第01期期末暑假 专题03 阅读理解说明文（提分策略+25高考3篇+25期终16篇）-2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练

2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第01期 2025年期末考试暑假专辑 专题03 阅读理解说明文 （提分策略+25高考3篇+25期终16篇）解析版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 9 技能专区： 冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语） （介词短语）（名词短语）。 · 真题专区： · 练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！ 01-2025全国一卷 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.( 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.( 尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”( 格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 · 02-2025全国二卷 · When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. · “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. · “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” · If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? · A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. · C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? · A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. · C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? · A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. · C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? · A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood · C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 · 03-2025全国二卷 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)”可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 34.主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 04-2025浙江1月卷 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。 【解析】 28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develop low-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas of parkland ...need minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。 30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavors、playing with color and form、Beautiful、enjoy the smallest detail、the sound of grasses、the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjoy的概括。 31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。 模拟专区： 做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【说明文01】（24-25高二下·山东泰安·期末）Climate change is causing the oceans to get warmer and more acidic, making it harder for corals to build and maintain their mineral skeletons (骨骼). Eventually, coral reefs will literally start to dissolve (溶解). It’s a sad story, but one with a surprising silver lining. Research presented this week shows dissolving coral will slow climate change, by boosting the oceans’ ability to take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the atmosphere. By the end of the century, the oceans could be absorbing up to 400 megatons (兆吨) of additional carbon per year. That’s more than the annual emissions of Australia or the United Kingdom. Corals build their skeletons from calcium carbonate by pulling carbonate ions (碳酸根离子) from seawater. But more CO₂ in the air drives more of the gas into the ocean, making it more acidic and reducing carbonate ions. This makes it harder for coral reefs to grow and may eventually lead to coral dissolution. Dissolving calcium carbonate reduces acidity more than it releases carbon, restoring ocean pH and increasing its carbon absorption. Alban Planchat, a climate scientist, and his colleagues used a computer model to see what would happen to coral reefs and the effects of coral dissolution on ocean carbon cycling as the world warms. They tested multiple climate cases, ranging from more optimistic cases in which carbon emissions eventually decline to pessimistic cases in which humanity doesn’t reduce emissions at all. Results showed that even in moderate cases, coral reefs are expected to decline, but this process could help trap carbon in the ocean. By 2300, an extra 110,000 megatons of carbon could be stored. For Planchat, the result is a clear reminder that the climate and biodiversity crises are connected, but are not identical. Even if dead reefs would help a bit with climate change, losing them would destroy vital ecosystems that host about 25% of marine species. If he had to choose, Planchat thinks the biodiversity crisis needs more attention. “We always talk about the carbon footprint for everything,” he says. “It’s necessary, but we also have to take into account the biodiversity.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “a surprising silver lining” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．An obvious drawback. B．A hidden danger. C．An unexpected bright side. D．A temporary solution. 2．What directly prevents corals from building mineral skeletons? A．More CO2 escapes into the air. B．Acidic water decreases carbonate ions. C．Coral skeletons stop producing calcium. D．Warmer water destroys coral skeletons. 3．What do Planchat’s models suggest about coral dissolution? A．It is unlikely to happen this century. B．It might help oceans trap more carbon. C．It can slow down ocean carbon cycling. D．It will cause an increase of marine species. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To suggest ways to slow down global warming. B．To call for more research about coral dissolution. C．To explain the reason why ocean becomes acidic. D．To show how coral reefs may help absorb carbon. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍珊瑚礁溶解这一现象，以及其在减缓气候变化方面可能起到的吸收二氧化碳的作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“It’s a sad story, but one with a surprising silver lining.(这是一个令人悲伤的故事，但却有一个“a surprising silver lining.”)”以及第二段提到的“Research presented this week shows dissolving coral will slow climate change, by boosting the oceans’ ability to take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the atmosphere.(本周公布的研究表明，溶解的珊瑚会增强海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而减缓气候变化)可知，“a surprising silver lining”指的是一个意想不到的好的方面。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Corals build their skeletons from calcium carbonate by pulling carbonate ions (碳酸根离子) from seawater. But more CO₂ in the air drives more of the gas into the ocean, making it more acidic and reducing carbonate ions. This makes it harder for coral reefs to grow(珊瑚通过从海水中吸收碳酸根离子，用碳酸钙构建骨骼。但空气中更多的二氧化碳会使更多的气体进入海洋，使海水酸性更强，并减少碳酸根离子。这使得珊瑚礁更难生长)”可知，酸性水减少碳酸根离子直接阻碍了珊瑚构建矿物骨骼。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Results showed that even in moderate cases, coral reefs are expected to decline, but this process could help trap carbon in the ocean. By 2300, an extra 110,000 megatons of carbon could be stored.(结果表明，即使在中等情况下，珊瑚礁预计会减少，但这一过程可能有助于将碳困在海洋中。到2300年，可能会额外储存11万兆吨碳）可知，Planchat的模型表明珊瑚溶解可能有助于海洋捕获更多的碳。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research presented this week shows dissolving coral will slow climate change, by boosting the oceans’ ability to take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the atmosphere.(本周公布的研究显示，珊瑚溶解会增强海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，进而减缓气候变化)” 可知，珊瑚溶解会减缓气候变化，增强海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力。接着后文具体阐述了其原理和相关研究，所以文章主要目的是说明珊瑚礁如何帮助吸收碳，故选D项。 【说明文02】（24-25高二下·山东济宁·期末）Several species have fascinated observers with their abilities to skip side-to-side on the water as if it were land. One such species native to Virginia is the cricket frog. Jake Socha, a professor at Virginia Tech, leads a research team that studies the cricket frog’s unique ability to “skitter”, another name for jumping multiple times in succession. “Skittering is not actually a well-defined word for this behavior — one naturalist used it in 1949, and since then, it’s been used for this type of motion,” Socha says. “Part of this research is not only to study this behavior in cricket frogs, but to try and give ‘skittering’ a more precise, scientific definition.” The popular opinion holds that cricket frogs freely jump about with only their feet penetrating the water’s surface. However, Socha’s recordings showed a different picture. Researchers found that the frogs actually sink with each jump. The misunderstanding that cricket frogs have previously appeared to skip across the water when viewed by eye is largely because of their rapid motion. The team used a 20-gallon glass tank and released the frogs into it. High speed cameras were positioned from the side of the glass tank to document the action above and below the water’ s surface. As the frogs skipped, the team captured (拍摄) their getaway. Their movements might more accurately be called “porpoising” after the movement that a dolphin uses: jumping into the air from beneath the surface of the water. By observing them in slow motion, team members broke each jump cycle down to: ●Takeoff, from an underwater position ●Aerial, or time in the air following a jump ●Re-entry, back into the water ●Recovery, resetting for the next jump Understanding skittering is an important discovery for biology, but it holds other keys as well. This discovery provides a new physical basis for the future of bio-inspired robotics, where devices can draw inspiration from nature to use well-tested methods that frogs have been using for centuries. 1．What is the primary goal of Jake Socha’ s research about cricket frogs? A．To define their moving routes. B．To confirm their documented behavior. C．To better interpret their jumps. D．To create bio-inspired robots like them. 2．What does the underlined word “penetrating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Resting upon. B．Sliding over. C．Sticking on. D．Cutting through. 3．What do researchers focus on when filming cricket frogs? A．Categorizing their risky behaviors. B．Measuring their quick speed. C．Observing the height of their jumps. D．Tracking their sinking actions. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly discuss concerning the research? A．Its broader significance. B．Its key challenges. C．Its potential limitations. D．Its theoretical sources. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究团队对蟋蟀蛙独特跳跃行为“skittering”的研究及发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of this research is not only to study this behavior in cricket frogs, but to try and give ‘skittering’ a more precise, scientific definition.(这项研究的一部分不仅是研究蟋蟀蛙的这种行为，还试图给‘skittering’一个更精确、科学的定义。)”以及第三段中研究发现蟋蟀蛙每次跳跃都会下沉，纠正了之前的普遍观点可知，Jake Socha研究的主要目标是更好地解释蟋蟀蛙的跳跃行为。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The popular opinion holds that cricket frogs freely jump about with only their feet penetrating the water’s surface. However, Socha’s recordings showed a different picture. Researchers found that the frogs actually sink with each jump.(普遍观点认为，蟋蟀蛙自由跳跃，只有脚penetrating水面。然而，Socha的记录显示了不同的情况。研究人员发现，这些青蛙每次跳跃实际上都会下沉。)”可知，普遍观点认为蟋蟀蛙的脚只是接触水面，而研究发现它们会下沉，因此“penetrating”应意为“穿透”，与“Cutting through”意思相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, Socha’s recordings showed a different picture. Researchers found that the frogs actually sink with each jump.(然而，Socha的记录显示了不同的情况。研究人员发现，这些青蛙每次跳跃实际上都会下沉。)”以及第四段中对拍摄过程和跳跃周期的描述可知，研究人员拍摄蟋蟀蛙时，重点在于追踪它们的下沉动作。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Understanding skittering is an important discovery for biology, but it holds other keys as well. This discovery provides a new physical basis for the future of bio-inspired robotics...(理解‘skittering’对生物学来说是一个重要发现，但它还有其他意义。这一发现为未来的仿生机器人技术提供了新的物理基础……)”可知，该段主要讨论了这项研究更广泛的意义。故选A项。 【说明文03】（24-25高二下·山东济南·期末）When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their whole trip sleeping or feeling exhausted. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University, links exercise with the body’s internal clock, opening the possibility of treating jet lag (时差反应) with a workout. Both traveling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can severely disturb the body’s internal clock, including making the body release the sleep-causing chemical melatonin (祖国素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag. The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to explore the effects of exercise on body’s internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored. The researchers noted shifts in the melatonin levels of participants: correlated with their activity level. The study uncovered that morning (7 a, m,) or afternoon (1-4 p. m.) works shifted the internal clock forward, while evening (7-10 p. m.) exercise shifted it backward. “This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.” Shawn, the lead researcher said. For west-to-east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone shifts. For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backwards by regulating the amount of melatonin. Walking or cycling are great ways to see the sites, when traveling, while getting jet-lag beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip! 1．What is the key factor causing jet lag according to the text? A．Low melatonin. B．Shortened sleeping. C．Long travel tiredness. D．Body rhythm disorder. 2．How did researchers get the result? A．By doing observations. B．By undertaking surveys. C．By making comparisons. D．By integrating experience. 3．What does Shawn think of the study? A．Overrated. B．Pathbreaking. C．Unrealistic. D．Conclusive. 4．Which exercise suits travelers flying from China to Canada? A．Morning jogging. B．Evening swimming. C．Mid-night cycling. D．Random-time walking. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚利桑那州立大学的一项新研究表明运动与人体生物钟有关，通过锻炼可治疗时差反应，并说明了不同时间运动对生物钟的影响及适用情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag.(当人体内部的主时钟与目的地的外部时钟不一致时，就会导致所有身体节律的不匹配。这正是时差反应的核心所在)”可知，导致时差反应的关键因素是身体节律紊乱。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored.(首先，研究人员全天测量了99名参与者的褪黑素水平，以建立一个基线。然后，要求参与者连续三天在不同时间进行一小时的运动，并监测他们的褪黑素水平)”可知，研究人员通过对比参与者运动前后以及不同时间运动时的褪黑素水平来得出结果。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中Shawn的话“This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.(这是第一项比较运动对生物钟影响的研究，并且为利用运动来帮助减少时差反应和倒班工作的负面影响开辟了可能性)”可知，Shawn认为这项研究是具有开创性的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial.(对于从东向西的旅行，早上或下午的锻炼是有益的)”可知，中国在东，加拿大在西，从中国飞往加拿大是从东向西的旅行，所以早上慢跑适合。故选A项。 【说明文04】（24-25高二下·广东·期末）Researchers at the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences are on the frontline of postharvest technology, dedicated to preserving the freshness and nutritional value of vegetables while reducing waste. Their work extends beyond shelf life alone, focusing also on maintaining the quality of produce. One key focus is rapid precooling, a critical step in preserving freshness. This involves lowering the temperatures of freshly harvested vegetables to the ideal levels for long-term storage. “It’s like enveloping them in invisible freshness ‘armor’,” said Wang Qing, a researcher at the academy. However, achieving effective precooling involves its challenges. Different vegetables and varying levels of ripeness require temperature controls. To address this issue, the researchers created advanced experimental platforms in their lab, carefully recording changes under various conditions to identify the ideal temperature range for each produce type. After months of research, they developed new methods like controlling air cooling speed and humidity, using flowing-ice in layered containers, and using tiny ozone particles (臭氧分子) for cleaning bacteria. “Beyond the technology, we’ve developed a range of precooling equipment suited to various vegetables,” said Zhao Xiaoyan, an official at the academy. These new methods have made precooling much more effective, doubling or even quadrupling the shelf life of vegetables sent to cities. Discoloration also poses significant challenges for vegetable preservation. “Discoloration during storage often results in entire shipments being rejected, causing financial losses for farmers and businesses alike,” said Wang Dan, a member of the team. Starting with white radishes (萝卜), creating and analyzing the vegetable’s blue discoloration process in laboratory and real-world conditions, the team identified a plant compound (化合物) that produce the unwanted blue color and discovered that controlling gas composition within packaging could effectively prevent discoloration. Researchers then expanded their research to other vegetables, identifying the main processes that cause color. Over the past two years, the team’s innovations have been applied in 75 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The researchers’ specialized preservation technologies and devices have revolutionized the vegetable supply chain, generating additional sales and increasing profits for related industries. 1．What does the underlined word “armor” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．A precooling system. B．A storage method. C．A temperature controller. D．A protective covering. 2．What innovation did researchers achieve in precooling? A．Using ozone particles to replace cleaning processes. B．Improving air cooling efficiency and humidity level. C．Developing tailored equipment and diverse methods. D．Creating standardized temperature for each produce type. 3．What is the key to tackling discoloration? A．Recreating discoloration process. B．Adjusting gas inside the sealed pack. C．Identifying plant compounds causing blue. D．Testing white radishes under real conditions. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain major challenges in vegetable storage. B．To introduce breakthroughs in vegetable freshness. C．To share researchers’ opinions in vegetable preservation. D．To highlight the value of Chinese postharvest technology. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是北京市农林科学院的研究人员在采后技术领域取得的突破性进展，尤其是他们在蔬菜保鲜方面所做的努力和成果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“This involves lowering the temperatures of freshly harvested vegetables to the ideal levels for long-term storage. “It’s like enveloping them in invisible freshness(这涉及将刚采摘的蔬菜的温度降至适宜长期储存的理想水平。“这就像给它们裹上一层无形的新鲜……”)”可知，将刚采摘的蔬菜的温度降至适宜长期储存的理想水平可以保持它们的新鲜，因此划线词所在句子表示“这就像给蔬菜裹上了一层无形的新鲜‘铠甲’”，划线词armor的意思是“盔甲”，和A protective covering意思相近。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To address this issue, the researchers created advanced experimental platforms in their lab, carefully recording changes under various conditions to identify the ideal temperature range for each produce type. After months of research, they developed new methods like controlling air cooling speed and humidity, using flowing-ice in layered containers, and using tiny ozone particles (臭氧分子) for cleaning bacteria. “Beyond the technology, we’ve developed a range of precooling equipment suited to various vegetables,” said Zhao Xiaoyan, an official at the academy.(为了解决这一问题，研究人员在实验室中搭建了先进的实验平台，仔细记录各种条件下的变化，以确定每种农产品的理想温度范围。经过数月的研究，他们开发出了新方法，如控制风冷速度和湿度、使用分层容器中的流冰，以及利用微小臭氧分子杀菌。“除了技术之外，我们还开发了一系列适合不同蔬菜的预冷设备，”北京市农林科学院官员赵小燕说道。)”可知，研究人员在预冷方面取得的创新成果是开发量身定制的设备和多样化的方法。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Starting with white radishes (萝卜), creating and analyzing the vegetable’s blue discoloration process in laboratory and real-world conditions, the team identified a plant compound (化合物) that produce the unwanted blue color and discovered that controlling gas composition within packaging could effectively prevent discoloration.(研究团队从白萝卜入手，在实验室和实际条件下创建并分析蔬菜变蓝的过程，确定了一种导致不期望的蓝色产生的植物化合物，并发现控制包装内的气体成分可以有效防止变色。)”可知，解决变色问题的关键是调节密封包装内的气体。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Researchers at the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences are on the frontline of postharvest technology, dedicated to preserving the freshness and nutritional value of vegetables while reducing waste. Their work extends beyond shelf life alone, focusing also on maintaining the quality of produce.(北京市农林科学院的研究人员站在采后技术的前沿，致力于在减少浪费的同时，保持蔬菜的新鲜度和营养价值。他们的工作不仅局限于延长保质期，还注重保持农产品的品质。)”可知，本文主要讲的是北京市农林科学院的研究人员在采后技术领域取得的突破性进展，尤其是他们在蔬菜保鲜方面所做的努力和成果，因此本文的目的是介绍蔬菜保鲜方面的突破性成果。故选B。 【说明文05】（24-25高二下·山东烟台·期末）Katherine Rundell’s follow-up to 2023’s Impossible Creatures—a novel that sees two children trying to protect “the world’s last magical place”, which is home to all manner of imaginary beings—goes hand in hand with the previous one. But rather than a fantasy story, Vanishing Treasures is a nonfiction survey of some of the seemingly impossible creatures who call our planet home. As the title suggests, many of our neighbors are disappearing at an alarming rate mostly due to humanity’s irresistible greed and desire to dominate whatever is beautiful and rare. In this book, Katherine Rundell takes us on a tour of the world’s most awe-inspiring animals currently facing extinction. She combines history and personal experiences with a vivid storytelling style. Her own observations and interactions color her description of each animal in an accessible way, which is as enjoyable to read as the facts. Having witnessed the Amur leopard’s stealthy approach to its victim while tracking it, Rundell writes, “The leopard glides through the underbrush like a shadow, its powerful muscles working in perfect harmony with the silence of the forest. Each step is a silent promise of both beauty and danger.” The book unfolds a wealth of wonders. The seahorse couples meet each morning for a dance, changing colors before going their separate ways. The wood frog survives winter by allowing itself to freeze solid, its heartbeat slowing until it stops altogether. When spring comes, the heart kick-starts itself naturally back to life. Regrettably, these extraordinary animals are each on the border of extinction. This brilliant essay collection focusing on 23 unusual and underappreciated creatures serves as a forceful call insisting we re-envision the world around us—to truly recognize the fascinating animals, along with their hidden histories and remarkable capabilities and above all, to treasure the immeasurable fortune of inhabiting the same ground as such disappearing treasures. Beautifully illustrated, and full of intellect, Vanishing Treasures is a chance to be awestruck and lovestruck, to engage with the world’s beauty and its delicate nature and its strangeness. 1．What do we know about the creatures in Rundell’s new novel? A．They’re extinct species. B．They’re fictional but magical. C．They inhabit different planets. D．They’re real but endangered. 2．What does the underlined word “stealthy” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Secretive. B．Hesitant. C．Awkward. D．Obvious. 3．Why does the author mention the seahorse couples and the wood frog? A．To reveal animals’ bonds. B．To prove animals’ adaptability. C．To indicate animals’ amazing features. D．To contrast animals’ survival skills 4．What is Vanishing Treasures aimed at? A．Driving environmental actions. B．Sharing personal adventures. C．Resolving human-animal conflicts. D．Promoting ecological appreciation. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Katherine Rundell的新书《Vanishing Treasures》，这是一本非虚构作品，聚焦地球上真实存在的濒危神奇生物，通过生动的叙述和科学事实，呼吁人们重新认识并珍惜这些即将消失的自然瑰宝。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“But rather than a fantasy story, Vanishing Treasures is a nonfiction survey of some of the seemingly impossible creatures who call our planet home. As the title suggests, many of our neighbors are disappearing at an alarming rate mostly due to humanity’s irresistible greed and desire to dominate whatever is beautiful and rare.(但《Vanishing Treasures》并非一部奇幻故事，而是一本关于一些看似不可思议却生活在我们地球上的生物的非虚构作品。正如书名所示，我们的许多“邻居”正在以惊人的速度消失，这主要是由于人类无法抗拒的贪婪以及想要主宰一切美丽和稀有的事物的欲望所致。)”可知，《Vanishing Treasures》是一部非虚构作品，描述了地球上真实的生物，而这些生物正以惊人的速度消失，主要原因是人类的贪婪。因此，这些生物是真实存在的，但处于濒危状态。故选D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据后文的细节描述“The leopard glides through the underbrush like a shadow, its powerful muscles working in perfect harmony with the silence of the forest. Each step is a silent promise of both beauty and danger.(这只豹子在灌木丛中悄无声息地滑行，宛如一片阴影。它那强壮的肌肉与森林的寂静完美地协调一致。每一步都蕴含着美丽与危险的无声承诺。)”可知，“悄无声息”，“无声承诺”都描写了豹子的行动隐蔽、安静，避免被发现，因此可推知，“stealthy”意为“隐秘的”或“偷偷摸摸的”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通过阅读该段可知，该段首句“The book unfolds a wealth of wonders.(这本书展现了丰富的奇迹。)”指出“书展现了丰富的奇迹”，为该段的中心主旨句，由此推知，后文“The seahorse couples meet each morning for a dance, changing colors before going their separate ways. The wood frog survives winter by allowing itself to freeze solid…(海马夫妻每天早晨都会一起跳舞，然后变换颜色后各自离开。木蛙能在冬季存活下来是因为它能够让自己完全冻结起来……)”提及的海马夫妇和木蛙是用书中的动物举例说明“丰富的奇迹”。由此推测，提及它们是为了表明“奇迹”的真实存在，显示动物的惊人特征。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“This brilliant essay collection focusing on 23 unusual and underappreciated creatures serves as a forceful call insisting we re-envision the world around us—to truly recognize the fascinating animals, along with their hidden histories and remarkable capabilities and above all, to treasure the immeasurable fortune of inhabiting the same ground as such disappearing treasures.(这部精彩的文集聚焦于 23 种罕见且未得到充分重视的生物，它以强有力的呼吁形式提醒我们重新审视我们周围的世界——要真正认识到这些迷人的动物、它们隐藏的历史以及非凡的能力，最重要的是，要珍惜与这些即将消失的珍宝共处同一片土地所带来的无价之宝。)” 可知，该书是“一个强有力的呼吁”，让读者重新审视世界，真正认识动物的迷人之处、历史和能力。由此推知，该书旨在提升人们对生态的欣赏和珍视。故选D项。 【说明文06】（24-25高二下·江苏连云港·期末）In today’s world, bad news seems endless — wars, economic crises, and climate disasters fill headlines. Yet, many of us can’t stop checking our phones for updates, even late into the night. This habit, known as “doom-scrolling”, traps people in a cycle of consuming negative content. Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. Modern media uses this natural ability, prioritizing shocking headlines with the rule “if it bleeds, it leads.” Social media now acts like a digital “lion in the grass”, feeding our brains endless alerts about global crises. Christopher Ferguson, a psychology professor at Stetson University, explains, “People who struggle with uncertainty are especially open to doom-scrolling.” This habit resembles contemplation (沉思) — repeating dark thoughts without solving problems. Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. Even if the cause-effect relationship is unclear, losing sleep over endless scrolling certainly harms mood. Physical effects are also emerging. Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. Delete app shortcuts or use tools to limit screen time. Ferguson advises, “Social media should mostly be fun. Ask yourself: Are you enjoying this?” If not, create a plan. For example, use a catchphrase like “Stop scrolling” to interrupt the habit. Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. By understanding why doom-scrolling happens and taking practical actions, we can reclaim our time and mental well-being. His final tips? Don’t doom-scroll about doom-scrolling. “It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it,” Perguson said. 1．Why do people tend to focus on threats naturally? A．People enjoy consuming negative content. B．It is a survival need inherited from ancestors. C．Modern media prioritizes shocking headlines. D．Social media keeps informing us of global crises. 2．How does the author organize the information in Paragraph 3? A．By proving clear causes of health problems. B．By listing experts’ opinions from both sides. C．By showing study findings with explanations. D．By warning about risks and advising solutions. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Various doom-scrolling habits. B．Media’s role in doom-scrolling. C．The lasting effects of doom-scrolling. D．Strategies to overcome doom-scrolling. 4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．Stop researching doom-scrolling. B．Avoid discussing doom-scrolling. C．Don’t over-worry about doom-scrolling. D．Don’t learn about doom-scrolling online. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“末日刷屏”这一现象，包括其产生的原因、对人们身心健康的影响以及克服这一习惯的策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. (人类天生就关注威胁 —— 这是从古代遗传下来的生存需求。早期注意到掠食者等危险的人类有更好的生存机会。)”可知，人们倾向于关注威胁是因为这是从祖先那里遗传下来的生存需求。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. (研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会恶化心理健康，将其与抑郁和焦虑联系起来。)”以及“Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. (伦敦国王学院的免疫生物学家丹·尼科劳发现，频繁使用社交媒体的人体内C反应蛋白水平可能更高，这是一种炎症标志物。这可能是由于身体为想象中的威胁做准备，导致与疾病相关的长期炎症。)”可知，作者在第三段中通过展示研究结果并给出解释来组织信息。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. (为了摆脱这个循环，首先要远离你的手机。)”以及“Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. (最后，不要对你的科技使用感到恐慌 —— 小而谨慎的步骤可以重建你与设备之间更健康的关系。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了克服“末日刷屏”的策略。故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中划线句后Perguson所说的“It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it (反思我们与技术的关系是健康的。只是尽量不要在这样做的时候感到恐慌)”可知，Perguson建议不要过度恐慌于“末日刷屏”这一行为，即不要过度担心“末日刷屏”。所以划线句子的意思是“不要过度担心‘末日刷屏’”。故选C项。 【说明文07】（24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The fast but worthless relief. B．The loss of thinking capacity. C．The meaningful engagement. D．The lack of necessary comfort. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Exploring a new city by using GPS. D．Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smartphones: barriers to human B．GPS: the invisible cost of convenience C．Stress: the main cause of brain damage D．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数字便利带来的舒适可能削弱我们的能力，而适度的挑战和不适能增强我们的抗逆力。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. (想象一下，某天早晨醒来，你发现智能手机不见了。你再也无法靠它导航去上班、点咖啡，也无法与朋友们联系。对我们大多数人来说，这简直是一场噩梦。但这并非far-fetched。)”和第三段中“However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. (然而，减少对这些便利的依赖可能会带来不适。在追求当下的舒适时，我们可能正在放弃一些不适。)”可知，手机丢失导致无法进行日常活动，对大多数人来说是个噩梦，但是这种不适并不是不可接受的。从而推知，划线词表示“这并不应该是无法被接受的”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. (虽然这些便利提供了短期的缓解，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力。)”以及“Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. (随着时间的推移，那些更依赖GPS的人在空间记忆和解决问题的能力上出现了急剧下降。)”可知，数字便利可能会导致思维能力的丧失。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. (把它想象成“微量服用困难”——一系列小的、可管理的困难，让我们的精神和情感肌肉保持强壮，比如用钢笔写字，或者用手洗碗。)”可知，“微量服用困难”指的是一系列小的、可管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的精神和情感肌肉保持强壮。A选项“Taking the stairs instead of the lift. (走楼梯而不是乘电梯。)”符合“微量服用困难”的定义，因为它是一个小的、可管理的困难，能够锻炼我们的身体和精神。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. (这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得更强大的东西。)”、“This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. (这种适应性对于培养抗逆力至关重要，这一过程由心理挑战和积极努力共同推动。)”和最后一段中“These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. (这些小小的行为足以唤醒我们埋在层层安逸下的抗逆力。)”可知，文章主要讨论了数字便利带来的舒适可能削弱我们的能力，而适度的挑战和不适能增强我们的抗逆力。因此，D选项“Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience (不适：抗逆力的隐藏来源)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 【说明文08】（24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）Scientists may be able to predict our risk of stroke by taking pictures of our eyes, according to a study published on Monday. A stroke happens when blood flow is blocked to a part of the brain, causing disability or death. Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors — such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes. But scientists have found a new way to predict a stroke: using photos of the eye. At the back of the eye there is light-sensitive tissue filled with tiny blood vessels (血管) called the retina that we use to see. This complicated blood-vessel network is known to share similarities with the blood vessels in the brain, so scientists can use it to assess blood-vessel damage in the brain. An international team of ophthalmologists — eye scientists — analyzed pictures of the retinas of more than 45,000 people. They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels. Over an average of 12.5 years, 749 of the study participants had a stroke. They were more likely to be older, male, smokers, diabetic and overweight. They also had higher blood pressure and lower levels of good cholesterol (胆固醇). After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 29 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk. The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight. Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities. 1．What is a traditional way of assessing the risk of stroke? A．Inquiring health conditions. B．Taking pictures of the eye. C．Checking blood flow. D．Designing invasive tests. 2．How did the scientists analyze pictures of retina? A．By applying various techniques. B．By employing previous research data. C．By examining features of blood vessels. D．By measuring similarities between individuals. 3．Who is more likely to suffer a stroke? A．A woman with an active lifestyle. B．A senior with a history of brain disease. C．A man with abnormal density of blood vessels. D．A teenager with higher levels of good cholesterol. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Suspicious. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家发现可通过眼底照片预测中风风险的研究及相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors — such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes.(目前，医生只能通过进行侵入性检查或询问生活方式和健康因素来评估一个人中风的风险——比如体重、饮食、运动、吸烟和其他健康状况，包括高血压和糖尿病。)”可知，传统评估中风风险的方法包括询问健康状况。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels. (他们使用一种专门的成像技术来帮助分析血管的质量。他们测量了个体视网膜“指纹”之间118种可能的差异，这些差异与血管的密度、复杂性、扭曲度、角度和厚度有关。)”可知，科学家通过检查血管特征来分析视网膜照片。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 29 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk. (在调整这些已知的中风风险因素和其他因素后，科学家们发现29种可测量的“指纹”差异与首次中风的风险相关。其中，17个与血管密度有关，密度的每一次变化都与10%到19%的中风风险差异相关。)”可知，血管密度异常的男性更可能中风。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight. Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities.(眼科医生得出结论，视网膜成像是评估个体中风风险的实用方法，尤其是在医疗资源紧张的地方。然而，这是一项主要针对英国白人参与者的观察性研究，因此其发现可能不适用于不同种族的人。)”可知，作者既肯定了研究成果，也指出其局限性，态度是客观的。故选A项。 【说明文09】（24-25高二下·江苏南通·期末）The fact that humans who are not related by blood help each other repeatedly over time is demonstrably true — think of the ongoing mutual (相互的) support that sustains your longest-running friendships. But the idea that such interactions occur in the animal kingdom has been difficult to prove. A new study of African starlings (欧掠鸟) led by biologist Rubenstein and his colleagues draws on data gathered over 20 years and proves exactly that: The starlings demonstrate “reciprocity”, helping each other with the expectation that the favor will eventually be returned. Rubenstein said such behaviour was probably necessary for starlings as they live in a harsh environment where drought is common and food is limited. “Two birds probably can’t feed their young on their own, so they need these helpers to help them,” he said, adding that as each breeding (繁殖) pair produces their young, birds must be employed from outside the family group to help the young survive. Writing in the journal Nature, Rubenstein and colleagues report how they studied superb starlings at 410 nests in Kenya covering nine social groups, recording data over a 20-year period from 2002 that covered more than 40 breeding seasons. The team also collected DNA from 1,175 birds to explore their relationships to each other. The results reveal that rather than helping birds at random, starlings preferentially helped breeding birds that were related to them, particularly if they were born in the same nest. However, they also helped unrelated breeding birds, even when there were opportunities to help relatives. The team found helpers tended to aid specific breeding birds. Crucially, these pairs of breeders and helpers often switched roles from one breeding season to the next-particularly if they were immigrants (移民) to the group. “You can think of them as friendships, in the sense that they’re not relatives.” said Rubenstein. However, Rubenstein said questions remained. “Why don’t they just get the help and then not reciprocate the help in the future?” he said, adding the team was collecting further data to explore the mystery. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A favor will eventually be wasted. B．Non-relative animals help each other. C．Mutual support contributes to friendship. D．Blood relation lasts longer than friendship 2．What did Rubenstein explain in paragraph 3? A．Tips on increasing nest survival rates B．The impact of climate change on birds. C．Leading causes of bird population decline. D．Reasons for non-relative helping among birds. 3．What can be learnt from the research findings about reciprocal helping? A．It was recorded at random. B．It was chosen on purpose. C．It was done with reservation. D．It was limited to family groups. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Expectations for future studies. B．Applications of the research findings. C．A summary of the evidence on problems. D．A reasonable doubt about the research findings 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究非洲欧掠鸟证明非血缘关系的动物之间也存在互助行为。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But the idea that such interactions occur in the animal kingdom has been difficult to prove. (但这种互动在动物界中发生的观点一直难以证实。)”以及第二段“A new study of African starlings (欧掠鸟) led by biologist Rubenstein and his colleagues draws on data gathered over 20 years and proves exactly that: The starlings demonstrate “reciprocity”, helping each other with the expectation that the favor will eventually be returned. (生物学家Rubenstein及其同事开展了一项针对非洲欧掠鸟的新研究，该研究基于20多年来收集的数据，恰恰证明了这一点：欧掠鸟展现出“互惠性”，它们会互相帮助，并期望对方最终会回馈这份恩情。)”可知，that指代的是“非血缘关系的动物之间存在互助行为”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rubenstein said such behaviour was probably necessary for starlings as they live in a harsh environment where drought is common and food is limited. “Two birds probably can’t feed their young on their own, so they need these helpers to help them,” he said, adding that as each breeding (繁殖) pair produces their young, birds must be employed from outside the family group to help the young survive. (Rubenstein说，这种行为对欧掠鸟来说可能是必要的，因为它们生活在干旱常见、食物有限的恶劣环境中。他说：“两只鸟可能无法独自养活幼鸟，所以它们需要这些帮手来帮忙。”他还补充说，每对繁殖期的欧掠鸟产下幼鸟后，都必须从家族群体之外招募鸟儿来帮助幼鸟存活。)”可知，Rubenstein在第三段解释了鸟类之间非血缘关系互助的原因。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The results reveal that rather than helping birds at random, starlings preferentially helped breeding birds that were related to them, particularly if they were born in the same nest. (结果表明，欧掠鸟并不是随机帮助其他鸟类，而是优先帮助与它们有亲缘关系的繁殖鸟类，特别是如果它们出生在同一个巢穴里的话。)”可知，互助行为是有选择性的，并非随机。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“However, Rubenstein said questions remained. “Why don’t they just get the help and then not reciprocate the help in the future?” he said, adding the team was collecting further data to explore the mystery. (然而，Rubenstein表示，仍有一些问题有待解答。他说：“为什么它们在得到帮助后，未来却不回馈这份帮助呢？”他还补充说，研究团队正在收集更多数据，以解开这一谜团。)”可知，最后一段主要关注对未来研究的期望。故选 A。 【说明文10】（24-25高二下·江苏南通·期末）Positive emotions such as joy and happiness are important for mental health and well-being, and many people think that they want to avoid experiencing negative emotions such as anger as much as possible. However, functionalism suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions to events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting (使警觉) that person to important situations that require actions. Each emotion may call for a different response. To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants. The experiments were designed to make people feel a certain emotion by looking at pictures, then giving them a task or challenge to do. Across all the experiments, researchers found anger improved the participants’ ability to reach challenging goals compared to a neutral emotional condition. In certain experiments, amusement or desire were also associated with increased goal attainment, but anger was associated with increased success across the board. The research team believe that when people were angry they spent more time working on challenging goals than those who did not and they were more likely to succeed. But in all the other emotional states, when they persisted (坚持), they were more likely to fail. So it seems to suggest that people were persistent more effectively when they were angry. NYU psychologist Dr. Diaz, however, challenged the study finding. “Anger can be a motivator. But if a person stays angry for extended periods of time, that is not helpful or healthy at all,” Diaz says. “We often say anger turned inward is depression, and we definitely see this when people struggle to manage their anger over long periods of time. So, anger can be positive for short waves of motivation, but long periods of it can really turn a person unhealthy.” 1．What does functionalism suggest about human emotions? A．They are interchangeable. B．They reflect people’s situations. C．They facilitate adaptive responses. D．They contribute to people’s well-being. 2．What did the researchers want to look at? A．Anger’s motivational effects. B．Anger’s perceptual impact. C．Anger expression mechanism. D．Emotion regulation strategies. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．The power of being persistent. B．The key to achieving challenging goals. C．An interpretation of the research results. D．Supporting evidence for the research results. 4．What does Dr. Diaz think of the research results? A．They are highly convincing. B．They are hard to understand. C．They lack an underlying logic. D．They have limited implications. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是愤怒这一负面情绪在实现目标过程中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, functionalism suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions to events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting (使警觉) that person to important situations that require actions. Each emotion may call for a different response.(然而，功能主义认为，所有的情绪，无论是好是坏，都是对一个人所处环境中的事件的反应，其目的是提醒这个人注意需要采取行动的重要情况。每种情绪可能需要不同的反应)”可知，功能主义暗示了人类情感促进适应性反应。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants.(为了更好地理解愤怒在实现目标中的作用，研究人员进行了一系列涉及1000多名参与者的实验)”可知，研究人员想研究愤怒的激励作用。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The research team believe that when people were angry they spent more time working on challenging goals than those who did not and they were more likely to succeed. But in all the other emotional states, when they persisted (坚持), they were more likely to fail. So it seems to suggest that people were persistent more effectively when they were angry.(研究团队认为，当人们处于愤怒状态时，相比那些没有愤怒情绪的人，他们会花更多时间致力于挑战性目标，而且更有可能取得成功。然而，在所有其他情绪状态下，当人们坚持下去时，却更有可能失败。因此，这似乎表明人们在愤怒时能更有效地保持坚持)”可知，第5段提出了对研究结果的解释。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But if a person stays angry for extended periods of time, that is not helpful or healthy at all(但是，如果一个人长时间保持愤怒，那是没有帮助的，也根本不健康)”和“So, anger can be positive for short waves of motivation, but long periods of it can really turn a person unhealthy.(所以，愤怒对短期的激励可能是积极的，但长时间的愤怒真的会让一个人变得不健康)”可推知，Dr. Diaz认为研究结果的影响有限。故选D。 【说明文11】（24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）An international research team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences has uncovered striking evidence of seasonal temperature swings and glacial cyclic activity during the greenhouse period in Earth’s past, offering new insights into today’s climate challenges. The study, published in Science Advances, is the first to reconstruct the history of seasonal variations in sea surface temperatures during a greenhouse Earth period, discovering that during the Early Cretaceous period (139.8-132.9 million years ago), the Earth exhibited significant seasonal temperature variations and periodic melting of polar ice sheets and glaciers. The findings challenge long-held assumptions about stable, ice-free conditions during prehistoric warm eras. In cooperation with institutions in Germany, the United Kingdom and Madagascar, Ding’s team analyzed fossilized oyster shells from the Early Cretaceous period. By examining growth layers in the shells, similar to tree rings, the team reconstructed seasonal sea surface temperatures and identified periodic melting of polar glaciers, even in a world with high-atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels. The researchers focused on oysters of the genus Rastellum, whose shells form distinct light and dark bands corresponding to summer and winter growth. By scanning electron microscopy (显微镜) and geochemical analyses, the team extracted seasonal temperature data. It’s revealed that winter temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere’s mid-latitudes were 10 to 15 C lower than summers during a cooling phase known as the Weissert Event — comparable to modern seasonal swings, according to the research team. The team linked brief glacial pulses to volcanic activity from the Parana-Etendeka eruptions and shifts in Earth’s orbit. “This research cracks open a new window into Earth’s climate past, revealing hidden rhythms beneath the greenhouse facade (表象),” said Andreas Mulch, a co-author. The study, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and CAS programs, underscores the urgency of understanding climate complexity to forecast future extremes, Ding said. 1．What is the main discovery of the study published in Science Advances? A．The accelerated polar ice melting. B．A steady ice-free state of the Earth. C．The growth layers of fossilized shells. D．The seasonal sea surface temperature swings. 2．What contributed to glacial pulses during the Weissert Event? A．The change of seasons. B．The volcanic eruptions. C．The moon’s orbital motion. D．The global emissions of CO2. 3．What can be inferred about the significance of this study? A．It aids in predicting future extremes. B．It recreates the history of climate change. C．It provides new insights into ocean research. D．It offers a comprehensive study of climate. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．Climate Complexity Needs More Investigation B．New Study Denies the Past Greenhouse Climate C．Fossil Shells Unveil Ancient Seasonal Climate Secrets D．Seasonal Temperature Swings Causes Life Extinctions 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国科学院领导的团队发现白垩纪早期温室期有季节性温度波动和冰川周期性活动，为应对当前气候挑战提供新视角。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study, published in Science Advances, is the first to reconstruct the history of seasonal variations in sea surface temperatures during a greenhouse Earth period, discovering that during the Early Cretaceous period (139.8-132.9 million years ago), the Earth exhibited significant seasonal temperature variations and periodic melting of polar ice sheets and glaciers.(这项发表在《科学进展》上的研究首次重建了温室地球时期海面温度季节性变化的历史，发现早白垩世时期（1.398 亿至 1.329 亿年前），地球出现了显著的季节性温度变化以及极地冰盖和冰川的周期性融化)”可知，发表在《科学进展》杂志上的这项研究的主要发现是季节性海面温度的变化。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It’s revealed that winter temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere’s mid-latitudes were 10 to 15 C lower than summers during a cooling phase known as the Weissert Event — comparable to modern seasonal swings, according to the research team. The team linked brief glacial pulses to volcanic activity from the Parana-Etendeka eruptions and shifts in Earth’s orbit.(研究团队指出，在被称为“韦塞特事件”的降温阶段，南半球中纬度地区的冬季气温比夏季低10至15摄氏度——这与现代的季节变化情况相当。该团队将短暂的冰川脉冲与帕拉纳-埃滕德卡火山喷发以及地球轨道的变化联系了起来)”可知，在韦塞特事件期间出现冰川脉动的原因是火山喷发。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and CAS programs, underscores the urgency of understanding climate complexity to forecast future extremes, Ding said.(丁教授表示，这项由中国国家自然科学基金和中国科学院项目资助的研究强调了理解气候复杂性对于预测未来极端情况的紧迫性)”可知，这项研究有助于预测未来的极端情况。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An international research team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences has uncovered striking evidence of seasonal temperature swings and glacial cyclic activity during the greenhouse period in Earth’s past, offering new insights into today’s climate challenges.(由中国科学院领导的一个国际研究团队发现了地球过去在温室时期存在季节性温度变化和冰川周期性活动的惊人证据，为当今的气候挑战提供了新的见解)”并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了中国科学院领导的团队发现白垩纪早期温室期有季节性温度波动和冰川周期性活动，为应对当前气候挑战提供新视角。可知，C选项“动物化石壳揭示了古代季节性气候的秘密”最符合文章标题。故选C。 【说明文12】（24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）A new study suggests that 20 minutes of sunlight before waking can help fight morning fatigue (疲惫), offering a potential solution for those struggling with long-term sleep insufficiency. While inadequate sleep poses health risks, simply sleeping more isn’t always practical or effective, as many still wake up tired. Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that pre-waking sunlight exposure may reduce fatigue, building on previous studies showing artificial dawn simulation can help. However, artificial light sources, often placed at bedside level, can lead to inconsistent exposure due to movement during sleep. A more stable alternative? Natural sunlight, which is freely available in most areas. For those without light pollution, leaving curtains open at night allows natural dawn light to enter. Others may use motorized curtains that reopen at a set morning time. To test this approach, the researchers conducted a crossover randomized controlled trial with 19 university students (ages 20–30) who maintained regular sleep schedules. Participants slept in a university lab furnished like a bedroom. All windows were shaded except for one facing east, making it the only source of natural light. The researchers installed light-shielding curtains on the east-facing window, plus a motorized device they could set to open the curtains at a specific time each morning. They used this setup to create three situations for participants: natural light exposure for 20 minutes before waking, natural light exposure from dawn until waking, and no natural light exposure. Results showed that both sunlight-exposed situations improved alertness and reduced self-reported sleepiness compared to no light. However, 20 minutes of pre-waking sunlight was most effective, significantly lowering objective sleepiness (measured via brain activity) compared to the other conditions. The team suggests prolonged exposure from dawn may disrupt sleep by providing too much light too soon. Daisuke Matsushita, a living environment design scientist involved in the study, hopes future research will optimize natural light exposure for better wakefulness, accounting for seasonal and daily variations. This could lead to more comfortable and energizing mornings. 1．Why is artificial dawn simulation sometimes ineffective in reducing morning fatigue? A．Because it requires expensive equipment. B．Because it cannot mimic natural sunlight accurately. C．Because it only works in areas without light pollution. D．Because it may be interrupted by the users’ movement. 2．The word “light-shielding” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by ______. A．light-emitting B．light-blocking C．light-reflecting D．light-absorbing 3．What can we learn about the study? A．Only the window facing south let light in. B．No light exposure improved sleeping quality. C．Participants were required to sleep in three situations. D．Two sunlight-exposed methods were equally effective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Motorized curtains can improve sleep quality. B．People should sleep longer to fight morning fatigue. C．Exposure to light sources is likely to solve sleep problems. D．20 minutes of pre-waking sunlight may reduce morning tiredness. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大阪Metropolitan大学的研究，表明醒来前20分钟的阳光照射有助于对抗早晨疲劳，还说明了研究过程和结果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that pre-waking sunlight exposure may reduce fatigue, building on previous studies showing artificial dawn simulation can help. However, artificial light sources, often placed at bedside level, can lead to inconsistent exposure due to movement during sleep.(大阪城市大学的研究人员发现，睡醒前接触阳光可能减轻疲劳感，该结论基于先前关于人工黎明模拟光照助益的研究。然而，通常放置在床头的模拟光源可能因睡眠时的翻身动作导致光照接触不规律)”可知，人工黎明模拟光源会被用户的移动打断，所以有时在减轻早晨疲劳方面会无效。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The researchers installed light-shielding curtains on the east-facing window, plus a motorized device they could set to open the curtains at a specific time each morning.(研究人员在朝东的窗户上安装了……窗帘，再加上一个机动装置，他们可以在每天早上的特定时间打开窗帘)”中“they could set to open the curtains at a specific time each morning”可推知，为了控制光照，研究人员安装的是阻挡光线的窗帘，然后让它在每天早上的特定时间打开。故划线词“light-shielding”的意思是“阻挡光线的”，与“light-blocking”同义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“They used this setup to create three situations for participants: natural light exposure for 20 minutes before waking, natural light exposure from dawn until waking, and no natural light exposure.(他们用这个设置为参与者创造了三种情况：醒来前20分钟接受自然光照射、从黎明到醒来接受自然光照射以及不接受自然光照射)”可知，参与者需要在三种情况下睡觉。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A new study suggests that 20 minutes of sunlight before waking can help fight morning fatigue (疲惫), offering a potential solution for those struggling with long term sleep insufficiency.(一项新的研究表明，醒来前20分钟的阳光照射有助于对抗早晨疲劳，为那些长期睡眠不足的人提供了一个潜在的解决方案)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，即醒来前20分钟的阳光照射可能会减少早晨的疲劳。故选D项。 【说明文13】（24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）A Cooper’s hawk (鹰) in New Jersey has been observed using a smart urban hunting strategy — using traffic signals and parked cars as cover to hunt prey. Zoologist Vladimir Dinets first noticed the young raptor at a West Orange crossing when sending his daughter to school. Over several days, he documented its unique technique: the hawk would wait for the pedestrian crossing sound before launching attacks. “It emerged from that small tree, flew very low above the sidewalk along the line of cars, made a sharp turn, crossed the street between the cars, and dove onto something near one of the houses,” Dinets described in Frontiers in Ethology. The targeted house had residents who frequently dined outdoors, leaving food scraps that attracted sparrows and doves — the hawk’s prey. Cooper’s hawks are naturally stealthy forest hunters, but this individual adapted its strategies to the urban environment. Dinets conducted 18 observations that winter, noting the hawk only hunted when specific conditions were met: the pedestrian signal sounded, creating a long line of waiting cars for cover. “The probability of that happening by chance was very close to zero,” Dinets told Science Alert. On weekends without traffic or rainy days when no birds gathered, the hawk didn’t hunt. The predator’s strategy demonstrated remarkable foresight. “The sound signal meant that the red light would last longer, so the queue of cars would provide cover for the entire approach,” Dinets explained. The hawk would fly low behind vehicles, make a 90-degree turn, and strike feeding flocks. Though Dinets rarely saw the kills, he once witnessed the hawk carrying a sparrow and another time eating a dove. “This shows the ability to understand connections between events and to plan ahead,” Dinets said. “They have a mental map of their hunting area and know it intimately.” Few scientific observations capture such complex raptor behavior, as wild hawks are difficult to study. Dinets emphasized the cognitive demands of urban survival: “A city is a dangerous habitat for a large raptor... they manage to thrive there, at least in part, by being very smart.” 1．Why did the hawk target the area near the house mentioned in the text? A．Because cars parked there never moved. B．Because the residents deliberately fed wild birds. C．Because the trees there provided perfect hiding spots. D．Because food remains left outside attracted smaller birds. 2．On what conditions would the hawk most probably launch attacks? A．When cars were waiting in a line on rainy days. B．When pedestrians crossed the road with light traffic. C．When many birds gathered in a tree across the street. D．When the pedestrian signals sounded on sunny weekdays. 3．What does the hawk’s specific hunting strategy suggest? A．It cannot hunt without human assistance. B．It uses the noise to scare prey into the open air. C．It connects the sound signal with ideal hunting conditions. D．It regards the pedestrian crossing sound as a signal for hunting. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the article? A．Hawks are forced to hunt in urban areas B．Raptors adapt hunting skills to urban settings C．Traffic signals change hawks’ hunting strategy D．Human behavior disrupts wildlife’s living habits 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一只库珀鹰利用交通信号和停放的车辆作为掩护，适应城市环境进行狩猎。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The targeted house had residents who frequently dined outdoors, leaving food scraps that attracted sparrows and doves — the hawk’s prey.(这所目标房屋的居民经常在户外用餐，留下吸引麻雀和鸽子的食物残渣，而麻雀和鸽子正是鹰的猎物)”可知，鹰瞄准了房子附近的区域是因为外面留下的食物残渣吸引了较小的鸟类。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dinets conducted 18 observations that winter, noting the hawk only hunted when specific conditions were met: the pedestrian signal sounded, creating a long line of waiting cars for cover.(Dinets在那个冬天进行了18次观察，注意到鹰只在满足特定条件时才捕猎：行人信号响起，形成一长排等待的汽车作为掩护)”以及“On weekends without traffic or rainy days when no birds gathered, the hawk didn’t hunt.(在没有交通的周末或没有鸟聚集的雨天，鹰不会捕猎)”可知，鹰最有可能在阳光明媚的工作日行人信号响起时发动攻击。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The predator’s strategy demonstrated remarkable foresight. “The sound signal meant that the red light would last longer, so the queue of cars would provide cover for the entire approach,” Dinets explained. The hawk would fly low behind vehicles, make a 90-degree turn, and strike feeding flocks.(捕食者的策略显示出非凡的远见。迪内茨解释说：“声音信号意味着红灯会持续更长的时间，这样排成一队的汽车就可以为整个过程提供掩护。”鹰会在车辆后面低飞，做一个90度的大转弯，袭击正在觅食的鸟群)”可知，鹰的具体狩猎策略表明它将声音信号与理想的狩猎条件联系起来。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A Cooper’s hawk (鹰) in New Jersey has been observed using a smart urban hunting strategy — using traffic signals and parked cars as cover to hunt prey.(在新泽西州，有人观察到一只库珀鹰使用了一种聪明的城市狩猎策略——利用交通信号和停放的车辆作为掩护来捕猎猎物)”以及最后一段中“Dinets emphasized the cognitive demands of urban survival: “A city is a dangerous habitat for a large raptor... they manage to thrive there, at least in part, by being very smart.”(Dinets强调了城市生存的认知需求：“城市对大型猛禽来说是一个危险的栖息地……它们至少在一定程度上是通过非常聪明而在那里茁壮成长的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了一只库珀鹰适应城市环境，利用交通信号和停放的车辆作为掩护进行狩猎，这展示了猛禽对城市环境的适应能力。因此，B选项“猛禽适应城市环境的狩猎技能”最适合作文章标题。故选B。 【说明文14】（24-25高二下·浙江台州·期末）Ignacio Vasquez, a 20-year-old college student, spent a year saving money for tickets to Beyoncé’s upcoming Cowboy Carter tour, only to find presale tickets priced at a minimum of $600 each and many at more than $l,000 — far beyond his budget. “The prices were just shockingly high.” Mr. Vasquez said and abandoned his plan. In recent years, concertgoers have paid eye-popping prices for tickets to see popular artists like Beyoncé, Taylor Swift and Oasis on tour. But Gen Z fans — those born between 1997 and 2012 — are paying much more for concert tickets than previous generations did when they were young adults. In 1996, the average ticket price for the top 100 tours was $25.8l, or about $52 adjusted for inflation(通货膨胀), according to data released by Pollstar, a trade publication that covers the live music industry, By 2024, average ticket prices had risen to $135.92. The live music industry has put today’s young adults in an impossibly expensive position. For Gen Z, spending on concerts can be budget breakers. In a survey published last year by Merge, a marketing agency, 86 percent Gen Z surveyed admitted overspending on live events. Fear of missing out, or FOMO, was cited as a top reason. Another survey by AAA, the automobile owners group, and Bread Financial, a financial services company, found that Gen Z are willing to spend more and travel farther to attend live events than older generations are. Last year, Chricket Cho, 25, attended seven concerts in the United States and Canada. She spent $8,400 on tickets and travel for the shows. “I just feel like live music is something that makes me feel alive.” said Ms. Cho, an information technology auditor who ears about $100,000 annually. Ms. Cho said she didn’t have a price cap for buying concert tickets. But she said soaring ticket prices had made her reconsider going to concerts if the artists weren’t her “all-time favorites” like Ms. Swift or Bleachers. 1．Why does the author mention Ignacio Vasquez’s experience in the first paragraph? A．To show the high prices of concert tickets. B．To advise students against concert spending. C．To stress Beyoncé’s popularity among Gen Z fans. D．To illustrate the difficulty with concert ticket purchase. 2．What is the main reason for Gen Z’s overspending on concerts? A．They are affected by inflation. B．They are afraid of being left out. C．They long to support their favourite stars. D．They view concerts as an essential part of life 3．What can be inferred about Chricket Cho? A．She can’t afford the high concert costs. B．She regrets spending so much on concerts C．She has a spending limit on concert tickets D．She has become more selective about concerts. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gen Z Save Money for Concert Costs B．Gen Z Beat Older Generations in Concert Love C．Sky-High Concert Prices Break Gen Z’s Budgets D．Rocketing Ticket Prices Cool Gen Z’s passion for Concerts 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了Z世代面对演唱会票价飙升的现象及其消费行为，并分析了其背后的原因和影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ignacio Vasquez, a 20-year-old college student, spent a year saving money for tickets to Beyoncé’s upcoming Cowboy Carter tour, only to find presale tickets priced at a minimum of $600 each and many at more than $l,000 — far beyond his budget. “The prices were just shockingly high.” Mr. Vasquez said and abandoned his plan.(20岁的大学生伊Ignacio Vasquez花了一年的时间为Beyoncé即将到来的Cowboy Carter巡演的门票攒钱，结果却发现预售票每张最低600美元，许多门票超过1000美元——远远超出了他的预算。‘价格高得惊人。’Mr. Vasquez说，并放弃了他的计划。)”可知Ignacio Vasquez花了一年的时间为演唱会攒钱，结果却因为门票价格远远超出预算而不得不放弃，由此可见文章提到Ignacio Vasquez的经历是为了显示音乐会门票的高昂价格，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Fear of missing out, or FOMO, was cited as a top reason.(害怕错过，即‘错失恐惧症’，被列为首要原因。)”可知，Z世代在音乐会上的消费过度的主要原因是他们害怕错过，被排除在外，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ms. Cho said she didn’t have a price cap for buying concert tickets. But she said soaring ticket prices had made her reconsider going to concerts if the artists weren’t her “all-time favorites” like Ms. Swift or Bleachers.(Cho女士表示，她对于购买演唱会门票并未设定价格上限。但她指出，高昂的门票价格让她不得不重新考虑是否要去看演唱会，尤其是当这些艺人并非像Ms. Swift或Bleachers那样的她‘一直喜爱’的艺人时。)”可知，Chricket Cho对音乐会变得更加挑剔了，更严格筛选，故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段由Ignacio Vasquez的经历提出音乐会门票价格高的话题，由文章第二段以及第三段通过具体的数据和调查结果阐述高昂的音乐会门票价格可能会超出Z世代的预算，文章倒数第二段“Fear of missing out, or FOMO, was cited as a top reason.(“害怕错过机会”（即FOMO）这一心理因素也被列为主要原因之一。)”指出Z世代在现场音乐会活动上预算超支的主要原因，最后一段以实际例子指出天价演唱会对年轻人的影响及其对此的应对措施；纵观全文可知，文章一直在围绕着高昂的演唱会票价超出了Z世代的预算范围来展开，所以C项“Sky-High Concert Prices Break Gen Z’s Budgets(天价演唱会门票打破了Z世代的预算)”作为文章标题最为合适，故选C项。 【说明文15】（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期末）When we sleep, our brain is still actively processing the day’s experiences and integrating them with past memories. Previous studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state, as well as between sleep state and memory formation. However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike? Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice. They monitored the mice as they learned new tasks during the day, such as observing them during sleep. (Fun fact: mice can sleep with their eyes open.) The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep. The implications of the study are far-reaching: such a non-invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example. The study also supports the hypothesis (假说) that human brains and computer systems may significantly forget old information. Catastrophic forgetting, known in AI, is an area where machines still fall behind biology. What’s more, the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks. Despite the many similarities between human and mouse brains, similar studies need to be conducted in humans to verify these results. 1．What do researchers at Cornell University focus on? A．How pupil size is related to sleep state. B．How people learn to perform new tasks. C．How memories are kept without interference. D．How sleep state is connected with memory formation. 2．What can we infer about the transition stage? A．It focuses on removing old memories. B．It processes old memories with narrowed pupils. C．It ensures new memories are processed before old ones. D．It helps integrate new memories with existing knowledge. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the potential applications of the study? A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Reserved. D．Skeptical. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Code of Memory Integration in Sleep. B．Role of Sleep in Memory and Learning. C．Pupil Size: A Window into Human Brain. D．A Breakthrough: How Mice Sleep with Eyes Open. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了康奈尔大学通过对小鼠的监测揭示了非快速眼动睡眠中记忆处理的不同阶段，以及其对记忆处理和学习的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike?(然而，目前尚不清楚新鲜记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下被处理的。例如，我们如何在学习弹钢琴的同时不忘记如何骑自行车？)”和第二段中“Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice.(康奈尔大学的研究人员通过在老鼠身上安装大脑扫描电极和微小的眼球追踪摄像头来解决这个问题。)”可知，康奈尔大学的研究人员关注的是记忆如何在不被干扰的情况下得到保存。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep.(这项研究同时识别出两个亚阶段之间的过渡期，该中间阶段能将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来。结果表明，睡眠期间大脑可以并行处理不同的认知进程，从而实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习。整个过程就像‘新知识—旧记忆—新知识—-旧记忆’在睡眠中缓慢交替的循环)”可推断，过渡阶段将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来，实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习，有助于将新旧知识的整合。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The implications of the study are far reaching: such a non invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example.(这项研究的意义深远：例如，这种非侵入性的监测大脑功能的方法可能有助于治疗记忆问题和提高记忆力)”可知，作者对这项研究的潜在应用持乐观态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike?(然而，大脑如何在处理新记忆时避免与旧记忆混淆，这一机制始终未明。举例来说，我们为何能在学习弹钢琴的同时，却不会遗忘如何骑自行车？)”、第三段中“The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. (该研究揭示了非快速眼动睡眠期(NREM)——记忆形成的关键阶段——存在两个截然不同的亚阶段。第一阶段会回放新记忆，此时实验小鼠的瞳孔会收缩；第二阶段则涉及旧记忆的提取，表现为瞳孔扩张。研究团队还发现，在瞳孔收缩阶段，小鼠对新信息的记忆能力显著受限)”和第四段中“ The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference.(这项研究同时识别出两个亚阶段之间的过渡期，该中间阶段能将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来。结果表明，睡眠期间大脑可以并行处理不同的认知进程，从而实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习)”可知，文章主要围绕睡眠中记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下进行处理和整合的展开，A选项“睡眠中记忆整合的密码”能概括文章主要内容，适合作为标题。故选A项。 【说明文16】（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期末）Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．Answering questions. B．Making a comparison. C．Presenting the subject. D．Explaining the methods. 2．Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A．People who work out. B．The elderly and weak. C．People who wear dark colors. D．Individuals with specific blood types. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B．Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C．The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D．Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B．To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C．To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D．To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all.(蚊子会偏爱某种特定血型吗？或许吧 —— 但影响这些带翅膀的害虫被我们吸引的因素并非单一，而且研究人员似乎也难以就确切答案达成共识。世界上有两类人：一类是从户外回来后浑身布满痒人的蚊子叮咬包的人，另一类是能在相同环境中待上数小时却完全不被叮咬的人)”首段开篇提出蚊子是否偏爱特定血型这一问题，随后描述了人们被蚊子叮咬情况的差异，其目的在于引出文章核心 —— 蚊子对人的偏好这一主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段 “That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes.(这意味着身体系统运转速度更快、呼出更多二氧化碳的人，包括孕妇、正在锻炼的人或饮酒的人，往往更容易吸引蚊子)” 可知，锻炼的人往往最吸引蚊子。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type.(相反，研究人员报告称，成为“蚊子磁铁”的可能性与皮肤气味和微生物的关系比与血型的关系更大)” 可知，皮肤气味和微生物的作用更大。故选B。 4．推理判断题。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。所以短文的目的是“提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息”。故选D。 试卷第4页，共33页 1 / 42 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第01期 2025年期末考试暑假专辑 专题03 阅读理解说明文 （提分策略+25高考3篇+25期终16篇）原卷版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 5 技能专区： 冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语） （介词短语）（名词短语）。 · 真题专区： · 练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！ 01-2025全国一卷 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. · 02-2025全国二卷 · When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. · “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. · “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” · If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? · A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. · C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? · A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. · C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? · A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. · C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? · A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood · C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home · 03-2025全国二卷 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 04-2025浙江1月卷 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 模拟专区： 做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【说明文01】（24-25高二下·山东泰安·期末）Climate change is causing the oceans to get warmer and more acidic, making it harder for corals to build and maintain their mineral skeletons (骨骼). Eventually, coral reefs will literally start to dissolve (溶解). It’s a sad story, but one with a surprising silver lining. Research presented this week shows dissolving coral will slow climate change, by boosting the oceans’ ability to take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the atmosphere. By the end of the century, the oceans could be absorbing up to 400 megatons (兆吨) of additional carbon per year. That’s more than the annual emissions of Australia or the United Kingdom. Corals build their skeletons from calcium carbonate by pulling carbonate ions (碳酸根离子) from seawater. But more CO₂ in the air drives more of the gas into the ocean, making it more acidic and reducing carbonate ions. This makes it harder for coral reefs to grow and may eventually lead to coral dissolution. Dissolving calcium carbonate reduces acidity more than it releases carbon, restoring ocean pH and increasing its carbon absorption. Alban Planchat, a climate scientist, and his colleagues used a computer model to see what would happen to coral reefs and the effects of coral dissolution on ocean carbon cycling as the world warms. They tested multiple climate cases, ranging from more optimistic cases in which carbon emissions eventually decline to pessimistic cases in which humanity doesn’t reduce emissions at all. Results showed that even in moderate cases, coral reefs are expected to decline, but this process could help trap carbon in the ocean. By 2300, an extra 110,000 megatons of carbon could be stored. For Planchat, the result is a clear reminder that the climate and biodiversity crises are connected, but are not identical. Even if dead reefs would help a bit with climate change, losing them would destroy vital ecosystems that host about 25% of marine species. If he had to choose, Planchat thinks the biodiversity crisis needs more attention. “We always talk about the carbon footprint for everything,” he says. “It’s necessary, but we also have to take into account the biodiversity.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “a surprising silver lining” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．An obvious drawback. B．A hidden danger. C．An unexpected bright side. D．A temporary solution. 2．What directly prevents corals from building mineral skeletons? A．More CO2 escapes into the air. B．Acidic water decreases carbonate ions. C．Coral skeletons stop producing calcium. D．Warmer water destroys coral skeletons. 3．What do Planchat’s models suggest about coral dissolution? A．It is unlikely to happen this century. B．It might help oceans trap more carbon. C．It can slow down ocean carbon cycling. D．It will cause an increase of marine species. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To suggest ways to slow down global warming. B．To call for more research about coral dissolution. C．To explain the reason why ocean becomes acidic. D．To show how coral reefs may help absorb carbon. 【说明文02】（24-25高二下·山东济宁·期末）Several species have fascinated observers with their abilities to skip side-to-side on the water as if it were land. One such species native to Virginia is the cricket frog. Jake Socha, a professor at Virginia Tech, leads a research team that studies the cricket frog’s unique ability to “skitter”, another name for jumping multiple times in succession. “Skittering is not actually a well-defined word for this behavior — one naturalist used it in 1949, and since then, it’s been used for this type of motion,” Socha says. “Part of this research is not only to study this behavior in cricket frogs, but to try and give ‘skittering’ a more precise, scientific definition.” The popular opinion holds that cricket frogs freely jump about with only their feet penetrating the water’s surface. However, Socha’s recordings showed a different picture. Researchers found that the frogs actually sink with each jump. The misunderstanding that cricket frogs have previously appeared to skip across the water when viewed by eye is largely because of their rapid motion. The team used a 20-gallon glass tank and released the frogs into it. High speed cameras were positioned from the side of the glass tank to document the action above and below the water’ s surface. As the frogs skipped, the team captured (拍摄) their getaway. Their movements might more accurately be called “porpoising” after the movement that a dolphin uses: jumping into the air from beneath the surface of the water. By observing them in slow motion, team members broke each jump cycle down to: ●Takeoff, from an underwater position ●Aerial, or time in the air following a jump ●Re-entry, back into the water ●Recovery, resetting for the next jump Understanding skittering is an important discovery for biology, but it holds other keys as well. This discovery provides a new physical basis for the future of bio-inspired robotics, where devices can draw inspiration from nature to use well-tested methods that frogs have been using for centuries. 1．What is the primary goal of Jake Socha’ s research about cricket frogs? A．To define their moving routes. B．To confirm their documented behavior. C．To better interpret their jumps. D．To create bio-inspired robots like them. 2．What does the underlined word “penetrating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Resting upon. B．Sliding over. C．Sticking on. D．Cutting through. 3．What do researchers focus on when filming cricket frogs? A．Categorizing their risky behaviors. B．Measuring their quick speed. C．Observing the height of their jumps. D．Tracking their sinking actions. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly discuss concerning the research? A．Its broader significance. B．Its key challenges. C．Its potential limitations. D．Its theoretical sources. 【说明文03】（24-25高二下·山东济南·期末）When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their whole trip sleeping or feeling exhausted. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University, links exercise with the body’s internal clock, opening the possibility of treating jet lag (时差反应) with a workout. Both traveling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can severely disturb the body’s internal clock, including making the body release the sleep-causing chemical melatonin (祖国素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock isn’t in line with the external clock of your destination, it creates a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That’s what lies at the heart of jet lag. The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to explore the effects of exercise on body’s internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 participants throughout the day to establish a baseline. Then, the participants were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored. The researchers noted shifts in the melatonin levels of participants: correlated with their activity level. The study uncovered that morning (7 a, m,) or afternoon (1-4 p. m.) works shifted the internal clock forward, while evening (7-10 p. m.) exercise shifted it backward. “This is the first study to compare exercise’s effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help reduce the negative effects of jet lag and shift work.” Shawn, the lead researcher said. For west-to-east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone shifts. For east-to-west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are beneficial. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backwards by regulating the amount of melatonin. Walking or cycling are great ways to see the sites, when traveling, while getting jet-lag beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip! 1．What is the key factor causing jet lag according to the text? A．Low melatonin. B．Shortened sleeping. C．Long travel tiredness. D．Body rhythm disorder. 2．How did researchers get the result? A．By doing observations. B．By undertaking surveys. C．By making comparisons. D．By integrating experience. 3．What does Shawn think of the study? A．Overrated. B．Pathbreaking. C．Unrealistic. D．Conclusive. 4．Which exercise suits travelers flying from China to Canada? A．Morning jogging. B．Evening swimming. C．Mid-night cycling. D．Random-time walking. 【说明文04】（24-25高二下·广东·期末）Researchers at the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences are on the frontline of postharvest technology, dedicated to preserving the freshness and nutritional value of vegetables while reducing waste. Their work extends beyond shelf life alone, focusing also on maintaining the quality of produce. One key focus is rapid precooling, a critical step in preserving freshness. This involves lowering the temperatures of freshly harvested vegetables to the ideal levels for long-term storage. “It’s like enveloping them in invisible freshness ‘armor’,” said Wang Qing, a researcher at the academy. However, achieving effective precooling involves its challenges. Different vegetables and varying levels of ripeness require temperature controls. To address this issue, the researchers created advanced experimental platforms in their lab, carefully recording changes under various conditions to identify the ideal temperature range for each produce type. After months of research, they developed new methods like controlling air cooling speed and humidity, using flowing-ice in layered containers, and using tiny ozone particles (臭氧分子) for cleaning bacteria. “Beyond the technology, we’ve developed a range of precooling equipment suited to various vegetables,” said Zhao Xiaoyan, an official at the academy. These new methods have made precooling much more effective, doubling or even quadrupling the shelf life of vegetables sent to cities. Discoloration also poses significant challenges for vegetable preservation. “Discoloration during storage often results in entire shipments being rejected, causing financial losses for farmers and businesses alike,” said Wang Dan, a member of the team. Starting with white radishes (萝卜), creating and analyzing the vegetable’s blue discoloration process in laboratory and real-world conditions, the team identified a plant compound (化合物) that produce the unwanted blue color and discovered that controlling gas composition within packaging could effectively prevent discoloration. Researchers then expanded their research to other vegetables, identifying the main processes that cause color. Over the past two years, the team’s innovations have been applied in 75 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The researchers’ specialized preservation technologies and devices have revolutionized the vegetable supply chain, generating additional sales and increasing profits for related industries. 1．What does the underlined word “armor” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．A precooling system. B．A storage method. C．A temperature controller. D．A protective covering. 2．What innovation did researchers achieve in precooling? A．Using ozone particles to replace cleaning processes. B．Improving air cooling efficiency and humidity level. C．Developing tailored equipment and diverse methods. D．Creating standardized temperature for each produce type. 3．What is the key to tackling discoloration? A．Recreating discoloration process. B．Adjusting gas inside the sealed pack. C．Identifying plant compounds causing blue. D．Testing white radishes under real conditions. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain major challenges in vegetable storage. B．To introduce breakthroughs in vegetable freshness. C．To share researchers’ opinions in vegetable preservation. D．To highlight the value of Chinese postharvest technology. 【说明文05】（24-25高二下·山东烟台·期末）Katherine Rundell’s follow-up to 2023’s Impossible Creatures—a novel that sees two children trying to protect “the world’s last magical place”, which is home to all manner of imaginary beings—goes hand in hand with the previous one. But rather than a fantasy story, Vanishing Treasures is a nonfiction survey of some of the seemingly impossible creatures who call our planet home. As the title suggests, many of our neighbors are disappearing at an alarming rate mostly due to humanity’s irresistible greed and desire to dominate whatever is beautiful and rare. In this book, Katherine Rundell takes us on a tour of the world’s most awe-inspiring animals currently facing extinction. She combines history and personal experiences with a vivid storytelling style. Her own observations and interactions color her description of each animal in an accessible way, which is as enjoyable to read as the facts. Having witnessed the Amur leopard’s stealthy approach to its victim while tracking it, Rundell writes, “The leopard glides through the underbrush like a shadow, its powerful muscles working in perfect harmony with the silence of the forest. Each step is a silent promise of both beauty and danger.” The book unfolds a wealth of wonders. The seahorse couples meet each morning for a dance, changing colors before going their separate ways. The wood frog survives winter by allowing itself to freeze solid, its heartbeat slowing until it stops altogether. When spring comes, the heart kick-starts itself naturally back to life. Regrettably, these extraordinary animals are each on the border of extinction. This brilliant essay collection focusing on 23 unusual and underappreciated creatures serves as a forceful call insisting we re-envision the world around us—to truly recognize the fascinating animals, along with their hidden histories and remarkable capabilities and above all, to treasure the immeasurable fortune of inhabiting the same ground as such disappearing treasures. Beautifully illustrated, and full of intellect, Vanishing Treasures is a chance to be awestruck and lovestruck, to engage with the world’s beauty and its delicate nature and its strangeness. 1．What do we know about the creatures in Rundell’s new novel? A．They’re extinct species. B．They’re fictional but magical. C．They inhabit different planets. D．They’re real but endangered. 2．What does the underlined word “stealthy” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Secretive. B．Hesitant. C．Awkward. D．Obvious. 3．Why does the author mention the seahorse couples and the wood frog? A．To reveal animals’ bonds. B．To prove animals’ adaptability. C．To indicate animals’ amazing features. D．To contrast animals’ survival skills 4．What is Vanishing Treasures aimed at? A．Driving environmental actions. B．Sharing personal adventures. C．Resolving human-animal conflicts. D．Promoting ecological appreciation. 【说明文06】（24-25高二下·江苏连云港·期末）In today’s world, bad news seems endless — wars, economic crises, and climate disasters fill headlines. Yet, many of us can’t stop checking our phones for updates, even late into the night. This habit, known as “doom-scrolling”, traps people in a cycle of consuming negative content. Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. Modern media uses this natural ability, prioritizing shocking headlines with the rule “if it bleeds, it leads.” Social media now acts like a digital “lion in the grass”, feeding our brains endless alerts about global crises. Christopher Ferguson, a psychology professor at Stetson University, explains, “People who struggle with uncertainty are especially open to doom-scrolling.” This habit resembles contemplation (沉思) — repeating dark thoughts without solving problems. Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. Even if the cause-effect relationship is unclear, losing sleep over endless scrolling certainly harms mood. Physical effects are also emerging. Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. Delete app shortcuts or use tools to limit screen time. Ferguson advises, “Social media should mostly be fun. Ask yourself: Are you enjoying this?” If not, create a plan. For example, use a catchphrase like “Stop scrolling” to interrupt the habit. Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. By understanding why doom-scrolling happens and taking practical actions, we can reclaim our time and mental well-being. His final tips? Don’t doom-scroll about doom-scrolling. “It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it,” Perguson said. 1．Why do people tend to focus on threats naturally? A．People enjoy consuming negative content. B．It is a survival need inherited from ancestors. C．Modern media prioritizes shocking headlines. D．Social media keeps informing us of global crises. 2．How does the author organize the information in Paragraph 3? A．By proving clear causes of health problems. B．By listing experts’ opinions from both sides. C．By showing study findings with explanations. D．By warning about risks and advising solutions. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Various doom-scrolling habits. B．Media’s role in doom-scrolling. C．The lasting effects of doom-scrolling. D．Strategies to overcome doom-scrolling. 4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．Stop researching doom-scrolling. B．Avoid discussing doom-scrolling. C．Don’t over-worry about doom-scrolling. D．Don’t learn about doom-scrolling online. 【说明文07】（24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skill. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The fast but worthless relief. B．The loss of thinking capacity. C．The meaningful engagement. D．The lack of necessary comfort. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Exploring a new city by using GPS. D．Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smartphones: barriers to human B．GPS: the invisible cost of convenience C．Stress: the main cause of brain damage D．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience 【说明文08】（24-25高二下·江苏南京·期末）Scientists may be able to predict our risk of stroke by taking pictures of our eyes, according to a study published on Monday. A stroke happens when blood flow is blocked to a part of the brain, causing disability or death. Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors — such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes. But scientists have found a new way to predict a stroke: using photos of the eye. At the back of the eye there is light-sensitive tissue filled with tiny blood vessels (血管) called the retina that we use to see. This complicated blood-vessel network is known to share similarities with the blood vessels in the brain, so scientists can use it to assess blood-vessel damage in the brain. An international team of ophthalmologists — eye scientists — analyzed pictures of the retinas of more than 45,000 people. They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels. Over an average of 12.5 years, 749 of the study participants had a stroke. They were more likely to be older, male, smokers, diabetic and overweight. They also had higher blood pressure and lower levels of good cholesterol (胆固醇). After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 29 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk. The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight. Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities. 1．What is a traditional way of assessing the risk of stroke? A．Inquiring health conditions. B．Taking pictures of the eye. C．Checking blood flow. D．Designing invasive tests. 2．How did the scientists analyze pictures of retina? A．By applying various techniques. B．By employing previous research data. C．By examining features of blood vessels. D．By measuring similarities between individuals. 3．Who is more likely to suffer a stroke? A．A woman with an active lifestyle. B．A senior with a history of brain disease. C．A man with abnormal density of blood vessels. D．A teenager with higher levels of good cholesterol. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Suspicious. D．Indifferent. 【说明文09】（24-25高二下·江苏南通·期末）The fact that humans who are not related by blood help each other repeatedly over time is demonstrably true — think of the ongoing mutual (相互的) support that sustains your longest-running friendships. But the idea that such interactions occur in the animal kingdom has been difficult to prove. A new study of African starlings (欧掠鸟) led by biologist Rubenstein and his colleagues draws on data gathered over 20 years and proves exactly that: The starlings demonstrate “reciprocity”, helping each other with the expectation that the favor will eventually be returned. Rubenstein said such behaviour was probably necessary for starlings as they live in a harsh environment where drought is common and food is limited. “Two birds probably can’t feed their young on their own, so they need these helpers to help them,” he said, adding that as each breeding (繁殖) pair produces their young, birds must be employed from outside the family group to help the young survive. Writing in the journal Nature, Rubenstein and colleagues report how they studied superb starlings at 410 nests in Kenya covering nine social groups, recording data over a 20-year period from 2002 that covered more than 40 breeding seasons. The team also collected DNA from 1,175 birds to explore their relationships to each other. The results reveal that rather than helping birds at random, starlings preferentially helped breeding birds that were related to them, particularly if they were born in the same nest. However, they also helped unrelated breeding birds, even when there were opportunities to help relatives. The team found helpers tended to aid specific breeding birds. Crucially, these pairs of breeders and helpers often switched roles from one breeding season to the next-particularly if they were immigrants (移民) to the group. “You can think of them as friendships, in the sense that they’re not relatives.” said Rubenstein. However, Rubenstein said questions remained. “Why don’t they just get the help and then not reciprocate the help in the future?” he said, adding the team was collecting further data to explore the mystery. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A favor will eventually be wasted. B．Non-relative animals help each other. C．Mutual support contributes to friendship. D．Blood relation lasts longer than friendship 2．What did Rubenstein explain in paragraph 3? A．Tips on increasing nest survival rates B．The impact of climate change on birds. C．Leading causes of bird population decline. D．Reasons for non-relative helping among birds. 3．What can be learnt from the research findings about reciprocal helping? A．It was recorded at random. B．It was chosen on purpose. C．It was done with reservation. D．It was limited to family groups. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Expectations for future studies. B．Applications of the research findings. C．A summary of the evidence on problems. D．A reasonable doubt about the research findings 【说明文10】（24-25高二下·江苏南通·期末）Positive emotions such as joy and happiness are important for mental health and well-being, and many people think that they want to avoid experiencing negative emotions such as anger as much as possible. However, functionalism suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions to events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting (使警觉) that person to important situations that require actions. Each emotion may call for a different response. To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants. The experiments were designed to make people feel a certain emotion by looking at pictures, then giving them a task or challenge to do. Across all the experiments, researchers found anger improved the participants’ ability to reach challenging goals compared to a neutral emotional condition. In certain experiments, amusement or desire were also associated with increased goal attainment, but anger was associated with increased success across the board. The research team believe that when people were angry they spent more time working on challenging goals than those who did not and they were more likely to succeed. But in all the other emotional states, when they persisted (坚持), they were more likely to fail. So it seems to suggest that people were persistent more effectively when they were angry. NYU psychologist Dr. Diaz, however, challenged the study finding. “Anger can be a motivator. But if a person stays angry for extended periods of time, that is not helpful or healthy at all,” Diaz says. “We often say anger turned inward is depression, and we definitely see this when people struggle to manage their anger over long periods of time. So, anger can be positive for short waves of motivation, but long periods of it can really turn a person unhealthy.” 1．What does functionalism suggest about human emotions? A．They are interchangeable. B．They reflect people’s situations. C．They facilitate adaptive responses. D．They contribute to people’s well-being. 2．What did the researchers want to look at? A．Anger’s motivational effects. B．Anger’s perceptual impact. C．Anger expression mechanism. D．Emotion regulation strategies. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．The power of being persistent. B．The key to achieving challenging goals. C．An interpretation of the research results. D．Supporting evidence for the research results. 4．What does Dr. Diaz think of the research results? A．They are highly convincing. B．They are hard to understand. C．They lack an underlying logic. D．They have limited implications. 【说明文11】（24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）An international research team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences has uncovered striking evidence of seasonal temperature swings and glacial cyclic activity during the greenhouse period in Earth’s past, offering new insights into today’s climate challenges. The study, published in Science Advances, is the first to reconstruct the history of seasonal variations in sea surface temperatures during a greenhouse Earth period, discovering that during the Early Cretaceous period (139.8-132.9 million years ago), the Earth exhibited significant seasonal temperature variations and periodic melting of polar ice sheets and glaciers. The findings challenge long-held assumptions about stable, ice-free conditions during prehistoric warm eras. In cooperation with institutions in Germany, the United Kingdom and Madagascar, Ding’s team analyzed fossilized oyster shells from the Early Cretaceous period. By examining growth layers in the shells, similar to tree rings, the team reconstructed seasonal sea surface temperatures and identified periodic melting of polar glaciers, even in a world with high-atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels. The researchers focused on oysters of the genus Rastellum, whose shells form distinct light and dark bands corresponding to summer and winter growth. By scanning electron microscopy (显微镜) and geochemical analyses, the team extracted seasonal temperature data. It’s revealed that winter temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere’s mid-latitudes were 10 to 15 C lower than summers during a cooling phase known as the Weissert Event — comparable to modern seasonal swings, according to the research team. The team linked brief glacial pulses to volcanic activity from the Parana-Etendeka eruptions and shifts in Earth’s orbit. “This research cracks open a new window into Earth’s climate past, revealing hidden rhythms beneath the greenhouse facade (表象),” said Andreas Mulch, a co-author. The study, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and CAS programs, underscores the urgency of understanding climate complexity to forecast future extremes, Ding said. 1．What is the main discovery of the study published in Science Advances? A．The accelerated polar ice melting. B．A steady ice-free state of the Earth. C．The growth layers of fossilized shells. D．The seasonal sea surface temperature swings. 2．What contributed to glacial pulses during the Weissert Event? A．The change of seasons. B．The volcanic eruptions. C．The moon’s orbital motion. D．The global emissions of CO2. 3．What can be inferred about the significance of this study? A．It aids in predicting future extremes. B．It recreates the history of climate change. C．It provides new insights into ocean research. D．It offers a comprehensive study of climate. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．Climate Complexity Needs More Investigation B．New Study Denies the Past Greenhouse Climate C．Fossil Shells Unveil Ancient Seasonal Climate Secrets D．Seasonal Temperature Swings Causes Life Extinctions 【说明文12】（24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）A new study suggests that 20 minutes of sunlight before waking can help fight morning fatigue (疲惫), offering a potential solution for those struggling with long-term sleep insufficiency. While inadequate sleep poses health risks, simply sleeping more isn’t always practical or effective, as many still wake up tired. Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that pre-waking sunlight exposure may reduce fatigue, building on previous studies showing artificial dawn simulation can help. However, artificial light sources, often placed at bedside level, can lead to inconsistent exposure due to movement during sleep. A more stable alternative? Natural sunlight, which is freely available in most areas. For those without light pollution, leaving curtains open at night allows natural dawn light to enter. Others may use motorized curtains that reopen at a set morning time. To test this approach, the researchers conducted a crossover randomized controlled trial with 19 university students (ages 20–30) who maintained regular sleep schedules. Participants slept in a university lab furnished like a bedroom. All windows were shaded except for one facing east, making it the only source of natural light. The researchers installed light-shielding curtains on the east-facing window, plus a motorized device they could set to open the curtains at a specific time each morning. They used this setup to create three situations for participants: natural light exposure for 20 minutes before waking, natural light exposure from dawn until waking, and no natural light exposure. Results showed that both sunlight-exposed situations improved alertness and reduced self-reported sleepiness compared to no light. However, 20 minutes of pre-waking sunlight was most effective, significantly lowering objective sleepiness (measured via brain activity) compared to the other conditions. The team suggests prolonged exposure from dawn may disrupt sleep by providing too much light too soon. Daisuke Matsushita, a living environment design scientist involved in the study, hopes future research will optimize natural light exposure for better wakefulness, accounting for seasonal and daily variations. This could lead to more comfortable and energizing mornings. 1．Why is artificial dawn simulation sometimes ineffective in reducing morning fatigue? A．Because it requires expensive equipment. B．Because it cannot mimic natural sunlight accurately. C．Because it only works in areas without light pollution. D．Because it may be interrupted by the users’ movement. 2．The word “light-shielding” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by ______. A．light-emitting B．light-blocking C．light-reflecting D．light-absorbing 3．What can we learn about the study? A．Only the window facing south let light in. B．No light exposure improved sleeping quality. C．Participants were required to sleep in three situations. D．Two sunlight-exposed methods were equally effective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Motorized curtains can improve sleep quality. B．People should sleep longer to fight morning fatigue. C．Exposure to light sources is likely to solve sleep problems. D．20 minutes of pre-waking sunlight may reduce morning tiredness. 【说明文13】（24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）A Cooper’s hawk (鹰) in New Jersey has been observed using a smart urban hunting strategy — using traffic signals and parked cars as cover to hunt prey. Zoologist Vladimir Dinets first noticed the young raptor at a West Orange crossing when sending his daughter to school. Over several days, he documented its unique technique: the hawk would wait for the pedestrian crossing sound before launching attacks. “It emerged from that small tree, flew very low above the sidewalk along the line of cars, made a sharp turn, crossed the street between the cars, and dove onto something near one of the houses,” Dinets described in Frontiers in Ethology. The targeted house had residents who frequently dined outdoors, leaving food scraps that attracted sparrows and doves — the hawk’s prey. Cooper’s hawks are naturally stealthy forest hunters, but this individual adapted its strategies to the urban environment. Dinets conducted 18 observations that winter, noting the hawk only hunted when specific conditions were met: the pedestrian signal sounded, creating a long line of waiting cars for cover. “The probability of that happening by chance was very close to zero,” Dinets told Science Alert. On weekends without traffic or rainy days when no birds gathered, the hawk didn’t hunt. The predator’s strategy demonstrated remarkable foresight. “The sound signal meant that the red light would last longer, so the queue of cars would provide cover for the entire approach,” Dinets explained. The hawk would fly low behind vehicles, make a 90-degree turn, and strike feeding flocks. Though Dinets rarely saw the kills, he once witnessed the hawk carrying a sparrow and another time eating a dove. “This shows the ability to understand connections between events and to plan ahead,” Dinets said. “They have a mental map of their hunting area and know it intimately.” Few scientific observations capture such complex raptor behavior, as wild hawks are difficult to study. Dinets emphasized the cognitive demands of urban survival: “A city is a dangerous habitat for a large raptor... they manage to thrive there, at least in part, by being very smart.” 1．Why did the hawk target the area near the house mentioned in the text? A．Because cars parked there never moved. B．Because the residents deliberately fed wild birds. C．Because the trees there provided perfect hiding spots. D．Because food remains left outside attracted smaller birds. 2．On what conditions would the hawk most probably launch attacks? A．When cars were waiting in a line on rainy days. B．When pedestrians crossed the road with light traffic. C．When many birds gathered in a tree across the street. D．When the pedestrian signals sounded on sunny weekdays. 3．What does the hawk’s specific hunting strategy suggest? A．It cannot hunt without human assistance. B．It uses the noise to scare prey into the open air. C．It connects the sound signal with ideal hunting conditions. D．It regards the pedestrian crossing sound as a signal for hunting. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the article? A．Hawks are forced to hunt in urban areas B．Raptors adapt hunting skills to urban settings C．Traffic signals change hawks’ hunting strategy D．Human behavior disrupts wildlife’s living habits 【说明文14】（24-25高二下·浙江台州·期末）Ignacio Vasquez, a 20-year-old college student, spent a year saving money for tickets to Beyoncé’s upcoming Cowboy Carter tour, only to find presale tickets priced at a minimum of $600 each and many at more than $l,000 — far beyond his budget. “The prices were just shockingly high.” Mr. Vasquez said and abandoned his plan. In recent years, concertgoers have paid eye-popping prices for tickets to see popular artists like Beyoncé, Taylor Swift and Oasis on tour. But Gen Z fans — those born between 1997 and 2012 — are paying much more for concert tickets than previous generations did when they were young adults. In 1996, the average ticket price for the top 100 tours was $25.8l, or about $52 adjusted for inflation(通货膨胀), according to data released by Pollstar, a trade publication that covers the live music industry, By 2024, average ticket prices had risen to $135.92. The live music industry has put today’s young adults in an impossibly expensive position. For Gen Z, spending on concerts can be budget breakers. In a survey published last year by Merge, a marketing agency, 86 percent Gen Z surveyed admitted overspending on live events. Fear of missing out, or FOMO, was cited as a top reason. Another survey by AAA, the automobile owners group, and Bread Financial, a financial services company, found that Gen Z are willing to spend more and travel farther to attend live events than older generations are. Last year, Chricket Cho, 25, attended seven concerts in the United States and Canada. She spent $8,400 on tickets and travel for the shows. “I just feel like live music is something that makes me feel alive.” said Ms. Cho, an information technology auditor who ears about $100,000 annually. Ms. Cho said she didn’t have a price cap for buying concert tickets. But she said soaring ticket prices had made her reconsider going to concerts if the artists weren’t her “all-time favorites” like Ms. Swift or Bleachers. 1．Why does the author mention Ignacio Vasquez’s experience in the first paragraph? A．To show the high prices of concert tickets. B．To advise students against concert spending. C．To stress Beyoncé’s popularity among Gen Z fans. D．To illustrate the difficulty with concert ticket purchase. 2．What is the main reason for Gen Z’s overspending on concerts? A．They are affected by inflation. B．They are afraid of being left out. C．They long to support their favourite stars. D．They view concerts as an essential part of life 3．What can be inferred about Chricket Cho? A．She can’t afford the high concert costs. B．She regrets spending so much on concerts C．She has a spending limit on concert tickets D．She has become more selective about concerts. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gen Z Save Money for Concert Costs B．Gen Z Beat Older Generations in Concert Love C．Sky-High Concert Prices Break Gen Z’s Budgets D．Rocketing Ticket Prices Cool Gen Z’s passion for Concerts 【说明文15】（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期末）When we sleep, our brain is still actively processing the day’s experiences and integrating them with past memories. Previous studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state, as well as between sleep state and memory formation. However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike? Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice. They monitored the mice as they learned new tasks during the day, such as observing them during sleep. (Fun fact: mice can sleep with their eyes open.) The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep. The implications of the study are far-reaching: such a non-invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example. The study also supports the hypothesis (假说) that human brains and computer systems may significantly forget old information. Catastrophic forgetting, known in AI, is an area where machines still fall behind biology. What’s more, the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks. Despite the many similarities between human and mouse brains, similar studies need to be conducted in humans to verify these results. 1．What do researchers at Cornell University focus on? A．How pupil size is related to sleep state. B．How people learn to perform new tasks. C．How memories are kept without interference. D．How sleep state is connected with memory formation. 2．What can we infer about the transition stage? A．It focuses on removing old memories. B．It processes old memories with narrowed pupils. C．It ensures new memories are processed before old ones. D．It helps integrate new memories with existing knowledge. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the potential applications of the study? A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Reserved. D．Skeptical. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Code of Memory Integration in Sleep. B．Role of Sleep in Memory and Learning. C．Pupil Size: A Window into Human Brain. D．A Breakthrough: How Mice Sleep with Eyes Open. 【说明文16】（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期末）Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．Answering questions. B．Making a comparison. C．Presenting the subject. D．Explaining the methods. 2．Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A．People who work out. B．The elderly and weak. C．People who wear dark colors. D．Individuals with specific blood types. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B．Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C．The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D．Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B．To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C．To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D．To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. 试卷第4页，共33页 5 / 25 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$