Unit 7 Section 4 Grammar and Writing（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语基础模块1同步教案（外研版2021）

Section 4　Grammar and Writing 一、构词法 很多英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。 (一)合成法 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。单词经合成后可以构成很多词类，常见的有： 1．合成名词 bedroom卧室；blackboard黑板；newspaper报纸；schoolyard 校园；necklace 项链；sunrise 日出；earthquake 地震；headache头痛；playground 操场；reading room阅览室；postoffice 邮局；bookshop书店；boyfriend男朋友；daytime 白天 2．合成形容词 good­looking 相貌好的；cold­blooded 冷血的；newly­built 新建的；full­time 专职的；hard­working 勤劳的；well­known众所周知的；man­made 人造的；blue­eyed 蓝眼睛的；warm­hearted 热心肠的 3．合成副词 whenever 无论何时；however 无论如何；somewhere某处；everywhere 到处 4．合成代词 himself他本人；nobody没人；something某事；anything任何事情；somebody某人 (二)转化法 由一种词性转化为另一种词性或几种词性，而词形不变。 1．名词转化为动词 hand n．手→v.递给；smoke n．烟→v.吸烟； nurse n．护士→v.护理；ship n．轮船→v.用船运； head n．头→v.朝向；face n．脸→v.面对 2．形容词转化为动词 empty adj.空的→v.倒空；calm adj.平静的→v.使……平静； lower adj.较低的→v.降低；clean adj.干净的→v.清扫；清洁 3．动词转化为名词 love v．爱→n.爱；smell v．嗅→n.气味；answer v．回答→n.答案；taste v．尝→n.味道 4．形容词转化为名词 daily adj日常的；每日的→n.日报；final adj.最后的→n.决赛； weekly adj.每星期的→n.周报；monthly adj.每月的→n.月刊 (三)派生法 1．变为名词 (1)形容词＋­ness happy→happiness　ill→illness　kind→kindness　sad→sadness (2)动词＋­ment achieve→achievement　excite→excitement　develop→development (3)动词＋­ion discuss→discussion　invent→invention　decide→decision　introduce→introduction protect→protection　suggest→suggestion　congratulate→congratulation (4)动词/名词＋­er/or/r work→worker　act→actor　 drive→driver　office→officer　win→winner　invent→inventor　sing→singer　speak→speaker　dance→dancer　wait→waiter　travel→traveler　 design→designer　visit→visitor　play→player　read→reader　report→reporter　 teach→teacher　write→writer (5)动词＋­ing begin→beginning　feel→feeling　clean→cleaning　smoke→smoking　write→writing　fish→fishing　say→saying　train→training　shop→shopping　mean→meaning　wash→washing　read→reading　swim→swimming (6)名词＋­ist art→artist　piano→pianist　science→scientist tour→tourist　violin→violinist (7)形容词词尾t→ce confident→confidence　distant→distance different→difference　important→importance patient→patience　silent→silence (8)形容词＋­ty/ity difficult→difficulty　safe→safety　real→reality　 electric→electricity (9)其他不规则变化 advise→advice　fail→failure　please→pleasure　believe→belief　free→freedom serve→service　choose→choice　high→height succeed→success　deep→depth laugh→laughter　die→death　true→truth　long→length 2．变为形容词 (1)名词＋­y anger→angry　hunger→hungry　snow→snowy　cloud→cloudy　sleep→sleepy　sun→sunny　luck→lucky　noise→noisy　fun→funny　rain→rainy　wind→windy　health→healthy (2)名词＋­al culture→cultural　music→musical　nation→national　society→social　person→personal　medicine→medical　tradition→traditional (3)名词＋­ous danger→dangerous　humor→humorous (4)名词/动词＋­ful care→careful　hope→hopeful　success→successful　use→useful　wonder→wonderful　pain→painful　beauty→beautiful　meaning→meaningful　peace→peaceful　help→helpful　harm→harmful　color→colorful (5)名词/动词＋­less care→careless　help→helpless　meaning→meaningless　end→endless　home→homeless hope→hopeless (6)名词/动词＋­ly day→daily　week→weekly　 friend→friendly love→lovely (7)动词＋­ed/ing bore→bored→boring　relax→relaxed→relaxing　move→moved→moving　tire→tired→tiring　amaze→amazed→amazing　excite→excited→exciting　satisfy→satisfied→satisfying　surprise →surprised →surprising　interest→interested→interesting 3．变为副词 (1)形容词＋­ly real→really　beautiful→beautifully　recent→recently　careful→carefully especial→especially　clear→clearly　usual→usually　main→mainly different→differently　slow→slowly　direct→directly　quick→quickly successful→successfully　final→finally (2)形容词词尾y→i＋­ly angry→angrily　happy→happily　lucky→luckily　easy→easily　heavy→heavily　unlucky→unluckily (3)形容词词尾不去e＋­ly polite→politely　complete→completely　wide→widely　safe→safely (4)形容词词尾去e＋­(l)y possible→possibly　simple→simply　true→truly　probable→probably 单项选择 1．Many people think eggs are a symbol of 　________　. A．lives　　　　　　　 B．life C．living D．lifes 2．－The film Dying to Survive won high　________　from all over the country, didn't it? －Yes. I've seen it twice. A．prize B．pride C．praise D．promise 3．Your brother borrowed your clothes without　________　. A．permission B．permit C．permitting D．permissions 4．The poor woman was found 　________　 in the kitchen. However, the murderer was not found. A．die B．died C．dead D．death 5．The soldiers found that only a few people remained 　________　 in the earthquake. A．lively B．living C．live D．alive 6．Today we have a 　________　 about how to learn English well. A．discuss B．discussion C．discussing D．discussed 7．－You look excited. What happened? －I saw a rabbit and ran 　________　 the field after it. A．through B．cross C．across D．crossing 8．I eat fruit and drink milk every day to keep me　________　. A．health B．healthily C．healthy D．unhealthy 9．You are 　________　 from your sister. You have some 　________　. A．different; different B．difference; differences C．different; difference D．different; differences 10．I want to keep 　________　， so I should eat 　________　 food. A．health; healthy B．healthy; healthy C．healthy; health D．health; health 11．Li Xiang's illness is very 　________　.You must take his illness 　________　. A．serious, seriously B．serious, serious C．seriously, seriously D．seriously, serious 12．You can ask Mr. Brown. Maybe he will offer you some 　________　. A．suggest B．advices C．suggestions D．suggestion 13．He was a great　________　in his study. A．success B．successful C．successfully D．succeed 14．Do you know who is the　________　 in the long jump? A．win B．winning C．won D．winner 15．I was floating　________　in a cloud in the sky. A．comfortable B．comfortably C．comfort D．uncomfortable 答案：1－5　ABACD　6－10　BCCDB 11－15　ACADB 二、情态动词 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 1．can，could (1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box？(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate？(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. (2)表示请求和允许。 －Can I go now? －Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could，might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 －Could I come to see you tomorrow? －Yes, you can.( No, I'm afraid not.) (3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. (4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can't be done by him. How can this be true? 2．may, might (1)表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。 －Might/ May I smoke in this room? －No, you mustn't. －May/Might I take this book out of the room? －Yes, you can.(No, you can't / mustn't.) 用May I．..？征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I．..？在口语中更常见。 (2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! (3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth. 3．must, have to (1)表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn't, don't have to(不必)。 －Must we hand in our exercise books today? －Yes, you must. －No, you don't have to / you needn't. (2)must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 The play isn't interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. (3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句) You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 4．dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中， 过去式形式为dared。 How dare you say I'm unfair? He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers. (2)need 作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 You needn't come so early. －Need I finish the work today? －Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. (3)dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesn't dare (to) answer. He needs to finish his homework today. 5．shall, should (1)shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? (2)shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 6．should, ought to (1)should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. (2)表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? (3)表示推测 should, ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 He must be home by now.(断定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 单项选择 1．The children 　________　 play football on the road. A．can't　　　　　　　 B．can C．mustn't D．must 2．They 　________　 do well in the exam. A．can be able to B．be able to C．can able to D．are able to 3．－May I take this book out? －No, you 　________　. A．can't B．may not C．needn't D．aren't 4．You　________　 go and see a doctor at once because you have got a fever. A．can B．must C．dare D．would 5．－Can you speak Japanese? －No, I　________　. A．mustn't B．can't C．needn't D．may not 6．－He　________　 be in the classroom, I think. －No, he 　_________　 be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A．can; may not B．must; may not C．may; can't D．may; mustn't 7．－Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? －Thanks, but you　________　， I've had enough. A．may not B．must not C．can't D．needn't 8．Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it 　________　 be very difficult. A．may B．must C．can D．need 9．He isn't at school. I think he 　________　 be ill. A．can B．shall C．must D．has to 10．　________　 I take this one? A．May B．Will C．Are D．Do 11．You 　________　 be late for school again next time. A．mustn't B．needn't C．don't have to D．don't need to 12．－Must I do my homework at once? －No, you　________　. A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．may not 13．His arm is all right. He 　________　 go and see the doctor. A．has not to B．don't have to C．haven't to D．doesn't have to 14．He had to give up the plan, 　________　 he? A．did B．didn't C．does D．doesn't 15．Excuse me.　________　 you please pass me that cup? A．Do B．Should C．Would D．Must 答案：1－5　CDABB　6－10　CDBCA 11－15　AADBC 地震避险和逃生指南 写地震避险和逃生的英语作文，应注意以下几个方面： 1．人称：通常用第二人称和第三人称来表达，叙述情况通常用第三人称，人如何做通常用第二人称。 2．时态：通常用一般现在时和一般将来时，用一般现在时说明客观事实的情况，用一般将来时表明地震发生时人将如何做。 3．写作内容要齐全。地震避险和逃生指南写作要注意写作叙述部分和写作内容要求，要包括写作内容的全部信息点，不能遗漏。 4．优化结构，美化句型。一篇好的文章应结构清晰，可适当分段。写作中若能正确使用各种句型和结构，不仅能完成写作任务，还能使文章的结构和句式变得丰富，行文更流畅，中心和主旨更加突出。 假如你们学校将要举办“地震自救知识演讲比赛”，请你写一篇80～120词的演讲稿，谈谈在发生地震期间，学生在室内上课和室外活动时如何保护自己。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Hello，everyone.__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ That's all.Thank you. ●[审题谋篇] 体裁 演讲稿 话题 地震自救 时态 一般现在时和一般将来时 人称 第二和第三人称 ●[重点词汇] 1．　happen　 发生 2．　advice　 建议 3．　shake　 震动 4．　lift　 电梯 5．　keep_calm　 保持冷静 6．　stay_away_from　 远离 7．　in_short　 总而言之 ●[重点句型] 1．Now I'll tell you what to do 　when_an_earthquake_happens　. 现在我会告诉你地震发生时该怎么做。 2．If you are in the classroom，　please_keep_calm　. 如果你在教室里，请保持冷静。 3．　Stay_away_from_the_tall_buildings，trees　 and the power lines. 远离高楼、树木和电线。 4．In short，　follow_the_advice_I_give_you　. 简而言之，遵循我给你的建议。 5．I believe we can 　enjoy_a_much_safer_life　 at school. 我相信我们可以在学校享受更安全的生活。 ●[连句成篇] ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] 　Hello，everyone　. Now I'll tell you what to do when an earthquake happens.Here is some advice for you.If you are in the classroom，please keep calm.Hide yourself under the desk.Stay away from the windows.Don't jump out of the building.When the ground stops shaking，leave quickly.You'd better not use the lift. If you are outside，please move to an open area like a playground.Stay away from the tall buildings，trees and the power lines. In short，follow the advice I give you.I believe we can enjoy a much safer life at school. 　That's_all.Thank_you.　 地震总是突然发生，所以很难发出警告。人们通常不知道在地震中该做些什么，请写一篇英语短文来给你的同学提一些如何应对地震的建议。 内容包括： 1．不要从高楼往外跳； 2．当地面停止晃动的时候快速离开建筑物，不要使用电梯； 3．不要站在路灯和电线的下面； 4．远离桥和树。如果你在车里，最好呆在里面； 5．要勇敢，要乐于助人； …… 注意：1.词数：80～120词； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do in an earthquake, so here is some advice. When you are in the high buildings, don't jump out of them. When the ground stops shaking, leave the building as quickly as you can. When you are outside, don't stand under street lights or power lines. I think you must stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a car, you'd better stay in it. You should be brave and help save other people. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆). They can happen at any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don't worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening. Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)． Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself. Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire. If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you. [语篇解读]　文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己几方面的讲解，使我们了解和提高了安全防范意识。 1．Most earthquakes are so 　________　 that they can't hurt people. A．strong　　　　　 B．weak C．dangerous D．heavy 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“But don't worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt.”可知，大多数地震都很“微弱”，故选B。] 2．From the passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should 　________　. A．stay under a big building B．stay under a strong furniture C．stand by windows D．drive near a big bridge 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”可知，当地震发生时，要待在书桌、桌子或其他结实的家具下面。故选B。] 3．How many ways are mentioned in the paragraph? A．Four B．Six C．Five D．Seven 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据“Do NOT go outside.”“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”“Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you.”“Also keep away from a fire.”“If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe.”可知，文中一共提到了5种方法，故选C。] 4．This passage tells us 　________　. A．how dangerous the earthquake is B．how to be safe in an earthquake C．we shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake D．how the earthquake comes into being 解析：B　[主旨大意题。根据“However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，故选B。] 5．The best title for this passage should be “ 　________　”． A．How Earthquakes Happen B．How to Drive a Car C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes D．Why Earthquakes Happen 解析：C　[最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，答案C符合题意，故选C。] B Earthquakes are something that people are afraid of. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people. In 1964, a strong earthquake happened in Alaska and it was the strongest in North America. Although the earthquake brought terrible damage (损害) to this area, luckily, only 130 people died in it. Because most people realized the danger before the ground started to shake, they hid themselves in a safe place. The most talked­about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. With the earthquake, the fires broke out and they came so quickly that over 700 people were killed. However,_according_to_the_reports,_some_other_terrible_earthquakes_are_not_as_strong_as_the_two_above,_but_they_caused_more_deaths.　 For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which caused 140,000 deaths. And one of the worst earthquakes was in China in 2008, in which over 69,000 people were killed and over 370,000 were hurt. It was one of the worst natural disasters (灾难) in recent Chinese history. People worry a lot about earthquakes. The reason is that people do not know when earthquakes are coming. Luckily, with the development of technology, people have now improved their ability to prepare more for earthquakes, so they are able to protect themselves better. [语篇解读]　本文讲了地震的相关知识，包括历史上较大地震带来的危害及人们对未来地震的防范。 6．What can we learn from Paragraph One? A．People needn't fear earthquakes now. B．Earthquakes just happen in mountains. C．Earthquakes have something to do with the forms of land. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据“There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.”可知，经常发生地震的国家通常多山。所以地震与陆地的形态有关。故选C。] 7．Among the examples in the passage, the earthquake which caused the most deaths happened in 　________　 in 　________　. A．1906；San Francisco B．1923；Japan C．2008；China 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which caused 140,000 deaths.”可知，1923年，日本东京和横滨地区发生强烈地震，造成14万人死亡。这是死亡人数最多的一次地震。故选B。] 8．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．The fires caused by earthquakes in San Francisco killed many people. C．People can keep themselves safe in earthquakes by hiding in safe places. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据“The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people.”可知，最强的地震并不总是夺去最多人的生命，选项A表达错误。故选A。] 9．The underlined sentence in Paragraph Four is used for 　________　. A．leading into Paragraph Four B．introducing the happening of the two earthquakes above C．listing the number of the deaths in the terrible earthquakes 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据“However, according to the reports, some other terrible earthquakes are not as strong as the two above, but they caused more deaths.” 可知，其他一些可怕的地震没有上述两次那么强烈，但它们造成了更多的死亡，下文讲了日本和中国的地震，造成了更多的死亡，所以这句话是为了引出第四段的内容。故选A。] 10．What may be talked about in the Paragraph to follow Paragraph Five? A．How do earthquakes worry people? B．What will people do to prepare for earthquakes? C．How can we save people when earthquakes happen? 解析：B　[推理判断题。第五段主要讲了人们担心地震是因为人们不知道地震什么时候来，随着技术的发展，人们现在已经提高了为地震做更多准备的能力，所以后面应该是讲人们将如何为地震做准备。故选B。] Ⅲ.书面表达 作为一名中学生，假如有一天你所在的地方突然发生地震，你认为你能做些什么和不能做什么？请你以“How to keep safe when an earthquake happens？”为题写一篇短文。 内容包括： 1．保持镇定，迅速躲到安全的地方( move to a safe location )去，如坚固的桌子下面。 2．可以用手或软的东西保护(protect)脸和头。 3．当确定震动停止时尽快跑到户外，若已在户外，就要远离高的建筑物。 4．不要乘坐电梯。 作文要求： 1．不能照抄原文； 2．语句连贯，词数：80～120词。 How to keep safe when an earthquake happens? If earthquake happened, firstly, don't be afraid and calm down. Secondly, find some safe place to stay and don't run in such a hurry. If in the room，_________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] How to keep safe when an earthquake happens? If_earthquake_happened,_firstly,_don't_be_afraid_and_calm_down._Secondly,_find_some_safe_place_to_stay_and_don't_run_in_such_a_hurry._If_in_the_room，　 you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a desk, a table or even a bed and keep away from a shelf and a cupboard, and never take a lift to go downstairs. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside, try to move away from buildings and streetlights. Stay away from windows and anything that may fall on you. Thirdly, you should help each other when you meet trouble. Lastly, make sure you wear shoes after an earthquake. There may be broken glass on the ground. No matter how strong the earthquake is, if only you have belief to defeat it and never give up, you must be able to overcome any difficulties. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Section 4　Grammar and Writing Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 语法 探究突破 01 写作 表达升格 02 课后 素养提升 03 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 语法 探究突破 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 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返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 Unit 7　When Disaster Strikes 英语基础模块（WY1） 一、构词法 很多英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。 (一)合成法 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。单词经合成后可以构成很多词类，常见的有： 1．合成名词 bedroom卧室；blackboard黑板；newspaper报纸；schoolyard 校园；necklace 项链；sunrise 日出；earthquake 地震；headache头痛；playground 操场；reading room阅览室；postoffice 邮局；bookshop书店；boyfriend男朋友；daytime 白天 2．合成形容词 good­looking 相貌好的；cold­blooded 冷血的；newly­built 新建的；full­time 专职的；hard­working 勤劳的；well­known众所周知的；man­made 人造的；blue­eyed 蓝眼睛的；warm­hearted 热心肠的 3．合成副词 whenever 无论何时；however 无论如何；somewhere某处；everywhere 到处 4．合成代词 himself他本人；nobody没人；something某事；anything任何事情；somebody某人 (二)转化法 由一种词性转化为另一种词性或几种词性，而词形不变。 1．名词转化为动词 hand n．手→v.递给；smoke n．烟→v.吸烟； nurse n．护士→v.护理；ship n．轮船→v.用船运； head n．头→v.朝向；face n．脸→v.面对 2．形容词转化为动词 empty adj.空的→v.倒空；calm adj.平静的→v.使……平静； lower adj.较低的→v.降低；clean adj.干净的→v.清扫；清洁 3．动词转化为名词 love v．爱→n.爱；smell v．嗅→n.气味；answer v．回答→n.答案；taste v．尝→n.味道 4．形容词转化为名词 daily adj日常的；每日的→n.日报；final adj.最后的→n.决赛； weekly adj.每星期的→n.周报；monthly adj.每月的→n.月刊 (三)派生法 1．变为名词 (1)形容词＋­ness happy→happiness　ill→illness　kind→kindness　sad→sadness (2)动词＋­ment achieve→achievement　excite→excitement　develop→development (3)动词＋­ion discuss→discussion　invent→invention　decide→decision　introduce→introduction protect→protection suggest→suggestion　congratulate→congratulation (4)动词/名词＋­er/or/r work→worker　act→actor　 drive→driver　office→officer　win→winner　invent→inventor　sing→singer　speak→speaker　dance→dancer　wait→waiter　travel→traveler　 design→designer　visit→visitor　play→player　read→reader　report→reporter　 teach→teacher　write→writer (5)动词＋­ing begin→beginning　feel→feeling　clean→cleaning　smoke→smoking　write→writing　fish→fishing　say→saying　train→training　shop→shopping　mean→meaning　wash→washing　read→reading　swim→swimming (6)名词＋­ist art→artist　piano→pianist　science→scientist tour→tourist　violin→violinist (7)形容词词尾t→ce confident→confidence　distant→distance different→difference　important→importance patient→patience　silent→silence (8)形容词＋­ty/ity difficult→difficulty　safe→safety　real→reality　 electric→electricity (9)其他不规则变化 advise→advice　fail→failure　please→pleasure　believe→belief　free→freedom serve→service　choose→choice　high→height succeed→success　deep→depth laugh→laughter　die→death　true→truth　long→length 2．变为形容词 (1)名词＋­y anger→angry　hunger→hungry　snow→snowy　cloud→cloudy　sleep→sleepy　sun→sunny　luck→lucky　noise→noisy　fun→funny　rain→rainy　wind→windy　health→healthy (2)名词＋­al culture→cultural　music→musical　nation→national　society→social　person→personal　medicine→medical　tradition→traditional (3)名词＋­ous danger→dangerous　humor→humorous (4)名词/动词＋­ful care→careful　hope→hopeful　success→successful　use→useful　wonder→wonderful　pain→painful　beauty→beautiful　meaning→meaningful　peace→peaceful　help→helpful　harm→harmful　color→colorful (5)名词/动词＋­less care→careless　help→helpless　meaning→meaningless　end→endless　home→homeless hope→hopeless (6)名词/动词＋­ly day→daily　week→weekly　 friend→friendly love→lovely (7)动词＋­ed/ing bore→bored→boring　relax→relaxed→relaxing　move→moved→moving　tire→tired→tiring　amaze→amazed→amazing　excite→excited→exciting　satisfy→satisfied→satisfying　surprise →surprised →surprising　interest→interested→interesting 3．变为副词 (1)形容词＋­ly real→really　beautiful→beautifully　recent→recently　careful→carefully especial→especially　clear→clearly　usual→usually　main→mainly different→differently　slow→slowly　direct→directly　quick→quickly successful→successfully　final→finally (2)形容词词尾y→i＋­ly angry→angrily　happy→happily　lucky→luckily　easy→easily　heavy→heavily　unlucky→unluckily (3)形容词词尾不去e＋­ly polite→politely　complete→completely　wide→widely　safe→safely (4)形容词词尾去e＋­(l)y possible→possibly　simple→simply　true→truly　probable→probably 单项选择 1．Many people think eggs are a symbol of 　________　. A．lives　　　　　　　 B．life C．living D．lifes 2．－The film Dying to Survive won high　________　from all over the country, didn't it? －Yes. I've seen it twice. A．prize B．pride C．praise D．promise 3．Your brother borrowed your clothes without　________　. A．permission B．permit C．permitting D．permissions 4．The poor woman was found 　________　 in the kitchen. However, the murderer was not found. A．die B．died C．dead D．death 5．The soldiers found that only a few people remained 　________　 in the earthquake. A．lively B．living C．live D．alive 6．Today we have a 　________　 about how to learn English well. A．discuss B．discussion C．discussing D．discussed 7．－You look excited. What happened? －I saw a rabbit and ran 　________　 the field after it. A．through B．cross C．across D．crossing 8．I eat fruit and drink milk every day to keep me　________　. A．health B．healthily C．healthy D．unhealthy 9．You are 　________　 from your sister. You have some 　________　. A．different; different B．difference; differences C．different; difference D．different; differences 10．I want to keep 　________　， so I should eat 　________　 food. A．health; healthy B．healthy; healthy C．healthy; health D．health; health 11．Li Xiang's illness is very 　________　.You must take his illness 　________　. A．serious, seriously B．serious, serious C．seriously, seriously D．seriously, serious 12．You can ask Mr. Brown. Maybe he will offer you some________. A．suggest B．advices C．suggestions D．suggestion 13．He was a great　________　in his study. A．success B．successful C．successfully D．succeed 14．Do you know who is the　________　 in the long jump? A．win B．winning C．won D．winner 15．I was floating　________　in a cloud in the sky. A．comfortable B．comfortably C．comfort D．uncomfortable 答案：1－5　ABACD　6－10　BCCDB 11－15　ACADB 二、情态动词 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 1．can，could (1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box？(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate？(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. (2)表示请求和允许。 －Can I go now? －Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could，might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 －Could I come to see you tomorrow? －Yes, you can.( No, I'm afraid not.) (3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. (4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can't be done by him. How can this be true? 2．may, might (1)表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。 －Might/ May I smoke in this room? －No, you mustn't. －May/Might I take this book out of the room? －Yes, you can.(No, you can't / mustn't.) 用May I．..？征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I．..？在口语中更常见。 (2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! (3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth. 3．must, have to (1)表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn't, don't have to(不必)。 －Must we hand in our exercise books today? －Yes, you must. －No, you don't have to / you needn't. (2)must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 The play isn't interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. (3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句) You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 4．dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中， 过去式形式为dared。 How dare you say I'm unfair? He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers. (2)need 作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 You needn't come so early. －Need I finish the work today? －Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. (3)dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesn't dare (to) answer. He needs to finish his homework today. 5．shall, should (1)shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? (2)shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 6．should, ought to (1)should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. (2)表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? (3)表示推测 should, ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 He must be home by now.(断定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 单项选择 1．The children 　________　 play football on the road. A．can't　　　　　　　 B．can C．mustn't D．must 2．They 　________　 do well in the exam. A．can be able to B．be able to C．can able to D．are able to 3．－May I take this book out? －No, you 　________　. A．can't B．may not C．needn't D．aren't 4．You　________　 go and see a doctor at once because you have got a fever. A．can B．must C．dare D．would 5．－Can you speak Japanese? －No, I　________　. A．mustn't B．can't C．needn't D．may not 6．－He　________　 be in the classroom, I think. －No, he 　_________　 be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A．can; may not B．must; may not C．may; can't D．may; mustn't 7．－Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? －Thanks, but you　________　， I've had enough. A．may not B．must not C．can't D．needn't 8．Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it 　________　 be very difficult. A．may B．must C．can D．need 9．He isn't at school. I think he 　________　 be ill. A．can B．shall C．must D．has to 10．　________　 I take this one? A．May B．Will C．Are D．Do 11．You 　________　 be late for school again next time. A．mustn't B．needn't C．don't have to D．don't need to 12．－Must I do my homework at once? －No, you　________　. A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．may not 13．His arm is all right. He 　________　 go and see the doctor. A．has not to B．don't have to C．haven't to D．doesn't have to 14．He had to give up the plan, 　________　 he? A．did B．didn't C．does D．doesn't 15．Excuse me.　________　 you please pass me that cup? A．Do B．Should C．Would D．Must 答案：1－5　CDABB　6－10　CDBCA 11－15　AADBC 地震避险和逃生指南 写地震避险和逃生的英语作文，应注意以下几个方面： 1．人称：通常用第二人称和第三人称来表达，叙述情况通常用第三人称，人如何做通常用第二人称。 2．时态：通常用一般现在时和一般将来时，用一般现在时说明客观事实的情况，用一般将来时表明地震发生时人将如何做。 3．写作内容要齐全。地震避险和逃生指南写作要注意写作叙述部分和写作内容要求，要包括写作内容的全部信息点，不能遗漏。 4．优化结构，美化句型。一篇好的文章应结构清晰，可适当分段。写作中若能正确使用各种句型和结构，不仅能完成写作任务，还能使文章的结构和句式变得丰富，行文更流畅，中心和主旨更加突出。 假如你们学校将要举办“地震自救知识演讲比赛”，请你写一篇80～120词的演讲稿，谈谈在发生地震期间，学生在室内上课和室外活动时如何保护自己。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Hello，everyone.____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ That's all.Thank you. ●[审题谋篇] 体裁 演讲稿 话题 地震自救 时态 一般现在时和一般将来时 人称 第二和第三人称 ●[重点词汇] 1．　happen　 发生 2．　advice　 建议 3．　shake　 震动 4．　lift　 电梯 5．　keep calm　 保持冷静 6．　stay away from　 远离 7．　in short　 总而言之 ●[重点句型] 1．Now I'll tell you what to do 　when an earthquake happens　. 现在我会告诉你地震发生时该怎么做。 2．If you are in the classroom，　please keep calm　. 如果你在教室里，请保持冷静。 3．　Stay away from the tall buildings，trees　 and the power lines. 远离高楼、树木和电线。 4．In short，　follow the advice I give you　. 简而言之，遵循我给你的建议。 5．I believe we can 　enjoy a much safer life　 at school. 我相信我们可以在学校享受更安全的生活。 ●[连句成篇] __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Hello，everyone. Now I'll tell you what to do when an earthquake happens.Here is some advice for you.If you are in the classroom，please keep calm.Hide yourself under the desk.Stay away from the windows.Don't jump out of the building.When the ground stops shaking，leave quickly.You'd better not use the lift. If you are outside，please move to an open area like a playground.Stay away from the tall buildings，trees and the power lines. In short，follow the advice I give you.I believe we can enjoy a much safer life at school. 　That's all.Thank you. 地震总是突然发生，所以很难发出警告。人们通常不知道在地震中该做些什么，请写一篇英语短文来给你的同学提一些如何应对地震的建议。 内容包括： 1．不要从高楼往外跳； 2．当地面停止晃动的时候快速离开建筑物，不要使用电梯； 3．不要站在路灯和电线的下面； 4．远离桥和树。如果你在车里，最好呆在里面； 5．要勇敢，要乐于助人； …… 注意：1.词数：80～120词； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do in an earthquake, so here is some advice. When you are in the high buildings, don't jump out of them. When the ground stops shaking, leave the building as quickly as you can. When you are outside, don't stand under street lights or power lines. I think you must stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a car, you'd better stay in it. You should be brave and help save other people. $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆). They can happen at any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don't worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening. Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)． Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself. Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire. If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you. [语篇解读]　文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己几方面的讲解，使我们了解和提高了安全防范意识。 1．Most earthquakes are so 　________　 that they can't hurt people. A．strong　　　　　 B．weak C．dangerous D．heavy 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“But don't worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt.”可知，大多数地震都很“微弱”，故选B。] 2．From the passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should 　________　. A．stay under a big building B．stay under a strong furniture C．stand by windows D．drive near a big bridge 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”可知，当地震发生时，要待在书桌、桌子或其他结实的家具下面。故选B。] 3．How many ways are mentioned in the paragraph? A．Four B．Six C．Five D．Seven 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据“Do NOT go outside.”“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”“Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you.”“Also keep away from a fire.”“If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe.”可知，文中一共提到了5种方法，故选C。] 4．This passage tells us 　________　. A．how dangerous the earthquake is B．how to be safe in an earthquake C．we shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake D．how the earthquake comes into being 解析：B　[主旨大意题。根据“However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，故选B。] 5．The best title for this passage should be “ 　________　”． A．How Earthquakes Happen B．How to Drive a Car C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes D．Why Earthquakes Happen 解析：C　[最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，答案C符合题意，故选C。] B Earthquakes are something that people are afraid of. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people. In 1964, a strong earthquake happened in Alaska and it was the strongest in North America. Although the earthquake brought terrible damage (损害) to this area, luckily, only 130 people died in it. Because most people realized the danger before the ground started to shake, they hid themselves in a safe place. The most talked­about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. With the earthquake, the fires broke out and they came so quickly that over 700 people were killed. However,_according_to_the_reports,_some_other_terrible_earthquakes_are_not_as_strong_as_the_two_above,_but_they_caused_more_deaths.　 For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which caused 140,000 deaths. And one of the worst earthquakes was in China in 2008, in which over 69,000 people were killed and over 370,000 were hurt. It was one of the worst natural disasters (灾难) in recent Chinese history. People worry a lot about earthquakes. The reason is that people do not know when earthquakes are coming. Luckily, with the development of technology, people have now improved their ability to prepare more for earthquakes, so they are able to protect themselves better. [语篇解读]　本文讲了地震的相关知识，包括历史上较大地震带来的危害及人们对未来地震的防范。 6．What can we learn from Paragraph One? A．People needn't fear earthquakes now. B．Earthquakes just happen in mountains. C．Earthquakes have something to do with the forms of land. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据“There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.”可知，经常发生地震的国家通常多山。所以地震与陆地的形态有关。故选C。] 7．Among the examples in the passage, the earthquake which caused the most deaths happened in 　________　 in 　________　. A．1906；San Francisco B．1923；Japan C．2008；China 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据“For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which caused 140,000 deaths.”可知，1923年，日本东京和横滨地区发生强烈地震，造成14万人死亡。这是死亡人数最多的一次地震。故选B。] 8．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．The fires caused by earthquakes in San Francisco killed many people. C．People can keep themselves safe in earthquakes by hiding in safe places. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据“The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people.”可知，最强的地震并不总是夺去最多人的生命，选项A表达错误。故选A。] 9．The underlined sentence in Paragraph Four is used for 　________　. A．leading into Paragraph Four B．introducing the happening of the two earthquakes above C．listing the number of the deaths in the terrible earthquakes 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据“However, according to the reports, some other terrible earthquakes are not as strong as the two above, but they caused more deaths.” 可知，其他一些可怕的地震没有上述两次那么强烈，但它们造成了更多的死亡，下文讲了日本和中国的地震，造成了更多的死亡，所以这句话是为了引出第四段的内容。故选A。] 10．What may be talked about in the Paragraph to follow Paragraph Five? A．How do earthquakes worry people? B．What will people do to prepare for earthquakes? C．How can we save people when earthquakes happen? 解析：B　[推理判断题。第五段主要讲了人们担心地震是因为人们不知道地震什么时候来，随着技术的发展，人们现在已经提高了为地震做更多准备的能力，所以后面应该是讲人们将如何为地震做准备。故选B。] Ⅲ.书面表达 作为一名中学生，假如有一天你所在的地方突然发生地震，你认为你能做些什么和不能做什么？请你以“How to keep safe when an earthquake happens？”为题写一篇短文。 内容包括： 1．保持镇定，迅速躲到安全的地方( move to a safe location )去，如坚固的桌子下面。 2．可以用手或软的东西保护(protect)脸和头。 3．当确定震动停止时尽快跑到户外，若已在户外，就要远离高的建筑物。 4．不要乘坐电梯。 作文要求： 1．不能照抄原文； 2．语句连贯，词数：80～120词。 How to keep safe when an earthquake happens? If earthquake happened, firstly, don't be afraid and calm down. Secondly, find some safe place to stay and don't run in such a hurry. If in the room，_____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] How to keep safe when an earthquake happens? If_earthquake_happened,_firstly,_don't_be_afraid_and_calm_down._Secondly,_find_some_safe_place_to_stay_and_don't_run_in_such_a_hurry._If_in_the_room，　 you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a desk, a table or even a bed and keep away from a shelf and a cupboard, and never take a lift to go downstairs. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside, try to move away from buildings and streetlights. Stay away from windows and anything that may fall on you. Thirdly, you should help each other when you meet trouble. Lastly, make sure you wear shoes after an earthquake. There may be broken glass on the ground. No matter how strong the earthquake is, if only you have belief to defeat it and never give up, you must be able to overcome any difficulties. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$