./ sth. 照顾（某人/某物），照料（某人/某物），关心（某人/某物）。 look down upon/ on sb./ sth. 看不起(某人/某事)，瞧不起(某人/某事)。 look for sth. 寻找（某物/某事）。 look forward to n./ v-ing 期待…，盼望…。 look into sth. 调查(某事)，研究(某事)，了解(某事)。 look like sb. 看起来像[某人]。 look out 向外看，注意，当心，小心。如： look over sth. 审阅(某物)，翻阅(某物)，打量(某物)，检查(某物),看一下(某物) look sb. over 上下打量（某人），看看（某人） look through sth. 翻阅(某物)，浏览(某物)。 look up 查阅…在…中，查找。 2 hero可数名词，复数形式为heroes. ★ 11. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习。 1 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ★ encourage sb. in sth. 在…方面助长某人的行为/ 鼓励某人 2 to achieve their dreams是不定式短语，作work hard的目的状语，意为“为了实现他们的梦想”。动词不定式作目的状语，通常意为“为了…”。★★★ 例句： 为了赶早班公共汽车，她早早地起了床。She got up early to catch the early bus. $$