Unit 3 Choices 定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

Unit 3 Choices 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 8 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 定语从句 概念 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词称为关系词，包括关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which ）和关系副词（when, where, why ） 。 关系代词的用法 ◦ who：指人，在从句中作主语，例如：The man who is standing over there is my teacher.（站在那边的那个人是我的老师。） ◦ whom：指人，在从句中作宾语，口语中常可省略，也可用who或that替代，例如：The person (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my uncle.（你昨天遇见的那个人是我叔叔。） ◦ whose：表示所属关系，意为“……的”，指人或物，在从句中作定语，例如：I know the girl whose hair is long.（我认识那个留着长发的女孩。） 也可用于“the + n. + of which/whom”结构，如：I live in a room the window of which faces south. = I live in a room whose window faces south.（我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。） ◦ that：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时，通常用that，例如：This is the best book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最好的书。）All that can be done has been done.（所有能做的都已经做了。） ◦ which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，例如：The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 关系副词的用法 ◦ when：指时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如day, time, moment等，例如：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。） ◦ where：指地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, house, room等，例如：This is the place where I was born.（这是我出生的地方。） ◦ why：指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，例如：I don't know the reason why he was late.（我不知道他迟到的原因。） 虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测或建议等，这些情况往往与事实不符或不太可能发生。 在条件句中的虚拟语气 ◦ 对现在的虚拟：if从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 。例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。） ◦ 对过去的虚拟：if从句用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），主句用would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 。例如：If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.（如果你早点来，你就会赶上公共汽车了。） ◦ 对将来的虚拟：if从句用一般过去时或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形，主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 。例如：If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。） 其他常见的虚拟语气用法 ◦ 在表示“建议、命令、要求”等动词（如suggest, insist, order, command, advise等 ）后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English every day.（老师建议我们每天读英语。）注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，从句不用虚拟语气，例如：His expression suggested that he was angry.（他的表情表明他生气了。） ◦ 在It is important/necessary/strange/natural等形容词后的主语从句中，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：It is necessary that we (should) clean the classroom every day.（我们有必要每天打扫教室。） ◦ 在wish后的宾语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；表示对将来的愿望，从句用would/could/might + 动词原形 。例如：I wish I were as tall as you.（我希望我和你一样高。）I wish I had seen the film yesterday.（我希望我昨天看了那部电影。）I wish you would go with me tomorrow.（我希望你明天和我一起去。） 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The man ______ is giving a speech is our headmaster. 2. This is the book ______ I bought last week. 3. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. 4. I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time. 5. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would buy a big house.（对现在的虚拟） 6. The girl ______ hair is long is my classmate. 7. The teacher suggested that we ______ (hold) a class meeting. 8. The house ______ windows face south is very expensive. 9. If I ______ (know) his address, I would have visited him yesterday.（对过去的虚拟） 10. The man ______ you talked with just now is my father. 11. It is necessary that we ______ (learn) a foreign language. 12. The factory ______ my father works is very big. 13. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（对将来的虚拟） 14. I wish I ______ (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky.（对现在的虚拟） 15. The boy ______ mother is a doctor is my best friend. 16. The film ______ we saw last night is very exciting. 17. The manager ordered that all the work ______ (finish) by the end of this week. 18. The school ______ I studied ten years ago has changed a lot. 19. If I ______ (not be) so busy, I would have gone shopping with you yesterday.（对过去的虚拟） 20. She suggested that we ______ (not stay) up late. 二、句型转换 1. The woman is my mother. She is cooking in the kitchen.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 2. I bought a pen. The pen writes smoothly.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 3. He didn't come to the party. The reason was that he was ill.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 4. We visited the village. My grandparents lived in the village ten years ago.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 5. If I have time, I will go to the cinema with you.（改为虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟） 6. He suggests that we should go for a picnic.（改为简单句，用suggest doing结构） 7. The car is very expensive. I want to buy the car.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 8. She is so busy. She can't attend the meeting.（用虚拟语气改写，对现在的虚拟） 9. I hope I can travel around the world one day.（改为虚拟语气，表达强烈愿望） 10. The boy is my classmate. His bag is blue.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 11. They suggested that we should hold a sports meeting.（改为被动语态） 12. If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.（改为倒装句） 13. The book is very interesting. You lent me the book yesterday.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 14. He ordered that the work should be completed on time.（改为主动语态） 15. I want to have a room. The room's window faces the park.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 16. The girl is very kind. You played with the girl last weekend.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 17. It is important that we should protect the environment.（改为简单句，用不定式） 18. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（改为虚拟语气，对将来的虚拟） 19. She suggested that we should not leave early.（改为否定句，保持虚拟语气结构） 20. The man is a famous scientist. You met the man at the conference.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 三、翻译句子 1. 北京是一个有许多历史遗迹的城市。 2. 我梦想中的地方是巴黎，那里有许多著名的博物馆。 3. 这座公园是我们经常放松的地方。 4. 上海，中国最大的城市之一，以其现代化的建筑而闻名。 5. 我们的学校是一个可以让我们学到很多知识的地方。 6. 埃及是一个有着悠久历史的国家，金字塔是其象征。 7. 那个小镇是一个充满宁静与美丽的地方。 8. 图书馆是我最喜欢的地方，在那里我可以沉浸在书的世界里。 9. 广州位于中国南方，是一个繁华的商业城市。 10. 我家乡的那条河是我童年时常去游泳的地方。 11. 纽约是一个国际大都市，吸引着来自世界各地的人们。 12. 泰山是中国著名的山脉，许多游客来这里欣赏美景。 13. 这个广场是市民们经常聚集的地方。 14. 悉尼以其美丽的歌剧院和迷人的海滩而闻名于世。 15. 我们的社区是一个非常适合居住的地方，环境优美，设施齐全。 16. 西安，曾经的古都，有许多古老的建筑和历史故事。 17. 西湖是杭州的标志性景点，其美景令人陶醉。 18. 夏威夷是一个理想的度假胜地，那里的天气总是很宜人。 19. 博物馆是一个能让我们了解历史和文化的地方。 20. 我的大学位于城市的郊区，周围有很多绿色的田野和树林。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Lang Ping, 1.______ is loved by fans at home 2.______ abroad, not only brought honour and glory to China but also led the China women's volleyball team 3.______ medals at world championships and the Olympics. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination 4.______ (test). Her team was falling apart as she lost two important players. But Lang Ping did not lose heart. She 5.______ (face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. Two weeks 6.______ (late), they were world champions! Then in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan, 7.______ (know) as “Air Jordan”, changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. Jordan's skills were impressive, but his mental 8.______ (strong) made him unique. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed 9.______ (find) a way to win. Jordan's secret to success is learning from his 10.______ (fail). Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give 11.. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club 12. he started has been helping young people since 1996. 2. Extended reading (The living room. Friday night. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess.) Grandfather: And... I win! (Son enters room.) Father: Not again! Oh look, here comes my boy. How are you, son? Son: (1.______ (nervous) approaching the table) Erm... dad, can we talk? Father: Sure! You know you can always turn to your dad for a 2.______ (chat). Son: OK. Here it is. I've decided not to go to 3.______ (university). I want to focus on my band and have a 4.______ (career) in music when I leave school. Father: (raising his voice in 5.______ (surprised)) You can't be serious! What about your future career as a 6.______ (law)? Son: I knew you'd say that. You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that's only because you are a lawyer. Father: What's wrong with being a lawyer? Lawyers help people and are respected by others. Son: Yes, but I'm not interested in 7.______ (lawyer). I want to work in a studio, not a 8.______ (court). Grandfather: (looking at father) Calm down, OK? Father: (ignoring grandfather's words) Stop daydreaming! Playing in a band is not a job. Son: Of course it is! The music 9.______ (industry) is developing fast now. Making music is a job. Grandfather: (stepping between father and son and raising his voice) Hey! I told you to calm 10.______ (down), both of you! Father: But I told him to study something useful at university! Grandfather: (laughing) Easy, son! I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player. Father: And you wanted me to be an 11.______ (engine). Grandfather: I just wanted you to be happy, and an 12.______ (engine) — a happy engineer. Father: But in the end, you just advised me to think carefully. Grandfather: Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents. I'm so proud of you. Your son is proud of you, too. Son: Of course I am, but I have different talents. Grandfather: (turning to son) Why don't you also take my advice and think 13.______ (careful) before jumping in with both feet? Son: Well, I could try... Grandfather: If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future. And I'm sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university. Father: Yes, lots of new lawyer friends! Son: (with a 14.______ (sigh)) Dad...(Curtain) 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·广东揭阳·期末)Patrick Sommier, a French theater director, is devoted to passing on the true meaning of Chinese operas to the French public. 91 the occasion of the celebration for the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 2004, Sommier 92 (invite) to cooperate on a joint project to spread Peking Opera in France. Sommier says that 93 he arrived in China, like many other 94 (Europe), he showed great interest in Chinese operas. The beauty of Peking Opera 95 (immediate) caught his heart, he says. Recalling his first cooperation with the Chinese team, Sommier says he was impressed by the actors’makeups, costumes, and the characters of incredible strength. He was also touched by the Chinese professors' effort 96 (pass) their acting skills to their students by acting with them. One professor explained,“In China, opera is 97 art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely 98 (depend) on the actors’ inner strength and acting skills.” Sommier began exploring different performance forms and suggested introducing Chinese operas to the French audience. The team then gave some 99 (origin) performances, some without makeups or costumes and some with students 100 (perform) classics in a traditional way. B (23-24高二下·广东惠州·期末)“Lean a bit to the left, face up, and give me a smile.” In a busy photo studio, Wang Xin 101 (flexible) changes his position, moving the camera to find the best angle and pausing from time to time to adjust the lighting. As 102 experienced portrait photographer, Wang is well aware that skills are fundamental but communication is more important. By 103 (chat) with his customers in a friendly tone, he is able to put those camera-shy at ease, which allows him 104 (figure) out the perfect moment to click. The 55-year-old took up photography in 1986 when it 105 (see) by many as an admired profession and photographers were held in high esteem. Among his numerous memorable 106 (experience) is clicking the photographs of the family of Guo Chuan, the famous Chinese sailor 107 is thought to have fallen overboard while sailing in the high seas in 2016. After the tragedy, Guo’s wife and their children visit the studio every year to take a set of photographs 108 memory of Guo. Wang witnesses the 109 (grow) of Guo’s children and their love for their father. Despite the advancement in photography technology and the changing definition of beauty, Wang remains passionate about self-improvement 110 sticks to capturing genuine moments on his camera. C (23-24高二下·河北·期末)Many believe honey can help with 1 (allergy), but evidence is weak. Honey, made by bees from flower nectar(花蜜), has been used for thousands of years for its 2 (heal) properties. Experts like Priya Katari say honey might offer some relief but it’s 3 (clear) if it builds immunity against allergies. Eating local honey might not help tolerate 4 (season) allergens better. Be careful with honey; don’t give it to babies under one year old 5 it could contain harmful bacteria. While honey has other health benefits, like aiding 6 (digest), relying solely on it for allergies isn’t recommended. Over-the-counter medicines are usually safer and 7 (effective). Researchers are studying 8 (honey) potential in modern medicine. Ferhat Ozturk says honey is not just food but also a medicinal agent with anti-microbiology and anti-oxidant properties. Manuka honey from New Zealand is known for its high antibacterial levels. If you want to try honey for its health benefits, choose 9 (local) sourced honey to support local beekeepers and potentially get more benefits than store-bought honey. Honey has been valued for centuries for 10 healing abilities, and there’s still much to learn about what else it can do. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Choices 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 8 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 定语从句 概念 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词称为关系词，包括关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which ）和关系副词（when, where, why ） 。 关系代词的用法 ◦ who：指人，在从句中作主语，例如：The man who is standing over there is my teacher.（站在那边的那个人是我的老师。） ◦ whom：指人，在从句中作宾语，口语中常可省略，也可用who或that替代，例如：The person (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my uncle.（你昨天遇见的那个人是我叔叔。） ◦ whose：表示所属关系，意为“……的”，指人或物，在从句中作定语，例如：I know the girl whose hair is long.（我认识那个留着长发的女孩。） 也可用于“the + n. + of which/whom”结构，如：I live in a room the window of which faces south. = I live in a room whose window faces south.（我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。） ◦ that：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时，通常用that，例如：This is the best book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最好的书。）All that can be done has been done.（所有能做的都已经做了。） ◦ which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，例如：The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 关系副词的用法 ◦ when：指时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如day, time, moment等，例如：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。） ◦ where：指地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, house, room等，例如：This is the place where I was born.（这是我出生的地方。） ◦ why：指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，例如：I don't know the reason why he was late.（我不知道他迟到的原因。） 虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测或建议等，这些情况往往与事实不符或不太可能发生。 在条件句中的虚拟语气 ◦ 对现在的虚拟：if从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 。例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。） ◦ 对过去的虚拟：if从句用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），主句用would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 。例如：If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.（如果你早点来，你就会赶上公共汽车了。） ◦ 对将来的虚拟：if从句用一般过去时或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形，主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 。例如：If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。） 其他常见的虚拟语气用法 ◦ 在表示“建议、命令、要求”等动词（如suggest, insist, order, command, advise等 ）后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English every day.（老师建议我们每天读英语。）注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，从句不用虚拟语气，例如：His expression suggested that he was angry.（他的表情表明他生气了。） ◦ 在It is important/necessary/strange/natural等形容词后的主语从句中，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：It is necessary that we (should) clean the classroom every day.（我们有必要每天打扫教室。） ◦ 在wish后的宾语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；表示对将来的愿望，从句用would/could/might + 动词原形 。例如：I wish I were as tall as you.（我希望我和你一样高。）I wish I had seen the film yesterday.（我希望我昨天看了那部电影。）I wish you would go with me tomorrow.（我希望你明天和我一起去。） 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The man ______ is giving a speech is our headmaster. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词是the man（指人），在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。 2. This is the book ______ I bought last week. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词是the book（指物），在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略。 3. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. 答案：why 解析：先行词是the reason（指原因），在从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。 4. I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time. 答案：when 解析：先行词是the day（指时间），在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 5. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would buy a big house.（对现在的虚拟） 答案：had 解析：对现在的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，所以填had。 6. The girl ______ hair is long is my classmate. 答案：whose 解析：先行词是the girl，从句中表示“女孩的头发”，作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 7. The teacher suggested that we ______ (hold) a class meeting. 答案：(should) hold 解析：suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。 8. The house ______ windows face south is very expensive. 答案：whose 解析：先行词是the house，从句中表示“房子的窗户”，作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 9. If I ______ (know) his address, I would have visited him yesterday.（对过去的虚拟） 答案：had known 解析：对过去的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，所以填had known。 10. The man ______ you talked with just now is my father. 答案：whom/who/that 解析：先行词是the man（指人），在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词whom/who/that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略。 11. It is necessary that we ______ (learn) a foreign language. 答案：(should) learn 解析：It is necessary后的主语从句要用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。 12. The factory ______ my father works is very big. 答案：where 解析：先行词是the factory（指地点），在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 13. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（对将来的虚拟） 答案：rained/should rain/were to rain 解析：对将来的虚拟，if从句可以用一般过去时rained ，或should + 动词原形should rain，或were to + 动词原形were to rain。 14. I wish I ______ (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky.（对现在的虚拟） 答案：were 解析：wish后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were。 15. The boy ______ mother is a doctor is my best friend. 答案：whose 解析：先行词是the boy，从句中表示“男孩的母亲”，作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 16. The film ______ we saw last night is very exciting. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词是the film（指物），在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略。 17. The manager ordered that all the work ______ (finish) by the end of this week. 答案：(should) be finished 解析：order表示“命令”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形，这里work和finish是被动关系，所以用(should) be finished。 18. The school ______ I studied ten years ago has changed a lot. 答案：where 解析：先行词是the school（指地点），在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 19. If I ______ (not be) so busy, I would have gone shopping with you yesterday.（对过去的虚拟） 答案：hadn't been 解析：对过去的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时的否定形式hadn't been。 20. She suggested that we ______ (not stay) up late. 答案：(should) not stay 解析：suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，否定形式在(should)后加not ，即(should) not stay。 二、句型转换 1. The woman is my mother. She is cooking in the kitchen.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The woman who/that is cooking in the kitchen is my mother. 解析：先行词是the woman（指人），在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，将两个简单句合并。 2. I bought a pen. The pen writes smoothly.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The pen which/that I bought writes smoothly. 解析：先行词是the pen（指物），在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略，合并句子。 3. He didn't come to the party. The reason was that he was ill.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The reason why he didn't come to the party was that he was ill. 解析：先行词是the reason（指原因），在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导定语从句，将两个句子合并。 4. We visited the village. My grandparents lived in the village ten years ago.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：We visited the village where my grandparents lived ten years ago. 解析：先行词是the village（指地点），在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，合并句子。 5. If I have time, I will go to the cinema with you.（改为虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟） 答案：If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you. 解析：对现在的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时had，主句用would + 动词原形。 6. He suggests that we should go for a picnic.（改为简单句，用suggest doing结构） 答案：He suggests going for a picnic. 解析：suggest后接动名词作宾语，将宾语从句改为suggest doing结构。 7. The car is very expensive. I want to buy the car.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The car which/that I want to buy is very expensive. 解析：先行词是the car（指物），在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略，合并句子。 8. She is so busy. She can't attend the meeting.（用虚拟语气改写，对现在的虚拟） 答案：If she weren't so busy, she could attend the meeting. 解析：对现在的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句用could + 动词原形。 9. I hope I can travel around the world one day.（改为虚拟语气，表达强烈愿望） 答案：How I wish I could travel around the world one day. 解析：用How I wish表达强烈愿望，从句用could + 动词原形，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。 10. The boy is my classmate. His bag is blue.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The boy whose bag is blue is my classmate. 解析：先行词是the boy，从句中表示“男孩的包”，作定语，用关系代词whose引导定语从句，合并句子。 11. They suggested that we should hold a sports meeting.（改为被动语态） 答案：It was suggested that a sports meeting should be held (by us). 解析：将主动语态的宾语从句变为被动语态，用it作形式主语，原宾语从句变为真正的主语，从句中的谓语动词变为被动形式。 12. If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.（改为倒装句） 答案：Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam. 解析：在虚拟条件句中，如果if从句中有were, had, should，可以省略if，将were, had, should提到句首，构成倒装。 13. The book is very interesting. You lent me the book yesterday.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The book which/that you lent me yesterday is very interesting. 解析：先行词是the book（指物），在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，关系代词也可省略，合并句子。 14. He ordered that the work should be completed on time.（改为主动语态） 答案：He ordered them to complete the work on time. 解析：将被动语态的宾语从句改为主动语态，用order sb. to do sth.结构。 15. I want to have a room. The room's window faces the park.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：I want to have a room whose window faces the park. 解析：先行词是a room，从句中表示“房间的窗户”，作定语，用关系代词whose引导定语从句，合并句子。 16. The girl is very kind. You played with the girl last weekend.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The girl whom/who/that you played with last weekend is very kind. 或 The girl with whom you played last weekend is very kind. 解析：先行词是the girl（指人），在从句中作宾语，用关系代词whom/who/that引导定语从句，with可以放在关系代词前，也可放在动词后。 17. It is important that we should protect the environment.（改为简单句，用不定式） 答案：It is important for us to protect the environment. 解析：用It is important for sb. to do sth.结构将主语从句改为简单句。 18. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（改为虚拟语气，对将来的虚拟） 答案：If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 解析：对将来的虚拟，if从句可以用一般过去时rained ，或should + 动词原形should rain，或were to + 动词原形were to rain，主句用would + 动词原形。 19. She suggested that we should not leave early.（改为否定句，保持虚拟语气结构） 答案：She suggested that we should not leave early.（本身就是否定句，无需改动，只需强调保持虚拟语气结构，即(should) not + 动词原形 ） 20. The man is a famous scientist. You met the man at the conference.（合并为含有定语从句的复合句） 答案：The man whom/who/that you met at the conference is a famous scientist. 三、翻译句子 1. 北京是一个有许多历史遗迹的城市。 2. 我梦想中的地方是巴黎，那里有许多著名的博物馆。 3. 这座公园是我们经常放松的地方。 4. 上海，中国最大的城市之一，以其现代化的建筑而闻名。 5. 我们的学校是一个可以让我们学到很多知识的地方。 6. 埃及是一个有着悠久历史的国家，金字塔是其象征。 7. 那个小镇是一个充满宁静与美丽的地方。 8. 图书馆是我最喜欢的地方，在那里我可以沉浸在书的世界里。 9. 广州位于中国南方，是一个繁华的商业城市。 10. 我家乡的那条河是我童年时常去游泳的地方。 11. 纽约是一个国际大都市，吸引着来自世界各地的人们。 12. 泰山是中国著名的山脉，许多游客来这里欣赏美景。 13. 这个广场是市民们经常聚集的地方。 14. 悉尼以其美丽的歌剧院和迷人的海滩而闻名于世。 15. 我们的社区是一个非常适合居住的地方，环境优美，设施齐全。 16. 西安，曾经的古都，有许多古老的建筑和历史故事。 17. 西湖是杭州的标志性景点，其美景令人陶醉。 18. 夏威夷是一个理想的度假胜地，那里的天气总是很宜人。 19. 博物馆是一个能让我们了解历史和文化的地方。 20. 我的大学位于城市的郊区，周围有很多绿色的田野和树林。 答案 1. Beijing is a city with many historical relics. 2. My dream place is Paris, where there are many famous museums. 3. This park is a place where we often relax. 4. Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China, is famous for its modern buildings. 5. Our school is a place where we can learn a lot of knowledge. 6. Egypt is a country with a long - standing history, and the pyramids are its symbol. 7. That small town is a place full of peace and beauty. 8. The library is my favorite place, where I can immerse myself in the world of books. 9. Guangzhou is located in the south of China and is a bustling commercial city. 10. The river in my hometown is a place where I often went swimming in my childhood. 11. New York is an international metropolis, which attracts people from all over the world. 12. Mount Tai is a famous mountain in China, and many tourists come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 13. This square is a place where citizens often gather. 14. Sydney is world - famous for its beautiful Opera House and charming beaches. 15. Our community is a very suitable place to live, with a beautiful environment and complete facilities. 16. Xi’an, once an ancient capital, has many ancient buildings and historical stories. 17. The West Lake is a landmark scenic spot in Hangzhou, and its beauty is intoxicating. 18. Hawaii is an ideal holiday resort, where the weather is always pleasant. 19. The museum is a place where we can learn about history and culture. 20. My university is located in the suburb of the city, and there are many green fields and woods around. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Lang Ping, 1.______ is loved by fans at home 2.______ abroad, not only brought honour and glory to China but also led the China women's volleyball team 3.______ medals at world championships and the Olympics. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination 4.______ (test). Her team was falling apart as she lost two important players. But Lang Ping did not lose heart. She 5.______ (face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. Two weeks 6.______ (late), they were world champions! Then in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan, 7.______ (know) as “Air Jordan”, changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. Jordan's skills were impressive, but his mental 8.______ (strong) made him unique. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed 9.______ (find) a way to win. Jordan's secret to success is learning from his 10.______ (fail). Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give 11.. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club 12. he started has been helping young people since 1996. 答案与解析： 1. who：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lang Ping，在从句中作主语，所以用who。 2. and：“at home”和“abroad”是并列关系，用and连接，表示“在国内外” 。 3. to：lead...to...为固定搭配，此处表示“带领……获得”，所以用to。 4. was tested：根据时间状语可知，描述过去发生的事情，且“determination”和“test”之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was tested。 5. had faced：“face difficulties”这个动作发生在“knew”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，所以填had faced。 6. later：“two weeks later”表示“两周后” ，later是副词，符合语境。 7. known：此处为非谓语动词，“Michael Jordan”和“know”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词known作后置定语，be known as表示“被称为” 。 8. strength：物主代词“his”后应用名词，“strong”的名词形式是strength，表示“力量”，在这里指乔丹的精神力量。 9. to find：seem to do sth.为固定句型，表示“似乎做某事” ，所以填to find。 10. failures：介词“from”后应用名词作宾语，“failure”表示“失败的事情”时是可数名词，这里指乔丹从多次失败中学习，应用复数形式failures。 11. up：give up是固定短语，意为“放弃”，符合语境，即输掉比赛让他更加努力训练，永不放弃。 12. that/which：引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“The Boys and Girls Club”，指代事物，在从句中作“started”的宾语，所以可以用that或which引导。 2. Extended reading (The living room. Friday night. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess.) Grandfather: And... I win! (Son enters room.) Father: Not again! Oh look, here comes my boy. How are you, son? Son: (1.______ (nervous) approaching the table) Erm... dad, can we talk? Father: Sure! You know you can always turn to your dad for a 2.______ (chat). Son: OK. Here it is. I've decided not to go to 3.______ (university). I want to focus on my band and have a 4.______ (career) in music when I leave school. Father: (raising his voice in 5.______ (surprised)) You can't be serious! What about your future career as a 6.______ (law)? Son: I knew you'd say that. You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that's only because you are a lawyer. Father: What's wrong with being a lawyer? Lawyers help people and are respected by others. Son: Yes, but I'm not interested in 7.______ (lawyer). I want to work in a studio, not a 8.______ (court). Grandfather: (looking at father) Calm down, OK? Father: (ignoring grandfather's words) Stop daydreaming! Playing in a band is not a job. Son: Of course it is! The music 9.______ (industry) is developing fast now. Making music is a job. Grandfather: (stepping between father and son and raising his voice) Hey! I told you to calm 10.______ (down), both of you! Father: But I told him to study something useful at university! Grandfather: (laughing) Easy, son! I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player. Father: And you wanted me to be an 11.______ (engine). Grandfather: I just wanted you to be happy, and an 12.______ (engine) — a happy engineer. Father: But in the end, you just advised me to think carefully. Grandfather: Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents. I'm so proud of you. Your son is proud of you, too. Son: Of course I am, but I have different talents. Grandfather: (turning to son) Why don't you also take my advice and think 13.______ (careful) before jumping in with both feet? Son: Well, I could try... Grandfather: If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future. And I'm sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university. Father: Yes, lots of new lawyer friends! Son: (with a 14.______ (sigh)) Dad...(Curtain) 答案与解析： 1. nervously：修饰动词“approaching”，要用副词形式，nervous的副词是nervously，表示“紧张地” 。 2. chat：不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，chat在这里作名词，意为“聊天”，“have a chat”表示“聊一聊”。 3. university：“go to university”是固定短语，意为“上大学”，这里不需要用复数形式。 4. career：不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，career表示“职业，事业” ，“have a career in...”表示“在……领域有一番事业”。 5. surprise：“in surprise”是固定短语，意为“惊讶地”，这里需要用名词形式surprise。 6. lawyer：根据语境，这里指“作为一名律师的未来职业”，lawyer表示“律师” 。 7. law：“be interested in...”表示“对……感兴趣”，这里指对法律不感兴趣，用名词law，而不是lawyer（律师） 。 8. court：根据前文提到想在工作室工作，而不是在法庭，court表示“法庭”。 9. industry：“the music industry”表示“音乐产业” ，industry在这里意为“产业，行业”。 10. down：“calm down”是固定短语，意为“冷静下来”，符合语境。 11. engineer：根据前文提到想成为一名职业足球运动员，这里爷爷说想让爸爸成为一名工程师，engineer表示“工程师”。 12. engineer：同11题解析，这里再次强调爷爷希望爸爸成为一名快乐的工程师。 13. carefully：修饰动词“think”，要用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully，表示“仔细地，认真地” 。 14. sigh：“with a sigh”表示“叹了口气”，sigh在这里作名词，意为“叹息，叹气” 。 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·广东揭阳·期末)Patrick Sommier, a French theater director, is devoted to passing on the true meaning of Chinese operas to the French public. 91 the occasion of the celebration for the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 2004, Sommier 92 (invite) to cooperate on a joint project to spread Peking Opera in France. Sommier says that 93 he arrived in China, like many other 94 (Europe), he showed great interest in Chinese operas. The beauty of Peking Opera 95 (immediate) caught his heart, he says. Recalling his first cooperation with the Chinese team, Sommier says he was impressed by the actors’makeups, costumes, and the characters of incredible strength. He was also touched by the Chinese professors' effort 96 (pass) their acting skills to their students by acting with them. One professor explained,“In China, opera is 97 art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely 98 (depend) on the actors’ inner strength and acting skills.” Sommier began exploring different performance forms and suggested introducing Chinese operas to the French audience. The team then gave some 99 (origin) performances, some without makeups or costumes and some with students 100 (perform) classics in a traditional way. 【答案】 91. On 92. was invited 93. when 94. Europeans 95. immediately 96. to pass 97. an 98. depends 99. original 100. performing 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了法国戏剧导演Patrick Sommier在庆祝中法建交40周年的活动上受邀合作推广京剧在法国的项目，他致力于向法国公众传达中国戏曲的真正含义。 91. 考查介词。句意：2004年，在中法建交40周年庆典之际，索米尔应邀合作开展京剧在法传播的联合项目。on the occasion of表“值此……之际”，为固定搭配，且句首时首字母应大写。故填On。 92. 考查时态和语态。句意：2004年，在中法建交40周年庆典之际，索米尔应邀合作开展京剧在法传播的联合项目。分析句子结构可知，invite在句中作谓语动词，主语Sommier与动词invite之间是被动关系，再结合“in 2004”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，并且主语为单数意义。故填was invited。 93. 考查状语从句。句意：索米尔说，当他到达中国时，像许多其他欧洲人一样，他对中国戏剧表现出极大的兴趣。分析句子可知，这里表示“当”他到达中国时，所以此空应填when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 94. 考查名词的数。句意：索米尔说，当他到达中国时，像许多其他欧洲人一样，他对中国戏剧表现出极大的兴趣。这里表示“欧洲人”，且European在句子中是可数名词， 前有many other修饰，需要用复数形式。故填Europeans。 95. 考查副词。句意：他说，京剧的美立刻俘获了他的心。此空应使用副词作状语修饰动词caught，所以应用副词immediately“立刻”。故填immediately。 96. 考查动词不定式。句意：他还被中国教授通过与学生一起表演来将演技传授给学生的努力所感动。这里考查effort to do表“做某事的努力”，为固定搭配，设空处填不定式作定语。故填to pass。 97. 考查冠词。句意：一位教授解释说：“在中国，歌剧是一门需要终身奉献的艺术，演出的效果很大程度上取决于演员的内心力量和演技”。 art“表演艺术”为可数名词，此处指“一门艺术”表泛指，art以元音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。 98. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一位教授解释说：“在中国，歌剧是一门需要终身奉献的艺术，演出的效果很大程度上取决于演员的内心力量和演技”。设空处作谓语动词，根据句中的“opera is an art requiring lifelong devotion”可知，动词depend也使用一般现在时，主语the effect of the performance为单数意义，与depend为主动关系。故填depends。 99. 考查形容词。句意：然后，该团队进行了一些原创表演，有些没有化妆或服装，有些学生以传统方式表演经典作品。需填入形容词作定语修饰performances，需要的词义为“原创的”，即original。故填original。 100. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，该团队进行了一些原创表演，有些没有化妆或服装，有些学生以传统方式表演经典作品。这里考查with的复合结构，students与perform为主动关系，所以这里应用现在分词作宾补。故填performing。 B (23-24高二下·广东惠州·期末)“Lean a bit to the left, face up, and give me a smile.” In a busy photo studio, Wang Xin 101 (flexible) changes his position, moving the camera to find the best angle and pausing from time to time to adjust the lighting. As 102 experienced portrait photographer, Wang is well aware that skills are fundamental but communication is more important. By 103 (chat) with his customers in a friendly tone, he is able to put those camera-shy at ease, which allows him 104 (figure) out the perfect moment to click. The 55-year-old took up photography in 1986 when it 105 (see) by many as an admired profession and photographers were held in high esteem. Among his numerous memorable 106 (experience) is clicking the photographs of the family of Guo Chuan, the famous Chinese sailor 107 is thought to have fallen overboard while sailing in the high seas in 2016. After the tragedy, Guo’s wife and their children visit the studio every year to take a set of photographs 108 memory of Guo. Wang witnesses the 109 (grow) of Guo’s children and their love for their father. Despite the advancement in photography technology and the changing definition of beauty, Wang remains passionate about self-improvement 110 sticks to capturing genuine moments on his camera. 【答案】 101. flexibly 102. an 103. chatting 104. to figure 105. was seen 106. experiences 107. who 108. in 109. growth 110. and 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肖像摄影师王欣热衷于摄影，并坚持自我提升的故事。 101. 考查副词。句意：在繁忙的照相馆里，王欣灵活地变换位置，移动相机寻找最佳角度，不时停下来调整灯光。空处修饰动词changes，应用副词flexibly，作状语。故填flexibly。 102. 考查冠词。句意：作为一名经验丰富的肖像摄影师，王深知技能是基础，但沟通更为重要。结合语意可知，此处表示作为一名肖像摄影师，空处应用不定冠词，experienced是以元音音素开头的形容词，应用an。故填an。 103. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过用友好的语气与顾客聊天，他能让那些害羞的人放松下来，这让他能够找出完美的时刻按下快门。空处在介词by后作宾语，应用动名词chatting。故填chatting。 104. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，所以空处需用不定式形式。故填to figure。 105. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这位55岁的摄影师于1986年开始从事摄影工作，当时摄影被许多人视为一种令人钦佩的职业，摄影师也受到了高度尊重。根据时间状语in 1986以及句中took up和were held可知，句子使用一般过去时，see与主语it(指代photography)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是it，be动词使用was。故填was seen。 106. 考查名词复数。句意：在他众多难忘的经历中，有一次是拍摄中国著名航海家郭川的家人的照片，郭川被认为是2016年在公海航行时落水的。experience在此处意为“经历”，是可数名词，由numerous修饰，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填experiences。 107. 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the famous Chinese sailor，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可使用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 108. 考查介词。句意：悲剧发生后，郭的妻子和他们的孩子每年都会来工作室拍摄一套照片，以纪念郭。in memory of意为“为了纪念”，是固定搭配。故填in。 109. 考查名词。句意：王见证了郭的孩子们的成长以及他们对父亲的爱。此处作动词witnesses的宾语，应用名词growth，意为“成长”。故填growth。 110. 考查连词。句意：尽管摄影技术不断进步，对美的定义也在不断变化，王仍然热衷于自我提升，并坚持用相机捕捉真实的瞬间。此处sticks to与空前remains passionate about并列，连接两个并列的谓语，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 C (23-24高二下·河北·期末)Many believe honey can help with 1 (allergy), but evidence is weak. Honey, made by bees from flower nectar(花蜜), has been used for thousands of years for its 2 (heal) properties. Experts like Priya Katari say honey might offer some relief but it’s 3 (clear) if it builds immunity against allergies. Eating local honey might not help tolerate 4 (season) allergens better. Be careful with honey; don’t give it to babies under one year old 5 it could contain harmful bacteria. While honey has other health benefits, like aiding 6 (digest), relying solely on it for allergies isn’t recommended. Over-the-counter medicines are usually safer and 7 (effective). Researchers are studying 8 (honey) potential in modern medicine. Ferhat Ozturk says honey is not just food but also a medicinal agent with anti-microbiology and anti-oxidant properties. Manuka honey from New Zealand is known for its high antibacterial levels. If you want to try honey for its health benefits, choose 9 (local) sourced honey to support local beekeepers and potentially get more benefits than store-bought honey. Honey has been valued for centuries for 10 healing abilities, and there’s still much to learn about what else it can do. 【答案】 1. allergies 2. healing 3. unclear 4. seasonal 5. because 6. digestion 7. more effective 8. honey’s 9. locally 10. its 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜂蜜因其传统治疗特性受到推崇，但其对过敏的免疫增强效果尚不明确。文章提醒不要给婴儿食用蜂蜜，而且不建议仅依赖蜂蜜治疗过敏。 1. 考查名词复数。句意：许多人认为蜂蜜可以帮助治疗过敏，但证据不足。空处作help with的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词allergy应用复数形式，表泛指。故填allergies。 2. 考查形容词。句意：蜂蜜由蜜蜂从花蜜中提取而成，因其具有治疗功效而被使用了数千年。空处作修饰properties的定语，形容词healing“能治愈的”符合题意。故填healing。 3. 考查形容词。句意：像Priya Katari这样的专家表示，蜂蜜可能会起到一些缓解作用，但尚不清楚它是否能增强对过敏的免疫力。空处作表语，结合“if it builds immunity against allergies”可知，形容词unclear“不明确的”符合题意。故填unclear。 4. 考查形容词。句意：吃当地的蜂蜜可能无助于更好地耐受季节性过敏原。空处作修饰allergens的定语，形容词seasonal“季节性的”符合题意。故填seasonal。 5. 考查原因状语从句。句意：小心蜂蜜；不要给一岁以下的婴儿服用，因为它可能含有有害细菌。空处前后为完整的句子，空前句子表示结果，空后的句子表示原因，且此处是直接而明确的原因，因此用意为“因为”的从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 6. 考查名词。句意：虽然蜂蜜还有其他健康益处，比如帮助消化，但不建议仅仅依靠蜂蜜来治疗过敏。空处作aiding的宾语，名词digestion“消化(过程)”符合题意，为不可数名词。故填digestion。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：非处方药通常更安全、更有效。空处和safer并列，作表语，此处表示比较的概念，应用effective的比较级形式。故填more effective。 8. 考查名词所有格。句意：研究人员正在研究蜂蜜在现代医学中的潜力。空处修饰名词potential，指的应该是“蜂蜜在现代医学中的潜力”，应用honey的所有格形式。故填honey’s。 9. 考查副词。句意：如果你想尝试蜂蜜的健康益处，选择当地的蜂蜜来支持当地的养蜂人，可能会比商店购买的蜂蜜获得更多的益处。空处修饰sourced，应用副词locally“本地地”，作状语。故填locally。 10. 考查代词。句意：几个世纪以来，蜂蜜一直因其治疗能力而受到重视，但关于它的其他作用，还有很多需要了解的地方。空处修饰healing abilities，指的应该是“蜂蜜的治疗能力”，应用形容词性物主代词its指代前面提到的Honey。故填its。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$