Unit 4 My Space 现在完成时（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

Unit 4 My Space 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 8 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 定语从句 关系代词 who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，可代替who/which，在以下情况常用：先行词含人和物、被序数词/最高级修饰、不定代词作先行词等）、whose（指人/物，作定语，表“……的”）。 例：The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（who指人，作主语）；This is the book which I bought yesterday.（which指物，作宾语）。 关系副词 when（指时间，作状语）、where（指地点，作状语）、why（指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason）。 例：I still remember the day when we first met.（when指时间）；This is the place where I grew up.（where指地点）。 现在完成时 构成 have/has + 过去分词 用法 ◦ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（常与already, yet, just, ever, never等连用）。 例：I have finished my homework.（作业已完成，对现在的影响是可以休息了）。 ◦ 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用）。 例：We have lived here for 10 years.（从过去持续到现在的居住状态）。 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. This is the house ______ I was born. 2. He is the boy ______ helped me with my English. 3. I ______ (read) this book three times—it’s very interesting. 4. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. 5. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. 6. She ______ (not finish) her homework yet—she needs more time. 7. The man ______ you met yesterday is my uncle. 8. They ______ (live) in this city since 2010. 9. The book ______ cover is red is mine. 10. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 11. This is the first time I ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 12. The girl with ______ I went shopping is my best friend. 13. He ______ (just finish) his work, so he can go out now. 14. The days ______ we spent together were happy. 15. There ______ (be) great changes in our town over the past 10 years. 16. The teacher ______ class we enjoy most is Mr. Li. 17. I ______ (know) her for 5 years—we are good friends. 18. The car ______ was stolen last night was found this morning. 19. ______ he ______ (call) you yet? 20. This is the museum ______ we visited last week. 二、句型转换 1. This is the school. I studied in this school 10 years ago.（合并为定语从句） 2. He has finished his work. He can go home now.（合并为一句，用so） 3. I met a girl. Her father is a doctor.（合并为定语从句） 4. They bought a new house. They moved into it last month.（合并为定语从句） 5. She came to this city in 2015. She has lived here since then.（合并为一句） 6. This is the pen. I wrote the letter with this pen.（合并为定语从句） 7. He hasn’t called me. I am worried about him.（合并为一句，用so） 8. The man is my neighbor. You saw him in the park.（合并为定语从句） 9. We started learning English 3 years ago. We still learn it now.（合并为一句） 10. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.（合并为定语从句） 11. She has lived here for 5 years.（对for 5 years提问） 12. This is the reason. He left the company for this reason.（合并为定语从句） 13. They have seen this film twice.（改为一般疑问句） 14. The girl is my cousin. Her hair is long and black.（合并为定语从句） 15. He came to this city in 2018.（用since改写，保持句意） 16. The teacher will give us a talk. We met her yesterday.（合并为定语从句） 17. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） 18. This is the factory. My father works in this factory.（合并为定语从句） 19. She has never been to London.（改为反义疑问句） 20. The students are from Class 2. Their teacher is Mr. Wang.（合并为定语从句） 三、翻译句子 1. 这是我曾经住过的房子。 2. 他已经学英语五年了。 3. 你认识那个正在和我们老师说话的男孩吗？ 4. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 5. 自从他来到这所学校，就一直很努力学习。 6. 我们昨天参观的博物馆非常大。 7. 你曾经去过上海吗？ 8. 这就是他为什么拒绝这个邀请的原因。 9. 我刚刚完成了我的项目，所以现在可以休息了。 10. 那个父亲是医生的女孩是我的同班同学。 11. 他们已经很久没见面了。 12. 我们上周看的那部电影很感人。 13. 这是我第一次参加这样的活动。 14. 他住的那个城市离这里很远。 15. 她还没有回复我的邮件—我有点担心。 16. 你认识那个我们在聚会上遇到的女士吗？ 17. 自从2010年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 18. 他借给我的那支笔不见了。 19. 你多久锻炼一次？ 20. 这就是他为什么总是感到快乐的原因。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells 1.______ (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2.______ (eat), and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields 3.______ (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even 4.______ no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, 5.______ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed 6.______ the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the 7.______ (great) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 8.______ is more than two hundred kilometres away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from 9.______ (hole) in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two - thirds of 10.______ (they) died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people 11.______ were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams 12.______ (dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors 13.______ homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 2. Extended reading Astronomy is the science of the stars. It has been around for thousands of years. People 1.______ (be) always interested in the stars. They used them to navigate 2.______ (they) way across the oceans, and to tell the time of year. In ancient times, people believed that the stars were gods. They made up stories 3.______ (explain) the movement of the stars. Today, we know that the stars are huge balls of burning gas. They are very far away from us. Some stars are so far away that their light takes billions of years 4.______ (reach) us. The nearest star to our planet is the Sun. It is about 150 million kilometres away. Scientists use telescopes to study the stars. Telescopes allow them to see the stars in more detail. They can study 5.______ stars are born, how they live, and how they die. They can also look for planets 6.______ (orbit) other stars. Some of these planets may be similar 7.______ Earth and could potentially have life on them. In recent years, space exploration 8.______ (allow) us to get even closer to the stars. Spacecraft have been sent to study the Sun and the planets in our solar system. Scientists are also planning 9.______ (send) spacecraft to study other stars and their planets. Astronomy is an exciting field of study. It helps us understand 10.______ (we) place in the universe. It also helps us answer some of the biggest questions in science, such as “How did the universe begin?” and “Are we alone in the universe?” 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末)There is one single seasonal food 11 (favour) by Shanghai's food lovers above all others: the sweet flesh and creamy roe(蟹黄) of hairy crab(大闸蟹). In early autumn 12 the weather is pleasant, Shanghai locals start to pay attention to the market for the hairy crab, and once the hairy crab season really 13 (start), it's a nonstop three-month-long feast. The best crabs appear early— in the ninth lunar month for females, when the roe is at its peak, and in the tenth lunar month for males, when the flesh is at its 14 (sweet). I don't think the flesh is delicious, 15 the roe, which makes your lips and fingers yellow, is a worthy prize: it is 16 (amazing ) rich, with the flavor of egg yolk. It is said that Shaoxing wine is often drunk with the crab, perfectly 17 (balance) the cooling properties of the crab in traditional Chinese medicine. It's hard 18 (beat) dining on hairy crab in one of the many restaurants around the edge of Yangcheng Lake, an hour's drive northwest of Shanghai, where the best crabs can 19 (find) — heavy for their size, with the flesh clean and the females full of roe. On a clear autumn day, you can drink cold beer sitting outside at a plastic- covered table. The table may be 20 mess when hairy crabs are enjoyed, but the tasty food is worth it. B (23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末)Wild, edible(可食的) spring plants--or chuncai in Chinese--have gained considerable attention from Chinese consumers this spring, as eating chuncai has become a way 21 (welcome) and celebrate the season. In major grocery markets, 22 wild vegetables are visible on stalls(摊位), prices vary up to dozens of yuan per kilogram.“ 23 they are more expensive than ordinary vegetables, they sell out before 10 am every day. They are seasonal delicacies,” said a stall owner in Nanjing, Jiangsu. According to a report 24 (release) by the JD Research Institute, over 50 types of chuncai are on sale 25 e-commerce platforms. The consumers are mainly in big cities 26 most were born between 1980 and 1999. People’s 27 (enthusiastic) for wild vegetables is contributing to a boom in the agritainment (农家乐), with huge numbers traveling to enjoy a taste of spring. Lin Yunli, who 28 (run) a bed-and-breakfast in the suburban Yanqing district of Beijing, has received an 29 (increase) number of tourists since the beginning of spring. “We updated our menu by adding wild vegetable 30 (dish), and they are popular among the guests,” said Lin. “Various wild vegetables grow near my house, and guests can take them home.” C (23-24高二下·江苏苏州·期末)Chinese teas play a very important part in the cultural life of the Chinese people. But in 31 (compare) with other daily necessities in life, Chinese tea is not really cheap to buy. The Biluochun Tea of Suzhou is one of the ten most famous teas in China. The fact that it is very 32 (cost) can boil down to different factors. To begin with, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou, 33 name was supposed to be given by Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty, 34 (date) back to 1,000 years ago and has been among the most famous in China. Secondly, it is available only in a small area in the Taihu Lake 35 (surround) the East Hill of Suzhou and is picked up only in late March or early April. Besides, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou 36 (know) for its beautiful shape, green color, fragrant smell and pure taste. These, all make the tea a top quality one. In addition to its distinctive taste, it is rich in vitamins and minerals, which are believed to promote 37 (relax), improve digestion, and boost the immune system. Also, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou has 38 very complex processing technique. A small tin of tea requires 60,000 spears(新芽) to make. When 39 (pick) in early morning, the tea leaves have to be repeatedly pressed, rubbed and rolled 40 hand over heat, which is particularly labor intensive and time-consuming. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 My Space 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 8 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 定语从句 关系代词 who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，可代替who/which，在以下情况常用：先行词含人和物、被序数词/最高级修饰、不定代词作先行词等）、whose（指人/物，作定语，表“……的”）。 例：The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（who指人，作主语）；This is the book which I bought yesterday.（which指物，作宾语）。 关系副词 when（指时间，作状语）、where（指地点，作状语）、why（指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason）。 例：I still remember the day when we first met.（when指时间）；This is the place where I grew up.（where指地点）。 现在完成时 构成 have/has + 过去分词 用法 ◦ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（常与already, yet, just, ever, never等连用）。 例：I have finished my homework.（作业已完成，对现在的影响是可以休息了）。 ◦ 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用）。 例：We have lived here for 10 years.（从过去持续到现在的居住状态）。 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. This is the house ______ I was born. 答案：where 解析：先行词是house（地点），从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where。 2. He is the boy ______ helped me with my English. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词是boy（人），从句缺主语，用关系代词who或that。 3. I ______ (read) this book three times—it’s very interesting. 答案：have read 解析：“读了三次”表示过去动作对现在的影响（知道书有趣），用现在完成时have read。 4. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. 答案：why 解析：先行词是reason，从句缺原因状语，用关系副词why。 5. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. 答案：that 解析：先行词被最高级best修饰，关系代词用that（不用which）。 6. She ______ (not finish) her homework yet—she needs more time. 答案：hasn’t finished 解析：yet是现在完成时的标志（否定句），表示“还没完成”，用hasn’t finished。 7. The man ______ you met yesterday is my uncle. 答案：whom/who/that 解析：先行词是man（人），从句缺宾语，用whom/who/that（可省略）。 8. They ______ (live) in this city since 2010. 答案：have lived 解析：since 2010表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时have lived。 9. The book ______ cover is red is mine. 答案：whose 解析：先行词是book，从句表“书的封面”，缺定语，用whose。 10. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 答案：Have; been 解析：ever是现在完成时的标志，“去过北京”用have been to，主语是you，助动词用have。 11. This is the first time I ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 答案：have visited 解析：“this is the first time + 从句”结构中，从句用现在完成时，表“第一次做某事”。 12. The girl with ______ I went shopping is my best friend. 答案：whom 解析：先行词是girl（人），介词with后接关系代词，指人用whom。 13. He ______ (just finish) his work, so he can go out now. 答案：has just finished 解析：just是现在完成时的标志，表“刚完成”对现在的影响（可以出去），用has just finished。 14. The days ______ we spent together were happy. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是days（物），从句缺宾语（spent后缺宾语），用that/which。 15. There ______ (be) great changes in our town over the past 10 years. 答案：have been 解析：over the past 10 years是现在完成时的标志，changes是复数，用have been。 16. The teacher ______ class we enjoy most is Mr. Li. 答案：whose 解析：先行词是teacher，从句表“老师的课”，缺定语，用whose。 17. I ______ (know) her for 5 years—we are good friends. 答案：have known 解析：for 5 years表示持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时have known。 18. The car ______ was stolen last night was found this morning. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是car（物），从句缺主语，用that/which。 19. ______ he ______ (call) you yet? 答案：Has; called 解析：yet是现在完成时的标志（疑问句），主语是he，用Has called。 20. This is the museum ______ we visited last week. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是museum（物），从句缺宾语（visited后缺宾语），用that/which（可省略）。 二、句型转换 1. This is the school. I studied in this school 10 years ago.（合并为定语从句） 答案：This is the school where I studied 10 years ago. 解析：先行词是school（地点），从句缺地点状语，用where连接，替换“in this school”。 2. He has finished his work. He can go home now.（合并为一句，用so） 答案：He has finished his work, so he can go home now. 解析：现在完成时表“已完成”，so连接结果“可以回家”，逻辑连贯。 3. I met a girl. Her father is a doctor.（合并为定语从句） 答案：I met a girl whose father is a doctor. 解析：先行词是girl，表“女孩的父亲”，用whose作定语，连接两个句子。 4. They bought a new house. They moved into it last month.（合并为定语从句） 答案：They bought a new house which/that they moved into last month. 解析：先行词是house（物），从句缺宾语（moved into后缺宾语），用which/that连接，也可写成“into which they moved”。 5. She came to this city in 2015. She has lived here since then.（合并为一句） 答案：She has lived in this city since 2015. 解析：since 2015替换“in 2015 + since then”，用现在完成时表持续状态。 6. This is the pen. I wrote the letter with this pen.（合并为定语从句） 答案：This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. 解析：先行词是pen（物），介词with后接which，表“用这支笔”，也可写成“that I wrote the letter with”。 7. He hasn’t called me. I am worried about him.（合并为一句，用so） 答案：He hasn’t called me, so I am worried about him. 解析：现在完成时表“没打电话”对现在的影响（担心），so连接结果。 8. The man is my neighbor. You saw him in the park.（合并为定语从句） 答案：The man whom/who/that you saw in the park is my neighbor. 解析：先行词是man（人），从句缺宾语（saw后缺宾语），用whom/who/that连接。 9. We started learning English 3 years ago. We still learn it now.（合并为一句） 答案：We have been learning English for 3 years. 解析：“3年前开始，现在仍在学”用现在完成进行时（或现在完成时），for 3 years表持续时间。 10. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.（合并为定语从句） 答案：The book that/which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 解析：先行词是book（物），从句缺宾语（borrowed后缺宾语），用that/which连接。 11. She has lived here for 5 years.（对for 5 years提问） 答案：How long has she lived here? 解析：对时间段提问用how long，现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 12. This is the reason. He left the company for this reason.（合并为定语从句） 答案：This is the reason why he left the company. 解析：先行词是reason，从句缺原因状语，用why连接，替换“for this reason”。 13. They have seen this film twice.（改为一般疑问句） 答案：Have they seen this film twice? 解析：现在完成时变一般疑问句，将have/has提前，主语they后接过去分词seen。 14. The girl is my cousin. Her hair is long and black.（合并为定语从句） 答案：The girl whose hair is long and black is my cousin. 解析：先行词是girl，表“女孩的头发”，用whose作定语连接。 15. He came to this city in 2018.（用since改写，保持句意） 答案：He has been in this city since 2018. 解析：since 2018表“从2018年至今”，用现在完成时，“来城市”用be in（延续性动词）。 16. The teacher will give us a talk. We met her yesterday.（合并为定语从句） 答案：The teacher whom/who/that we met yesterday will give us a talk. 解析：先行词是teacher（人），从句缺宾语（met后缺宾语），用whom/who/that连接。 17. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） 答案：I haven’t finished my homework yet. 解析：现在完成时否定句在have/has后加not，already改为yet（放句末）。 18. This is the factory. My father works in this factory.（合并为定语从句） 答案：This is the factory where my father works. 解析：先行词是factory（地点），从句缺地点状语，用where连接，替换“in this factory”。 19. She has never been to London.（改为反义疑问句） 答案：She has never been to London, has she? 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”，never表否定，后接has she。 20. The students are from Class 2. Their teacher is Mr. Wang.（合并为定语从句） 答案：The students whose teacher is Mr. Wang are from Class 2. 解析：先行词是students，表“学生们的老师”，用whose作定语连接。 三、翻译句子 1. 这是我曾经住过的房子。 答案：This is the house where I once lived. 解析：先行词house（地点），从句缺状语，用where；“曾经住过”once lived。 2. 他已经学英语五年了。 答案：He has been learning English for 5 years. 解析：“学五年”表持续动作，用现在完成进行时（或现在完成时has learned），for 5 years表时间段。 3. 你认识那个正在和我们老师说话的男孩吗？ 答案：Do you know the boy who is talking to our teacher? 解析：先行词boy（人），从句缺主语，用who；“正在说话”用现在进行时is talking。 4. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 答案：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，用that；“读过”用现在完成时have read。 5. 自从他来到这所学校，就一直很努力学习。 答案：He has been studying hard since he came to this school. 解析：since引导时间状语（过去时），主句用现在完成进行时，表“持续努力”。 6. 我们昨天参观的博物馆非常大。 答案：The museum that/which we visited yesterday is very large. 解析：先行词museum（物），从句缺宾语，用that/which；“昨天参观”visited yesterday。 7. 你曾经去过上海吗？ 答案：Have you ever been to Shanghai? 解析：“曾经去过”用现在完成时have been to，ever表“曾经”。 8. 这就是他为什么拒绝这个邀请的原因。 答案：This is the reason why he refused the invitation. 解析：先行词reason，用why引导定语从句；“拒绝邀请”refused the invitation。 9. 我刚刚完成了我的项目，所以现在可以休息了。 答案：I have just finished my project, so I can rest now. 解析：“刚刚完成”用现在完成时have just finished；so连接结果“可以休息”。 10. 那个父亲是医生的女孩是我的同班同学。 答案：The girl whose father is a doctor is my classmate. 解析：先行词girl，用whose表“女孩的父亲”；“同班同学”classmate。 11. 他们已经很久没见面了。 答案：They haven’t seen each other for a long time. 解析：“很久没见面”用现在完成时否定式haven’t seen，for a long time表时间段。 12. 我们上周看的那部电影很感人。 答案：The film that/which we saw last week is very moving. 解析：先行词film（物），从句缺宾语，用that/which；“感人的”moving。 13. 这是我第一次参加这样的活动。 答案：This is the first time I have taken part in such an activity. 解析：“this is the first time + 从句”用现在完成时；“参加活动”take part in。 14. 他住的那个城市离这里很远。 答案：The city where he lives is far from here. 解析：先行词city（地点），从句缺状语，用where；“离这里远”far from here。 15. 她还没有回复我的邮件—我有点担心。 答案：She hasn’t replied to my email yet—I’m a bit worried. 解析：“还没回复”用现在完成时否定式hasn’t replied，yet表“还”；“担心”worried。 16. 你认识那个我们在聚会上遇到的女士吗？ 答案：Do you know the lady whom/who/that we met at the party? 解析：先行词lady（人），从句缺宾语，用whom/who/that；“在聚会上”at the party。 17. 自从2010年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 答案：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 2010. 解析：“发生变化”take place（无被动），since 2010用现在完成时have taken place。 18. 他借给我的那支笔不见了。 答案：The pen that/which he lent me has gone missing. 解析：先行词pen（物），从句缺宾语，用that/which；“不见了”has gone missing。 19. 你多久锻炼一次？ 答案：How often do you exercise? 解析：“多久一次”用how often，询问频率，用一般现在时。 20. 这就是他为什么总是感到快乐的原因。 答案：This is the reason why he always feels happy. 解析：“这就是为什么”用This is the reason 句型结构。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells 1.______ (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2.______ (eat), and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields 3.______ (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even 4.______ no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, 5.______ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed 6.______ the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the 7.______ (great) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 8.______ is more than two hundred kilometres away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from 9.______ (hole) in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two - thirds of 10.______ (they) died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people 11.______ were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams 12.______ (dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors 13.______ homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 答案与解析： 1. rose：根据后面的“and fell”可知，这里也用一般过去时，rise的过去式是rose，表示“上升” 。 2. to eat：“too + adj. + to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“太……而不能做某事”，所以用to eat。 3. looking：mice和look之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“老鼠从田野里跑出来，寻找藏身之处”。 4. though/if：“even though/if”表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句，这里表示即使天空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也能听到飞机的声音。 5. who：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the one million people of the city”，在从句中作主语，指人，所以用who。 6. that：“It seemed that...”是固定句型，表示“似乎……”，that引导表语从句。 7. greatest：“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”，所以用greatest。 8. which：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Beijing，在从句中作主语，指物，用which。 9. holes：hole是可数名词，这里表示地面上有很多洞，用复数形式holes。 10. them：of是介词，后面接宾格代词，they的宾格是them。 11. who：引导定语从句，先行词是“the number of people”，在从句中作主语，指人，所以用who。 12. to dig：“organize sb./sth. to do sth.”表示“组织某人/某物做某事”，所以用to dig。 13. whose：引导定语从句，先行词是survivors，在从句中作定语，修饰homes，表示“幸存者的家” ，所以用whose。 2. Extended reading Astronomy is the science of the stars. It has been around for thousands of years. People 1.______ (be) always interested in the stars. They used them to navigate 2.______ (they) way across the oceans, and to tell the time of year. In ancient times, people believed that the stars were gods. They made up stories 3.______ (explain) the movement of the stars. Today, we know that the stars are huge balls of burning gas. They are very far away from us. Some stars are so far away that their light takes billions of years 4.______ (reach) us. The nearest star to our planet is the Sun. It is about 150 million kilometres away. Scientists use telescopes to study the stars. Telescopes allow them to see the stars in more detail. They can study 5.______ stars are born, how they live, and how they die. They can also look for planets 6.______ (orbit) other stars. Some of these planets may be similar 7.______ Earth and could potentially have life on them. In recent years, space exploration 8.______ (allow) us to get even closer to the stars. Spacecraft have been sent to study the Sun and the planets in our solar system. Scientists are also planning 9.______ (send) spacecraft to study other stars and their planets. Astronomy is an exciting field of study. It helps us understand 10.______ (we) place in the universe. It also helps us answer some of the biggest questions in science, such as “How did the universe begin?” and “Are we alone in the universe?” 答案与解析： 1. have been：根据“always”和“for thousands of years”可知，这里用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在一直持续的状态，主语People是复数，所以用have been。 2. their：修饰名词way，要用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，表示“他们的”。 3. to explain：用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“编造故事来解释星星的运动” 。 4. to reach：“take + 时间 + to do sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”，所以用to reach。 5. how：根据后面的“how they live, and how they die”可知，这里也用how，表示“星星是如何诞生的”。 6. orbiting：planets和orbit之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，修饰planets，表示“围绕其他恒星运行的行星” 。 7. to：“be similar to...”是固定短语，表示“与……相似”。 8. has allowed：根据“In recent years”可知，用现在完成时，主语space exploration是单数，所以用has allowed，表示“近年来，太空探索使我们能够更接近恒星” 。 9. to send：“plan to do sth.”表示“计划做某事”，所以用to send。 10. our：修饰名词place，要用形容词性物主代词，we的形容词性物主代词是our，表示“我们的”。 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末)There is one single seasonal food 11 (favour) by Shanghai's food lovers above all others: the sweet flesh and creamy roe(蟹黄) of hairy crab(大闸蟹). In early autumn 12 the weather is pleasant, Shanghai locals start to pay attention to the market for the hairy crab, and once the hairy crab season really 13 (start), it's a nonstop three-month-long feast. The best crabs appear early— in the ninth lunar month for females, when the roe is at its peak, and in the tenth lunar month for males, when the flesh is at its 14 (sweet). I don't think the flesh is delicious, 15 the roe, which makes your lips and fingers yellow, is a worthy prize: it is 16 (amazing ) rich, with the flavor of egg yolk. It is said that Shaoxing wine is often drunk with the crab, perfectly 17 (balance) the cooling properties of the crab in traditional Chinese medicine. It's hard 18 (beat) dining on hairy crab in one of the many restaurants around the edge of Yangcheng Lake, an hour's drive northwest of Shanghai, where the best crabs can 19 (find) — heavy for their size, with the flesh clean and the females full of roe. On a clear autumn day, you can drink cold beer sitting outside at a plastic- covered table. The table may be 20 mess when hairy crabs are enjoyed, but the tasty food is worth it. 【答案】 11. favoured 12. when 13. starts 14. sweetest 15. but 16. amazingly 17. balancing 18. to beat 19. be found 20. a 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人间美食——大闸蟹。 11. 考查过去分词。句意：有一种季节性食物是上海美食爱好者最喜欢的：大闸蟹的甜肉和奶油般的蟹黄。空处为非谓语动词，动词favour在此处用作过去分词，作后置定语修饰food。seasonal food与favour为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填favoured。 12. 考查定语从句。句意：在初秋天气宜人的时候，上海当地人开始关注大闸蟹的市场，一旦大闸蟹季节真正开始，就会有一个长达三个月的不间断盛宴。此处为定语从句，先行词为early autumn，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。故填when。 13. 考查动词时态。句意：在初秋天气宜人的时候，上海当地人开始关注大闸蟹的市场，一旦大闸蟹季节真正开始，就会有一个长达三个月的不间断盛宴。once引导的时间状语从句，句子用一般现在时表示将来。主语为单数，谓语为单数。故填starts。 14. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：最好的螃蟹会早早上市——农历九月的雌蟹，此时蟹黄最为饱满，农历十月的雄蟹，此时蟹肉最为甜美。根据句意，此处表示“最甜美的”，应用形容词的最高级。故填sweetest。 15. 考查连词。句意：我不认为蟹肉好吃，但蟹黄使你的嘴唇和手指变黄，是一个值得的美味：它营养非常丰富，有蛋黄的味道。前后句为转折关系，应用but。故填but。 16. 考查副词。句意：我不认为蟹肉好吃，但蟹黄使你的嘴唇和手指变黄，是一个值得的美味：它营养非常丰富，有蛋黄的味道。副词amazingly修饰形容词rich。故填amazingly。 17. 考查现在分词。句意：据说绍兴酒常与螃蟹一起享用，完美地平衡了螃蟹在中医中的寒性。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词balancing作状语。故填balancing。 18. 考查动词不定式。句意：在距离上海西北部一小时车程的阳澄湖周边，有许多餐馆，其中之一的大闸蟹是最好吃的。在那里，你可以找到最好吃的螃蟹——体型较大，肉质干净，满满的蟹黄。it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故填to beat。 19. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：在距离上海西北部一小时车程的阳澄湖周边，有许多餐馆，其中之一的大闸蟹是最好吃的。在那里，你可以找到最好吃的螃蟹——体型较大，肉质干净，满满的蟹黄。can后接动词原形。the best crabs与find为被动关系，用被动语态，故填be found。 20. 考查冠词。句意：当大闸蟹被享用的时候，桌子可能是一团糟，但是美味的食物是值得拥有的。此处表示泛指一团糟，应用不定冠词，且mess首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 B (23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末)Wild, edible(可食的) spring plants--or chuncai in Chinese--have gained considerable attention from Chinese consumers this spring, as eating chuncai has become a way 21 (welcome) and celebrate the season. In major grocery markets, 22 wild vegetables are visible on stalls(摊位), prices vary up to dozens of yuan per kilogram.“ 23 they are more expensive than ordinary vegetables, they sell out before 10 am every day. They are seasonal delicacies,” said a stall owner in Nanjing, Jiangsu. According to a report 24 (release) by the JD Research Institute, over 50 types of chuncai are on sale 25 e-commerce platforms. The consumers are mainly in big cities 26 most were born between 1980 and 1999. People’s 27 (enthusiastic) for wild vegetables is contributing to a boom in the agritainment (农家乐), with huge numbers traveling to enjoy a taste of spring. Lin Yunli, who 28 (run) a bed-and-breakfast in the suburban Yanqing district of Beijing, has received an 29 (increase) number of tourists since the beginning of spring. “We updated our menu by adding wild vegetable 30 (dish), and they are popular among the guests,” said Lin. “Various wild vegetables grow near my house, and guests can take them home.” 【答案】 21. to welcome 22. where 23. Although/Though/While 24. released 25. on 26. and 27. enthusiasm 28. runs/is running 29. increasing 30. dishes 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了春季野菜在中国受到消费者的关注，成为迎接和庆祝春天的美食，同时带动了农家乐旅游的繁荣。 21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年春天，野生可食用的春季植物——中文叫春菜——受到了中国消费者的极大关注，因为吃春菜已经成为欢迎和庆祝这个季节的一种方式。空处需要动词不定式作way的定语。a way to do sth.“做某事的方式”。故填to welcome。 22. 考查定语从句。句意：在主要的杂货市场，摊位上摆放着各种野菜，价格高达每公斤几十元。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词markets。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 23. 考查从属连词。句意：“尽管它们比普通蔬菜贵得多，但每天上午10点前就售罄了。它们是季节性的美味。”江苏南京的一位摊主说。空处需要一个从属连词来连接两个句子，根据句意可知，“尽管野菜比普通蔬菜贵得多，但是上午10点前就售罄了”。所以可用although，though或者while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。故填Although/Though/While。 24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据京东研究院发布的报告，超过50种春菜正在电子商务平台上销售。空处需要非谓语动词作定语，该动词和修饰的名词“a report”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填released。 25. 考查介词。句意：根据京东研究院发布的报告，超过50种春菜正在电子商务平台上销售。on e-commerce platforms意思是“在电子商务平台上”，为介词短语作状语。故填on。 26. 考查连词。句意：消费者主要集中在大城市，其中大多数人出生于1980年至1999年之间。空处需要and连接了两个描述消费者的句子。第一个句子是“The consumers are mainly in big cities”，描述了消费者的主要地理位置；第二个句子是“most were born between 1980 and 1999”，描述了消费者的大部分出生年份，为逻辑上的并列关系。故填and。 27. 考查名词。句意：人们对野菜的热情正在推动农家乐旅游的繁荣，大量游客前来品尝春天的味道。根据空前的People’s可知，空处需用名词作主语，enthusiastic的名词形式为enthusiasm，表示“热情”。故填enthusiasm。 28. 考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：在北京延庆区郊区经营一家民宿的林云丽自春天开始以来，就接待了越来越多的游客。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，从句中描述一般事实，可用一般现在时态。也可用现在进行时态，表示“林云丽正在经营一家民宿”。who指代先行词Lin Yunli在从句中作主语。故填runs/is running。 29. 考查形容词。句意：在北京延庆区郊区经营一家民宿的林云丽自春天开始以来，就接待了越来越多的游客。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词number，increase的形容词形式为increasing，表示“越来越多的”。故填increasing。 30. 考查名词的复数。句意：“我们更新了菜单，增加了野菜菜肴，它们很受客人欢迎，”林说。根据空前的wild vegetable可知，空处需用名词作宾语，dish为可数名词“菜肴”，此处需要一个名词复数形式来表示不同的菜肴。故填dishes。 C (23-24高二下·江苏苏州·期末)Chinese teas play a very important part in the cultural life of the Chinese people. But in 31 (compare) with other daily necessities in life, Chinese tea is not really cheap to buy. The Biluochun Tea of Suzhou is one of the ten most famous teas in China. The fact that it is very 32 (cost) can boil down to different factors. To begin with, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou, 33 name was supposed to be given by Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty, 34 (date) back to 1,000 years ago and has been among the most famous in China. Secondly, it is available only in a small area in the Taihu Lake 35 (surround) the East Hill of Suzhou and is picked up only in late March or early April. Besides, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou 36 (know) for its beautiful shape, green color, fragrant smell and pure taste. These, all make the tea a top quality one. In addition to its distinctive taste, it is rich in vitamins and minerals, which are believed to promote 37 (relax), improve digestion, and boost the immune system. Also, the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou has 38 very complex processing technique. A small tin of tea requires 60,000 spears(新芽) to make. When 39 (pick) in early morning, the tea leaves have to be repeatedly pressed, rubbed and rolled 40 hand over heat, which is particularly labor intensive and time-consuming. 【答案】 31. comparison 32. costly 33. whose 34. dates 35. surrounding 36. is known 37. relaxation 38. a 39. picked 40. by 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国的名茶碧螺春。 31. 考查名词。句意：但与生活中的其他日用品相比，中国茶真的不便宜。设空处填名词comparison作介词in宾语，in comparison with“与……比较”，为固定短语。故填comparison。 32. 考查形容词。句意：它非常昂贵的事实可以归结为不同的因素。空格处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词，cost的形容词为costly，意为“昂贵的”。故填costly。 33. 考查定语从句。句意：首先，苏州碧螺春茶，它的名字应该是清朝康熙皇帝所赐，可以追溯到1000年前，是中国最著名的茶之一。空格处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou，设空处指代先行词的所有格，在从句中作定语，此处指的是“碧螺春的名字”，此定语从句用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 34. 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：首先，苏州碧螺春茶，它的名字应该是清朝康熙皇帝所赐，可以追溯到1000年前，是中国最著名的茶之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处描述的是事实情况，所以用一般现在时，主语为the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou“苏州碧螺春茶”，所以谓语动词用单数。故填dates。 35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，它只在苏州东山周围的太湖一小片地区才有，而且只有在3月底或4月初才有。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语the Taihu Lake与动词surround之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填surrounding。 36. 考查一般现在时与主谓一致。句意：此外，苏州碧螺春茶以其形美、色绿、香、味纯而闻名。be known for因……而出名，此处描述的是事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为the Biluochun Tea of Suzhou，be动词用单数形式is。故填is known。 37. 考查名词。句意：除了它独特的味道，它还富含维生素和矿物质，这被认为可以促进放松，改善消化，增强免疫系统。空格处位于动词之后，所以需要填入名词作宾语；relax的名词为relaxation，为不可数名词。故填relaxation。 38. 考查冠词。句意：此外，苏州碧螺春茶的加工工艺非常复杂。technique意为“工艺”时为可数名词，此处表泛指“一种复杂加工工艺”，所以需要填入不定冠词，空后后单词very起始音为辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。 39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在清晨采摘时，茶叶必须反复用手加热压榨、揉搓和翻滚，这是一项特别劳动密集型和耗时的工作。when引导时间状语从句，状语从句主语与主句主语一致，为the tea leaves，从句可省略为“when+分词”结构作状语，动词pick与主语之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填picked。 40. 考查介词。句意：在清晨采摘时，茶叶必须反复在高温上用手反复挤压、揉搓和翻滚，这是一项特别劳动密集型和耗时的工作。此处表示“用手工”，为by hand，所以用介词by。故填by。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$